WO2021226937A1

WO2021226937A1 - Multi-path transmission method and apparatus, network device, and terminal

Info

Publication number: WO2021226937A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/090274
Authority: WO
Inventors: 许阳
Original assignee: Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority date: 2020-05-14
Filing date: 2020-05-14
Publication date: 2021-11-18
Also published as: CN115443723A

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a multi-path transmission method and apparatus, a network device, and a terminal. The method comprises: a network side network element receives indication information sent by a terminal by means of a first path, the indication information being used for indicating at least one of the following: the terminal performs transmission by means of a plurality of paths, the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission, and the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data; and the indication information being used by the network side network element to determine to configure information of uplink data flow or information of downlink data flow for the first path.

Description

Multi-path transmission method and device, network equipment and terminal

Technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to a multi-path transmission method and device, network equipment, and terminal.

Background technique

The current technology does not support a protocol data unit (Protocol Data Unit, PDU) session to transmit a unidirectional data stream, for example, it does not support a PDU session to transmit only an upstream data stream or only a downstream data stream. A PDU session can have one path or multiple paths. For one path of the PDU session, there is no distinction between uplink transmission and downlink transmission, which will result in many transmission scenarios that cannot be implemented.

Summary of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide a multi-path transmission method and device, network equipment, and terminal.

The multi-path transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:

The network-side network element receives the indication information sent by the terminal through the first path, where the indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission , Whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

Wherein, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path.

The terminal sends instruction information to the network-side network element through the first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission, Whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

The multi-path transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to a network-side network element, and the device includes:

The receiving unit is configured to receive instruction information sent by the terminal through a first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink Transmission, whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

The multipath transmission device provided by the embodiment of the present application is applied to a terminal, and the device includes:

The sending unit is configured to send instruction information to the network-side network element through a first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and the first path is used for uplink transmission Whether it is downlink transmission or whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

The network device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory to execute the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

The terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory to execute the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

The chip provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to implement the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

Specifically, the chip includes: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from the memory, so that the device installed with the chip executes the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

The computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to store a computer program, and the computer program enables a computer to execute the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

The computer program product provided by the embodiment of the present application includes computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions cause a computer to execute the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

The computer program provided in the embodiment of the present application, when it runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute the above-mentioned multi-path transmission method.

Through the above technical solution, the terminal indicates to the network-side network element at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission, and whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data, Therefore, the network-side network element may determine, based on the indication information, to configure the uplink data flow information or the downlink data flow information for the first path. In this way, for the first path (that is, a path of the PDU session), it is clarified whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission, so that many transmission scenarios can be implemented, such as different paths among multiple paths of the terminal. The path can transmit data flows in different directions.

Description of the drawings

The drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the application and constitute a part of the application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the application are used to explain the application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the application. In the attached picture:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the QoS data flow binding process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-path transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of establishing an uplink or downlink data flow provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of establishing uplink and downlink data flows according to an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6-1 is a schematic diagram of scenario one provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6-2 is a schematic diagram of Scenario Two provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6-3 is a schematic diagram of scenario three provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6-4 is a schematic diagram of scenario four provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6-5 is a schematic diagram of scenario five provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6-6 is a schematic diagram of scenario six provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 7-1 is the first schematic diagram of IP address conversion provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 7-2 is a second schematic diagram of IP address conversion provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of PDU session establishment provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a first structural diagram of a multi-path transmission device provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 10 is a second schematic diagram of the structural composition of a multipath transmission device provided by an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (Time Division Duplex) , TDD), system, 5G communication system or future communication system, etc.

Exemplarily, the communication system 100 applied in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1. The communication system 100 may include a network device 110, and the network device 110 may be a device that communicates with a terminal 120 (or called a communication terminal or terminal). The network device 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area, and may communicate with terminals located in the coverage area. Optionally, the network device 110 may be an evolved base station (Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (Cloud Radio Access Network, CRAN), or The network equipment can be a mobile switching center, a relay station, an access point, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a hub, a switch, a bridge, a router, a network side device in a 5G network, or a network device in a future communication system, etc.

The communication system 100 also includes at least one terminal 120 located within the coverage area of the network device 110. The "terminal" used here includes, but is not limited to, connection via a wired line, such as via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (Digital Subscriber Line, DSL), digital cable, and direct cable connection; And/or another data connection/network; and/or via a wireless interface, such as for cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLAN), digital TV networks such as DVB-H networks, satellite networks, AM-FM Broadcast transmitter; and/or another terminal's device configured to receive/send communication signals; and/or Internet of Things (IoT) equipment. A terminal set to communicate through a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal", a "wireless terminal" or a "mobile terminal". Examples of mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, satellite or cellular phones; Personal Communications System (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radio phones with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; can include radio phones, pagers, Internet/intranet PDA with internet access, web browser, memo pad, calendar, and/or Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver; and conventional laptop and/or palmtop receivers or others including radio telephone transceivers Electronic device. Terminal can refer to access terminal, user equipment (UE), user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user Device. The access terminal can be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (Wireless Local Loop, WLL) station, a personal digital processing (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), with wireless communication Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminals in 5G networks, or terminals in the future evolution of PLMN, etc.

Optionally, direct terminal connection (Device to Device, D2D) communication may be performed between the terminals 120.

Optionally, the 5G communication system or 5G network may also be referred to as a New Radio (NR) system or NR network.

FIG. 1 exemplarily shows one network device and two terminals. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices and the coverage of each network device may include other numbers of terminals. This embodiment of the present application There is no restriction on this.

Optionally, the communication system 100 may also include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

It should be understood that the devices with communication functions in the network/system in the embodiments of the present application may be referred to as communication devices. Taking the communication system 100 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the communication device may include a network device 110 and a terminal 120 with communication functions, and the network device 110 and the terminal 120 may be the specific devices described above, which will not be repeated here; communication The device may also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" in this article are often used interchangeably in this article. The term "and/or" in this article is only an association relationship describing the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, exist alone B these three situations. In addition, the character "/" in this text generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

In order to ensure data transmission, mobile networks generally use a QoS mechanism. In the QoS mechanism, a set of QoS parameters is used for one or more QoS data streams or bearer data transmissions. Here, the bearer specifically refers to the Data Resource Bearer (DRB). As shown in Figure 2, one or more QoS data streams can be mapped to a DRB for transmission. Among them, the DRB is the terminal and the access network (Access Network). , AN) access network resources (AN Resource). For a Quality of Service (QoS) data flow, corresponding to a set of QoS parameters, the base station on the air interface will establish a DRB according to the QoS parameters and bind the QoS data flow to a specific DRB.

