WO2021233720A1 - Method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large housing and the exterior environment thereof - Google Patents

Method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large housing and the exterior environment thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021233720A1
WO2021233720A1 PCT/EP2021/062325 EP2021062325W WO2021233720A1 WO 2021233720 A1 WO2021233720 A1 WO 2021233720A1 EP 2021062325 W EP2021062325 W EP 2021062325W WO 2021233720 A1 WO2021233720 A1 WO 2021233720A1
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Prior art keywords
housing
gas
concentration
measurement
gas concentration
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PCT/EP2021/062325
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Silvio Decker
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Inficon Gmbh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
    • G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/3236—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large housing, such as. B. the space of a building, and the external environment of the housing.
  • a large housing is understood to mean a housing with an internal volume of several square meters.
  • Such housings or rooms in a building are typically filled with air and are surrounded by air on the outside.
  • a leak in the housing can be detected on the basis of the gas exchange determined.
  • Classic leak detection methods are based on the detection of test gas that flows into the housing or flows out of the housing on the basis of a pressure difference between the internal pressure within the housing and the pressure surrounding the housing outside.
  • the generation of such a pressure difference is technically complex and impractical for large volumes of several square meters.
  • the structure of the rooms in a building does not allow sufficient pressurization.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large hous ses, which encloses an internal volume of several square meters, and its external environment.
  • the housing to be tested according to the invention encloses a large air-filled volume in the interior of the housing of several square meters and is also surrounded by air on the outside.
  • the housing can be the space of a building.
  • the concentration of a test gas within the housing is first increased.
  • the test gas is distributed in the housing.
  • the concentration of a measurement gas within the housing is then measured or determined.
  • the measurement gas can be the test gas or a gas component of air that differs from the test gas.
  • the change in the measurement gas concentration over time is determined and observed in order to deduce the gas exchange between the interior of the housing and its external environment based on the change in the measurement gas concentration over time.
  • the process can also be used to detect a leak in the building.
  • test gas concentration By introducing a test gas such as helium or oxygen into the interior of the housing, the test gas concentration can be increased. By distributing the test gas, an almost homogeneous test gas concentration in generated in the housing. If the test gas escapes from the housing through a leak in the housing, the test gas concentration drops. If the test gas is the test gas, the drop in the test gas concentration or the test gas concentration within the housing can be seen as an indication of a leak. If the sample gas is a gas component of air, an increase in the sample gas concentration can be viewed as an indication of a leak, because the concentration increases due to the escape of air and test gas through a leak and the simultaneous flow of air into the interior of the housing of the measured gas component of air increases.
  • a test gas such as helium or oxygen
  • the test gas is preferably a light gas, the gas density of which is lower than that of air, so that the test gas is distributed evenly and quickly within the housing.
  • the test gas can be distributed through natural convection in the volume.
  • light gases offer the advantage that, due to the higher diffusion speed than air, the concentration within the housing is evenly distributed in a comparatively short time.
  • the distribution of the test gas can be accelerated by actively swirling the test gas and the air in the housing, for example using a fan.
  • the concentration of the measurement gas is also referred to below as "Raumluftkon concentration”.
  • the indoor air concentration CR as a function of the time CR (t) with an air exchange S that is constant over time and the room volume V results from the distribution of the test gas as:
  • the air exchange S can be determined either by adapting the exponential function or by calculation from the measurement of two concentrations at time ti and t2:
  • the leakage rate Q can be determined from the air exchange S by multiplying the air exchange S [l / s] by the pressure [mbar], for example atmospheric pressure of 1000 mbar. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a leak is considered to be detected as soon as the change in the measurement gas concentration over time exceeds a threshold value. This threshold value can be around 1 m 3 / s. In particular, the change in the measurement gas concentration over time the leak rate can be determined by taking into account the proportionality between the change in concentration over time and the leak rate.
  • the sample gas concentration is measured inside the housing, while conventional, classic leak detection methods when the test gas concentration is increased inside the object to be tested measure the concentration outside the object and not inside it.
