WO2021223578A1 - 一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统 - Google Patents

一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021223578A1
WO2021223578A1 PCT/CN2021/086807 CN2021086807W WO2021223578A1 WO 2021223578 A1 WO2021223578 A1 WO 2021223578A1 CN 2021086807 W CN2021086807 W CN 2021086807W WO 2021223578 A1 WO2021223578 A1 WO 2021223578A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bellows
inhalation
gas delivery
carbon dioxide
delivery hose
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PCT/CN2021/086807
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜磊
叶聪
何再明
杨申申
刘浩
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中国船舶科学研究中心
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Publication of WO2021223578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223578A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/02—Respiratory apparatus with compressed oxygen or air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/02—Masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of safety systems for manned submersibles, in particular to a fully closed breathing system for long-term use by occupants of manned submersibles.
  • the manned cabin When the manned submersible is operating underwater, the manned cabin is a closed space.
  • the manned cabin completely isolates the external environment from the cabin occupants, and maintains a normal atmospheric environment inside to ensure the personal safety of the cabin occupants.
  • the submersible shall provide the occupants with a fully enclosed breathing system completely isolated from the atmosphere in the manned cabin, provide the occupants with oxygen necessary for survival and remove the carbon dioxide exhaled by the occupants, so as to ensure the personal safety of the occupants.
  • the closed breathing apparatus used is relatively common in the open space for a short-term use of breathing apparatus for a single person, such as self-rescuers at fire scenes, self-rescuers at mine disasters, etc.
  • the workplace and work of such equipment The principles, working methods, and conditions of use are all different from those of manned submersibles and cannot meet the requirements of manned submersibles.
  • the applicant provides a fully closed breathing system for long-term use by the crew of the manned submersible, so as to meet the requirements of use, and make it simple in structure, compact in size, long in support time, and reliable. It can be used by multiple people at the same time and has high reliability.
  • a fully closed breathing system for long-term use by occupants of a manned submersible includes an oxygen source connected to a first filter through a first pipeline, and the output end of the first filter passes through a second pipe
  • a first pressure reducer is connected to the second pipeline, a first oxygen supply valve and a second oxygen supply valve are connected in series on the second pipeline, and a second pipeline between the first oxygen supply valve and the second oxygen supply valve is installed
  • a first pressure gauge, the output end of the first pressure reducer is connected with a plurality of gas delivery hoses;
  • It also includes an air source, the air source is connected to a second filter through a third pipeline, the output end of the second filter is connected to a second pressure reducer through a fourth pipeline, and a second pressure is installed on the fourth pipeline Watch, the output end of the second pressure reducer is connected with a gas delivery hose;
  • It also includes a barrel-shaped carbon dioxide absorption tank, a through groove is opened at the center of the upper end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank, a suction manifold is installed in the through groove, and a carbon dioxide absorbent is arranged inside the carbon dioxide absorption tank, A mesh plate is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank, and the mesh plate is hermetically connected with the breathing airbag, and the upper end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank is also provided with a plurality of exhalation bellows joints,
  • suction busbar One end of the suction busbar is provided with a plurality of hose joints, each hose joint is connected with a gas delivery hose, and the other end of the suction busbar is provided with a plurality of suction bellows joints, each suction bellows
  • the pipe joint is connected to the inhalation bellows
  • each expiration bellows joint is connected to the expiration bellows
  • a set of inhalation bellows and the expiration bellows are connected to a full face mask.
  • the four hose joints connect the first gas delivery hose, the second gas delivery hose, the third gas delivery hose and the first gas delivery hose from the top to the bottom.
  • Four gas delivery hoses, the first gas delivery hose, the second gas delivery hose and the third gas delivery hose are all connected to the first pressure reducer, the first gas delivery hose is installed with a membrane
  • a sheet-type differential pressure oxygen valve, a quantitative oxygen supply valve is installed on the second gas delivery hose, and a button-type manual oxygen supplement valve is installed on the third gas delivery hose;
  • the fourth gas delivery hose is connected to the second gas delivery hose.
  • a pressure reducer, a button-type manual gas supplement valve is installed on the fourth gas delivery hose.
  • the three inhalation bellows joints are arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the three inhalation bellows joints are respectively equipped with a first inhalation bellows, a second inhalation bellows and a third inhalation bellows;
  • the expiration bellows There are three pipe joints, arranged in order from left to right.
  • the three exhalation bellows joints are respectively equipped with a first expiration bellows, a second expiration bellows and a third expiration bellows.
  • the first inhalation bellows The tube and the first exhalation bellows are connected to the first full face mask at the same time, the second inhalation bellows and the second exhalation bellows are connected to the second full face mask at the same time, and the third inhalation bellows and the third exhalation bellows are connected at the same time The third full face mask.
  • the inhalation busbar has a cylindrical tubular structure with one end open and one end closed.
  • the open end penetrates the carbon dioxide absorption tank and then enters the breathing airbag, and the closed end is higher than the top surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank.
  • a safety rope is also installed inside the breathing airbag, one end of the safety rope is fixed to the lower end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank, and the other end is connected with a rope-controlled safety valve installed at the bottom end of the breathing airbag.
  • the oxygen source and the air source are both high-pressure gas cylinders.