The uplink data stream (that is, the uplink QoS data stream) is bound by the terminal. Specifically, the terminal determines which QoS data stream different data packets need to be bound to for transmission according to a QoS rule (QoS Rule). The downstream data stream (ie, the downstream QoS data stream) is bound by the User Plane Function (UPF), and the UPF determines that different data packets need to be bound according to the Packet Detection Rule (PDR). Determine which QoS data stream to transmit on.

The current technology transmits an upstream data stream and a downstream data stream in one PDU session. A PDU session can have one path or multiple paths. If a PDU session has two paths, one path is used to transmit uplink data and the other path is used to transmit downlink data, the network side cannot determine which path transmits uplink or downlink data. To this end, the following technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are proposed. It should be noted that the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be used not only in 5G systems, but also in 4G systems and future network architectures.

FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a multi-path transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 3, the multi-path transmission method includes the following steps:

Step 301: The network-side network element receives the instruction information sent by the terminal through a first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and the first path is used for uplink transmission Whether it is downlink transmission or whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data; wherein, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path.

In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal sends instruction information to the network-side network element through the first path. Accordingly, the network-side network element receives the instruction information sent by the terminal through the first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following One: The terminal transmits through multiple paths, whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission, and whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data.

Further, in an optional manner, the indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following:

Characteristic information of the service transmitted on the user plane connection, the service transmitted on the first path, and the data packet transmitted on the user plane connection.

Here, the user plane connection can also refer to the PDU session.

Here, the indication information is used to indicate the service transmitted on the user plane connection, and specifically may be: the indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the service transmitted on the user plane connection.

Here, the indication information is used to indicate the service transmitted on the first path, and specifically may be: the indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the service transmitted on the first path.

Here, the characteristic information of the data packet transmitted on the user plane connection is used to determine the data packet allowed to be transmitted on the user plane connection. In an optional manner, the characteristic information of the data packet includes at least one of the following: address information of the server, port information of the server, protocol type used by the server to transmit data, domain name information of the server, and differential service code point of the data packet (Differentiated Services Code Point, DSCP) information.

Here, the server may refer to an application layer server, which is used to transmit business or application data. Optionally, the server may also be referred to as an application server or a business server. For uplink transmission, the terminal can send uplink data to the server; for downlink transmission, the server can send downlink data to the terminal.

Here, the DSCP information may be the content of the Type of Service (ToS) field added to the header of the data packet (such as an IP data packet), and may be used to indicate different service types.

In the embodiment of the present application, the indication information in the above solution may be carried in an uplink non-access stratum (NAS) message. In other words, the terminal carries the indication information in the above solution in the uplink NAS message and sends it to the network-side network element. Further, optionally, the uplink NAS message is a PDU session establishment or modification request message, or the uplink NAS message is a registration request message.

The indication information in the above solution may also be carried in an uplink access stratum (Access Stratum, AS) message, such as an uplink RRC message. Further, after receiving the RRC message, the base station may also send the instruction information to the core network element for processing.

In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal may transmit through multiple paths, for example, the terminal may transmit through two paths, or the terminal may transmit through three or more paths.

Optionally, different paths among the multiple paths in the embodiments of the present application may correspond to different radio access technologies (Radio Access Technology, RAT), and/or different radio access nodes, and/or different core networks Tunnel (ie N3Tunnel). It is not limited to this, and different paths may also correspond to the same RAT and/or the same radio access node.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths belong to the same PDU session. In another optional manner, the multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same UPF. In another optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same wireless access node. In another optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same RAT type. In another optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.

In the embodiment of the present application, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path. The following describes how the network-side network element configures the information of the upstream data stream or the information of the downstream data stream.

● Case 1: The indication information is used in the case where the network-side network element determines the information for configuring the uplink data flow for the first path.

In an optional manner, the network-side network element is a session management function network element (Session Management Function, SMF). Based on this, SMF configures upstream data flow information through the following process:

1. The SMF obtains uplink policy control charging (PCC) rules from a policy control function network element (Policy Control Function, PCF), or obtains an uplink contract from a unified data management network element (Unified Data Management, UDM) Information, or SMF uses its own pre-configured information.

2. The SMF triggers the UPF to establish an uplink data stream.

3. The SMF sends the QoS parameters corresponding to the uplink data flow to the base station, where the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.

Here, the radio bearer refers to DRB. The base station can establish DRB according to the QoS parameters provided by the SMF.

Further, while the SMF sends the QoS parameters corresponding to the uplink data flow to the base station, the SMF sends QoS rules to the base station, and the QoS rules are forwarded by the base station to the terminal, and the QoS rules are used for the terminal. Bind the upstream data to the upstream data stream.

Here, the QoS rule is sent to the base station by the SMF through a downlink NAS message. After receiving the QoS rule, the base station does not parse the QoS rule, and directly forwards the QoS rule to the terminal.

● Case 2: The indication information is used in the case where the network-side network element determines the information for configuring the downlink data stream for the first path.

In an optional manner, the network-side network element is an SMF. Based on this, SMF configures the information of the downlink data stream through the following process:

1. The SMF obtains downlink PCC rules from PCF, or obtains downlink subscription information from UDM, or SMF uses its own pre-configured information.

2. The SMF triggers the UPF to establish a downlink data stream.

Here, the SMF also sends a downlink PDR to the UPF, and the downlink PDR is used by the UPF to bind downlink data to a downlink data stream.

3. The SMF sends the QoS parameters corresponding to the downlink data stream to the base station, where the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.

The above situation 1 and situation 2 will be described in detail below with reference to Figure 4. It should be noted that Figure 4 takes the "PDU session establishment request message" as an example for illustration, and the "PDU session modification request message" is also applicable to the one shown in Figure 4. For the process, just replace the "PDU session establishment request message" in Figure 4 with the "PDU session modification request message". The process shown in Figure 4 includes the following steps:

1. The terminal sends a PDU session establishment request message to the SMF, and the PDU session establishment request message carries indication information.

For the content indicated by the instruction information here, reference may be made to the description of the aforementioned related solutions.

2. SMF interacts with PCF and obtains PCC rules from PCF.

Here, optionally, the SMF may send the instruction information to the PCF, and the PCF sends the corresponding PCC rule to the SMF according to the instruction information. For example, the PCF only sends the uplink PCC rule to the SMF or only the downlink PCC rule to the SMF according to the instruction information.

