WO2021229273A1 - Building envelope and process for its assembling - Google Patents

Building envelope and process for its assembling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021229273A1
WO2021229273A1 PCT/IB2020/054563 IB2020054563W WO2021229273A1 WO 2021229273 A1 WO2021229273 A1 WO 2021229273A1 IB 2020054563 W IB2020054563 W IB 2020054563W WO 2021229273 A1 WO2021229273 A1 WO 2021229273A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panel
panels
extending
mortise
tenon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/054563
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Viviane CARDOEN
Elise BOURCY
Original Assignee
Arcelormittal
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcelormittal filed Critical Arcelormittal
Priority to PCT/IB2020/054563 priority Critical patent/WO2021229273A1/en
Publication of WO2021229273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021229273A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E04F13/0878—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer the basic insulating layer comprising mutual alignment or interlocking means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E04F13/0816—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
    • E04F13/0817—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements extending completely through the covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
    • E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/12—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of metal or with an outer layer of metal or enameled metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembly of sandwich panels, intended for the construction of building envelopes, and more particularly intended for the construction of building roofs and walls, without being limited thereto.
  • the present invention also relates to the method for the assembling of a building envelope thereof. It is known to assemble sandwich panels comprising an insulation layer between two metallic sheets to build walls or roofs. Each sandwich panel usually comprises on one of its longitudinal edges a male interlocking part and on its opposite longitudinal edge a female interlocking part such that the male and female interlocking parts interlock into one another when two panels are assembled.
  • the exterior facing could be ripped from the panel in case of strong wind.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art by providing an envelope building comprising an assembly of sandwich panels which provides an improved resistance to dislocation, and comprising an exterior facing which provides a better resistance to wind suction.
  • a first subject of the present invention consists of a building envelope comprising an assembly of at least a first panel and a second panel each extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inner metallic tray, an outer metallic sheet and an insulation material sandwiched between the inner metallic tray and the outer metallic sheet and comprising a first longitudinal side and a second longitudinal side wherein said outer metallic sheet comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at least:
  • first outer flange extending from a first extremity of the outer central part along the first longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon extending in parallel to plane P and outwards
  • the building envelope further comprising an element of suspended facade at least partially positioned on at least a part of the assembly of panels and fixed to said assembly of panels with a fastener whose body goes through the outer tenon of the first panel and the outer mortise of the second panel.
  • the building envelope according to the invention may also have the optional features listed below, considered individually or in combination:
  • the element of suspended facade is an external cladding covering at least a part of the assembly of two panels;
  • the element of suspended facade is a metallic profile
  • the metallic profile extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis and is transversally positioned on at least the first and second panels along their entire widths;
  • the building envelope comprises an external facing fastened to the metallic profile;
  • the metallic profile has a shape of an omega and comprises two legs both fixed to the assembly of panels and a U-shaped central portion with a base parallel to plane P to which the external facing is fixed;
  • each leg of the metallic profile is inclined outwards regarding the outer metallic sheet of the considered panel;
  • the angle between the inclined end portion and the plane P is comprised between 25 and 45 and is preferably around 35 degrees;
  • the inner metallic tray comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at least: o an inner central part substantially lying down in the plane P, o a first inner flange extending from a first extremity of the inner central part along the first longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an inner tenon extending in parallel to plane P and outwards, o a second inner flange extending from a second opposite extremity of the inner central part along the second longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an inner mortise extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the inner tenon and inner mortise having shapes that allow their interlocking, the two panels being also bound by means of the interlocking of the inner tenon of the first panel with the inner mortise of the second panel.
  • a second subject of the invention consists of a process for the assembling of a building envelope comprising:
  • FIG. 1 which represents a perspective view of a building envelope made of a panel assembly according to the invention
  • the terms “inward”, “inwards”, “outward” and “outwards” as used in this application refer to the positions and orientations of the different constituent elements of the panel in relation to the position of the insulation material. Consequently, if an element extends inwards, it extends in the direction of the insulation material. Similarly, if the element extends outwards, it extends in the opposite direction of the insulation material.
  • the panels will be described in relation to their usual position on a building. Consequently, the terms “inner” and “outer” as used in this application refer to this usual position. Accordingly, the outer sheet is facing the outside and the inner tray is facing the inside of the building.
  • the inner flange refers to the flange of the inner tray and the outer flange refers to the flange of the outer sheet.
  • the panels and the corresponding assembly can be positioned upside down on a building, i.e. with the outer sheet facing the inside of the building.
  • a sheet is understood to mean an element that has a flat shape, i.e., its thickness is low compared to its other dimensions. Generally speaking, its thickness is 500 to 4000 times lower than its width.
  • the sheet may be made of a single material or a composite assembly. In the latter case, the sheet is a stack of a plurality of layers of the same material or different materials.
  • the material in question may be, among others, a metallic material or a polymer. Steel, aluminum, copper and zinc may be cited as non-restricting examples of metallic materials.
  • the sheet is preferably a metallic sheet. It is preferably made of previously galvanized and pre-coated steel to protect it against corrosion.
  • the inner tray and the outer sheet are examples of sheets.
  • the sheet will preferably have been previously formed with the aid of any known forming method, including, by way of non-restricting examples, bending, forming, stamping and molding.
  • the U-shaped bend described later on is an element of the panel whose manufacturing process is not limited to bending.
  • a rib is understood to mean a projection formed on the surface of the sheet.
  • the rib may have a trapezoidal shape or a rectangular, corrugated, sinusoidal or even omega shape, for example. It includes a top central part and two lateral wings.
  • a stiffener is a rib of limited height, generally 10 to 30 times lower than a rib.
  • a groove is understood to mean a recess formed on the surface of the panel. The groove can have shapes similar to the ones offered for ribs. Ribs, stiffeners or grooves are generally placed in parallel to the longitudinal edges of the sheet notably to render the sheet more rigid.
  • the building envelope 1 is extending in a plane P and comprises an assembly 2 of at least two panels 3 (three panels 3 are represented in figures 1 and 2) bounded together with interlocking means that will be described below.
  • Each panel 3 has a global rectangular shape and extends along a longitudinal axis X.
