WO2021237999A1 - 一种便携式桁架结构实验装置 - Google Patents

一种便携式桁架结构实验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237999A1
WO2021237999A1 PCT/CN2020/118282 CN2020118282W WO2021237999A1 WO 2021237999 A1 WO2021237999 A1 WO 2021237999A1 CN 2020118282 W CN2020118282 W CN 2020118282W WO 2021237999 A1 WO2021237999 A1 WO 2021237999A1
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fixed
truss structure
rod
length
model
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈廷国
刘子楠
董官宁
任珵娇
朱德庆
任伟宾
吴江龙
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to US17/280,107 priority Critical patent/US20220042789A1/en
Publication of WO2021237999A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237999A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
    • G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/026—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring distance between sensor and object

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the teaching practice field of structural mechanics of civil engineering specialty, and relates to a statically determinate truss structure experimental device, which can perform classroom demonstration experiments of truss influence lines in structural mechanics.
  • Structural mechanics is a compulsory subject for civil engineering majors in colleges and universities.
  • the main research objects are beams, arches, trusses, rigid frames and other member structures.
  • the principles of mechanics the internal force and deformation of the structure under the action of external forces and other external factors are studied. Strength, stiffness, stability and dynamic response, as well as the composition law and force performance of the structure.
  • truss structure In the influence line part of structural mechanics teaching, truss structure is often the research object, but most of the truss structure models in the laboratory are very heavy and not suitable for entering the classroom. Therefore, a truss structure model that is easy to disassemble and easy to carry is invented for research. The relevant theories of influence lines in structural mechanics are particularly important.
  • a portable truss structure experimental device includes a basic frame 1, a detachable beam 2, a positioning support rod 3, a slideway 4, a hinge support 5, a truss structure, a reflector 13, measurement equipment and acquisition equipment.
  • the basic frame 1 relies on its own weight to ensure the stability of the entire device; there are two detachable beams 2, and each detachable beam 2 is connected to a positioning support rod 3, and the positioning support rod 3 is perpendicular to the base of the basic frame 1.
  • the two detachable beams 2 are respectively perpendicular to the two uprights of the basic frame 1; the slide 4 is fixed to one of the detachable beams 2; there are two hinged supports 5, which are respectively fixed to the other detachable beam 2 and On the chute 4, the two hinged supports 5 are located on the same horizontal line; the truss structure includes fixed-length rods, telescopic rods and hinge points 6.
  • the fixed-length rods are composed of a pair of steel sheets 7 to ensure the model’s integrity Spatial stability;
  • the telescopic rod is composed of an adjusting screw 9, a dial 10, a pointer 14, two clamping devices 8 and two pairs of steel sheets 7.
  • Each pair of steel sheets 7 of the telescopic rod passes a clamping device 8 Fixed as a whole, the two ends of the adjusting screw 9 are connected with two clamping devices 8, the pointer 14 is fixed on the clamping device 8, the dial 10 is fixed on the adjusting screw 9, and the length of the rod can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting screw 9.
  • the rotation angle of the adjusting screw 9 can be read out, and then the change of the length of the rod can be calculated; all the fixed-length rods and the telescopic rods are connected into a whole through the hinge point 6, each hinge point 6
  • a reflector 13 is fixed on the top to reflect the laser light emitted by the laser displacement meter 11;
  • the measuring device is a laser displacement meter 11, which is used to measure the displacement of each point of the model;
  • the acquisition device is a multi-mode structure parameter telemetry system terminal, which collects each model.
  • the laser displacement meter 11 is fixed on the beam and base of the base frame 1 through the support plate 12, and is vertically aligned with the position of the hinge point 6 respectively, and is used to measure the displacement of the hinge point 6 of the model; acquisition equipment It is a multi-mode structure parameter telemetry system terminal, which collects the displacement of each point of the model.
  • the portable truss structure experimental device manufactured in accordance with the present invention integrates convenience and science, can carry out real experiments, and can process experimental results in real time, which is very suitable for demonstration in time-limited classrooms; at the same time; ,
  • the experiment is simple to operate, easy for novices to learn, and very suitable for students to operate.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the portable truss structure experimental device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the portable truss structure experimental device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the portable truss structure experimental device of the present invention.