3. SMF interacts with UDM to obtain contract information from UDM.

Here, optionally, the SMF may send the instruction information to the UDM, and the UDM sends the corresponding subscription information to the SMF according to the instruction information. For example, the UDM only sends the uplink subscription information to the SMF or only the downlink subscription information to the SMF according to the instruction information.

4. SMF interacts with UPF to establish an upstream data stream or a downstream data stream.

Here, the SMF also interacts with the UPF, and only establishes an uplink core network tunnel (such as the uplink N3Tunnel) or a downlink core network tunnel (the following line N3Tunnel).

In specific implementation, the SMF sends relevant information to the UPF, requiring the UPF to only establish an uplink data stream or a downlink data stream, and only establish an uplink core network tunnel or a downlink core network tunnel.

Further, the SMF also sends a downlink PDR to the UPF, and the downlink PDR is used by the UPF to bind the downlink data to the downlink data stream.

5. The SMF sends the QoS parameters corresponding to the uplink data flow or the QoS parameters corresponding to the downlink data flow to the base station.

Further, the SMF also sends a NAS message to the base station, and the NAS message contains QoS rules. After receiving the NAS message, the base station directly forwards the QoS rule in the NAS message to the terminal, and the QoS rule is used for the terminal to bind the uplink data to the uplink data stream.

It should be noted that, optionally, the message sent by the SMF to the base station can be forwarded through the AMF, that is, the SMF first sends the message to the AMF, and then the AMF uses the N2 interface to forward the message to the base station.

6. The base station establishes a radio bearer according to the QoS parameters sent by the core network.

It should be noted that in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, one path (such as the first path) in the PDU session is only used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission. Not limited to this, for a path in a PDU session, in addition to being used for transmission in one direction (such as upstream or downstream), the other direction (downstream or upstream) can also establish a limited number of QoS or specific QoS parameters. Data flow (such as the QoS data flow of the default rule). For example, the terminal sends a PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the first path. The PDU session establishment request message carries the identification and indication information of PDU session 1. The indication information indicates that the terminal needs to transmit uplink data. Then, the SMF is for PDU session 1. In the first path, in addition to establishing an upstream data flow, a downstream data flow corresponding to a default QoS rule (or a default QoS data flow) can also be established. In this way, the logical functions of the core network can be retained.

The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can realize the dual-pass capability when the terminal capability is limited. For example, the terminal has two communication cards inserted, namely USIM-1 and USIM-2. However, the terminal is limited by its capabilities (for example, it only supports single-transmit and double-receive (1Tx/2Rx) or single-transmit and single-receive (1Tx/1Rx). )), it is not possible to achieve dual-transmit and dual-receive at the same time. For a terminal that supports 1Tx/2Rx, if you want the terminal to be connected to two networks (such as the first network and the second network) and perform data services at the same time, one possible method is to use the receiver on the first network. Channel-1 (Rx-1) receives the downlink data of the first network and uses the transmit channel-1 (Tx-1) to send the uplink data of the first network and the second network. On the second network, it uses the receive channel-2 ( Rx-2) Receive downlink data. In this way, two paths are required to correspond to the same PDU session, one path is used to send only the uplink data of the second network, and the other path is only used to receive the downlink data of the second network.

Based on this, one of the multiple paths in the above solution can be used for uplink transmission, and the other path can be used for downlink transmission. In this way, different paths of the multiple paths can be used to transmit data in different directions. Specifically, the multiple paths include a first path and a second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for downlink transmission; wherein,

1. The terminal sends a first PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the first path, and accordingly, the network-side network element receives the message sent by the terminal through the first path A first PDU session establishment or modification request message, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is for Uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein the first indication information is used for the information that the network-side network element configures the uplink data flow for the first path;

2. The terminal sends a second PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the second path, and accordingly, the network-side network element receives the message sent by the terminal through the second path A second PDU session establishment or modification request message, where the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a second PDU session identifier and second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is for Downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for information for the network-side network element to configure a downlink data stream for the second path.

Referring to Figure 5, Figure 5 takes the "PDU Session Establishment Request Message" as an example for illustration. The "PDU Session Modification Request Message" is also applicable to the process shown in Figure 5. You only need to change the "PDU Session Establishment Request Message" in Figure 5 Replace it with "PDU Session Modification Request Message". The process shown in Figure 5 includes the following steps:

1. The terminal sends a first PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the first path. The first PDU session establishment request message carries the PDU session identifier-1 and first indication information. The first indication information indicates that the terminal needs to transmit uplink data.

2. Perform the process of establishing an upstream data stream.

Here, the process of establishing an upstream data stream can be performed with reference to steps 2-6 in FIG. 4.

3. The terminal sends a second PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the second path. The second PDU session establishment request message carries the PDU session identifier-2 and second indication information. The second indication information indicates that the terminal needs to transmit downlink data.

4. Perform the process of establishing a downstream data stream.

Here, the process of establishing a downlink data stream can be performed with reference to steps 2-6 in FIG. 4.

A) In the above solution, in an optional manner, the first PDU session identifier is the same as the second PDU session identifier, and correspondingly, the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session.

Here, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session, the terminal address used on the first path is the same as the terminal address used on the second path.

B) In the above solution, in another optional manner, the first PDU session identifier is different from the second PDU session identifier, and accordingly, the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions .

Here, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions, the terminal address used on the first path is different from the terminal address used on the second path.

b-1): The terminal address used on the first path is the first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is the second address, wherein the uplink data of the terminal is based on the terminal The first address is transmitted to the server, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted to the terminal by the server based on the second address.

b-2): The terminal address used on the first path is the first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is the second address, wherein the uplink data of the terminal is based on the terminal The first address is transmitted to the server, the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the user plane network element based on the first address, and the user plane network element replaces the first address with The second address is then transmitted to the terminal based on the second address.

In the embodiment of the present application, the network accessed by the terminal includes a first network and a second network, and the PDU session on the first path and the PDU session on the second path can be established in the following manner.

I) The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the first network to complete the establishment of the PDU session; the PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: The core network of the second network interacts to complete the establishment of the PDU session.

II) The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal establishes a first user plane connection on the first network, accesses a non-3GPP access node through the first user plane connection, and passes all The non-3GPP access node interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of a PDU session; the PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the second network to complete PDU The session is established.