  • Each panel 3 comprises four lateral edges: two opposite longitudinal edges 14 and two opposite transversal edges 27 extending perpendicularly to the axis X.
  • Each panel 3 comprises a rear face fastened to a building structure 26, and a front face to which elements 12 of suspended facade are fastened.
  • these elements 12 of suspended facade are extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal edges 14 of the panels 3 and are transversally positioned on the three panels 3 along their entire widths.
  • an external facing 15, which is part of the suspended fagade, is fastened to the elements 12 of suspended facade.
  • the elements 12 of suspended facade and the external facing 15 will be both described in detail below.
  • the panel 3 first comprises an insulation material 6 sandwiched between an inner metallic tray 4 and an outer metallic sheet 5.
  • the sides of the insulation material 6 thus form the lateral edges 14, 27 of the panel 3.
  • the insulation material 6 can be any material providing some insulation to the panel 3. It can be, by way of non-restricting examples, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam, phenolic foam, mineral wool. According to a variant of the invention, the insulation material 6 is a composite comprising a lower layer of mineral wool and an upper layer of foamed material.
  • the inner metallic tray 4 and the outer metallic sheet 5 are largely substantially flat.
  • the substantially flat portions lie in the plane P.
  • Flanges 8, 10, 22, 24 extend from each of the lateral extremities of the flat portions along the longitudinal sides 28, 29 of the insulation material 6.
  • the flanges 8, 10, 22, 24 thus cover partially the sides 28, 29.
  • the uncovered part of each longitudinal side 28, 29 is preferably perpendicular to plane P to ease the interlocking of panels 3.
  • Those two longitudinal sides of the insulation material 6 are further called first 28 and second 29 longitudinal sides.
  • the inner metallic tray 4 is a metallic sheet of rectangular shape, comprising longitudinal edges and transversal edges, which has been formed at a previous stage. It comprises, in cross-section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis X, an inner central part 21 and two inner flanges 22, 24 extending from each extremity of the inner central part 21 along the longitudinal sides 28, 29 of the insulation material 6.
  • the central part 21 substantially lies down flat in plane P.
  • the inner central part 21 comprises stiffeners extending longitudinally to increase the stiffness of the metallic sheet.
  • the first inner flange 22 extends, from a first lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 , along the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an inner tenon 23 extending in parallel to the inner central part 21 , i.e. parallel to plane P, and outwards.
  • the first inner flange 22 comprises a first inner section perpendicular to the inner central part 21 , extending between the first lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 and the inner tenon 23.
  • the first inner section comprises a stiffener extending longitudinally to increase the stiffness of the section.
  • the stiffener extends inwards so that a gasket can be added.
  • the inner tenon 23 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length.
  • the second inner flange 24 extends, from the second lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 , along the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an inner mortise 25 extending in parallel to the central part 21 , i.e. parallel to plane P, and inwards.
  • the second inner flange 24 comprises a second inner section perpendicular to the inner central part 21 , extending between the second lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 and the inner mortise 25.
  • the second inner section comprises a stiffener extending longitudinally to increase the stiffness of the section.
  • the stiffener extends inwards so that a gasket can be added.
  • the inner tenon 23 and inner mortise 25 have shapes that allow their interlocking when one panel 3 is assembled with an adjacent panel 3.
  • their shapes are substantially complementary and their dimensions are such that:
  • the width of the inner mortise 25 (measured along the Y axis) is substantially equal to the width of the inner tenon 23,
  • the length of the inner mortise 25 (measured along the Z axis, starting from the uncovered part of the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6) is superior or substantially equal to the length of the inner tenon 23 (measured along the Z axis, starting from the uncovered part of the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6),
  • the position of the inner mortise 25 (i.e. the distance measured along the Y axis between the lowest portion of the inner mortise 25 and plane P) is substantially equal to the position of the inner tenon 23.
  • the shape and dimensions of the inner tenon 23 are such that it perfectly fits into the inner mortise 25.
  • perfect fits it is meant that the inner tenon 23 and the inner mortise 25 are substantially in contact to one another except in areas where a gasket is added for sealing purposes, such as airtightness or thermal insulation.
  • the inner mortise 25 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length. The internal distance between the two parallel branches is equal to the external distance between the two parallel branches of the inner tenon 23.
  • the U-turn of the inner tenon 23 and the U-turn of the inner mortise 25 are preferably separated by a gap allowing the insertion of a gasket, positioned in the U-turn of the inner mortise before assembling of the panels 3.
  • the gasket can be, among others, of an elastomeric material which is preferably shaped to substantially conform to the shape of the inner mortise 25 on assembly, PVC foam, PU foam, PVC hollow section joint or of an intumescent material, such as a mineral fibre based mat incorporating phosphate or exfoliating graphite.
  • the outer metallic sheet 5 is a metallic sheet of rectangular shape, comprising longitudinal edges and transversal edges, which has been formed at a previous stage. It comprises, in cross-section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis X, an outer central part 7 and two outer flanges 8, 10 extending from each extremity of the outer central part 7 along the longitudinal sides 28, 29 of the insulation material 6. Preferably, most of the outer central part 7 is lying down in a plane parallel to plane P.
  • the first outer flange 8 extends, from a first extremity of the outer central part 7, along the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon 9 extending outwards and in parallel to the inner tenon 23.
  • This outer tenon 9 is on the same side of the panel 3 than the inner tenon 23.
  • the outer tenon 9 is linked to the outer central 7 part by a S-shaped bend 30 followed by a step 31 (as visible on Figure 7).
  • the functions of these S-shaped bend 30 and step 31 are detailed further in the description.
  • the outer tenon 9 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length.
  • the outer tenon 9 and the inner tenon 23 are aligned one above the other.
  • the base of the outer tenon 9 and the base of the inner tenon 23 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P.
  • the base of one parallel branch of the outer tenon 9 and the base of one parallel branch of the inner tenon 23 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P.
  • the vertical plane in question is the plane of the uncovered part of the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6.
  • the second outer flange 10 extends, from a second extremity of the outer central part 7, along the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an outer mortise 11 extending inwards and in parallel to the inner mortise 25.
  • This outer mortise 11 is on the same side of the panel 3 than the inner mortise 25.
