WO2021225530A1

WO2021225530A1 - Fluid flow density control device

Info

Publication number: WO2021225530A1
Application number: PCT/SK2020/050006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Henrich HAMRÁK; Tobiáš LAZAR
Original assignee: Exa Group, A.S.
Priority date: 2020-05-05
Filing date: 2020-05-05
Publication date: 2021-11-11

Abstract

The fluid flow density control device comprises at least one solid hollow body (1) each comprising the fluid inlet (6) and the fluid outlet (7) with the main opening (4.2) and the calibrated auxiliary opening (4.1), wherein the hollow storage housing (2) is firmly attached inside the fixed hollow body (1). In the hollow storage housing (2) the hollow piston (3) of ferromagnetic material is arranged movable along its longitudinal axis so that the outer profile of the bottom of the hollow piston (3) is to close the main fluid outlet opening when the piston is in its end position. The inner walls of the hollow storage housing (2) and the inner walls of the hollow piston (3) define a closed inner specific volume (10) with a variable capacity depending on the position of the hollow piston (3) along its longitudinal axis. The inner walls of the solid hollow body (1) together with the outer walls of the hollow storage housing (2) and the outer walls of the hollow piston (3) define the closed outer specific volume (9) with variable capacity depending on the position of the hollow piston (3) along its longitudinal axis. The device also comprises the solenoid (5) located in the inner specific volume (10) in the hollow storage housing (2) mounted on the holding device (3.4) and connected to the source of electric current to induce the magnetic field for influence of the movable hollow piston (3).

Description

Fluid flow density control device

Technical field

The invention relates to device for density control of fluid flow, which is subjected to high temperatures and pressures when entering into a closed volume (space). The invention also relates to excavating of openings in rock massifs using such device.

Background of the invention

The greater part of technical devices, especially those that use energy stored in pressure tanks, has physical and operational limitations expressed by limit values. Emptying and filling of energy storage tanks (accumulators) with pressurized energy, the carriers of which are fluids, is performed by devices in which the outlet (or inlet) cross-section is controlled. The described processes have a reversible character, when the kinetic energy of the fluid changes to potential energy (when filling the energy accumulator) and vice versa (when emptying the accumulator). In the first case according to known laws (equation of state), the density of the fluid in the accumulator space increases to values that stop the supply of fluid. Conversely when emptying, e.g. with a sharp increase in the content of the cross-section of the fluid outlet, a sharp decrease in the density of the fluid occurs in a closed volume of the accumulator. The described state negatively affects the stability of work of the technological equipment, which works on the principle of cyclic changes of pressure values.

Devices that adapt - correct the conversion of potential (pressure) energy to kinetic energy and at the same time stabilize the density of the pressure fluid are not known. The principles used till now use for stabilization of density of a flowing fluid the change of the cross-section in the inlets (or outlets) of pipeline by means of continuous or discrete controllers respectively. Another problem is the control of the flow density of the high-pressure energy of fluids to the remote appliances, to which the pressure source of the fluids is connected by a long pipeline, which results in a transport delay. This phenomenon when using liquid carriers of pressurized energy prevents its program energetic usage and causes destabilization of the supply system. Patent documents such as DE19623718 and the other control elements mentioned therein contain springs, seals and seats made of materials which do not allow their use in environments of high temperatures, pressures and at the use of aggressive liquid media. In addition, a method of discretely controlled density of a fluids flow in a closed working volume under high pressures and temperatures is not known. The device used to control the flow density of a fluid in a closed working volume, which is subjected to the high temperatures and pressures introduced in patent application DE102008031490 in Fig. 11 with position 52, operates continuously over time, without the possibility of control of the change in fluid flow dynamics into the working volume of the chamber, which weakens the economics of conversion of the potential pressure energy to kinetic energy and reduces the accuracy of output parameters.

Summary of the invention

The above-mentioned deficiencies are largely eliminated by the solution according to this invention. The essence of invention lies in the fact that the device for control of the density of fluid flow is at least one solid hollow body, the front part of which is provided with a fluid inlet and the rear part with its outlet. The fluid outlet has a main opening and at least one calibrated auxiliary opening. In the cavity of the solid hollow body, the hollow storage housing is located and firmly anchored (fixed), the geometry of which corresponds to the shape of the fixed hollow body. The outer walls of the firmly anchored hollow storage housing form with the inner wall of the solid hollow body a volume with two parts which open into its outlet.