Here, the non-3GPP access node is, for example, a non-3GPP interworking function network element (Non-3GPP Inter Working Function, N3IWF).

In the above solution, in an optional manner, the first network is a public land mobile network (Public Land Mobile Network, PLMN), and the second network is a standalone non-public network (Standalone Non-Public Network, SNPN).

In the above solution, in another optional manner, the first network is a first PLMN, and the second network is a second PLMN.

The following describes the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application with examples in combination with specific scenarios.

scene one

Referring to Figure 6-1, there are two paths under PDU Session-1, namely the first path and the second path, where the first path is used for uplink transmission and the second path is used for downlink transmission.

In this case, the first path and the second path use the same UE IP address for communication.

It should be noted that the base stations (or wireless access nodes) corresponding to the first path and the second path can be the same base station or different base stations (for example, two paths are established respectively through the PLMN-1 base station and the PLMN-2 base station) ). In addition, the first path and the second path may correspond to the same type of access technology or may correspond to two different types of access technologies (for example, the first path is accessed through the 3GPP network, and the second path is accessed through the WLAN).

Scene two

Referring to Figure 6-2, there is a first path under PDU session-1, and a second path under PDU session-2. The first path is used for uplink transmission and the second path is used for downlink transmission. The first path corresponds to wireless access node-1 and UPF-1, and the second path corresponds to wireless access node-2 and UPF-2.

Here, the terminal can access PLMN and SNPN at the same time, PDU session-1 is established under PLMN, and PDU session-2 is established under SNPN.

Among them, the PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal registers on the PLMN and establishes a user plane connection with the PLMN-UPF (ie, the PDU session on the PLMN side); the PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner Establishment: The terminal registers on the SNPN and establishes a user plane connection with the SNPN-UPF (that is, the PDU session on the SNPN side).

In this case, the first path and the second path use different UE IP addresses for communication. The server needs to perceive that the uplink and downlink data packets come from different PDU sessions, so as to use different UE IP addresses to communicate with the terminal. For example, the IP address of the UE that the server receives the uplink data packet is IP address 1, and the IP address of the UE used in the downlink data packet sent to the terminal is IP address 2.

Scene three

Referring to Figure 6-3, there is a first path under PDU session-1, and a second path under PDU session-2, where the first path is used for uplink transmission and the second path is used for downlink transmission.

Here, the terminal accesses the PLMN, and PDU session-1 and PDU session-2 are established under the PLMN.

Wherein, both the PDU session on the first path and the PDU session on the second path can be established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the PLMN (such as the control plane network element) to complete the establishment of the PDU session between the terminal and the UPF.

In this case, the first path and the second path use different UE IP addresses for communication.

1) The server needs to sense that the uplink and downlink data packets come from different PDU sessions, and use different UE IP addresses to communicate with the terminal. For example, the IP address of the UE that the server receives the uplink data packet is IP address 1, and the IP address of the UE used in the downlink data packet sent to the terminal is IP address 2. or,

2) The server does not need to perceive that the uplink and downlink data packets come from different PDU sessions, and the UPF performs the replacement of the UP IP address (that is, the UPF shields the difference of the UP IP address). Referring to Figure 7-1, the terminal transmits the uplink data packet to the UPF through the first path under the PDU session-1, and the UPF transmits the uplink data packet to the server. The source address of the uplink data packet is IP address 1. The server sends a downlink data packet to UPF, and the destination address of the downlink data packet is IP address 1. UPF converts the destination address of the downlink data packet from IP address 1 to IP address 2, and transmits the downlink data packet to the terminal through the second path under PDU session-2.

Scene four

Referring to Figure 6-4, there are two paths under PDU Session-1, namely the first path and the second path, where the first path is used for uplink transmission and the second path is used for downlink transmission.

Here, the terminal can access the PLMN and SNPN at the same time. In an example, the SNPN can send the content of the server through multicast, and the terminal sends data to the server through the PLMN.

Wherein, the PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal registers on the PLMN and establishes a first user plane connection with the PLMN-UPF (that is, a PDU session on the PLMN side), and connects via the first user plane Access to N3IWF, and interact with the core network (control plane) network element of SNPN through the N3IWF to establish a second user plane connection with NPN-UPF (ie PDU session on the SNPN side); PDU on the second path The session is established in the following way: the terminal interacts with the core network (control plane) network element of the SNPN, and establishes a user plane connection with the NPN-UPF (that is, the PDU session on the SNPN side).

Scene five

Referring to Figure 6-5, there is a first path under PDU session-1, and a second path under PDU session-2, where the first path is used for uplink transmission and the second path is used for downlink transmission.

Wherein, the PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal registers on the PLMN and establishes a first user plane connection with the PLMN-UPF (that is, a PDU session on the PLMN side), and connects via the first user plane Access to N3IWF, and interact with the core network (control plane) network element of SNPN through the N3IWF to establish a second user plane connection with SNPN-UPF (ie PDU session on the SNPN side); PDU on the second path The session is established in the following way: the terminal interacts with the core network (control plane) network element of the SNPN, and establishes a user plane connection with the NPN-UPF (that is, the PDU session on the SNPN side).

1) The server needs to perceive that the uplink and downlink data packets come from different PDU sessions, so as to use different UE IP addresses to communicate with the terminal. For example, the IP address of the UE that the server receives the uplink data packet is IP address 1, and the IP address of the UE used in the downlink data packet sent to the terminal is IP address 2. or,

2) The server does not need to perceive that the uplink and downlink data packets come from different PDU sessions, and the SNPN-UPF performs the replacement of the UP IP address (that is, the SNPN-UPF shields the difference of the UP IP address). Referring to Figure 7-2, the terminal transmits the uplink data packet to PLMN-UPF through the first path under PDU session-1, and transmits it to SNPN-UPF through PLMN-UPF, and SNPN-UPF transmits the uplink data packet to the server. The source address is IP address 1. The server sends a downlink data packet to the SNPN-UPF, and the destination address of the downlink data packet is IP address 1. SNPN-UPF associates the downlink data packet with PDU session-2, and converts the destination address of the downlink data packet from IP address 1 to IP address 2, and transmits the downlink data packet to the second path under PDU session-2. terminal.