  • the outer mortise 11 is linked to the outer central part 7 by a protrusion 32 which is in the form of an external male projecting form which extremity 33 protrudes from the corresponding longitudinal edge of the outer metallic sheet 5 in order to be received in the step 31 linked to the outer tenon 9 of the adjacent panel 3, as it is discussed below and visible on Figure 7.
  • the outer tenon 8 and outer mortise 11 have shapes that allow their interlocking when one panel 3 is assembled with an adjacent panel 3.
  • their shapes are substantially complementary and their dimensions are such that:
  • the width of the outer mortise 11 (measured along the Y axis) is substantially equal to the width of the outer tenon 9, -
  • the length of the outer mortise 11 (measured along the X axis, starting from the uncovered part of the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6) is superior or substantially equal to the length of the outer tenon 9,
  • the position of the outer mortise 11 (i.e. the distance measured along the Y axis between the lowest portion of the outer mortise 11 and the outer central part 7) is substantially equal to the position of the outer tenon 9.
  • the shape and dimensions of the outer tenon 9 are such that it perfectly fits into the outer mortise 11.
  • perfect fits it is meant that the outer tenon 9 and the outer mortise 11 are substantially in contact to one another except in areas where a gasket has been added for sealing purposes, such as airtightness or thermal insulation.
  • the outer mortise 11 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length. The internal distance between the two parallel branches is equal to the external distance between the two parallel branches of the outer tenon 9.
  • the U-turn of the outer tenon 9 and the U-turn of the outer mortise 11 are preferably separated by a gap allowing the insertion of a gasket, positioned in the U-turn of the outer mortise 11 before assembling of the panels 3.
  • the gasket can be, among others, of an elastomeric material which is preferably shaped to substantially conform to the shape of the outer mortise 11 on assembly, PVC foam, PU foam, PVC hollow section joint or of an intumescent material, such as a mineral fibre based mat incorporating phosphate or exfoliating graphite.
  • the outer mortise 11 and the inner mortise 25 are aligned one above the other.
  • the start of the outer mortise 11 and the start of the inner mortise 25 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P.
  • the start of one parallel branch of the outer mortise 11 and the start of one parallel branch of the inner mortise 25 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P.
  • the vertical plane in question is the plane of the uncovered part of the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6.
  • Both lengths of the outer mortise 11 and the inner mortise 25 can be such that a fastener can be inserted from the outer metallic sheet 5 perpendicularly into the inner mortise 25 and into the outer mortise 11.
  • the inner 25 and outer 11 mortises are longer than the width of the fastener.
  • the inner 25 and outer 11 mortises have the same length.
  • the first panel 3 is fastened to the building structure 26 with an appropriate fastener, for example a screw (not depicted).
  • an appropriate fastener for example a screw (not depicted).
  • this screw is inserted through the first panel 3 perpendicularly to the outer metallic sheet 5 in a portion parallel to plan P of said outer metallic sheet 5, more precisely through the S-shaped bend 30 of the first panel 3.
  • the second panel 3a is provided so that the two panels 3, 3a are bound by means of interlocking of the outer and inner tenons 9, 23 of the first panel 3 with respectively the outer and inner mortises 11 , 25 of the second panel 3a.
  • the portion of the assembly 2 comprising the outer and inner tenons 9, 23 of the first panel 3 interlocked with the inner and outer mortises 11, 25 of the second panel 3a is called an interlocking area 16 of the two panels 3, 3a and is depicted in figures 5 and 7.
  • the second panel 3a is fastened to the building structure 26 with an appropriate fastener as described above in relation with the first panel 3.
  • more than two panels 3 may be bounded together in order to form a bigger assembly of panels 2, provided that said assembly 2 extends into the plane P. More broadly for an assembly of panels 2 comprising n panels 3, the k th panel is first bounded to the k-1 th panel that is already fastened to the building structure 26. Then the k th panel is fastened to the building structure 26. The operation is repeated for the following panels 3 until the n th panel is bounded to the n-1 th panel and fastened to the building structure 26.
  • the free end 33 of the protrusion 32 of the second panel 3a is received in the step 31 of the first panel 3.
  • a longitudinal free space 34 is thus formed and delimited by the lower wall of the protrusion 32 of the second panel 3a and the wall of the S-shaped bend 30 of the first panel 3.
  • the head of the fastener fastening the panel 3 to the building structure 26 through the S-shaped bend 30 can be hidden from the outside by the protrusion 32 of the second panel 3a.
  • a third step several elements 12 of suspended facade are at least partially positioned on at least a part of the assembly of panels 2. More precisely, they are at least partially positioned on a part 16 of the assembly of panels 2 comprising the interlocked outer tenons 9 and outer mortises 11 of the different panels 3. In other words, they are at least partially positioned on the interlocking area 16 of the assembly of panels 2. This means that the elements 12 of suspended fagade straddle the assembly of panels 2. Finally, the elements 12 of suspended facade are fastened to the assembly of panels 2 in order to strengthen and block the interlocking of panels 3, 3a.
  • Each element 12 of suspended facade is a metallic profile having a shape of an omega and comprising two opposite legs 17 and a U-shaped central portion 18.
  • This U-shaped central portion 18 comprises a plane base 19 and two branches
  • each branch 35 extending from the opposite ends of the plane base 19, and the angle between each branch 35 and the plane base 19 is comprise between 100 and 130 degrees, and is preferably around 110 degrees which represents a good compromise between stiffness and stacking capability.
  • the metallic profiles 12 are regularly spaced and extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of each panel 3.
  • the metallic profiles 12 are parallel to each other and extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal edges 14 of the panels 3 (see figures 1 and 2).
  • the length of the metallic profile 12 is about three times the width of each panel 3.
  • the building envelope 1 comprises five metallic profiles 12 regularly and longitudinally spaced.
  • each metallic profile 12 are fastened to the assembly of panels 2 with a plurality of fasteners 13, for example screws.
  • Each fastener 13 goes through the corresponding leg 17 of the metallic profile 12 and both through the outer tenon 9 of panel 3 and the outer mortise 11 of the adjacent panel 3a. By doing this, the fastener 13 will penetrate five steel layers of the panels 3, 3a, thus providing better pull out resistance.