  • An active pressurization of the interior of the housing takes place according to the invention not or only to an insignificant extent, so that the pressure within the housing during the measurement is only a few millibars, for example less than 10 mbar, from the pressure in the atmosphere surrounding the housing should give way.
  • z. B. at least 0.5 and preferably at least 1 minute per cubic meter of space until the measurement of the measurement gas concentration is started.
  • the measurement of the sample gas concentration should be carried out within a period of several minutes, e.g. B. at least 5 and preferably at least 10 minutes, in order to obtain a meaningful result.
  • Mes sen the measurement gas concentration in the housing is also meant the case that the gas concentration is not directly, but only indirectly z. B. is determined via a Par tial horrmessage.
  • the partial pressure of the test gas can be measured in a conventional manner, for. B. using a mass spectrometer.
  • the concentration of the measuring gas is then determined by the quotient of the partial pressure and the total pressure inside the housing. If the test gas is the test gas, increasing the test gas concentration also increases the test gas concentration.
  • the measurement gas concentration can also be reduced by measuring a gas component of air that is different from the test gas as the measurement gas.
  • nitrogen can be used as test gas, for example, so that the nitrogen concentration is increased by introducing nitrogen into the interior of the housing.
  • a gas component of air different from the test gas can then be used as the measurement gas, such as. B. helium or hydrogen. In this case, the introduction of the test gas decreases the measurement gas concentration inside the housing.
  • the inventive method can also be applied to the air exchange of rooms in a building, for. B. through targeted ventilation or air conditioning to determine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the components for
  • Figure 2 shows a time course of the measured concentration
  • the housing 12 is a room in a building.
  • the room wall 14 encloses a volume 16 in the interior of the room. Air escapes from the housing 12 through a leak 18 in the housing wall 14, both inside and outside of the housing 12 Environment 20 contains air. Both in the interior of the housing 12 and in its external environment 20 there is an atmospheric pressure of approx. 1000 mbar.
  • Test gas in the form of helium is injected into the interior of the housing 12 from a test gas source 22, which can be a gas cylinder in which test gas is contained at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
  • the test gas is swirled with the aid of a fan 24 and distributed evenly in the housing 12.
  • the concentration of a measurement gas in the interior of the housing 12 is measured with a gas detector 26.
  • the test gas that is to say helium, is measured as the measurement gas.
  • the time course of the measured gas concentration CR (t) over time t is shown in FIG.
  • the helium concentration is measured at times ti and t2 and the change over time is determined from the measured concentration values.
  • the change in the measurement gas concentration over time is that the measurement gas concentration at the later point in time t2 is lower than at the earlier point in time ti.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a housing (12), such as the room of a building, and the exterior environment thereof, the housing (12) enclosing a large, air-filled volume (16) and being surrounded externally by air, said method having the steps: • increasing the concentration of a test gas in the housing (12), • distributing the test gas within the housing (12), • determining the concentration of a measurement gas within the housing (12), the measurement gas being the test gas or a gas constituent of air which differs from the test gas, and • determining the change over time in the concentration of the measurement gas.

Description

Verfahren zur Erfassung des Gasaustausches zwischen dem Inneren eines gro ßen Gehäuses und dessen äußerer Umgebung Method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large housing and its external environment
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erfassung des Gasaustausches zwischen dem Inneren eines großen Gehäuses, wie z. B. dem Raum eines Gebäudes, und der äußeren Umgebung des Gehäuses. Vorliegend wird unter einem großen Ge häuse ein Gehäuse mit einem Innenvolumen von mehreren Qubikmetern ver standen. Derartige Gehäuse oder Räume eines Gebäudes sind typischerweise mit Luft gefüllt und werden außen von Luft umgeben. Anhand des ermittelten Gasaustausches kann beispielsweise ein Leck in dem Gehäuse erkannt werden. The invention relates to a method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large housing, such as. B. the space of a building, and the external environment of the housing. In the present case, a large housing is understood to mean a housing with an internal volume of several square meters. Such housings or rooms in a building are typically filled with air and are surrounded by air on the outside. A leak in the housing, for example, can be detected on the basis of the gas exchange determined.