  • An inhalation check valve and an expiration check valve are arranged inside the full face mask, which are respectively connected with an inhalation bellows and an expiration bellows.
  • the invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is convenient to operate. Through the cooperation between various pipelines and gas processing components, it has strong realizability, fully enclosed breathing, no substance exchange with the external environment, and high safety; People use it at the same time, which is highly protective; the support time is long, and long-term closed breathing can be realized. In the actual test, a three-hour use test for three people in a closed environment has been achieved.
  • the invention has high working reliability.
  • the three oxygen supply modes are mutually redundant, which greatly improves the reliability of the device; it has good versatility and only needs to adjust the number of gas cylinders and carbon dioxide absorbents.
  • the device can be applied to different Manned submersible.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Third full face mask 27. Carbon dioxide absorption tank; 28. Inhalation manifold; 29. Carbon dioxide absorbent; 30. Breathing airbag; 31. Safety rope; 32. Rope-controlled safety valve; 33. Button Type manual oxygen supplement valve; 34. Button type manual air supplement valve; 35. Second pressure reducer; 36. Second pressure gauge; 37. Fourth pipeline; 38. Second filter; 39. Third pipeline ; 40. Air source.
  • the fully closed breathing system for long-term use by the occupants of the manned submersible in this embodiment includes an oxygen source 1.
  • the oxygen source 1 is connected to a first filter 3 through a first pipeline 2.
  • the output end of the device 3 is connected to the first pressure reducer 8 through a second pipeline 6.
  • a first oxygen supply valve 4 and a second oxygen supply valve 7 are connected in series on the second pipeline 6, and the first oxygen supply valve 4 and the second oxygen supply valve are connected in series.
  • a first pressure gauge 5 is installed on the second pipeline 6 between the oxygen supply valves 7, and a plurality of gas delivery hoses are connected to the output end of the first pressure reducer 8;
  • the air source 40 is connected to the second filter 38 through a third pipe 39.
  • the output end of the second filter 38 is connected to the second pressure reducer 35 through a fourth pipe 37.
  • a second pressure gauge 36 is installed, and the output end of the second pressure reducer 35 is connected to a gas delivery hose;
  • the upper end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 is provided with a through groove at the center of the upper end surface.
  • the suction manifold 28 is installed in the through groove.
  • a mesh plate is fixed on the lower bottom surface of the absorption tank 27, and the mesh plate is hermetically connected with the breathing airbag 30.
  • the upper end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 is also provided with a plurality of exhalation bellows joints 23,
  • suction busbar 28 One end of the suction busbar 28 is provided with a plurality of hose joints 12, each hose joint 12 is connected to a gas delivery hose, and the other end of the suction busbar 28 is provided with a plurality of suction bellows joints 14, each The inhalation bellows joint 14 is connected to the inhalation bellows, each expiration bellows joint 23 is connected to the expiration bellows, and a set of inhalation bellows and expiration bellows are connected to a full face mask.
  • the four hose joints 12 respectively connect the first gas delivery hose 9, the second gas delivery hose 13, and the third gas delivery hose from the top to the bottom.
  • 15 and the fourth gas delivery hose 16 the first gas delivery hose 9, the second gas delivery hose 13 and the third gas delivery hose 15 are all connected to the first pressure reducer 8, the first gas delivery hose
  • a diaphragm-type differential pressure oxygen supplement valve 10 is installed on 9, the second gas delivery hose 13 is equipped with a quantitative oxygen supply valve 11, and the third gas delivery hose 15 is equipped with a button-type manual oxygen supplement valve 33;
  • the gas delivery hose 16 is connected to the second pressure reducer 35, and a button type manual air supplement valve 34 is installed on the fourth gas delivery hose 16.
  • suction bellows joints 14 There are three suction bellows joints 14 arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the three suction bellows joints 14 are respectively installed with a first suction bellows 17, a second suction bellows 18, and a third suction bellows. 19;
  • the air bellows 22, the first inhalation bellows 17 and the first exhalation bellows 20 are simultaneously connected to the first full face mask 24, and the second inhalation bellows 18 and the second expiration bellows 21 are simultaneously connected to the second full face mask 25 ,
  • the third inhalation bellows 19 and the third expiration bellows 22 are connected to the third full face mask 26 at the same time.
  • the inhalation busbar 28 has a cylindrical tubular structure with one end open and one end closed. The open end penetrates the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 and then enters the breathing air bag 30, and the closed end is higher than the top surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27.
  • a safety rope 31 is also installed inside the breathing airbag 30.
  • One end of the safety rope 31 is fixed to the lower end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27, and the other end is connected to a rope-controlled safety valve 32 installed at the bottom end of the breathing airbag 30.
  • Both the oxygen source 1 and the air source 40 are high-pressure gas cylinders.
  • An inhalation check valve and an expiration check valve are arranged inside the full face mask, which are respectively connected with an inhalation bellows and an expiration bellows.
  • a fully closed breathing system for long-term use by the crew of a manned submersible is mainly a breathing system that can be used by three people at the same time for a long time.
  • the device is divided into oxygen pipeline, air pipeline, gas processing parts and bellows pipeline.