  • the plane base 19 of the U-shaped central portion 18 of each metallic profile 12 fastened to the assembly of panels 2 is parallel to the plane P.
  • each leg 17 of the metallic profile comprises a free end portion 20 that is inclined outwards, so that the angle 40 between the plane P and each inclined free end 20 of the legs 17 of the metallic profile 12 fastened to the assembly of panels 2 is comprised between 25 and 45 degrees, and is preferably around 35 degrees.
  • an external facing 15 is provided and fastened to the metallic profiles 12.
  • this external facing 15 is a corrugated metallic sheet with a periodic pattern 37 comprising a decorative section 38 and a fastening section 39.
  • the decorative section 38 is chevron-shaped while the fastening section 39 is a rectangular plane base.
  • a first longitudinal edge of the rectangular plane base 39 extends from a longitudinal edge of the chevron-shape section 38, while a second opposite longitudinal edge of the rectangular plane based 39 extends from a longitudinal edge of the chevron-shape section 38 of an adjacent periodic pattern 37.
  • Both the rectangular plane base 39 and the chevron- shaped section 38 of each periodic pattern 37 are extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal edges 14 of the panels 3.
  • the fastening sections 39 of the external facing 15 are fastened, with fasteners 36, for example screws, to the elements 12 of suspended fagade, in particular to the metallic profiles, and more particularly to the plane base of the U- shaped central portion of the metallic profiles.
  • the external facing 15 is thus strongly fastened to the metallic profiles 12, which are also strongly fastened to the assembly of panels 2.
  • the external facing 15 of the building envelope 1 provides a better pullout resistance from the assembly of panels 2.
  • the building envelope 1 is not limited to the embodiment described above, and modifications can be brought within the context of the invention.
  • the external facing 15 may directly be fastened to the assembly of panels 2.
  • the fastening section 39 of each periodic pattern 37 of the external facing is positioned on the assembly 2, and fasteners are perpendicularly inserted so that each fastener goes through the corresponding fastening section 39 of the external facing and through the outer tenon 9 of panel 3 and the outer mortise 11 of the adjacent panel 3a of the assembly 2.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Building envelope (1) comprising an assembly (2) of at least a first panel and a second panel (3) each extending along a longitudinal axis (X) and comprising an inner metallic tray (4), an outer metallic sheet (5) and an insulation material (6) sandwiched between the inner metallic tray (4) and the outer metallic sheet (5), the two panels (3) being bound by means of the interlocking of an outer tenon of the first panel with an outer mortise of the second panel, the building envelope (1) further comprising an element (12) of suspended facade at least partially positioned on at least a part of the assembly of panels (2) and fixed to said assembly of panels with a fastener whose body goes through the outer tenon of the first panel and the outer mortise of the second panel; and process for the assembling of a building enveloppe (1).

Description

BUILDING ENVELOPE AND PROCESS FOR ITS ASSEMBLING
The present invention relates to an assembly of sandwich panels, intended for the construction of building envelopes, and more particularly intended for the construction of building roofs and walls, without being limited thereto. The present invention also relates to the method for the assembling of a building envelope thereof. It is known to assemble sandwich panels comprising an insulation layer between two metallic sheets to build walls or roofs. Each sandwich panel usually comprises on one of its longitudinal edges a male interlocking part and on its opposite longitudinal edge a female interlocking part such that the male and female interlocking parts interlock into one another when two panels are assembled.
Moreover, it is known to fasten, on the external side of the assembly of sandwich panels and in a removable manner, an exterior facade, such as sidings or cassettes. Nevertheless, the resistance to wind suction is not enough and the sandwich panels tend to break apart. It is also known notably from WO 2006/064489 a panel comprising an external steel skin having a plurality of mountings for fixing cladding elements such as tiles to the panel to form an exterior facing.
However, the exterior facing could be ripped from the panel in case of strong wind.
The aim of the present invention is therefore to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art by providing an envelope building comprising an assembly of sandwich panels which provides an improved resistance to dislocation, and comprising an exterior facing which provides a better resistance to wind suction.
For this purpose, a first subject of the present invention consists of a building envelope comprising an assembly of at least a first panel and a second panel each extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inner metallic tray, an outer metallic sheet and an insulation material sandwiched between the inner metallic tray and the outer metallic sheet and comprising a first longitudinal side and a second longitudinal side wherein said outer metallic sheet comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at least:
- an outer central part substantially extending in parallel to a plane P,
- a first outer flange extending from a first extremity of the outer central part along the first longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon extending in parallel to plane P and outwards,
- a second outer flange extending from a second opposite extremity of the outer central part along the second longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer mortise extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the outer tenon and outer mortise having shapes that allow their interlocking, the two panels being bound by means of the interlocking of the outer tenon of the first panel with the outer mortise of the second panel, the building envelope further comprising an element of suspended facade at least partially positioned on at least a part of the assembly of panels and fixed to said assembly of panels with a fastener whose body goes through the outer tenon of the first panel and the outer mortise of the second panel.
The building envelope according to the invention may also have the optional features listed below, considered individually or in combination:
- the element of suspended facade is an external cladding covering at least a part of the assembly of two panels;
- the element of suspended facade is a metallic profile;
- the metallic profile extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis and is transversally positioned on at least the first and second panels along their entire widths;
- the building envelope comprises an external facing fastened to the metallic profile; - the metallic profile has a shape of an omega and comprises two legs both fixed to the assembly of panels and a U-shaped central portion with a base parallel to plane P to which the external facing is fixed;
- a free end portion of each leg of the metallic profile is inclined outwards regarding the outer metallic sheet of the considered panel;
- the angle between the inclined end portion and the plane P is comprised between 25 and 45 and is preferably around 35 degrees;
- the inner metallic tray comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at least: o an inner central part substantially lying down in the plane P, o a first inner flange extending from a first extremity of the inner central part along the first longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an inner tenon extending in parallel to plane P and outwards, o a second inner flange extending from a second opposite extremity of the inner central part along the second longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an inner mortise extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the inner tenon and inner mortise having shapes that allow their interlocking, the two panels being also bound by means of the interlocking of the inner tenon of the first panel with the inner mortise of the second panel.