Klassische Lecksuchverfahren basieren auf dem Detektieren von Prüfgas, wel ches in das Gehäuse hineinströmt oder aus dem Gehäuse herausströmt, auf grund einer Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Innendruck innerhalb des Gehäuses und dem das Gehäuse außen umgebenden Druck. Das Erzeugen einer derarti gen Druckdifferenz ist bei großen Volumina von mehreren Qubikmetern tech nisch aufwendig und unpraktikabel. Bei Räumen eines Gebäudes gestattet deren Struktur keine ausreichende Druckbeaufschlagung. Classic leak detection methods are based on the detection of test gas that flows into the housing or flows out of the housing on the basis of a pressure difference between the internal pressure within the housing and the pressure surrounding the housing outside. The generation of such a pressure difference is technically complex and impractical for large volumes of several square meters. The structure of the rooms in a building does not allow sufficient pressurization.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Erfassung des Gasaustausches zwischen dem Inneren eines großen Gehäu ses, welches ein Innenvolumen von mehreren Qubikmetern umschließt, und dessen äußerer Umgebung zu schaffen. Against this background, the invention is based on the object of providing a method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a large hous ses, which encloses an internal volume of several square meters, and its external environment.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird definiert durch die Merkmale von Pa tentanspruch 1. The method according to the invention is defined by the features of patent claim 1.
Das erfindungsgemäß zu prüfende Gehäuse umschließt ein großes luftgefülltes Volumen in dem Innenraum des Gehäuses von mehreren Qubikmetern und ist außen ebenfalls von Luft umgeben. Bei dem Gehäuse kann es sich um den Raum eines Gebäudes handeln. The housing to be tested according to the invention encloses a large air-filled volume in the interior of the housing of several square meters and is also surrounded by air on the outside. The housing can be the space of a building.
Erfindungsgemäß wird zunächst die Konzentration eines Prüfgases innerhalb des Gehäuses erhöht. Das Prüfgas wird in dem Gehäuse verteilt. Anschließend wird die Konzentration eines Messgases innerhalb des Gehäuses gemessen oder be stimmt. Das Messgas kann das Prüfgas sein oder ein von dem Prüfgas verschie dener Gasbestandteil von Luft. Erfindungsgemäß wird die zeitliche Veränderung der Messgaskonzentration ermittelt und beobachtet, um anhand der zeitlichen Veränderung der Messgaskonzentration auf den Gasaustausch zwischen dem Innenraum des Gehäuses und dessen äußerer Umgebung zu schließen. Das Ver fahren kann auch dazu dienen, ein Leck in dem Gebäude zu erkennen. According to the invention, the concentration of a test gas within the housing is first increased. The test gas is distributed in the housing. The concentration of a measurement gas within the housing is then measured or determined. The measurement gas can be the test gas or a gas component of air that differs from the test gas. According to the invention, the change in the measurement gas concentration over time is determined and observed in order to deduce the gas exchange between the interior of the housing and its external environment based on the change in the measurement gas concentration over time. The process can also be used to detect a leak in the building.