A hollow piston made of ferromagnetic material, which is movable along its longitudinal axis, the upper part of which is open, and which has a shaped face adapted to close the outlet of the hollow storage housing with its outer wall, is fit placed in the hollow storage housing firmly anchored. The outer profile of the shaped face of the hollow piston closes the main opening of the fluid outlet when the hollow piston is in its end position. The calibrated auxiliary opening or openings improve the dynamic properties of the controlled fluid density corrector by allowing the fluid density in the outer specific volume and the inner specific volume to be balanced at any position of the hollow piston. The inner walls of the hollow piston from their bottom through their upper open part together with the inner walls of the cavity of the hollow storage housing define a closed inner specific volume with variable capacity connected to the inlet depending on the position of the hollow piston along its longitudinal axis. Thanks to the use of a hollow piston, it is possible, even with small dimensions of the whole device, to ensure an adequate size of the internal specific volume and thus also to ensure a more flexible change of its position following the change of the magnetic field.

The speed of movement of the hollow piston and its position is controlled by magnetic field generated by electrically powered solenoid. The respective solenoid, which contains a defined number of turns of different profiled cross-section, can be inserted into the volume of the hollow storage housing or placed on the solid hollow body. A calibrated insert with a seat is located at the outlet of the hollow storage housing, the parametric geometry of which, together with the volume defined between the inner wall of the solid hollow body, the outer wall of the storage housing and the outer wall of the hollow piston, represents an outer specific volume with variable capacity depending on the position of the hollow piston along its longitudinal axis. The shaped face of the movable hollow piston acts on the seat of the calibrated insert by the pressure force of fluid. The cross-sectional content of the bottom of the movable hollow piston and the cross-sectional content of the shaped face of the movable hollow piston are different when the cross-sectional content of the shaped face is larger. Fluids whose density is corrected in the mentioned space can have a different physical nature. The control signal medium is electrical energy, the changes of which are determined by a control device - computer. The fluid flow density control device is actuated by connecting the inlet on the front mounting part of the device to the fluid supply pressure source and the outlet at the rear connecting to the inlet of the closed internal volume of the working device into which the fluid flows. Computer generated electrical energy is applied to the solenoid terminals. The movable hollow piston is characterized by magnetic properties shaped over time by the variable intensity of the flowing electric current in the solenoid. The change of intensity of the flowing electric current and thus also the movement of the hollow piston influenced by it can have a continuous or discrete character. The flowing fluid thus passes through a time-varying internal and external volume under the shaped face of the movable hollow piston, which is affected by a time change in the magnetic field strength of the solenoid into the seat inlet, which is the outlet in connection with the technological operating device for which the fluid is intended.

Another inflow of pressurized fluid increases the density in the external specific volume, as a result of which the pressure changes. Different densities in the outer specific volume and the inner specific volume occur when the fluid is denser in the outer specific volume. The difference in densities below and above the bottom of the fluid flow density control device causes the movable hollow piston to move upwards, which increases the external specific volume that is filled with the inflowing fluid. The induced controlled magnetic interaction forces of the solenoid affect the movement of the movable hollow piston in the desired manner so that the density in the external specific volume varies according to the speed and position of the movable hollow piston over time in a manner determined by the cycle set by the control device - computer or other suitable manner. When the density decreases, the function is reversed. In the internal specific volume, the increase in density causes the downward movement of the movable hollow piston. The molecular forces in the precisely fitted channel formed between the shaped face of the movable hollow piston and the inner wall of the immovable hollow storage housing allow only a slow escape of fluid from the inner specific volume over time. The speed of movement of the hollow piston is affected by the interactive magnetic forces of the solenoid, which can speed up or slow down the movement. In this way, it is thus possible to influence the operating point of the system and thus its performance as required and adapt it to a value other than the value resulting from the dimensional and material characteristics of the fluid flow density control device itself. This can be beneficial in applications where it is necessary to flexibly set the operating point without the operative possibility of replacing the fluid flow density control device, such as excavation, when the operating point needs to be changed depending on the rock type or other similar applications. After the power supply to the solenoid is interrupted, the interactive magnetic forces disappear and the fluid flow density control device remains in an autonomous operating mode.

The physical properties of fluids, the nature of the conversion of potential energy to kinetic and vice versa, as well as the need to eliminate the effect of transport delay, may require a change in shape and structure, while the operating principle of the fluid flow density control device remains unchanged.