A second subject of the invention consists of a process for the assembling of a building envelope comprising:
- (i) providing a first panel and a second panel each extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inner metallic tray, an outer metallic sheet and an insulation material sandwiched between the inner metallic tray and the outer metallic sheet and comprising a first longitudinal side and a second longitudinal side wherein said outer metallic sheet comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis: o an outer central part substantially extending in parallel to a plane P, o a first outer flange extending from a first extremity of the outer central part along the first longitudinal side of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon extending in parallel to plane P and outwards, o a second outer flange extending from a second extremity of the outer central part along the second longitudinal side (29) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer mortise extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the outer tenon and outer mortise having shapes that allow their interlocking,
- (ii) fastening the two panels on a structure of the building so that the two panels form an assembly by being bound by means of the interlocking of the outer tenon of the first panel with the outer mortise of the second panel,
- (iii) positioning at least partially an element of suspended facade on at least a part of the assembly of panels and fixing the element of suspended facade to said assembly of panels with a fastener whose body goes through the outer tenon of the first panel and the outer mortise of the second panel.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be described in greater detail in the following description.
The invention will be better understood by reading the following description, which is provided purely for purposes of explanation and is in no way intended to be restrictive, with reference to:
- Figure 1 , which represents a perspective view of a building envelope made of a panel assembly according to the invention,
- Figure 2, which represents a front view of the building envelope of figure
1 ,
- Figure 3, which represents a perspective view of one panel of the panel assembly,
- Figure 4, which represents a cross-section view of the panel of figure 3, - Figure 5, which represents a perspective detailed view of the building envelope of figure 1 , showing a cross section view of an interlocking area of the panel assembly,
- Figure 6, which represents a longitudinal section view of a detail of the building envelope,
- Figure 7, which represents a side view of a detail of the building envelope following arrow VII of figure 5.
It should be noted that the terms “inward”, “inwards”, “outward” and “outwards” as used in this application refer to the positions and orientations of the different constituent elements of the panel in relation to the position of the insulation material. Consequently, if an element extends inwards, it extends in the direction of the insulation material. Similarly, if the element extends outwards, it extends in the opposite direction of the insulation material It should also be noted that, to ease the description, the panels will be described in relation to their usual position on a building. Consequently, the terms “inner” and “outer” as used in this application refer to this usual position. Accordingly, the outer sheet is facing the outside and the inner tray is facing the inside of the building. Consequently, the inner flange refers to the flange of the inner tray and the outer flange refers to the flange of the outer sheet. Nevertheless, the panels and the corresponding assembly can be positioned upside down on a building, i.e. with the outer sheet facing the inside of the building.
It should be noted that the terms “lower”, “upper”, “above”, “below”, “lowest”, “highest”, “top”, “bottom”... as used in this application refer to the positions and orientations of the different constituent elements of the panel when the latter is lying on an horizontal plane.
Throughout the text, a sheet is understood to mean an element that has a flat shape, i.e., its thickness is low compared to its other dimensions. Generally speaking, its thickness is 500 to 4000 times lower than its width. The sheet may be made of a single material or a composite assembly. In the latter case, the sheet is a stack of a plurality of layers of the same material or different materials. The material in question may be, among others, a metallic material or a polymer. Steel, aluminum, copper and zinc may be cited as non-restricting examples of metallic materials. The sheet is preferably a metallic sheet. It is preferably made of previously galvanized and pre-coated steel to protect it against corrosion. The inner tray and the outer sheet are examples of sheets.
Within the framework of the invention, the sheet will preferably have been previously formed with the aid of any known forming method, including, by way of non-restricting examples, bending, forming, stamping and molding. In particular, the U-shaped bend described later on is an element of the panel whose manufacturing process is not limited to bending.
This forming leads among other things to the formation of ribs, stiffeners or grooves on the surface of the sheet. Throughout the text, a rib is understood to mean a projection formed on the surface of the sheet. The rib may have a trapezoidal shape or a rectangular, corrugated, sinusoidal or even omega shape, for example. It includes a top central part and two lateral wings. A stiffener is a rib of limited height, generally 10 to 30 times lower than a rib. Throughout the text, a groove is understood to mean a recess formed on the surface of the panel. The groove can have shapes similar to the ones offered for ribs. Ribs, stiffeners or grooves are generally placed in parallel to the longitudinal edges of the sheet notably to render the sheet more rigid.
With reference to Figure 1 and figure 2, the building envelope 1 according to the invention is extending in a plane P and comprises an assembly 2 of at least two panels 3 (three panels 3 are represented in figures 1 and 2) bounded together with interlocking means that will be described below. Each panel 3 has a global rectangular shape and extends along a longitudinal axis X. Each panel 3 comprises four lateral edges: two opposite longitudinal edges 14 and two opposite transversal edges 27 extending perpendicularly to the axis X.
Each panel 3 comprises a rear face fastened to a building structure 26, and a front face to which elements 12 of suspended facade are fastened. In the variant illustrated on Figures 1 and 2, these elements 12 of suspended facade are extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal edges 14 of the panels 3 and are transversally positioned on the three panels 3 along their entire widths. Finally, an external facing 15, which is part of the suspended fagade, is fastened to the elements 12 of suspended facade. The elements 12 of suspended facade and the external facing 15 will be both described in detail below.
With reference to Figures 3 and 4, the panel 3 first comprises an insulation material 6 sandwiched between an inner metallic tray 4 and an outer metallic sheet 5. The sides of the insulation material 6 thus form the lateral edges 14, 27 of the panel 3.
The insulation material 6 can be any material providing some insulation to the panel 3. It can be, by way of non-restricting examples, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam, phenolic foam, mineral wool. According to a variant of the invention, the insulation material 6 is a composite comprising a lower layer of mineral wool and an upper layer of foamed material.
The inner metallic tray 4 and the outer metallic sheet 5 are largely substantially flat. The substantially flat portions lie in the plane P. Flanges 8, 10, 22, 24 extend from each of the lateral extremities of the flat portions along the longitudinal sides 28, 29 of the insulation material 6. The flanges 8, 10, 22, 24 thus cover partially the sides 28, 29. The uncovered part of each longitudinal side 28, 29 is preferably perpendicular to plane P to ease the interlocking of panels 3. Those two longitudinal sides of the insulation material 6 are further called first 28 and second 29 longitudinal sides.