Durch Einbringen eines Prüfgases wie zum Beispiel Helium oder Sauerstoff in das Innere des Gehäuses kann die Prüfgaskonzentration erhöht werden. Durch Verteilen des Prüfgases wird eine annähernd homogene Prüfgaskonzentration in dem Gehäuse erzeugt. Wenn das Prüfgas durch ein Leck in dem Gehäuse aus dem Gehäuse entweicht, sinkt die Prüfgaskonzentration. Wenn es sich bei dem Messgas um das Prüfgas handelt, kann das Absinken der Messgaskonzentration beziehungsweise der Prüfgaskonzentration innerhalb des Gehäuses als Hinweis auf ein Leck gesehen werden. Wenn es sich bei dem Messgas um einen Gasbe standteil von Luft handelt, kann ein Ansteigen der Messgaskonzentration als Hinweis auf ein Leck angesehen werden, weil durch Entweichen von Luft und Prüfgas durch ein Leck und durch gleichzeitiges Nachströmen von Luft in das Innere des Gehäuses die Konzentration des gemessenen Gasbestandteils von Luft steigt. By introducing a test gas such as helium or oxygen into the interior of the housing, the test gas concentration can be increased. By distributing the test gas, an almost homogeneous test gas concentration in generated in the housing. If the test gas escapes from the housing through a leak in the housing, the test gas concentration drops. If the test gas is the test gas, the drop in the test gas concentration or the test gas concentration within the housing can be seen as an indication of a leak. If the sample gas is a gas component of air, an increase in the sample gas concentration can be viewed as an indication of a leak, because the concentration increases due to the escape of air and test gas through a leak and the simultaneous flow of air into the interior of the housing of the measured gas component of air increases.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich beim dem Prüfgas um ein leichtes Gas, dessen Gasdichte geringer als diejenige von Luft ist, damit sich das Prüfgas gleichmäßig und schnell innerhalb des Gehäuses verteilt. Das Verteilen des Prüfgases kann durch natürliche Konvektion in dem Volumen erfolgen. Zudem bieten leichte Gase den Vorteil, dass aufgrund der gegenüber Luft höheren Diffusionsge schwindigkeit eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Konzentration innerhalb des Ge häuses in vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit erfolgt. Das Verteilen des Prüfgases kann beschleunigt werden, in dem das Prüfgas und die Luft in dem Gehäuse aktiv verwirbelt werden, beispielsweise unter Verwendung eines Ventilators. The test gas is preferably a light gas, the gas density of which is lower than that of air, so that the test gas is distributed evenly and quickly within the housing. The test gas can be distributed through natural convection in the volume. In addition, light gases offer the advantage that, due to the higher diffusion speed than air, the concentration within the housing is evenly distributed in a comparatively short time. The distribution of the test gas can be accelerated by actively swirling the test gas and the air in the housing, for example using a fan.
Im Falle einer Leckage zwischen dem untersuchten Volumen und der äußeren Umgebung des Gehäuses erfolgt zwischen dem Inneren des Gehäuses und des sen äußerer Umgebung ein Luftaustausch. Dieser Luftaustausch erfolgt durch Konvektion, durch geringe Druckunterschiede oder auch aufgrund von Konzent rationsunterschieden des Prüfgases innerhalb der Luft zwischen dem Gehäuse inneren und dessen äußerer Umgebung wodurch das Prüfgas durch ein Leck in die äußere Umgebung diffundiert. Der Luftaustausch zwischen dem Inneren des Gehäuses und dessen äußerer Umgebung verändert die Prüfgaskonzentration und auch die Konzentration des Messgases in dem Gehäuse. Die zeitliche Ände rung der Konzentration ist dabei proportional zum Luftaustausch und damit pro portional zur Leckage des Gehäuses. In the event of a leak between the examined volume and the external environment of the housing, an exchange of air takes place between the interior of the housing and its external environment. This air exchange takes place through convection, through small pressure differences or also due to differences in concentration of the test gas within the air between the inside of the housing and its external environment, whereby the test gas diffuses through a leak into the external environment. The exchange of air between the interior of the housing and its external environment changes the test gas concentration and also the concentration of the measurement gas in the housing. The change in concentration over time is proportional to the air exchange and thus proportional to the leakage of the housing.
Die Konzentration des Messgases, wird im Folgenden auch als "Raumluftkon zentration" bezeichnet. The concentration of the measurement gas is also referred to below as "Raumluftkon concentration".
Die Raumluftkonzentration CR als Funktion der Zeit CR(t) bei einem zeitlich kon stanten Luftaustausch S und dem Raumvolumen V ergibt sich nach der Vertei lung des Prüfgases zu: The indoor air concentration CR as a function of the time CR (t) with an air exchange S that is constant over time and the room volume V results from the distribution of the test gas as:
CR(t) = C+ X e~v f + C0 C R (t) = C + X e ~ v f + C 0
Co ist die Raumluftkonzentration der Umgebung und damit die Gleichgewichts konzentration und C+ die Konzentrationserhöhung gegenüber der Umgebung zum Zeitpunkt t=0s der Messung. Co is the indoor air concentration of the environment and thus the equilibrium concentration and C + is the increase in concentration compared to the environment at time t = 0s of the measurement.