Brief description of the drawings

In the accompanying drawing in Fig. 1 is the diagram of device for control of flow density of the fluids with internal solenoid.

In the accompanying drawing in Fig. 2 is the diagram of device for control of flow density of the fluids with external solenoid with different density of winding and with different profile of conductors.

The accompanying drawing in Fig. 3 depicts the schematic section of the device for control of the growth rate of the resulting density of two fluids by means of two devices for control of flow density of the fluids with inner and outer solenoid.

The accompanying drawing in Fig. 4 depicts the diagram of flow of the working media, signals, and the control of linear increase in density of two fluids by means of two fluid flow density control devices with inner and outer solenoid.

Examples of embodiment

Example 1

The device according to invention, the schematic section of which is shown in

Fig. 1, is intended to control the density of fluid flow, which is exposed to high temperatures and pressures when entering into the closed volume (space). The flowing fluid with density V^' is fed through a pipe to the fluid inlet 6 of the body 1 with the internal structure of a fluid flow density control device V into the volume 12 of the working chamber 11 with an outlet 13 into the technological space 18 (not shown in

Fig.1 , but from its illustration in Fig. 4 is evident also its location in this exemplary embodiment), where the density V of the fluid changes randomly. The requirement is to maintain a linear increase in the density V of a fluid in the technological space 18, which determines the economics of its function as a field of the time criterion. The initial conditions of function of the fluid flow density control device according to Fig. 1 expresses the value of the electric current, which is represented by the signal g of the density correction V fed from the output of the control device 25 and which represents the difference between the values of the signals e of the required density and the density V of the fluid measured in the technological space 18. The correction signal g is fed to the input of internal immovable solenoid 5 held by holding device 3.4 on the hollow storage housing 2, which fixes with magnetic force the required position of movable hollow piston 3 made of ferromagnetic material. The arrangement with internal solenoid is advantageous because the solenoid-generated magnetic field acting on the piston is not directly affected by the body of the device itself. The shaped face 3.1 of movable hollow piston 3 separates the outer specific volume 9 and the inner specific volume 10. The positioned movable hollow piston 3 allows the flow of fluid from the inlet 6 around the outer walls of immovable hollow storage housing 2 to the outer specific volume 9 of the calibrated insert 4 with seat and fluid outlet 7. From the outer specific volume 9 the fluid flows through a precisely fitted channel 3.3 formed by outer wall of movable hollow piston 3 and the inner wall of immovable hollow storage housing 2, into inner specific volume 10, which in time is filled with fluid. The filling time of the inner specific volume 10 is a parametric quantity (function) which is determined by density of the fluid V at the required accuracy of the channel fitting 3.3. The filling of the inner specific volume 10 with fluid means that the density V in this volume is the same as in the outer specific volume 9. The balanced state can be disturbed by a decrease in density in the fluid outlet 7, which is caused by e.g. technological process, which is realized in the technological space 18. The decrease of density V continues in the outer specific volume 9, whose changes and movement is monitored by movable hollow piston 3, which forces the shaped face 3.1 on the seat of the calibrated insert 4, when the output 7 of fluid is separated from the fluid inlet 6, which means a decrease in density in the working volume 12 of the working chamber 11. The acceleration of the movable hollow piston 3, when an imbalance occurs, is significant and the decrease in density means energy balance in the working volume 12 of the working chamber 11. The decrease in density is accompanied by a change in pressure at the fluid outlet 7, the signal e of which is shaped by the control device 25. wherein the value on its outlet adjusts the amount of the signal g of the density-supply current correction in the inner stationary solenoid 5 and this magnetic force adapts the actuation of forces activated by the difference between the densities in the inner specific volume 10 and the outer specific volume 9 to desired value which attenuates the fluid density change process. Next, assume an increase in density V at the fluid outlet 7. The emergence of such a situation may again trigger the technological process carried out by working chamber 11. In the observed case, the internal fixed solenoid 5 accelerates the movable hollow piston 3 by phase and value of the density correction signal g i.e. the value of the electric current generated by the control device 25, which at the same time places it in the inner specific volume 10. An analogous device can be realized by using of external solenoid. Its arrangement will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.