  • the oxygen pipeline includes: oxygen source 1, first pipeline 2, first filter 3, first oxygen supply valve 4, first pressure gauge 5, second pipeline 6, second oxygen supply valve 7, first reducer Compressor 8, quantitative oxygen supply valve 11, button-type manual oxygen supplement valve 33, diaphragm-type oxygen supplement valve 10, first gas delivery hose 9, second gas delivery hose 13, third gas delivery hose 15 and hose connector 12.
  • the air pipeline includes: an air source 40, a third pipeline 39, a second filter 38, a fourth pipeline 37, a second pressure gauge 36, a second pressure reducer 35, a second button-type manual air supplement valve 34, The fourth gas delivery hose 16.
  • the gas processing components include: an inhalation busbar 28, a carbon dioxide absorption tank 27, a carbon dioxide absorbent 29, a breathing air bag 30, a safety rope 31, and a rope control safety valve 32.
  • the bellows pipeline includes: an inhalation bellows joint 14, an expiration bellows joint 23, an expiration bellows, an inhalation bellows, a first full face mask 24, a second full face mask 25 and a third full face mask 26.
  • the oxygen pipeline and the air pipeline are independent of each other, and the respective parts of the two pipelines are connected by pipelines, and the two pipelines are connected to the inhalation bus 28 of the gas processing component through a gas delivery hose and a hose connector 12.
  • the inhalation busbar 28 of the gas processing part is connected to the bellows pipeline through the inhalation bellows joint 14 and the inhalation bellows, and the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 in the gas processing part is connected to the expiration bellows through the expiration bellows joint 23 .
  • the inhalation busbar 28 is in the shape of a cylindrical tube with one end open and one end closed. The open end penetrates the entire tank body and the carbon dioxide absorbent 29 inside from the center of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 until it enters a part of the length of the breathing airbag 30.
  • Four hose joints 12 and three suction bellows joints 14 are arranged circumferentially at the closed end, and the installation position of the hose joint 12 is lower than the suction bellows joint 14.
  • the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 is a barrel-shaped container.
  • the center of the upper end surface has a hole for the inhalation busbar 28 to penetrate through and seals at the penetration point.
  • the upper end surface is also provided with three exhalation bellows joints circumferentially. 23, and seal at the connection.
  • the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 is filled with a carbon dioxide absorbent 29 packaged in a ring.
  • the lower end of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 is a mesh plate, which is connected to the breathing air bag 30 and sealed.
  • one end of the safety rope 31 is fixed to the lower end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27, and one end is connected to the rope-controlled safety valve 32 installed at the bottom end of the breathing air bag 30.
  • the air source 40 and the oxygen source 1 are high-pressure gas cylinders, and the capacity is selected according to the use requirements of the submersible.
  • the filter is a gas pipeline filter, and the filtering accuracy is selected according to the cleanliness requirements of the breathing gas.
  • the oxygen supply valve, pressure gauge, and pressure reducer select specifications according to the use requirements of the submersible.
  • the oxygen supply valve controls the on and off of the oxygen pipeline
  • the pressure gauge measures the pipeline pressure
  • the pressure reducer reduces the pressure of the air source. To the rated working pressure.
  • buttons-type manual oxygen supplement valve 33 and the button-type manual gas supplement valve 34 are different from the rotary opening methods of common valves.
  • the quantitative oxygen supply valve 11 is based on the number of people in the submersible, and the opening diameter of the valve is preset so that the amount of oxygen released per unit time is consistent with the oxygen consumption per unit time of the total number of people in the cabin.
  • the diaphragm-type differential pressure oxygen supplement valve 10 is equipped with a membrane, a lever and a valve core inside, and the valve core and the lever are connected as a whole through a spring.
  • the diaphragm measures the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the breathing airbag 30.
  • the diaphragm When the pressure inside the airbag is lower than the pressure outside the airbag, the diaphragm is deformed downwards, and the compression lever overcomes the resistance of the spring to drive the valve core to move, the valve is activated, and the decompressed oxygen is injected into the breathing airbag 30; When the internal and external pressures are balanced or the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, the diaphragm deforms upwards, the spring drives the lever and the valve core to reset, and the valve does not start.
  • gas delivery hose and the hose connector 12 connect the aforementioned button-type manual air supplement valve 34, button-type manual oxygen supplement valve 33, quantitative oxygen supply valve 11, diaphragm-type differential pressure oxygen supplement valve 10 and the inhalation bus 28 connections.
  • the inhalation busbar 28 is a cylindrical tube with one end open and one end closed. The open end penetrates the entire tank and the absorbent inside from the center of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 until it enters a part of the length of the breathing airbag 30.
  • a hose connector 12 and a suction bellows connector 14 are arranged circumferentially at the closed end. The installation position of the hose connector 12 is lower than the suction bellows connector.
  • the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 is a barreled container.
  • the center of the upper end surface has a hole for the inhalation busbar 28 to penetrate through and is sealed at the penetration point.
  • the upper end surface is also provided with three exhalation bellows joints 23 on the circumference. The joint is sealed, the tank is filled with a carbon dioxide absorbent 29 packaged in a ring, and the lower end of the tank is a mesh plate, which is connected to the breathing air bag 30 and sealed.
  • the breathing airbag 30 is a flexible airbag used for cyclic use of breathing air.
  • one end of the safety rope 31 is fixed to the lower end surface of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27, and one end is connected to the rope-controlled safety valve 32.