Der Luftaustausch S kann entweder durch Anpassen der Exponentialfunktion oder rechnerisch aus der Messung zweier Konzentrationen zum Zeitpunkt ti und t2 bestimmt werden:
Figure imgf000006_0001
The air exchange S can be determined either by adapting the exponential function or by calculation from the measurement of two concentrations at time ti and t2:
Figure imgf000006_0001
Aus dem Luftaustausch S kann die Leckrate Q ermittelt werden, indem der Luft austausch S [l/s] mit dem Druck [mbar] , beispielsweise atmosphärischer Druck von 1000 mbar, multipliziert wird. Des Weiteren ist denkbar, dass ein Leck als detektiert gilt, sobald die zeitliche Veränderung der Messgaskonzentration einen Schwellenwert übersteigt. Dieser Schwellenwert kann etwa 1 m3/s betragen. Insbesondere kann aus der zeitlichen Veränderung der Messgaskonzentration die Leckrate ermittelt werden, indem die Proportionalität zwischen der zeitlichen Veränderung der Konzentration und der Leckrate berücksichtigt wird. The leakage rate Q can be determined from the air exchange S by multiplying the air exchange S [l / s] by the pressure [mbar], for example atmospheric pressure of 1000 mbar. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a leak is considered to be detected as soon as the change in the measurement gas concentration over time exceeds a threshold value. This threshold value can be around 1 m 3 / s. In particular, the change in the measurement gas concentration over time the leak rate can be determined by taking into account the proportionality between the change in concentration over time and the leak rate.
Die Messgaskonzentration wird innerhalb des Gehäuses gemessen, während herkömmliche, klassische Lecksuchverfahren bei Erhöhen der Prüfgaskonzent ration innerhalb des zu prüfenden Objekts die Konzentration außerhalb des Ob jekts messen und nicht innerhalb. The sample gas concentration is measured inside the housing, while conventional, classic leak detection methods when the test gas concentration is increased inside the object to be tested measure the concentration outside the object and not inside it.
Eine aktive Druckbeaufschlagung des Inneren des Gehäuses erfolgt erfindungs gemäß nicht oder nur in einem unwesentlichen Maß, so dass der Druck innerhalb des Gehäuses während der Messung nur um wenige Millibar, z.B. um weniger als 10 mbar, von dem Druck in der das Gehäuse umgebenden Atmosphäre ab weichen sollte. Vorteilhafterweise herrscht innerhalb des Gehäuses und in der das Gehäuse umgebenden Atmosphäre jeweils annähernd Atmosphärendruck. An active pressurization of the interior of the housing takes place according to the invention not or only to an insignificant extent, so that the pressure within the housing during the measurement is only a few millibars, for example less than 10 mbar, from the pressure in the atmosphere surrounding the housing should give way. Advantageously, there is approximately atmospheric pressure in each case within the housing and in the atmosphere surrounding the housing.