Scene six

There are two communication cards inserted in the terminal, namely USIM-1 and USIM-2. However, the terminal is limited by its capabilities (for example, it only supports single-transmit and double-receive (1Tx/2Rx) or single-transmit and single-receive (1Tx/1Rx)). , Can not achieve dual-transmit and dual-receive at the same time. For a terminal that supports 1Tx/2Rx, if you want the terminal to connect to two networks (such as PLMN-1 and PLMN-2) and perform data services at the same time, one possible method is to use receiving on PLMN-1 Channel-1 (Rx-1) receives the downlink data of PLMN-1 and uses the transmit channel-1 (Tx-1) to send the uplink data of PLMN-1 and PLMN-2. On PLMN-2, it uses the receive channel-2( Rx-2) Receive downlink data. In this way, two paths are required to correspond to the same PDU session, one path is used to send only the uplink data of PLMN-2, and the other path is only used to receive the downlink data of PLMN-2.

Refer to Figure 6-6, the terminal has only one Tx (ie Tx-1) and two Rx (ie Rx-1 and Rx-2), among them, USIM-1 uses Tx-1 and Rx-1 to establish in PLMN-1 PDU session and server for data transmission. In this case, if the terminal wants to use USIM-2 to transmit data with the server, it needs to use Rx-2 to receive the downlink data of PLMN-2, and multiplex Tx-1 to send the uplink data of PLMN-2. The terminal multiplexing Tx-1 to send PLMN-2 uplink data can be realized in the following ways: the terminal accesses the N3IWF through the user plane connection of PLMN-1 (ie the PDU session of PLMN-1), and through the core of N3IWF and PLMN-2 Network (control plane) network elements interact to establish a user plane connection with PLMN-2UPF (ie PLMN-2 PDU session), so that Tx-1 can be used to send data to PLMN-2 through PLMN-1 and then to server. Specifically, referring to FIG. 8, the process for the terminal to establish a PDU session on the PLMN-2 side through the user plane connection of PLMN-1 is as follows:

1. The terminal interacts with the core network of PLMN-1 through RAN-1 to complete registration on PLMN-1 and establishment of a PLMN-1 PDU session.

2. The terminal interacts with the N3IWF through the PLMN-1PDU session to establish an IPSec channel.

3. The terminal interacts with the core network of the PLMN-2 through the IPSec channel established with the N3IWF to complete the registration on the PLMN-2 and the establishment of the PLMN-2 PDU session.

4. The terminal and the server perform data transmission through the PLMN-2PDU session.

It should be noted that PLMN-1 PDU refers to a PDU session on the PLMN-1 side, and a PLMN-2 PDU session refers to a PDU session on the PLMN-2 side.

It should be noted that the N3IWF is used to enable the terminal to access the core network through a non-3GPP access method, so as to complete operations such as registration with the core network and establishment/modification of a PDU session. In this scenario, "non-3GPP access" refers to the user plane connection of PLMN-1 (that is, the PDU session of PLMN-1). In addition, "non-3GPP access" can also mean WLAN access, satellite access, and so on.

The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can realize the dual-pass capability when the terminal capability is limited. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application make full use of the existing architecture process and are easy to implement. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be used in a variety of scenarios, including a combined scenario of PLMN and SNPN, a combined scenario of different PLMNs, a single USIM card scenario, a multiple USIM card scenario, and so on.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of the structural composition of the multi-path transmission device provided by an embodiment of the application, which is applied to a network-side network element. As shown in FIG. 9, the multi-path transmission device includes:

The receiving unit 901 is configured to receive instruction information sent by the terminal through a first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or For downlink transmission, whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

In an optional manner, the indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: the service transmitted on the user plane connection, the service transmitted on the first path, and the characteristic information of the data packet transmitted on the user plane connection.

In an optional manner, the characteristic information of the data packet includes at least one of the following: address information of the server, port information of the server, protocol type used by the server to transmit data, domain name information of the server, and DSCP information of the data packet.

In an optional manner, the indication information is carried in an uplink NAS message.

In an optional manner, the uplink NAS message is a PDU session establishment or modification request message.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths belong to the same PDU session; or,

The multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same UPF; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same wireless access node; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same RAT type; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.

In an optional manner, the network-side network element is an SMF;

When the indication information is used in the case where the network-side network element determines the information for configuring the uplink data flow for the first path, the apparatus further includes:

The trigger unit 902 is used to trigger the UPF to establish an uplink data stream;

The sending unit 903 is configured to send QoS parameters corresponding to the uplink data flow to the base station, where the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.

In an optional manner, the device further includes:

The obtaining unit (not shown in the figure) is used to obtain the uplink PCC rule from the PCF and obtain the uplink subscription letter from the UDM.

In an optional manner, the sending unit 903 is further configured to send QoS rules to the base station, and the QoS rules are forwarded by the base station to the terminal, and the QoS rules are used for the terminal to bind uplink data. On the upstream data stream.

In an optional manner, the QoS rule is sent to the base station by the SMF via a downlink NAS message.

In an optional manner, the network-side network element is an SMF;

In a case where the indication information is used in a case where the network-side network element determines information for configuring a downlink data stream for the first path, the apparatus further includes:

The trigger unit 902 is used to trigger the UPF to establish a downlink data stream;

The sending unit 903 is configured to send QoS parameters corresponding to the downlink data stream to the base station, where the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.

In an optional manner, the device further includes:

The obtaining unit is used to obtain the downlink PCC rule from the PCF and obtain the downlink subscription letter from the UDM.

In an optional manner, the sending unit 903 is further configured to send a downlink PDR to the UPF, and the downlink PDR is used for the UPF to bind downlink data to a downlink data stream.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths include the first path and the second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for downlink transmission;

The receiving unit 901 is configured to receive a first PDU session establishment or modification request message sent by the terminal through the first path, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and a first Indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is used for uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein, the first indication information is used for the network-side network element pair The first path configures the information of the uplink data flow;

The receiving unit 901 is further configured to receive a second PDU session establishment or modification request message sent by the terminal through the second path, where the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a second PDU session identifier and a second PDU session identifier. Two indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is used for downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for the network-side network element Configure downlink data flow information for the second path.

In an optional manner, the first PDU session identifier is the same as the second PDU session identifier, and correspondingly, the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session; or,

The first PDU session identifier is different from the second PDU session identifier, and accordingly, the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions.

In an optional manner, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session,

The terminal address used on the first path is the same as the terminal address used on the second path.

In an optional manner, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions,

The terminal address used on the first path is different from the terminal address used on the second path.

In an optional manner, the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the terminal based on the second address.

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the user plane network element based on the first address. The user plane network element replaces the first address with a second address and then transmits it to the terminal based on the second address.