  • the length of the safety rope 31 is slightly less than the maximum length when the breathing air bag 30 is fully expanded.
  • the rope-controlled safety valve 32 is installed At the bottom end of the breathing airbag 30. When the breathing airbag 30 is fully inflated, the safety rope 31 will be stretched straight, and the rope-controlled safety valve 32 will be opened to discharge part of the air in the airbag to ensure that the breathing airbag 30 will not be over-expanded and cause rupture.
  • exhalation bellows and the inhalation bellows connect the full face mask, the inhalation busbar 28 and the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27 into one body.
  • an inhalation check valve and an expiration check valve inside the full face mask which are respectively connected with the inhalation bellows and the expiration bellows to ensure that the gas does not mix during inhalation and exhalation.
  • the combination of the oxygen source 1 and the air source 40 can realize the simultaneous injection of air and oxygen into the breathing airbag 30.
  • the air injection is turned off, which reduces the oxygen concentration in the breathing airbag 30, which not only solves the medical problem of limited breathing time caused by the occupants only breathing pure oxygen, but also the injected air
  • the presence of nitrogen also solves the requirement of a larger intake air volume when people breathe. Pure oxygen is used as the breathing gas for the whole process of the device's work, which not only solves the oxygen consumption needs of people in a fully enclosed environment, but also solves the pressure increase in the cabin environment caused by the use of air for breathing in the traditional working mode, and the nitrogen is not absorbed by the human body. High problem.
  • the diaphragm-type oxygen supplement valve 10 automatically injects oxygen into the breathing airbag 30 when the user breathes, so as to reduce the workload of the user.
  • the manual oxygen replenishment valve manually replenishes oxygen into the breathing airbag 30 when the gas in the breathing airbag 30 decreases rapidly or the user feels that breathing is laborious.
  • the quantitative oxygen supply valve 11 continuously supplies oxygen into the breathing airbag 30 to meet the minimum oxygen demand of the occupants.
  • the three oxygen supplement modes of the quantitative oxygen supply valve 11, the manual oxygen supplement valve, and the diaphragm-type differential pressure oxygen supplement valve 10 exist at the same time, which are mutually redundant, which greatly improves the reliability of the entire device.
  • the inhalation busbar 28 extends into the breathing airbag 30, which facilitates the injection and mixing of air and oxygen in the airbag, and can reduce the inhalation resistance of the user.
  • the exhalation bellows joint 23 is installed at the upper end of the carbon dioxide absorption tank 27, and the exhaled gas is forced to flow through the carbon dioxide absorbent 29 and into the breathing airbag 30 by the pulmonary power of the user, which is beneficial to clear the carbon dioxide exhaled by the personnel and is beneficial to The exhaled breath is not used for recycling of consumed oxygen.
  • the working process of the present invention is:
  • the user turns on the air source 40, the air flows through the second filter 38, the second pressure gauge 36, and the second pressure reducer 35. Observe the readings of the second pressure gauge 36, and press the second pressure gauge within the specified pressure range.
  • the button-type manual air supplement valve 34 is delivered to the inhalation busbar 28 through the fourth gas delivery hose 16, and then air is injected into the breathing airbag 30. When the breathing airbag 30 is in a half-filled state, release the second button-type manual air supplement valve. The air valve 34 closes the air source 40 and terminates the injection of air.
  • the user wears a full face mask and begins to breathe fully.
  • the gas in the breathing airbag 30 flows through the inhalation bellows joint 14, the inhalation bellows, and the full face mask under the pulmonary power of the person, and enters the human body.
  • the breathing airbag 30 contracts, and the diaphragm type
  • the differential pressure oxygen valve 10 will automatically open, and oxygen will be injected into the breathing airbag 30 through the first gas delivery hose 9, the hose connector 12, and the inhalation bus 28.
  • the exhaled air flows through the full face mask and exhaled
  • the bellows, the expiratory bellows joint 23, and the carbon dioxide absorbent 29 enter the breathing airbag 30, and the breathing airbag 30 is inflated, and the diaphragm-type differential pressure oxygen valve 10 will be closed.
  • the user feels that the air volume is not enough or the breathing is difficult, he can manually press the button-type manual oxygen supplement valve 33, and inject oxygen into the breathing airbag 30 through the third gas delivery hose 15, the hose connector 12, and the inhalation bus 28. Meet the breathing needs.
  • the rope-controlled safety valve 32 will open under the action of the safety rope 31 to discharge part of the air in the breathing airbag 30 to protect the airbag. The valve will reset, restoring the full sealing function of the device.