Nach dem Erhöhen der Prüfgaskonzentration beziehungsweise nach dem Been den des Einbringens von zusätzlichem Prüfgas sollte einige Minuten gewartet werden, z. B. mindestens 0,5 und bevorzugt mindestens 1 Minuten pro Kubik meter Raum, bis mit der Messung der Messgaskonzentration begonnen wird. Die Messung der Messgaskonzentration sollte innerhalb eines Zeitraums von mehreren Minuten, z. B. mindestens 5 und bevorzugt mindestens 10 Minuten, erfolgen, um ein aussagekräftiges Ergebnis zu erhalten. Mit dem Begriff "Mes sen" der Messgaskonzentration in dem Gehäuse ist auch der Fall gemeint, dass die Gaskonzentration nicht direkt, sondern lediglich indirekt z. B. über eine Par tialdruckmessung bestimmt wird. Dabei kann der Partialdruckanteil des Prüfga ses auf herkömmliche Weise gemessen werden, z. B. mit Hilfe eines Massen spektrometers. Die Konzentration des Messgases wird dann durch den Quotien ten aus dem Partialdruck und dem Totaldruck innerhalb des Gehäuses be stimmt. Wenn es sich bei dem Messgas um das Prüfgas handelt, wird durch Erhöhen der Prüfgaskonzentration auch die Messgaskonzentration erhöht. Alternativ kann die Messgaskonzentration auch abgesenkt werden, indem als Messgas ein von dem Prüfgas verschiedener Gasbestandteil von Luft gemessen wird. Hierzu kann als Prüfgas beispielsweise Stickstoff verwendet werden, so dass durch Einbrin gung von Stickstoff in das Innere des Gehäuses die Stickstoffkonzentration er höht wird. Als Messgas kann dann ein von dem Prüfgas verschiedener Gasbe standteil von Luft verwendet werden, wie z. B. Helium oder Wasserstoff. Durch Einbringen des Prüfgases sinkt in dem Fall die Messgaskonzentration innerhalb des Gehäuses. Dies kann vor allem bei Helium von Vorteil sein, da die Luft in der äußeren Umgebung eine stabile Heliumkonzentration von circa 5 ppm be reitstellt. Vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass mit vergleichsweise günstigen Gasen, wie z. B. Stickstoff, als Prüfgas die Messgaskonzentration gesenkt werden kann. After increasing the test gas concentration or after the end of the introduction of additional test gas, you should wait a few minutes, z. B. at least 0.5 and preferably at least 1 minute per cubic meter of space until the measurement of the measurement gas concentration is started. The measurement of the sample gas concentration should be carried out within a period of several minutes, e.g. B. at least 5 and preferably at least 10 minutes, in order to obtain a meaningful result. With the term "Mes sen" the measurement gas concentration in the housing is also meant the case that the gas concentration is not directly, but only indirectly z. B. is determined via a Par tialdruckmessage. The partial pressure of the test gas can be measured in a conventional manner, for. B. using a mass spectrometer. The concentration of the measuring gas is then determined by the quotient of the partial pressure and the total pressure inside the housing. If the test gas is the test gas, increasing the test gas concentration also increases the test gas concentration. Alternatively, the measurement gas concentration can also be reduced by measuring a gas component of air that is different from the test gas as the measurement gas. For this purpose, nitrogen can be used as test gas, for example, so that the nitrogen concentration is increased by introducing nitrogen into the interior of the housing. A gas component of air different from the test gas can then be used as the measurement gas, such as. B. helium or hydrogen. In this case, the introduction of the test gas decreases the measurement gas concentration inside the housing. This can be of particular advantage with helium, as the air in the external environment provides a stable helium concentration of around 5 ppm. The advantage here is that with comparatively cheap gases, such as. B. nitrogen, as a test gas, the sample gas concentration can be reduced.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann auch angewendet werden, um den Luft austausch von Räumen eines Gebäudes, z. B. durch gezielte Belüftung oder durch Klimatisierung, zu ermitteln. The inventive method can also be applied to the air exchange of rooms in a building, for. B. through targeted ventilation or air conditioning to determine.
Im Folgenden wird anhand der Figuren ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten zurFigure 1 is a schematic representation of the components for
Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und Implementation of the method according to the invention and
Figur 2 einen zeitlichen Verlauf der gemessenen Konzentration desFigure 2 shows a time course of the measured concentration of
Messgases. Measuring gas.
Bei dem Gehäuse 12 handelt es sich in dem Ausführungsbeispiel um einen Raum eines Gebäudes. Die Raumwand 14 umschließt dabei ein Volumen 16 im Inneren des Raumes. Durch ein Leck 18 in der Gehäusewand 14 entweicht Luft aus dem Gehäuse 12. Sowohl im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 als auch in dessen äußerer Umgebung 20 ist Luft enthalten. Sowohl im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 als auch in dessen äußerer Umgebung 20 herrscht dabei atmosphärischer Druck von ca. 1000 mbar. In the exemplary embodiment, the housing 12 is a room in a building. The room wall 14 encloses a volume 16 in the interior of the room. Air escapes from the housing 12 through a leak 18 in the housing wall 14, both inside and outside of the housing 12 Environment 20 contains air. Both in the interior of the housing 12 and in its external environment 20 there is an atmospheric pressure of approx. 1000 mbar.