The inner metallic tray 4 is a metallic sheet of rectangular shape, comprising longitudinal edges and transversal edges, which has been formed at a previous stage. It comprises, in cross-section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis X, an inner central part 21 and two inner flanges 22, 24 extending from each extremity of the inner central part 21 along the longitudinal sides 28, 29 of the insulation material 6. The central part 21 substantially lies down flat in plane P. According to a variant of the invention, the inner central part 21 comprises stiffeners extending longitudinally to increase the stiffness of the metallic sheet.
The first inner flange 22 extends, from a first lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 , along the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an inner tenon 23 extending in parallel to the inner central part 21 , i.e. parallel to plane P, and outwards. In particular, the first inner flange 22 comprises a first inner section perpendicular to the inner central part 21 , extending between the first lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 and the inner tenon 23. According to a variant of the invention, the first inner section comprises a stiffener extending longitudinally to increase the stiffness of the section. In particular, the stiffener extends inwards so that a gasket can be added.
In particular, the inner tenon 23 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length.
The second inner flange 24 extends, from the second lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 , along the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an inner mortise 25 extending in parallel to the central part 21 , i.e. parallel to plane P, and inwards. In particular, the second inner flange 24 comprises a second inner section perpendicular to the inner central part 21 , extending between the second lateral extremity of the inner central part 21 and the inner mortise 25. According to a variant of the invention, the second inner section comprises a stiffener extending longitudinally to increase the stiffness of the section. In particular, the stiffener extends inwards so that a gasket can be added.
The inner tenon 23 and inner mortise 25 have shapes that allow their interlocking when one panel 3 is assembled with an adjacent panel 3. Preferably, their shapes are substantially complementary and their dimensions are such that:
- The width of the inner mortise 25 (measured along the Y axis) is substantially equal to the width of the inner tenon 23,
- The length of the inner mortise 25 (measured along the Z axis, starting from the uncovered part of the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6) is superior or substantially equal to the length of the inner tenon 23 (measured along the Z axis, starting from the uncovered part of the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6),
- The position of the inner mortise 25 (i.e. the distance measured along the Y axis between the lowest portion of the inner mortise 25 and plane P) is substantially equal to the position of the inner tenon 23.
Preferably, the shape and dimensions of the inner tenon 23 are such that it perfectly fits into the inner mortise 25. By “perfectly fits” it is meant that the inner tenon 23 and the inner mortise 25 are substantially in contact to one another except in areas where a gasket is added for sealing purposes, such as airtightness or thermal insulation. In particular, the inner mortise 25 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length. The internal distance between the two parallel branches is equal to the external distance between the two parallel branches of the inner tenon 23. The U-turn of the inner tenon 23 and the U-turn of the inner mortise 25 are preferably separated by a gap allowing the insertion of a gasket, positioned in the U-turn of the inner mortise before assembling of the panels 3. The gasket can be, among others, of an elastomeric material which is preferably shaped to substantially conform to the shape of the inner mortise 25 on assembly, PVC foam, PU foam, PVC hollow section joint or of an intumescent material, such as a mineral fibre based mat incorporating phosphate or exfoliating graphite.
The outer metallic sheet 5 is a metallic sheet of rectangular shape, comprising longitudinal edges and transversal edges, which has been formed at a previous stage. It comprises, in cross-section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis X, an outer central part 7 and two outer flanges 8, 10 extending from each extremity of the outer central part 7 along the longitudinal sides 28, 29 of the insulation material 6. Preferably, most of the outer central part 7 is lying down in a plane parallel to plane P.
The first outer flange 8 extends, from a first extremity of the outer central part 7, along the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon 9 extending outwards and in parallel to the inner tenon 23. This outer tenon 9 is on the same side of the panel 3 than the inner tenon 23.
The outer tenon 9 is linked to the outer central 7 part by a S-shaped bend 30 followed by a step 31 (as visible on Figure 7). The functions of these S-shaped bend 30 and step 31 are detailed further in the description.
The outer tenon 9 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length.
The outer tenon 9 and the inner tenon 23 are aligned one above the other. In other words, the base of the outer tenon 9 and the base of the inner tenon 23 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P. More preferably, the base of one parallel branch of the outer tenon 9 and the base of one parallel branch of the inner tenon 23 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P. More preferably, the vertical plane in question is the plane of the uncovered part of the first longitudinal side 28 of the insulation material 6. The second outer flange 10 extends, from a second extremity of the outer central part 7, along the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6 and comprises a U-shaped bend forming an outer mortise 11 extending inwards and in parallel to the inner mortise 25. This outer mortise 11 is on the same side of the panel 3 than the inner mortise 25. In particular, the outer mortise 11 is linked to the outer central part 7 by a protrusion 32 which is in the form of an external male projecting form which extremity 33 protrudes from the corresponding longitudinal edge of the outer metallic sheet 5 in order to be received in the step 31 linked to the outer tenon 9 of the adjacent panel 3, as it is discussed below and visible on Figure 7. The outer tenon 8 and outer mortise 11 have shapes that allow their interlocking when one panel 3 is assembled with an adjacent panel 3. Preferably, their shapes are substantially complementary and their dimensions are such that:
- The width of the outer mortise 11 (measured along the Y axis) is substantially equal to the width of the outer tenon 9, - The length of the outer mortise 11 (measured along the X axis, starting from the uncovered part of the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6) is superior or substantially equal to the length of the outer tenon 9,
- The position of the outer mortise 11 (i.e. the distance measured along the Y axis between the lowest portion of the outer mortise 11 and the outer central part 7) is substantially equal to the position of the outer tenon 9.