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Abstract

一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，包括氧气源(1)、第一过滤器(3)、第一减压器(8)，第一减压器(8)的输出端连接有多根气体输送软管；还包括空气源(40)、第二过滤器(38)、第二减压器(35)，还包括呈圆桶状的二氧化碳吸收罐(27)，其中心位置开有贯通槽，贯通槽内安装吸气汇流排(28)，二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的内部布置有二氧化碳吸收剂(29)，罐底部与呼吸气囊(30)密封连接，二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的上端面还设置有多个呼气波纹管接头(23)，吸气汇流排(28)的一端设置有多个软管接头(12)，每个软管接头(12)与气体输送软管连接，吸气汇流排(28)的另一端设置有多个吸气波纹管接头(14)，每个吸气波纹管接头(14)连接吸气波纹管，每个呼气波纹管接头(23)连接呼气波纹管，一组吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接一个全面罩，工作可靠。

Description

一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统 技术领域
本发明涉及载人潜水器安全系统技术领域，尤其是一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统。
背景技术
载人潜水器是进行高效勘探、科学考察、开发作业、军事侦测及作战平台的重要装备。
载人潜水器在水下作业时，其载人舱是一个密闭空间，载人舱将外界环境与舱内乘员完全隔离，并保持其内部为正常大气环境以保障舱内乘员的人身安全。但如果载人舱内出现电子元器件短路起火或载人舱内出现有毒有害气体等危险情况时，由于载人舱内的大气环境受到污染，不适合乘员进行正常的开放式呼吸，这种情况下，潜水器须为乘员提供一套与载人舱内大气环境完全隔离的全闭式呼吸系统，为乘员提供生存所必须的氧气并清除乘员呼出的二氧化碳，从而保障乘员的人身安全。
技术问题
现有技术中，采用的封闭式呼吸装置较为常见的是在开放空间内单人短时使用式呼吸装置，如火灾现场自救器、矿灾现场自救器等装置，这类装置的工作场所、工作原理、工作方式、使用条件均区别于载人潜水器的情况，无法满足载人潜水器的使用要求。
技术解决方案
本申请人针对上述现有生产技术中的缺点，提供一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，从而满足使用要求，使其结构简单、体积紧凑、支持时间长、可供多人同时使用、可靠性高。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，包括氧气源，所述氧气源通过第一管路连接第一过滤器，所述第一过滤器的输出端通过第二管路连接第一减压器，所述第二管路上串联有第一供氧阀和第二供氧阀，所述第一供氧阀和第二供氧阀之间的第二管路上安装有第一压力表，所述第一减压器的输出端连接有多根气体输送软管；
还包括空气源，所述空气源通过第三管路连接第二过滤器，所述第二过滤器的输出端通过第四管路连接第二减压器，第四管路上安装有第二压力表，所述第二减压器的输出端连接气体输送软管；
还包括呈圆桶状的二氧化碳吸收罐，所述二氧化碳吸收罐的上端面中心位置开有贯通槽，所述贯通槽内安装吸气汇流排，所述二氧化碳吸收罐的内部布置有二氧化碳吸收剂，所述二氧化碳吸收罐的下底面固定有网孔板，所述网孔板与呼吸气囊密封连接，所述二氧化碳吸收罐的上端面还设置有多个呼气波纹管接头，
所述吸气汇流排的一端设置有多个软管接头，每个软管接头与气体输送软管连接，吸气汇流排的另一端设置有多个吸气波纹管接头，每个吸气波纹管接头连接吸气波纹管，每个呼气波纹管接头连接呼气波纹管，一组吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接一个全面罩。
其进一步技术方案在于：
所述软管接头设置有四个，从上之下依次排列，四个软管接头从上之下分别连接第一气体输送软管、第二气体输送软管、第三气体输送软管和第四气体输送软管，所述第一气体输送软管、第二气体输送软管和第三气体输送软管均连接至第一减压器处，所述第一气体输送软管 上安装有膜片式压差补氧阀，第二气体输送软管上安装有定量供氧阀，第三气体输送软管上安装有按钮式手动补氧阀；所述第四气体输送软管连接至第二减压器，所述第四气体输送软管上安装有按钮式手动补气阀。
吸气波纹管接头设置有三个，从上至下依次排列，三个吸气波纹管接头分别安装有第一吸气波纹管、第二吸气波纹管和第三吸气波纹管；呼气波纹管接头设置有三个，从左往右依次排列，三个呼气波纹管接头，分别安装有第一呼气波纹管、第二呼气波纹管和第三呼气波纹管，第一吸气波纹管和第一呼气波纹管同时连接第一全面罩，第二吸气波纹管和第二呼气波纹管同时连接第二全面罩，第三吸气波纹管和第三呼气波纹管同时连接第三全面罩。
所述吸气汇流排呈一端开口、一端封闭的圆柱管状结构，开口端贯穿二氧化碳吸收罐后进入呼吸气囊中，封闭端高出于二氧化碳吸收罐的顶面。