  • the present invention a portable truss structure experimental device, consisting of a basic frame 1, two detachable beams 2, two positioning struts 3, a slideway 4, two hinged supports 5, ten fixed-length rods, and three Composed of telescopic rods, six hinge points 6, six reflectors 13, measuring equipment and collecting equipment.
  • the specific installation method of the equipment is as follows:
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the portable truss structure experimental device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the portable truss structure experimental device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the portable truss structure experimental device of the present invention.
  • the base frame 1 relies on its own weight to ensure the stability of the entire device; two detachable beams 2 are respectively fixed on the two columns and the base of the base frame 1 through their positioning struts 3 , Where the positioning support rod 3 is perpendicular to the base of the base frame 1, and the two detachable beams 2 are perpendicular to the two uprights of the base frame 1; the slide 4 is fixed on the long detachable beam 2; the two hinged supports 5 are respectively It is fixed on the short detachable beam 2 and the slideway 4.
  • Each of the ten fixed-length rods is composed of a pair of steel sheets 7 to ensure the spatial stability of the model;
  • the three telescopic rods are all composed of two pairs of steel sheets 7, two clamping devices 8, an adjusting screw 9, and a pointer 14 is composed of a dial 10, each pair of steel sheets 7 is fixed as a whole by a clamping device 8, the two ends of the adjusting screw 9 are connected with two clamping devices 8, the pointer 14 is fixed on the clamping device 8, and the dial 10 is fixed On the adjusting screw 9, rotating the adjusting screw 9 can adjust the length of the rod, and the rotation angle can be read, and then the change in the length of the rod can be calculated.
  • the length of the rod changes by 0.5mm every 60° of the adjusting screw 9 is rotated.
  • All the rods are connected into a whole by six hinge points 6 and two hinge supports 5.
  • Each hinge point 6 is fixed with a reflector 13 to reflect the laser light emitted by the laser displacement meter 11; six lasers
  • the displacement meter 11 is fixed on the beam and the base of the base frame 1 through the support plate 12, and is vertically aligned with the positions of the six hinge points 6 respectively, and is used to measure the displacement of the hinge points 6 of the model;
  • the acquisition device is a multi-mode structure parameter
  • the terminal of the telemetry system collects the displacement of each point of the model.
  • the first step is to install the portable truss structure experimental device according to the above method, connect the laser displacement meter 11 and the terminal power supply of the multi-mode structural parameter telemetry system, and mark the three telescopic rods.
  • the horizontal rod is the No. 1 rod and the vertical
  • the rod is the No. 2 rod
  • the diagonal rod is the No. 3 rod.
  • the second step is to keep the length of No. 2 and No. 3 rods unchanged, turn the adjusting screw 9 to extend the No. 1 rod, perform preloading, and balance the terminal of the multi-mode structure parameter telemetry system to zero.
  • the third step is to keep the length of No. 2 and No. 3 rods unchanged, and turn the adjusting screw 9 to extend the No. 1 rod.
  • Each level rotates 60°, and the two levels are loaded at least 5 seconds apart to ensure the stability of the laser displacement meter data and collect displacement data.
  • the fourth step is to post-process the collected data to obtain the influence line of the No. 1 member.