Preferably, the shape and dimensions of the outer tenon 9 are such that it perfectly fits into the outer mortise 11. By “perfectly fits” it is meant that the outer tenon 9 and the outer mortise 11 are substantially in contact to one another except in areas where a gasket has been added for sealing purposes, such as airtightness or thermal insulation. In particular, the outer mortise 11 comprises two parallel branches linked by a U-turn. More preferably, the two parallel branches have substantially the same length. The internal distance between the two parallel branches is equal to the external distance between the two parallel branches of the outer tenon 9. The U-turn of the outer tenon 9 and the U-turn of the outer mortise 11 are preferably separated by a gap allowing the insertion of a gasket, positioned in the U-turn of the outer mortise 11 before assembling of the panels 3. The gasket can be, among others, of an elastomeric material which is preferably shaped to substantially conform to the shape of the outer mortise 11 on assembly, PVC foam, PU foam, PVC hollow section joint or of an intumescent material, such as a mineral fibre based mat incorporating phosphate or exfoliating graphite.
Preferably, the outer mortise 11 and the inner mortise 25 are aligned one above the other. In other words, the start of the outer mortise 11 and the start of the inner mortise 25 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P. More preferably, the start of one parallel branch of the outer mortise 11 and the start of one parallel branch of the inner mortise 25 are in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to plane P. More preferably, the vertical plane in question is the plane of the uncovered part of the second longitudinal side 29 of the insulation material 6.
Both lengths of the outer mortise 11 and the inner mortise 25 can be such that a fastener can be inserted from the outer metallic sheet 5 perpendicularly into the inner mortise 25 and into the outer mortise 11. In other words, the inner 25 and outer 11 mortises are longer than the width of the fastener. In a preferred embodiment, the inner 25 and outer 11 mortises have the same length.
According to figures 5 to 7, the bounding of a first panel 3 and a second panel 3a of the assembly of panels 2 in order to form the building envelope 1 will now be described.
In a first step, the first panel 3 is fastened to the building structure 26 with an appropriate fastener, for example a screw (not depicted). Regarding figure 7, this screw is inserted through the first panel 3 perpendicularly to the outer metallic sheet 5 in a portion parallel to plan P of said outer metallic sheet 5, more precisely through the S-shaped bend 30 of the first panel 3.
In a second step, the second panel 3a is provided so that the two panels 3, 3a are bound by means of interlocking of the outer and inner tenons 9, 23 of the first panel 3 with respectively the outer and inner mortises 11 , 25 of the second panel 3a. The portion of the assembly 2 comprising the outer and inner tenons 9, 23 of the first panel 3 interlocked with the inner and outer mortises 11, 25 of the second panel 3a is called an interlocking area 16 of the two panels 3, 3a and is depicted in figures 5 and 7. Then the second panel 3a is fastened to the building structure 26 with an appropriate fastener as described above in relation with the first panel 3. Of course and as depicted in figures 1 and 2, more than two panels 3 may be bounded together in order to form a bigger assembly of panels 2, provided that said assembly 2 extends into the plane P. More broadly for an assembly of panels 2 comprising n panels 3, the kth panel is first bounded to the k-1th panel that is already fastened to the building structure 26. Then the kth panel is fastened to the building structure 26. The operation is repeated for the following panels 3 until the nth panel is bounded to the n-1th panel and fastened to the building structure 26.
As clearly depicted in figure 7, the free end 33 of the protrusion 32 of the second panel 3a is received in the step 31 of the first panel 3. A longitudinal free space 34 is thus formed and delimited by the lower wall of the protrusion 32 of the second panel 3a and the wall of the S-shaped bend 30 of the first panel 3. Advantageously, the head of the fastener fastening the panel 3 to the building structure 26 through the S-shaped bend 30 can be hidden from the outside by the protrusion 32 of the second panel 3a.
In a third step several elements 12 of suspended facade are at least partially positioned on at least a part of the assembly of panels 2. More precisely, they are at least partially positioned on a part 16 of the assembly of panels 2 comprising the interlocked outer tenons 9 and outer mortises 11 of the different panels 3. In other words, they are at least partially positioned on the interlocking area 16 of the assembly of panels 2. This means that the elements 12 of suspended fagade straddle the assembly of panels 2. Finally, the elements 12 of suspended facade are fastened to the assembly of panels 2 in order to strengthen and block the interlocking of panels 3, 3a.
Each element 12 of suspended facade is a metallic profile having a shape of an omega and comprising two opposite legs 17 and a U-shaped central portion 18. This U-shaped central portion 18 comprises a plane base 19 and two branches
35 extending from the opposite ends of the plane base 19, and the angle between each branch 35 and the plane base 19 is comprise between 100 and 130 degrees, and is preferably around 110 degrees which represents a good compromise between stiffness and stacking capability.
The metallic profiles 12 are regularly spaced and extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of each panel 3. In other words, the metallic profiles 12 are parallel to each other and extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal edges 14 of the panels 3 (see figures 1 and 2). As depicted in figure 1 and figure 2, and in a non-limitative manner, the length of the metallic profile 12 is about three times the width of each panel 3. In addition, and in order to optimally strengthen the assembly comprising three panels 3, the building envelope 1 comprises five metallic profiles 12 regularly and longitudinally spaced.
The legs 17 of each metallic profile 12 are fastened to the assembly of panels 2 with a plurality of fasteners 13, for example screws. Each fastener 13 goes through the corresponding leg 17 of the metallic profile 12 and both through the outer tenon 9 of panel 3 and the outer mortise 11 of the adjacent panel 3a. By doing this, the fastener 13 will penetrate five steel layers of the panels 3, 3a, thus providing better pull out resistance. In addition, the plane base 19 of the U-shaped central portion 18 of each metallic profile 12 fastened to the assembly of panels 2 is parallel to the plane P.
As depicted in figure 5 and 6, each leg 17 of the metallic profile comprises a free end portion 20 that is inclined outwards, so that the angle 40 between the plane P and each inclined free end 20 of the legs 17 of the metallic profile 12 fastened to the assembly of panels 2 is comprised between 25 and 45 degrees, and is preferably around 35 degrees.
In a third step, an external facing 15 is provided and fastened to the metallic profiles 12.
In the example illustrated on Figure 7, this external facing 15 is a corrugated metallic sheet with a periodic pattern 37 comprising a decorative section 38 and a fastening section 39. The decorative section 38 is chevron-shaped while the fastening section 39 is a rectangular plane base. A first longitudinal edge of the rectangular plane base 39 extends from a longitudinal edge of the chevron-shape section 38, while a second opposite longitudinal edge of the rectangular plane based 39 extends from a longitudinal edge of the chevron-shape section 38 of an adjacent periodic pattern 37. Both the rectangular plane base 39 and the chevron- shaped section 38 of each periodic pattern 37 are extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal edges 14 of the panels 3.