所述呼吸气囊的内部还安装有安全绳，安全绳一端固定于二氧化碳吸收罐下端面，另一端与安装于呼吸气囊最底端的绳控式安全阀相连。
所述氧气源和空气源均为高压气瓶。
全面罩内部设置有吸气单向阀和呼气单向阀，分别与吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接。
有益效果
本发明结构紧凑、合理，操作方便，通过各管路和气体处理部件之间的配合工作，可实现性强，全封闭式呼吸，与外界环境不会产生物质交换，安全性高；可供多人同时使用，保护性强；支持时间长，可实现长时间的闭式呼吸，实际测试中，已实现封闭环境中三人三小时的使用测试。
本发明工作可靠性高，通过三种供氧方式的互为冗余，大大提高了装置的可靠性；通用性好，只需调整气瓶和二氧化碳吸收剂的数量，该装置可被应用于不同的载人潜水器。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中：1、氧气源；2、第一管路；3、第一过滤器；4、第一供氧阀；5、第一压力表；6、第二管路；7、第二供氧阀；8、第一减压器；9、第一气体输送软管；10、膜片式压差补氧阀；11、定量供氧阀；12、软管接头；13、第二气体输送软管；14、吸气波纹管接头；15、第三气体输送软管；16、第四气体输送软管；17、第一吸气波纹管；18、第二吸气波纹管；19、第三吸气波纹管；20、第一呼气波纹管；21、第二呼气波纹管；22、第三呼气波纹管；23、呼气波纹管接头；24、第一全面罩；25、第二全面罩；26、第三全面罩；27、二氧化碳吸收罐；28、吸气汇流排；29、二氧化碳吸收剂；30、呼吸气囊；31、安全绳；32、绳控式安全阀；33、按钮式手动补氧阀；34、按钮式手动补气阀；35、第二减压器；36、第二压力表；37、第四管路；38、第二过滤器；39、第三管路；40、空气源。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图，说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示，本实施例的供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，包括氧气源1，氧气源1通过第一管路2连接第一过滤器3，第一过滤器3的输出端通过第二管路6连接第一减压器8，第二管路6上串联有第一供氧阀4和第二供氧阀7，第一供氧阀4和第二供氧阀7之间的第二管路6上安装有第一压力表5，第一减压器8的输出端连接有多根气体输送软管；
还包括空气源40，空气源40通过第三管路39连接第二过滤器38，第二过滤器38的输出端通过第四管路37连接第二减压器35，第四管路37上安装有第二压力表36，第二减压器 35的输出端连接气体输送软管；
还包括呈圆桶状的二氧化碳吸收罐27，二氧化碳吸收罐27的上端面中心位置开有贯通槽，贯通槽内安装吸气汇流排28，二氧化碳吸收罐27的内部布置有二氧化碳吸收剂29，二氧化碳吸收罐27的下底面固定有网孔板，网孔板与呼吸气囊30密封连接，二氧化碳吸收罐27的上端面还设置有多个呼气波纹管接头23，
吸气汇流排28的一端设置有多个软管接头12，每个软管接头12与气体输送软管连接，吸气汇流排28的另一端设置有多个吸气波纹管接头14，每个吸气波纹管接头14连接吸气波纹管，每个呼气波纹管接头23连接呼气波纹管，一组吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接一个全面罩。
软管接头12设置有四个，从上之下依次排列，四个软管接头12从上之下分别连接第一气体输送软管9、第二气体输送软管13、第三气体输送软管15和第四气体输送软管16，第一气体输送软管9、第二气体输送软管13和第三气体输送软管15均连接至第一减压器8处，第一气体输送软管9上安装有膜片式压差补氧阀10，第二气体输送软管13上安装有定量供氧阀11，第三气体输送软管15上安装有按钮式手动补氧阀33；第四气体输送软管16连接至第二减压器35，第四气体输送软管16上安装有按钮式手动补气阀34。
吸气波纹管接头14设置有三个，从上至下依次排列，三个吸气波纹管接头14分别安装有第一吸气波纹管17、第二吸气波纹管18和第三吸气波纹管19；呼气波纹管接头23设置有三个，从左往右依次排列，三个呼气波纹管接头23，分别安装有第一呼气波纹管20、第二呼气波纹管21和第三呼气波纹管22，第一吸气波纹管17和第一呼气波纹管20同时连接第一全面罩24，第二吸气波纹管18和第二呼气波纹管21同时连接第二全面罩25，第三吸气波纹管19和第三呼气波纹管22同时连接第三全面罩26。
吸气汇流排28呈一端开口、一端封闭的圆柱管状结构，开口端贯穿二氧化碳吸收罐27后进入呼吸气囊30中，封闭端高出于二氧化碳吸收罐27的顶面。
呼吸气囊30的内部还安装有安全绳31，安全绳31一端固定于二氧化碳吸收罐27下端面，另一端与安装于呼吸气囊30最底端的绳控式安全阀32相连。
氧气源1和空气源40均为高压气瓶。
全面罩内部设置有吸气单向阀和呼气单向阀，分别与吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接。
如图1所示，一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，主要可以供三个人长时间进行同时使用的呼吸系统。