  • the fifth step is to unload, keep the length of No. 2 and No. 3 rods unchanged, and turn the adjusting screw 9 in the opposite direction to restore the model to the state before loading.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种便携式桁架结构实验装置，属于土木工程专业结构力学的教学实践领域，包括：基础框架（1）、可拆卸横梁（2）、定位支杆（3）、滑道（4）、铰支座（5）、桁架结构、反光板（13）、测量设备和采集设备。该装置结构简单、装卸方便、可重复利用、测量结果准确、可同步至大屏幕并直接得到结构影响线，能够实现结构力学影响线教学内容的课堂演示；通过实验，使学生们更加准确理解结构力学影响线相关理论。

Description

一种便携式桁架结构实验装置 技术领域
本发明属于土木工程专业结构力学的教学实践领域，涉及静定桁架结构实验装置，可进行结构力学中桁架影响线的课堂演示实验。
 背景技术
结构力学是高等院校土木工程专业必修学科，主要以梁、拱、桁架、刚架等杆件结构为主要研究对象，根据力学原理研究外力和其他外界因素作用下结构的内力和变形，结构的强度、刚度、稳定性和动力反应，以及结构的组成规律和受力性能。
目前高等院校结构力学的教学方法主要是理论教学，缺少对相关力学原理的实验验证，导致部分同学对相关理论理解不够深入，甚至对相关理论产生质疑。因此，在结构力学教学中引入实验环节是其教学发展的必然趋势。
在结构力学教学的影响线部分，经常以桁架结构为研究对象，但实验室中的桁架结构模型大多十分笨重，并不适合进入课堂，所以发明一种易于拆卸、方便携带的桁架结构模型以研究结构力学中影响线的相关理论，尤为重要。
 技术问题
为改变目前结构力学课堂教学中缺乏影响线实验演示环节的现状，发明一种便携桁架结构实验装置，该装置结构简单、装卸方便、可重复利用、测量结果准确、可同步至大屏幕并直接得到结构影响线，能够实现结构力学影响线教学内容的课堂演示。通过实验，使学生们更加准确理解结构力学影响线相关理论。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种便携式桁架结构实验装置，包括基础框架1、可拆卸横梁2、定位支杆3、滑道4、铰支座5、桁架结构、反光板13、测量设备和采集设备。所述的基础框架1依靠其自重保证整个装置的稳定；可拆卸横梁2共两根，每根可拆卸横梁2上均连接一根定位支杆3，定位支杆3与基础框架1底座垂直，两根可拆卸横梁2分别与基础框架1的两根立柱垂直；滑道4固定在其中一根可拆卸横梁2上；铰支座5共两个，分别固定于另一根可拆卸横梁2和滑道4上，两个铰支座5位于同一水平线上；桁架结构包括定长杆件、可伸缩杆件和铰结点6，定长杆件由一对钢片7组合构成，保证模型的空间稳定性；可伸缩杆件由调节螺杆9、刻度盘10、指针14、两个夹紧装置8和两对钢片7构成，可伸缩杆件的每对钢片7通过一个夹紧装置8固定成一个整体，调节螺杆9两端与两个夹紧装置8连接，指针14固定于夹紧装置8上，刻度盘10固定于调节螺杆9上，转动调节螺杆9即可调节杆件长度，并可读出调节螺杆9的转动角度，进而推算出杆件长度的变化量；所有的定长杆件及可伸缩杆件之间通过铰结点6相连成一个整体，每个铰结点6上均固定一个反光板13，用以反射激光位移计11发射的激光；测量设备为激光位移计11，用于测量模型各点的位移；采集设备为多模结构参量遥测系统终端，采集模型各点位移；所述的激光位移计11通过支撑板12固定于基础框架1的横梁和底座上，分别与铰结点6的位置竖向对齐，用于测量模型铰结点6的位移；采集设备为多模结构参量遥测系统终端，采集模型各点位移。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：按照本发明制造的便携式桁架结构实验装置集方便和科学于一身，既能进行真实实验，又能即时将实验结果进行处理，十分适宜在时间有限的课堂上进行演示；同时，该实验操作简单，便于新手学习，十分适合学生动手操作。
 附图说明
图1是本发明便携式桁架结构实验装置主视图。
图2是本发明便携式桁架结构实验装置侧视图。
图3是本发明便携式桁架结构实验装置俯视图。
图中：1基础框架，2可拆卸横梁，3定位支杆，4滑道，5铰支座，6铰结点，7钢片，8夹紧装置，9调节螺杆，10刻度盘，11激光位移计，12支撑板，13反光板，14指针。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