Example 2

The device according to the invention, the schematic section of which is shown in Fig. 2, is designed to directly control the density V of a fluid. The fluid with density V^' supplied through the pipe to the inlet 6 gradually flows through the inner structure of the body 1 of the fluid density corrector and the fluid outlet 7, the front mounting part 8 and the volume 12 of the working chamber 11 into the technological space 18 (not shown in Fig.2 its illustration in Fig. 4 also shows its location in this exemplary embodiment). The positioning and control of the sliding speed of the movable hollow piston 3, made of ferromagnetic material, is performed by an external solenoid 5, which comprises threads 5.1 of circular cross-section and disk coils 5.2, allowing speed control by realizing sequences of signals f^". The external solenoid arrangement allows easier connection of the solenoid to the energy signal. The threads 5.1 of the circular cross-section of the outer solenoid 5 after the application of the program-shaped electrical energy represented by the signal f^' for control of position of the movable hollow piston 3, the movable hollow piston 3 is placed in a position defining the sizes of the outer specific volume 9 and the inner specific volume 10. The change of position of the movable hollow piston 3 can cause the resulting pressure, i.e. density change signal V. The rate of change of density V can be program-controlled by the first control computer 21, into which the respective, algorithmically determined sequence of position control signals f changes by changing of the force balance induced by the magnetic flux of the coil and magnetic flux and the movable hollow piston 3 of the fluid density corrector. The fluid flow through the internal structure of the controlled corrector body 1 is similar to Example 1. The calibrated auxiliary holes 4.1 improve the dynamic properties of the controlled fluid density corrector by allowing the fluid density to be balanced in the outer specific volume 9 and the inner specific volume 10. An analogous device can be implemented using the internal solenoid. Its arrangement will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.

Example 3

The device according to invention, the schematic section of which is shown in Fig. 3, is intended for mixing two fluids with different densities V-i^'a V2^'ίh working volumes 12 of the working chambers 11 by counterflow. Densely different fluids pass through the inner structures of the bodies 1 of the controlled density correctors with the inner and outer solenoids 5 in the manner described in the previous examples. The mixture of both fluids with density V is measured in the outlets 13 of the working chambers 11 and in the form of a signal g to the control device 25, where it is compared with signal e representing the required density. The output of the control device 25 in the form of the position control signal g of the movable hollow piston 3 made of ferromagnetic material, the fluid density corrector with internal solenoid 5 adapts this movable hollow piston 3 so to create at the inlets 14 of the working chambers 11 by increase or decrease of the fluid density the required value of density e of the resulting mixture. The feedback V, enters to the control device 25 and by setting as described, adapts the function of the fluid density corrector with internal solenoid 5 to the fluid density corrector with the external solenoid 5, which performs the functions described in Example 2. Similarly to exemplary embodiments 1 and 2 the Fig. 3 does not show the technological space 18, but from its illustration in Fig. 4, its location in this exemplary embodiment is apparent.

Example 4

A combined device according to invention, the schematic section of which is shown in Fig. 4, is intended for time-optimal control of discrete dynamic mixing of energy medium Vi and energy medium Vi with counterflow in working chambers 11 with working volume 12 of chambers, which form part of technological equipment 17. Working volumes 12 of chambers result in outlet 13 of chambers into technological space 18, where program 16 of the multifunctional technological process a is implemented, the source part of which contains the information system 19 of technological process logistics, with the determination to initiate with signal b the readiness of logistics of the technological process and power members 20 of media supply control. The central control computer 26, which is connected with the input- output signal c to the program 16 of the multifunction control process, initiates with signal d for control of the media supply power members (d) the power members 20 of control of the media supply. Two fluids forming the medium 27 emerge from the media supply control power member 20: the first media component with density Vi and the second media component with density z2, where the first component enters into the first control computer 21 and into the first media component with density Vi supply device and the second component with density Vi enters into the second control computer 22 and into the second media component supply device. Outputs from the first control computer 21 and the second control computer 22 represent corrected signals of densities V_\ ^' and z2 , the occurrence of which is conditioned by the deviation e^' from the required program coordinate, representing the output of the difference between the signal e of controlled deviation from the coordinate of the technological process fed from the central control computer 26 and the signal of density V of medium of the technological process entering to the status differential members 24 and exiting of them. Deviations e^' from the required program coordinates act on the signal input of the computer-controlled device 21 of supply of the first medium component, the signal input of the computer-controlled device of supply of the second medium component and the signal input of the control device 25. The result is correction of density signals V^', which are the product of the technological process with density

of the first medium and the density V of the second medium. Other outputs are:

- position control signal g of the movable part of the medium density corrector with internal solenoid, which with the corrected medium density signal V^' of the technological process acting at the input of the state comparator 23 adjust the position of its movable hollow piston so as to achieve the required medium density V;