In an optional manner, the network accessed by the terminal includes a first network and a second network,

The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal establishes a first user plane connection on the first network, accesses a non-3GPP access node through the first user plane connection, and uses the non-3GPP access node. The 3GPP access node interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of a PDU session;

The PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of the PDU session.

In an optional manner, the first network is PLMN, and the second network is SNPN.

In an optional manner, the first network is a first PLMN, and the second network is a second PLMN.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the relevant description of the foregoing multi-path transmission apparatus in the embodiment of the present application can be understood with reference to the relevant description of the multi-path transmission method in the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 10 is a second schematic diagram of the structural composition of the multi-path transmission device provided by an embodiment of the application, which is applied to a terminal. As shown in FIG. 10, the multi-path transmission device includes:

The sending unit 1001 is configured to send indication information to a network-side network element through a first path, where the indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and the first path is used for uplink Whether the transmission is downlink transmission, or whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

In an optional manner, the multiple paths belong to the same PDU session; or,

The multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same UPF; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.

The multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths correspond to the same RAT type; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.

In an optional manner, the multiple paths include the first path and the second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for downlink transmission; wherein,

The sending unit 1001 is configured to send a first PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the first path, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and First indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is used for uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein, the first indication information is used for the network side network Element configures the information of the uplink data flow for the first path;

The sending unit 1001 is further configured to send a second PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the second path, where the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a second PDU session identifier And second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is used for downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for the network side The network element configures downlink data flow information for the second path.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device may be a terminal or a network-side network element. The communication device 1100 shown in FIG. 11 includes a processor 1110. The processor 1110 can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application. .

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 11, the communication device 1100 may further include a memory 1120. The processor 1110 can call and run a computer program from the memory 1120 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

The memory 1120 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1110, or may be integrated in the processor 1110.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 11, the communication device 1100 may further include a transceiver 1130, and the processor 1110 may control the transceiver 1130 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, it may send information or data to other devices, or receive other devices. Information or data sent by the device.

Among them, the transceiver 1130 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1130 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

Optionally, the communication device 1100 may specifically be a network device of an embodiment of the application, and the communication device 1100 may implement the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here. .

Optionally, the communication device 1100 may specifically be a mobile terminal/terminal according to an embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1100 may implement corresponding processes implemented by the mobile terminal/terminal in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, This will not be repeated here.

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip of an embodiment of the present application. The chip 1200 shown in FIG. 12 includes a processor 1210, and the processor 1210 can call and run a computer program from the memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 12, the chip 1200 may further include a memory 1220. The processor 1210 can call and run a computer program from the memory 1220 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

The memory 1220 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1210, or may be integrated in the processor 1210.

Optionally, the chip 1200 may further include an input interface 1230. The processor 1210 can control the input interface 1230 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, can obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.

Optionally, the chip 1200 may further include an output interface 1240. The processor 1210 can control the output interface 1240 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, can output information or data to other devices or chips.

Optionally, the chip can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, details are not described herein again.

Optionally, the chip can be applied to the mobile terminal/terminal in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding process implemented by the mobile terminal/terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be omitted here Go into details.

It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as a system-level chip, a system-on-chip, a system-on-chip, or a system-on-chip, etc.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 1300 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 13, the communication system 1300 includes a terminal 1310 and a network device 1320.

The terminal 1310 may be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the terminal in the foregoing method, and the network device 1320 may be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the network device in the foregoing method. For brevity, details are not described herein again.

It should be understood that the processor of the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, the steps of the foregoing method embodiments may be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or instructions in the form of software. The above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other Programming logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

It can be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of exemplary but not restrictive description, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (Static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (Dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Double Data Rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory (Synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) ) And Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memories of the systems and methods described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

It should be understood that the foregoing memory is exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memory in the embodiment of the present application may also be static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), Synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection Dynamic random access memory (synch link DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM) and so on. That is to say, the memory in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs.

Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, here No longer.

Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the mobile terminal/terminal in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the mobile terminal/terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application, in order to It's concise, so I won't repeat it here.

The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it is not here. Go into details again.

Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the mobile terminal/terminal in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the mobile terminal/terminal in each method of the embodiment of the present application, for the sake of brevity , I won’t repeat it here.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.

Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity , I won’t repeat it here.

Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the mobile terminal/terminal in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, the computer can execute the corresponding methods implemented by the mobile terminal/terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, the process will not be repeated here.

A person of ordinary skill in the art may realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working process of the system, device and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device, and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.

In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory,) ROM, random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .

The above are only specific implementations of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application. Should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

A multi-path transmission method, the method includes:

The network-side network element receives the indication information sent by the terminal through the first path, where the indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission , Whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

Wherein, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: a service transmitted on a user plane connection, a service transmitted on the first path, and a data packet transmitted on a user plane connection Characteristic information.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the characteristic information of the data packet includes at least one of the following: address information of the server, port information of the server, protocol type used by the server to transmit data, domain name information of the server, and data packet information Differentiated services code point DSCP information.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the indication information is carried in an uplink non-access stratum NAS message.
The method according to claim 4, wherein the uplink NAS message is a protocol data unit PDU session establishment or modification request message.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:

The multiple paths belong to the same PDU session; or,

The multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same user plane function network element UPF; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same wireless access node; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same radio access technology RAT type; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the network-side network element is a session management function network element SMF;

When the indication information is used in the case where the network-side network element determines the information for configuring the uplink data flow for the first path, the method further includes:

The SMF triggers the UPF to establish an uplink data stream;

The SMF sends the quality of service QoS parameters corresponding to the uplink data flow to the base station, and the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.
The method according to claim 10, wherein, before the SMF triggers UPF to establish an uplink data stream, the method further comprises:

The SMF obtains the uplink policy control charging PCC rules from the policy control function network element PCF, and obtains the uplink subscription letter from the unified data management network element UDM.
The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the method further comprises:

The SMF sends a QoS rule to the base station, the QoS rule is forwarded by the base station to the terminal, and the QoS rule is used by the terminal to bind uplink data to an uplink data stream.
The method according to claim 12, wherein the QoS rule is sent to the base station by the SMF via a downlink NAS message.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the network-side network element is an SMF;

In a case where the indication information is used for the network-side network element to determine information for configuring a downlink data stream for the first path, the method further includes:

The SMF triggers the UPF to establish a downlink data stream;

The SMF sends the QoS parameters corresponding to the downlink data stream to the base station, and the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.
The method according to claim 14, wherein, before the SMF triggers the UPF to establish a downlink data stream, the method further includes:

The SMF obtains downlink PCC rules from PCF, and obtains downlink subscription letter from UDM.
The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the method further comprises:

The SMF sends a downlink data packet detection rule PDR to the UPF, where the downlink PDR is used by the UPF to bind downlink data to a downlink data stream.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the multiple paths include the first path and the second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for Downlink transmission; among them,

The receiving of the instruction information sent by the terminal through the first path by the network-side network element includes:

The network-side network element receives a first PDU session establishment or modification request message sent by the terminal through the first path, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and first indication information , The first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is used for uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein, the first indication information is used for the network-side network element to respond to the The first path configures the information of the upstream data flow;

The method further includes: the network-side network element receiving a second PDU session establishment or modification request message sent by the terminal through the second path, the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carrying a second PDU session Identification and second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is used for downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for the network The side network element configures downlink data flow information for the second path.
The method according to claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:

The first PDU session identifier is the same as the second PDU session identifier, and correspondingly, the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session; or,

The first PDU session identifier is different from the second PDU session identifier, and accordingly, the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions.
The method according to claim 18, wherein, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session,

The terminal address used on the first path is the same as the terminal address used on the second path.
The method according to claim 18, wherein, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions,

The terminal address used on the first path is different from the terminal address used on the second path.
The method according to claim 20, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the terminal based on the second address.
The method according to claim 20, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the user plane network element based on the first address. The user plane network element replaces the first address with a second address and then transmits it to the terminal based on the second address.
The method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the network accessed by the terminal includes a first network and a second network,

The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal establishes a first user plane connection on the first network, and accesses a non-third generation partnership project 3GPP access node through the first user plane connection , And interact with the core network of the second network through the non-3GPP access node to complete the establishment of a PDU session;

The PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of the PDU session.
The method according to claim 23, wherein the first network is a public land mobile network PLMN, and the second network is an independent networked non-public network SNPN.
The method according to claim 23, wherein the first network is a first PLMN and the second network is a second PLMN.
A multi-path transmission method, the method includes:

The terminal sends instruction information to the network-side network element through the first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink transmission, Whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

Wherein, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path.
The method according to claim 26, wherein the indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: a service transmitted on a user plane connection, a service transmitted on the first path, and a data packet transmitted on a user plane connection Characteristic information.
The method according to claim 27, wherein the characteristic information of the data packet includes at least one of the following: address information of the server, port information of the server, protocol type used by the server to transmit data, domain name information of the server, and data packet information DSCP information.
The method according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the indication information is carried in an uplink NAS message.
The method according to claim 29, wherein the uplink NAS message is a PDU session establishment or modification request message.
The method according to any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein:

The multiple paths belong to the same PDU session; or,

The multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.
The method according to any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same UPF; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.
The method according to any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same wireless access node; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.
The method according to any one of claims 26 to 33, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same RAT type; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.
The method according to any one of claims 26 to 34, wherein the multiple paths include the first path and the second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for Downlink transmission; among them,

The terminal sending instruction information to the network-side network element through the first path includes:

Sending, by the terminal, a first PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the first path, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and first indication information, The first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is used for uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein, the first indication information is used for the network-side network element to respond to the second A path configures the information of the upstream data flow;

The method further includes: the terminal sends a second PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the second path, the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carrying a second PDU session identifier And second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is used for downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for the network side The network element configures the downlink data stream information for the second path.
The method of claim 35, wherein:

The first PDU session identifier is the same as the second PDU session identifier, and correspondingly, the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session; or,

The first PDU session identifier is different from the second PDU session identifier, and accordingly, the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions.
The method according to claim 36, wherein, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session,

The terminal address used on the first path is the same as the terminal address used on the second path.
The method according to claim 36, wherein, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions,

The terminal address used on the first path is different from the terminal address used on the second path.
The method according to claim 38, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the terminal based on the second address.
The method according to claim 38, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the user plane network element based on the first address. The user plane network element replaces the first address with a second address and then transmits it to the terminal based on the second address.
The method according to any one of claims 35 to 40, wherein the network accessed by the terminal includes a first network and a second network,

The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal establishes a first user plane connection on the first network, accesses a non-3GPP access node through the first user plane connection, and uses the non-3GPP access node. The 3GPP access node interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of a PDU session;

The PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of the PDU session.
The method of claim 41, wherein the first network is PLMN and the second network is SNPN.
The method of claim 41, wherein the first network is a first PLMN and the second network is a second PLMN.
A multi-path transmission device, applied to a network-side network element, and the device includes:

The receiving unit is configured to receive instruction information sent by the terminal through a first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and whether the first path is used for uplink transmission or downlink Transmission, whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

Wherein, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path.
The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: a service transmitted on a user plane connection, a service transmitted on the first path, and a data packet transmitted on a user plane connection Characteristic information.
The device according to claim 45, wherein the characteristic information of the data packet includes at least one of the following: address information of the server, port information of the server, protocol type used by the server to transmit data, domain name information of the server, and data packet information DSCP information.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 44 to 46, wherein the indication information is carried in an uplink NAS message.
The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the uplink NAS message is a PDU session establishment or modification request message.
The device according to any one of claims 44 to 48, wherein:

The multiple paths belong to the same PDU session; or,

The multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.
The device according to any one of claims 44 to 49, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same UPF; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.
The device according to any one of claims 44 to 50, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same wireless access node; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.
The device according to any one of claims 44 to 51, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same RAT type; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.
The device according to any one of claims 44 to 52, wherein the network-side network element is an SMF;

When the indication information is used in the case where the network-side network element determines the information for configuring the uplink data flow for the first path, the apparatus further includes:

The trigger unit is used to trigger the UPF to establish an upstream data stream;

The sending unit is configured to send QoS parameters corresponding to the uplink data flow to the base station, where the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.
The device according to claim 53, wherein the device further comprises:

The obtaining unit is used to obtain the uplink PCC rules from the PCF and obtain the uplink subscription letter from the UDM.
The apparatus according to claim 53 or 54, wherein the sending unit is further configured to send a QoS rule to a base station, the QoS rule is forwarded by the base station to the terminal, and the QoS rule is used for the terminal Bind the upstream data to the upstream data stream.
The apparatus according to claim 55, wherein the QoS rule is sent to the base station by the SMF via a downlink NAS message.
The device according to any one of claims 44 to 52, wherein the network-side network element is an SMF;

In a case where the indication information is used in a case where the network-side network element determines information for configuring a downlink data stream for the first path, the apparatus further includes:

The trigger unit is used to trigger the UPF to establish a downlink data stream;

The sending unit is configured to send QoS parameters corresponding to the downlink data stream to the base station, where the QoS parameters are used by the base station to establish a radio bearer.
The device of claim 57, wherein the device further comprises:

The obtaining unit is used to obtain the downlink PCC rule from the PCF and obtain the downlink subscription letter from the UDM.
The apparatus according to claim 57 or 58, wherein the sending unit is further configured to send a downlink PDR to the UPF, and the downlink PDR is used for the UPF to bind downlink data to a downlink data stream.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 44 to 59, wherein the multiple paths include the first path and the second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for Downlink transmission;

The receiving unit is configured to receive a first PDU session establishment or modification request message sent by the terminal through the first path, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and a first indication Information, the first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is used for uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein, the first indication information is used for the network-side network element to communicate with each other The information of configuring the uplink data flow on the first path;

The receiving unit is further configured to receive a second PDU session establishment or modification request message sent by the terminal through the second path, where the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a second PDU session identifier and a second Indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is used for downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for the network-side network element pair The second path configures the information of the downlink data stream.
The device of claim 60, wherein:

The first PDU session identifier is the same as the second PDU session identifier, and correspondingly, the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session; or,

The first PDU session identifier is different from the second PDU session identifier, and accordingly, the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions.
The apparatus according to claim 61, wherein, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session,

The terminal address used on the first path is the same as the terminal address used on the second path.
The apparatus according to claim 61, wherein for the case where the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions,

The terminal address used on the first path is different from the terminal address used on the second path.
The apparatus according to claim 63, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the terminal based on the second address.
The apparatus according to claim 63, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the user plane network element based on the first address. The user plane network element replaces the first address with a second address and then transmits it to the terminal based on the second address.
The device according to any one of claims 60 to 65, wherein the network accessed by the terminal includes a first network and a second network,

The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal establishes a first user plane connection on the first network, accesses a non-3GPP access node through the first user plane connection, and uses the non-3GPP access node. The 3GPP access node interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of a PDU session;

The PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of the PDU session.
The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the first network is PLMN and the second network is SNPN.
The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the first network is a first PLMN and the second network is a second PLMN.
A multi-path transmission device, applied to a terminal, and the device includes:

The sending unit is configured to send instruction information to the network-side network element through a first path, where the instruction information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the terminal transmits through multiple paths, and the first path is used for uplink transmission Whether it is downlink transmission or whether the terminal needs to transmit uplink data or downlink data;

Wherein, the indication information is used by the network-side network element to determine information about configuring an uplink data flow or information about a downlink data flow for the first path.
The apparatus according to claim 69, wherein the indication information is further used to indicate at least one of the following: a service transmitted on a user plane connection, a service transmitted on the first path, and a data packet transmitted on a user plane connection Characteristic information.
The device according to claim 70, wherein the characteristic information of the data packet includes at least one of the following: address information of the server, port information of the server, protocol type used by the server to transmit data, domain name information of the server, and data packet information DSCP information.
The device according to any one of claims 69 to 71, wherein the indication information is carried in an uplink NAS message.
The apparatus according to claim 72, wherein the uplink NAS message is a PDU session establishment or modification request message.
The device according to any one of claims 69 to 73, wherein:

The multiple paths belong to the same PDU session; or,

The multiple paths belong to multiple PDU sessions.
The device according to any one of claims 69 to 74, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same UPF; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple UPFs.
The device according to any one of claims 69 to 75, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same wireless access node; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple wireless access nodes.
The device according to any one of claims 69 to 76, wherein:

The multiple paths correspond to the same RAT type; or,

The multiple paths correspond to multiple RAT types.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 69 to 77, wherein the multiple paths include the first path and the second path, the first path is used for uplink transmission, and the second path is used for Downlink transmission; among them,

The sending unit is configured to send a first PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the first path, where the first PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a first PDU session identifier and a first An indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate that the first path is used for uplink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit uplink data; wherein, the first indication information is used for the network-side network element Configuring information about the uplink data flow for the first path;

The sending unit is further configured to send a second PDU session establishment or modification request message to the network-side network element through the second path, where the second PDU session establishment or modification request message carries a second PDU session identifier and Second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate that the second path is used for downlink transmission and/or the terminal needs to transmit downlink data; wherein, the second indication information is used for the network side network The element configures the downlink data stream information for the second path.
The device of claim 78, wherein:

The first PDU session identifier is the same as the second PDU session identifier, and correspondingly, the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session; or,

The first PDU session identifier is different from the second PDU session identifier, and accordingly, the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions.
The apparatus according to claim 79, wherein, for the case where the first path and the second path belong to the same PDU session,

The terminal address used on the first path is the same as the terminal address used on the second path.
The apparatus according to claim 79, wherein for the case where the first path and the second path belong to different PDU sessions,

The terminal address used on the first path is different from the terminal address used on the second path.
The device according to claim 81, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the terminal based on the second address.
The device according to claim 81, wherein the terminal address used on the first path is a first address, and the terminal address used on the second path is a second address,

Wherein, the uplink data of the terminal is transmitted by the terminal to the server based on the first address, and the downlink data of the terminal is transmitted by the server to the user plane network element based on the first address. The user plane network element replaces the first address with a second address and then transmits it to the terminal based on the second address.
The device according to any one of claims 78 to 83, wherein the network accessed by the terminal includes a first network and a second network,

The PDU session on the first path is established in the following manner: the terminal establishes a first user plane connection on the first network, accesses a non-3GPP access node through the first user plane connection, and uses the non-3GPP access node. The 3GPP access node interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of a PDU session;

The PDU session on the second path is established in the following manner: the terminal interacts with the core network of the second network to complete the establishment of the PDU session.
The apparatus of claim 84, wherein the first network is a PLMN and the second network is an SNPN.
The apparatus of claim 84, wherein the first network is a first PLMN and the second network is a second PLMN.
A network device, comprising: a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, and execute any one of claims 1 to 25 Methods.
A terminal comprising: a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, and execute the computer program according to any one of claims 26 to 43 method.
A chip comprising: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.
A chip comprising: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes the method according to any one of claims 26 to 43.
A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that enables a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.
A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that enables a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 26 to 43.
A computer program product comprising computer program instructions that cause a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.
A computer program product comprising computer program instructions that cause a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 26 to 43.
A computer program that causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.
A computer program that causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 26 to 43.