Aus einer Prüfgasquelle 22, bei der es sich um eine Gasflasche handeln kann, in der Prüfgas mit einem höheren Druck als atmosphärischer Druck enthalten ist, wird Prüfgas in Form von Helium in das Innere des Gehäuses 12 eingebraucht. Das Prüfgas wird mit Hilfe eines Ventilators 24 verwirbelt und gleichmäßig in dem Gehäuse 12 verteilt. Mit einem Gasdetektor 26 wird die Konzentration eines Messgases im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 gemessen. Als Messgas wird bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel das Prüfgas, also Helium, gemessen. Der zeit liche Verlauf der gemessenen Messgaskonzentration CR(t) über der Zeit t ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. Test gas in the form of helium is injected into the interior of the housing 12 from a test gas source 22, which can be a gas cylinder in which test gas is contained at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. The test gas is swirled with the aid of a fan 24 and distributed evenly in the housing 12. The concentration of a measurement gas in the interior of the housing 12 is measured with a gas detector 26. In the present exemplary embodiment, the test gas, that is to say helium, is measured as the measurement gas. The time course of the measured gas concentration CR (t) over time t is shown in FIG.
Zu einem Zeitpunkt to wird mit dem Erhöhen der Prüfgaskonzentration begon nen, in dem Helium aus der Prüfgasquelle 22 in das Gehäuse 12 eingebracht wird. Die Heliumkonzentration steigt somit ab dem Zeitpunkt to gleichmäßig und kontinuierlich bis zum Beenden des Einbringens von Helium. Die Heliumkon zentration am Sensor erreicht dann einen Maximalwert und fällt aufgrund des Lecks 18 in der Gehäusewand 14 anschließend kontinuierlich gleichmäßig ab, weil durch das Leck 18 Luft und Prüfgas in die äußere Umgebung 20 ausströ men, während Luft ohne Prüfgas in das Innere des Gehäuses 12 nachströmt. Die Messgaskonzentration wird zu den Zeitpunkten ti und t2 gemessen und aus den gemessenen Konzentrationswerten die zeitliche Veränderung bestimmt. Die zeitliche Veränderung der Messgaskonzentration besteht darin, dass die Mess gaskonzentration zum späteren Zeitpunkt t2 geringer ist als zum früheren Zeit punkt ti. Aus der Steigung der Geraden des Messsignals CR kann anschließend auf den Gasaustausch S und anhand des (atmosphärischen) Drucks P auf die Leckrate Q = S P geschlossen werden, z. B. anhand der zuvor angegebenen Formel. At a point in time to the increase in the test gas concentration is begun by introducing helium from the test gas source 22 into the housing 12. The helium concentration thus rises evenly and continuously from time to until the end of the introduction of helium. The helium concentration at the sensor then reaches a maximum value and then falls continuously and evenly due to the leak 18 in the housing wall 14, because air and test gas flow into the external environment 20 through the leak 18, while air without test gas into the interior of the housing 12 flows in. The measurement gas concentration is measured at times ti and t2 and the change over time is determined from the measured concentration values. The change in the measurement gas concentration over time is that the measurement gas concentration at the later point in time t2 is lower than at the earlier point in time ti. The gradient of the straight line of the measurement signal CR can then be used to infer the gas exchange S and, based on the (atmospheric) pressure P, the leakage rate Q = S P, e.g. B. using the formula given above.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Verfahren zur Erfassung des Gasaustausches zwischen dem Inneren ei nes Gehäuses (12), wie z. B. dem Raum eines Gebäudes, und dessen äußerer Umgebung, wobei das Gehäuse (12) ein großes luftgefülltes Vo lumen (16) umschließt und außen von Luft umgeben ist, mit den Schrit ten: 1. A method for detecting the gas exchange between the interior of a housing (12), such as. B. the room of a building, and its external environment, wherein the housing (12) encloses a large air-filled volume Vo (16) and is surrounded by air outside, with the steps:
• Erhöhen der Konzentration eines Prüfgases in dem Gehäuse (12), • increasing the concentration of a test gas in the housing (12),
• Verteilen des Prüfgases in dem Gehäuse (12), • Distribution of the test gas in the housing (12),
• Bestimmen der Konzentration eines Messgases in dem Gehäuse (12), wobei das Messgas das Prüfgas oder ein von dem Prüfgas ver schiedener Gasbestandteil von Luft ist und • Determining the concentration of a measurement gas in the housing (12), the measurement gas being the test gas or a gas component of air that is different from the test gas and