本发明各零部件的归属关系以及装配关系为：
装置分为氧气管路、空气管路、气体处理部件和波纹管管路。
氧气管路包含：氧气源1、第一管路2、第一过滤器3、第一供氧阀4、第一压力表5、第二管路6、第二供氧阀7、第一减压器8、定量供氧阀11、按钮式手动补氧阀33、膜片式压差补氧阀10、第一气体输送软管9、第二气体输送软管13、第三气体输送软管15和软管接头12。
空气管路包括：空气源40、第三管路39、第二过滤器38、第四管路37、第二压力表36、第二减压器35、第二按钮式手动补气阀34、第四气体输送软管16。
气体处理部件包含：吸气汇流排28、二氧化碳吸收罐27、二氧化碳吸收剂29、呼吸气囊30、安全绳31和绳控式安全阀32。
波纹管管路包含：吸气波纹管接头14、呼气波纹管接头23、呼气波纹管、吸气波纹管、第一全面罩24、第二全面罩25和第三全面罩26。
氧气管路和空气管路相互独立，两种管路各自的零件之间通过管路相连，两种管路通过气体输送软管、软管接头12与气体处理部件的吸气汇流排28相连。
气体处理部件的吸气汇流排28通过吸气波纹管接头14、吸气波纹管与波纹管管路相连，气 体处理部件中的二氧化碳吸收罐27通过呼气波纹管接头23和呼气波纹管相连。
气体处理部件中，吸气汇流排28呈一端开口、一端封闭的圆柱管状，开口端从二氧化碳吸收罐27中心处贯穿整个罐体及其内部的二氧化碳吸收剂29，直至进入呼吸气囊30一部分长度，封闭端周向布置四个软管接头12以及吸气三个波纹管接头14，软管接头12的安装位置低于吸气波纹管接头14。
气体处理部件中，二氧化碳吸收罐27为一圆桶状容器，上端面中心处开孔用于吸气汇流排28的贯穿并在贯穿处密封，上端面另周向布置三个呼气波纹管接头23，并在连接处密封，二氧化碳吸收罐27内装填呈圆环装包装的二氧化碳吸收剂29，二氧化碳吸收罐27的下端面为网孔板，与呼吸气囊30连接并密封。
气体处理部件中，安全绳31一端固定于二氧化碳吸收罐27下端面，一端与安装于呼吸气囊30最底端的绳控式安全阀32相连。
进一步地，空气源40、氧气源1为高压气瓶，根据潜水器的使用需求选择容量大小。
进一步地，过滤器为气体管路过滤器，根据呼吸用气的清洁度要求选择过滤精度。
进一步地，供氧阀、压力表、减压器根据潜水器的使用需求选择规格，供氧阀对氧气管路的通断进行控制，压力表测量管路压力，减压器将气源压力减至额定工作压力。
进一步地，按钮式手动补氧阀33、按钮式手动补气阀34区别于常见阀门的旋转式开启方式，其开启方式为按下其按钮开关阀门打开，松开按钮后阀门关闭。
进一步地，定量供氧阀11为根据潜水器的载人数量，预先设定好该阀的开启口径，使其单位时间内释放的氧气量与舱内总人数的单位时间耗氧量一致。
进一步地，膜片式压差补氧阀10内部装有一块薄膜、一根杠杆和一个阀芯，阀芯与杠杆通过弹簧连为一体。膜片测量呼吸气囊30内外的压差，当气囊内压力低于气囊外压力时，膜片向下变形，压迫杠杆克服弹簧阻力带动阀芯运动，阀门启动，将减压后的氧气注入呼吸气囊30；内外压力平衡或内压高于外压时，膜片向上变形，弹簧带动杠杆和阀芯复位，阀件不启动。
进一步地，气体输送软管、软管接头12将前述按钮式手动补气阀34、按钮式手动补氧阀33、定量供氧阀11、膜片式压差补氧阀10与吸气汇流排28连接。
进一步地，吸气汇流排28为一个一端开口、一端封闭的圆柱管，开口端从二氧化碳吸收罐27中心处贯穿整个罐及其内部的吸收剂，直至进入呼吸气囊30一部分长度。封闭端周向布置软管接头12以及吸气波纹管接头14。软管接头12的安装位置低于吸气波纹管接头。
进一步地，二氧化碳吸收罐27为一圆桶装容器，上端面中心处开孔用于吸气汇流排28的贯穿并在贯穿处密封，上端面另有圆周布置三个呼气波纹管接头23并在连接处密封，罐内装填呈圆环装包装的二氧化碳吸收剂29，罐下端面为网孔板，与呼吸气囊30连接并密封。进一步地，呼吸气囊30为一柔性气囊，用于呼吸气的循环使用。
进一步地，安全绳31一端固定于二氧化碳吸收罐27下端面，一端与绳控式安全阀32相连，安全绳的31长度略小于呼吸气囊30完全膨胀时的最大长度，绳控式安全阀32安装于呼吸气囊30的最底端。呼吸气囊30完全膨胀时，安全绳31将绷直，将绳控式安全阀32打开，排出气囊内部分气体，确保呼吸气囊30不会过度膨胀导致破裂。
进一步地，呼气波纹管、吸气波纹管将全面罩与吸气汇流排28和二氧化碳吸收罐27连为一体。
进一步地，全面罩内部有吸气单向阀和呼气单向阀，分别与吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接，确保吸气和呼气时气体不产生混合。
进一步地，氧气源1和空气源40的组合，可以实现空气和氧气的同时注入呼吸气囊30。用空气将呼吸气囊30充填至半充盈状态后关闭空气的注入，降低了呼吸气囊30内的氧气浓度，既解决了乘员只呼吸纯氧带来的呼吸时间受限的医学问题，注入的空气中氮气的存在，又解 决了人员呼吸时需要较大的进气量的要求。而纯氧作为装置工作的全过程呼吸气，既解决了全封闭环境中人员的耗氧需要，又解决了传统工作方式中使用空气进行呼吸时，氮气不被人体吸收所导致的舱室环境压力升高问题。
进一步地，膜片式压差补氧阀10在使用人员呼吸时自动向呼吸气囊30内注氧，降低使用人员的工作量。
进一步地，手动补氧阀在呼吸气囊30内气体减少较快或使用人员觉得呼吸费力时手动向呼吸气囊30内补氧。
进一步地，定量供氧阀11持续向呼吸气囊30内补氧，满足乘员最低限度的氧气需求。