本发明：一种便携式桁架结构实验装置，由基础框架1、两根可拆卸横梁2、两根定位支杆3、一个滑道4、两个铰支座5、十根定长杆件、三根可伸缩杆件、六个铰结点6、六个反光板13、测量设备和采集设备组成。
设备的具体安装方式如下：
图1是本发明便携式桁架结构实验装置主视图；图2是本发明便携式桁架结构实验装置侧视图；图3是本发明便携式桁架结构实验装置俯视图。
如图1、图2和图3所示，基础框架1依靠其自重保证整个装置的稳定；两根可拆卸横梁2通过各自的定位支杆3分别固定在基础框架1的两根立柱和底座上，其中定位支杆3与基础框架1底座垂直，两根可拆卸横梁2分别与基础框架1的两根立柱垂直；滑道4固定在长的可拆卸横梁2上；两个铰支座5分别固定于短的可拆卸横梁2和滑道4上。
十根定长杆件每根均由一对钢片7组合构成，保证模型的空间稳定性；三根可伸缩杆件均由两对钢片7、两个夹紧装置8、调节螺杆9、指针14刻度盘10构成，每对钢片7通过一个夹紧8装置固定成一个整体，调节螺杆9两端与两个夹紧装置8连接，指针14固定于夹紧装置8上，刻度盘10固定于调节螺杆9上，转动调节螺杆9即可调节杆件长度，并可读出转动角度，进而推算出杆件长度的变化量，调节螺杆9每转动60°，杆件长度变化0.5mm。
所有杆件通过六个铰结点6和两个铰支座5相连成一个整体，每个铰结点6上均固定一个反光板13，用以反射激光位移计11发射的激光；六个激光位移计11通过支撑板12固定于基础框架1的横梁和底座上，分别与六个铰结点6的位置竖向对齐，用于测量模型铰结点6的位移；采集设备为多模结构参量遥测系统终端，采集模型各点位移。
如图1所示，定长杆件中，有六根短杆，三根中长杆，二者分别为等腰直角三角形的直角边和斜边，一根长杆，长度为短杆的两倍；所述的可伸缩杆件中，有两根短杆，一根中长杆，装配之前需调整其初始状态的长度与相应的定长杆件相同。
机动法作桁架结构影响线实验步骤：
第一步，按照上述方式安装该便携式桁架结构实验装置，接通激光位移计11和多模结构参量遥测系统终端电源，并对三根可伸缩杆件进行标号，横杆为1号杆件，竖杆为2号杆件，斜杆为3号杆件。
第二步，保持2、3号杆件长度不变，转动调节螺杆9使1号杆件伸长，进行预加载，并对多模结构参量遥测系统终端进行平衡清零。
第三步，保持2、3号杆件长度不变，转动调节螺杆9使1号杆件伸长，每级转动60°，两级加载至少间隔5秒，保证激光位移计数据稳定，采集位移数据。
第四步，对采集的数据进行后处理，可得1号杆件的影响线。
第五步，卸载，保持2、3号杆件长度不变，反向转动调节螺杆9，将模型恢复至加载前的状态。
第六步，保持1、3号杆件长度不变，重复第二至五步。
第七步，保持1、2号杆件长度不变，重复第二至五步。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种便携式桁架结构实验装置，其特征在于，包括基础框架（1）、可拆卸横梁（2）、定位支杆（3）、滑道（4）、铰支座（5）、桁架结构、反光板（13）、测量设备和采集设备；所述的基础框架（1）依靠其自重保证整个装置的稳定；可拆卸横梁（2）共两根，每根可拆卸横梁（2）上均连接一根定位支杆（3），定位支杆（3）与基础框架（1）底座垂直，两根可拆卸横梁（2）分别与基础框架（1）的两根立柱垂直；滑道（4）固定在其中一根可拆卸横梁（2）上；铰支座（5）共两个，分别固定于另一根可拆卸横梁（2）和滑道（4）上，两个铰支座（5）位于同一水平线上；桁架结构包括定长杆件、可伸缩杆件和铰结点（6），定长杆件由一对钢片（7）组合构成，保证模型的空间稳定性；可伸缩杆件由调节螺杆（9）、刻度盘（10）、指针（14）、两个夹紧装置（8）和两对钢片（7）构成，可伸缩杆件的每对钢片（7）通过一个夹紧装置（8）固定成一个整体，调节螺杆（9）两端与两个夹紧装置（8）连接，指针（14）固定于夹紧装置（8）上，刻度盘（10）固定于调节螺杆（9）上，转动调节螺杆（9）即可调节杆件长度，并可读出调节螺杆（9）的转动角度，进而推算出杆件长度的变化量；所有的定长杆件及可伸缩杆件之间通过铰结点（6）相连成一个整体，每个铰结点（6）上均固定一个反光板（13），用以反射激光位移计（11）发射的激光；测量设备为激光位移计（11），用于测量模型各点的位移；采集设备为多模结构参量遥测系统终端，采集模型各点位移；所述的激光位移计（11）通过支撑板（12）固定于基础框架（1）的横梁和底座上，分别与铰结点（6）的位置竖向对齐，用于测量模型铰结点（6）的位移；采集设备为多模结构参量遥测系统终端，采集模型各点位移。
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