• Ermitteln der zeitlichen Veränderung der Konzentration des Mess gases. • Determining the change in the concentration of the measuring gas over time.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfah ren zur Leckdetektion an dem Gehäuse verwendet wird und ein Leck (18) als detektiert gilt, sobald die zeitliche Veränderung der Messgas konzentration einen Schwellenwert übersteigt. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the procedural Ren is used for leak detection on the housing and a leak (18) is considered to be detected as soon as the change in the measurement gas concentration over time exceeds a threshold value.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass aus der zeitlichen Veränderung der Messgaskonzentration die Leckrate ermittelt wird. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the leak rate is determined from the change in the measurement gas concentration over time.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass der Gasaustausch S als
Figure imgf000011_0001
wobei V das Volumen (16), CR die Messgaskonzentration innerhalb der Raumluft, Co die Messgaskonzentration in der das Gehäuse (12) umge benden Atmosphäre und ti und t2 die Zeitpunkte der Messung der Mess gaskonzentration sind. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas exchange S as
Figure imgf000011_0001
where V is the volume (16), CR is the measurement gas concentration within the room air, Co is the measurement gas concentration in the atmosphere surrounding the housing (12) and ti and t2 are the times at which the measurement gas concentration was measured.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass die Messgaskonzentration durch Messen des Partialdruck anteils und durch anschließende Quotientenbildung aus dem gemesse nen Partiadruck und dem Totaldruck innerhalb des Gehäuses (12) ge messen wird. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement gas concentration is measured by measuring the partial pressure portion and by subsequent formation of a quotient from the measured partial pressure and the total pressure within the housing (12).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass das Messgas Helium oder Wasserstoff ist. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement gas is helium or hydrogen.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass das Prüfgas Helium, Wasserstoff oder Stickstoff ist. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test gas is helium, hydrogen or nitrogen.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass das Messen der Messgaskonzentration innerhalb des Ge häuses (12) erfolgt. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring gas concentration is measured within the Ge housing (12).
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass der Druck innerhalb des Gehäuses (12) während des Mes sens der Messgaskonzentration um maximal wenige Millibar, z.B. um max. 10 mbar, von dem Druck in der das Gehäuse (12) umgebenden Atmosphäre abweicht. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure within the housing (12) during the measurement of the measurement gas concentration by a maximum of a few millibars, e.g. by a maximum of 10 mbar, from the pressure in which the housing (12) surrounding atmosphere differs.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass innerhalb des Gehäuses (12) und in der das Gehäuse (12) umgebenden Atmosphäre jeweils annähernd Atmosphärendruck herrscht. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within the housing (12) and in which the housing (12) surrounding atmosphere is approximately atmospheric pressure.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass das Messen der Messgaskonzentration während eines Zeitraums von mindestens 5 und bevorzugt mindestens 10 Minuten er folgt. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measurement gas concentration is measured for a period of at least 5 and preferably at least 10 minutes.
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass das Messen der Messgaskonzentration mindestens 5 und bevorzugt mindestens 10 Minuten nach dem Erhöhen der Prüfgaskon zentration erfolgt. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring gas concentration is measured at least 5 and preferably at least 10 minutes after the test gas concentration has been increased.
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