- position control signal f of the movable hollow piston of the medium density corrector with external solenoid, which sets the time sequence of the technological process determined by the program by determining the density V of medium at the current time. List of related reference numbers

1 - solid hollow body

2 - immovable hollow storage housing

3 - movable hollow piston

3.1 - shaped face of the hollow piston

3.2 - bottom of the hollow piston

3.3 - precisely fitted channel

3.4 - solenoid holding device

3.5 - dilatation shaft

4 - calibrated insert with seat

4.1 - calibrated auxiliary opening

4.2 - main opening

5 - external respectively internal stationary solenoid

5.1 - circular cross-section threads

5.2 - disk coils

6 - fluid inlet

7 - fluid outlet

8 - front mounting part

9 - outer specific volume

10 - inner specific volume

11 - working chamber

12 - working chamber volume

13 - outlet of the working chamber

14 - the first fluid inlet into the chamber 15 - the second counterflow fluid inlet into the chamber

16 - program of multifunctional technological process

17 - technological device

18 - technological space

19 - technological process logistics information system

20 - power members of control of the energetical media supply

21 - the first control computer

22 - the second control computer

23 - state comparator

24 - status deviator

25 - control device

26 - central control computer

27 - media input g - density correction signal with internal solenoid f - movable hollow piston control signal with external solenoid f- movable hollow piston position control signal f^" - movable hollow piston speed control signal

Vi - density of the first medium component z2 - density of the second medium component

V - medium density signal at outlet of the working chamber

V^' - corrected medium density

V - corrected density signal of the first medium z2 - corrected density signal of the second medium a - signal of variant of the technological process program b - signal on readiness of logistics of the technological process c - input-output signals of the central control computer d - signal for control of the power members of media supply e - signal of required / controlled deviation from the coordinates of the technological process e^'- deviations from the required program coordinate

Claims

1. Fluid flow density control device, characterized in that it comprises at least one solid hollow body (1) comprising a fluid inlet (6) and a fluid outlet (7) into a volume (12) of a working chamber (11) with a main opening (4.2) and a calibrated auxiliary opening (4.1), wherein a hollow storage housing (2) being firmly attached inside the solid hollow body (1), wherein a hollow piston (3) of ferromagnetic material is placed in the hollow storage housing (2), movable along its longitudinal axis and arranged so that the shaped face of the hollow piston (3.1) closes the main opening (4.2) of the fluid outlet (7), when is the hollow piston (3) in its end position and the inner walls of the hollow storage housing (2) together with the inner walls of the hollow piston (3) define a closed inner specific volume (10) with variable capacity depending on the position of the hollow piston (3) along its longitudinal axis, and the inner walls of the solid hollow body (1) together with the outer walls of the hollow storage housing (2) and the outer walls of the hollow piston (3) define a closed outer specific volume (9) with variable capacity depending on the position of the hollow piston (3) along its longitudinal axis; wherein it includes a solenoid (5) arranged in such a way that, when connected to a source of electric current, the magnetic field induced by it mechanically influences the movable hollow piston (3), and it further includes an outlet (13) of the working chamber (11) leading into a technological space (18), as well as a signal feedback from the outlet (13) of the working chamber (11), leading into the technological space (18), to the solenoid (5).

2. Fluid flow density control device according to claim 1 , characterized in that an internal solenoid (5) is mounted on a holding device (3.4) in the inner specific volume (10) in the hollow storage housing (2).

3. Fluid flow density control device according to claim 1 , characterized in that an external solenoid (5) is placed on the solid hollow body (1).

4. Fluid flow density control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the solenoid (5) comprises a combination of coil windings and a combination of coil conductor diameters.

5. Fluid flow density control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of solenoids (5).

6. Fluid flow density control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a control device (25), having a signal input (V) from the fluid density at the outlet (13) of the working chamber (11) and an output of a density correction signal (g) for control the of internal solenoid (5), is included in the signal feedback.

7. Fluid flow density control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a first control computer (21) having a signal input (V) from the fluid density at the outlet (13) of the working chamber (11), a density correction signal input (f), a signal output (f) for control of the position of the movable hollow piston (3) of the solenoid (5) and signal output (f^") for control of the speed of the movable hollow piston (3) of the solenoid (5), is included in the signal feedback.

8. Device for excavating the openings in rock massifs, comprising the fluid flow density control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.