The fastening sections 39 of the external facing 15 are fastened, with fasteners 36, for example screws, to the elements 12 of suspended fagade, in particular to the metallic profiles, and more particularly to the plane base of the U- shaped central portion of the metallic profiles.
The external facing 15 is thus strongly fastened to the metallic profiles 12, which are also strongly fastened to the assembly of panels 2. As a result, the external facing 15 of the building envelope 1 provides a better pullout resistance from the assembly of panels 2.
Other shapes of the external facing are of course possible, as long as it can be fixed on the elements 12 of suspended fagade or directly on the panels 3.
Of course, the building envelope 1 is not limited to the embodiment described above, and modifications can be brought within the context of the invention. As an example (not depicted), the external facing 15 may directly be fastened to the assembly of panels 2. In this case, the fastening section 39 of each periodic pattern 37 of the external facing is positioned on the assembly 2, and fasteners are perpendicularly inserted so that each fastener goes through the corresponding fastening section 39 of the external facing and through the outer tenon 9 of panel 3 and the outer mortise 11 of the adjacent panel 3a of the assembly 2.

Claims

1) Building envelope (1) comprising an assembly (2) of at least a first panel and a second panel (3) each extending along a longitudinal axis (X) and comprising an inner metallic tray (4), an outer metallic sheet (5) and an insulation material (6) sandwiched between the inner metallic tray (4) and the outer metallic sheet (5) and comprising a first longitudinal side (28) and a second longitudinal side (29) wherein said outer metallic sheet (5) comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at least:
- an outer central part (7) substantially extending in parallel to a plane P,
- a first outer flange (8) extending from a first extremity of the outer central part (7) along the first longitudinal side (28) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon (9) extending in parallel to plane P and outwards,
- a second outer flange (10) extending from a second opposite extremity of the outer central part (7) along the second longitudinal side (29) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer mortise (11) extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the outer tenon (10) and outer mortise (11) having shapes that allow their interlocking, the two panels (3) being bound by means of the interlocking of the outer tenon (9) of the first panel with the outer mortise (11) of the second panel, the building envelope (1) further comprising an element (12) of suspended facade at least partially positioned on at least a part of the assembly of panels (2) and fixed to said assembly of panels with a fastener (13) whose body goes through the outer tenon (9) of the first panel and the outer mortise (11) of the second panel.
2) Building envelope (1) according to claim 1 wherein the element of suspended facade is an external cladding covering at least a part of the assembly of two panels (2). 3) Building envelope (1) according to claim 1 wherein the element (12) of suspended facade is a metallic profile.
4) Building envelope (1) according to claim 3, wherein the metallic profile (12) extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (X) and is transversally positioned on at least the first and second panels (3) along their entire widths.
5) Building envelope (1) according to claim 3 or claim 4 further comprising an external facing (15) fastened to the metallic profile (12).
6) Building envelope (1) according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the metallic profile (12) has a shape of an omega and comprises two legs (17) both fixed to the assembly of panels (2) and a U-shaped central portion (18) with a base (19) parallel to plane P to which the external facing (15) is fixed.
7) Building envelope (1) according to claim 6, wherein a free end portion (20) of each leg (17) of the metallic profile (12) is inclined outwards regarding the outer metallic sheet (5) of the considered panel (3).
8) Building envelope (1) according to claim 7, wherein the angle (40) between the inclined end portion (20) and the plane P is comprised between 25 and 45 and is preferably around 35 degrees.
9) Building envelope (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inner metallic tray (4) comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X) at least:
- An inner central part (21) substantially lying down in the plane P,
- A first inner flange (22) extending from a first extremity of the inner central part (21) along the first longitudinal side (28) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an inner tenon (23) extending in parallel to plane P and outwards,
- A second inner flange (24) extending from a second opposite extremity of the inner central part (21) along the second longitudinal side (29) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an inner mortise (25) extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the inner tenon and inner mortise having shapes that allow their interlocking, the two panels (3) being also bound by means of the interlocking of the inner tenon (23) of the first panel with the inner mortise (25) of the second panel. )A process for the assembling of a building envelope (1 ) comprising:
- (i) providing a first panel (3) and a second panel (3) each extending along a longitudinal axis (X) and comprising an inner metallic tray (4), an outer metallic sheet (5) and an insulation material (6) sandwiched between the inner metallic tray and the outer metallic sheet and comprising a first longitudinal side (28) and a second longitudinal side (29) wherein said outer metallic sheet (5) comprises in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis: o An outer central part (7) substantially extending in parallel to a plane P, o A first outer flange (8) extending from a first extremity of the outer central part (7) along the first longitudinal side (28) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer tenon (9) extending in parallel to plane P and outwards, o A second outer flange (10) extending from a second extremity of the outer central part (7) along the second longitudinal side (29) of the insulation material and comprising a U-shaped bend forming an outer mortise (11) extending in parallel to plane P and inwards, the outer tenon (10) and outer mortise (11) having shapes that allow their interlocking,
- (ii) fastening the two panels (3) on a structure (26) of the building so that the two panels (3) form an assembly (2) by being bound by means of the interlocking of the outer tenon (9) of the first panel with the outer mortise (11 ) of the second panel,
- (iii) positioning at least partially an element (12) of suspended facade on at least a part of the assembly of panels (2) and fixing the element (12) of suspended facade to said assembly of panels (2) with a fastener (13) whose body goes through the outer tenon (9) of the first panel and the outer mortise (11) of the second panel.
PCT/IB2020/054563 2020-05-14 2020-05-14 Building envelope and process for its assembling WO2021229273A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064489A1 (en) 2004-12-14 2006-06-22 Kingspan Research And Developments Limited A composite cladding
US7748181B1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2010-07-06 Centria Advanced building envelope delivery system and method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064489A1 (en) 2004-12-14 2006-06-22 Kingspan Research And Developments Limited A composite cladding
US7748181B1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2010-07-06 Centria Advanced building envelope delivery system and method

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