进一步地，定量供氧阀11、手动补氧阀、膜片式压差补氧阀10三种补氧方式同时存在，互为冗余，大大提高了整套装置的可靠性。
进一步地，吸气汇流排28伸入呼吸气囊30，有利于空气和氧气在气囊内的注入和混合，并能减少使用人员的吸气阻力。
进一步地，呼气波纹管接头23安装于二氧化碳吸收罐27上端，依靠使用人员的肺动力强制将呼出的气体流经二氧化碳吸收剂29后进入呼吸气囊30，有利于清除人员呼出的二氧化碳，有利于呼出气体中未被消耗氧气的循环使用。
本发明的工作过程为：
使用人员打开空气源40，空气流经第二过滤器38，第二压力表36、第二减压器35，观察第二压力表36的读数，应在规定的压力范围内，按下第二按钮式手动补气阀34，通过第四气体输送软管16输送至吸气汇流排28，然后向呼吸气囊30内部注入空气，待呼吸气囊30呈半充盈状态时松开第二按钮式手动补气阀34，关闭空气源40，终止空气的注入。
打开氧气源1、第一供氧阀4，氧气经第一过滤器3，第一压力表5、观察第一压力表5读数，应在规定的压力范围内，打开第二供氧阀7，氧气流经第一减压器8、定量供氧阀11、第二气体输送软管13至吸气汇流排28内，持续向呼吸气囊30注入氧气。
之后使用人员佩戴好全面罩，开始进行全闭式呼吸。
随着使用人员的呼吸，吸气时，呼吸气囊30内的气体在人员的肺动力下流经吸气波纹管接头14、吸气波纹管、全面罩进入人体，呼吸气囊30产生收缩，膜片式压差补氧阀10将自动打开，通过第一气体输送软管9、软管接头12、吸气汇流排28向呼吸气囊30内注入氧气，呼气时，呼出气体流经全面罩、呼气波纹管、呼气波纹管接头23、二氧化碳吸收剂29进入呼吸气囊30，呼吸气囊30产生膨胀，膜片式压差补氧阀10将关闭。
如使用人员觉得气量不够或呼吸较为费劲时，可以手动按下按钮式手动补氧阀33，通过第三气体输送软管15、软管接头12、吸气汇流排28向呼吸气囊30注入氧气，满足呼吸需求。呼吸过程中，如呼吸气囊30产生过度膨胀的意外情况，绳控式安全阀32在安全绳31的作用下将打开，排出呼吸气囊30内的部分气体，起到保护气囊的作用，之后，安全阀将复位，恢复装置的全密封功能。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于：包括氧气源(1)，所述氧气源(1)通过第一管路(2)连接第一过滤器(3)，所述第一过滤器(3)的输出端通过第二管路(6)连接第一减压器(8)，所述第二管路(6)上串联有第一供氧阀(4)和第二供氧阀(7)，所述第一供氧阀(4)和第二供氧阀(7)之间的第二管路(6)上安装有第一压力表(5)，所述第一减压器(8)的输出端连接有多根气体输送软管；
    还包括空气源(40)，所述空气源(40)通过第三管路(39)连接第二过滤器(38)，所述第二过滤器(38)的输出端通过第四管路(37)连接第二减压器(35)，第四管路(37)上安装有第二压力表(36)，所述第二减压器(35)的输出端连接气体输送软管；
    还包括呈圆桶状的二氧化碳吸收罐(27)，所述二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的上端面中心位置开有贯通槽，所述贯通槽内安装吸气汇流排(28)，所述二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的内部布置有二氧化碳吸收剂(29)，所述二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的下底面固定有网孔板，所述网孔板与呼吸气囊(30)密封连接，所述二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的上端面还设置有多个呼气波纹管接头(23)，
    所述吸气汇流排(28)的一端设置有多个软管接头(12)，每个软管接头(12)与气体输送软管连接，吸气汇流排(28)的另一端设置有多个吸气波纹管接头(14)，每个吸气波纹管接头(14)连接吸气波纹管，每个呼气波纹管接头(23)连接呼气波纹管，一组吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接一个全面罩。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于：所述软管接头(12)设置有四个，从上之下依次排列，四个软管接头(12)从上之下分别连接第一气体输送软管(9)、第二气体输送软管(13)、第三气体输送软管(15)和第四气体输送软管(16)，所述第一气体输送软管(9)、第二气体输送软管(13)和第三气体输送软管(15)均连接至第一减压器(8)处，所述第一气体输送软管(9)上安装有膜片式压差补氧阀(10)，第二气体输送软管(13)上安装有定量供氧阀(11)，第三气体输送软管(15)上安装有按钮式手动补氧阀(33)；所述第四气体输送软管(16)连接至第二减压器(35)，所述第四气体输送软管(16)上安装有按钮式手动补气阀(34)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于：吸气波纹管接头(14)设置有三个，从上至下依次排列，三个吸气波纹管接头(14)分别安装有第一吸气波纹管(17)、第二吸气波纹管(18)和第三吸气波纹管(19)；呼气波纹管接头(23)设置有三个，从左往右依次排列，三个呼气波纹管接头(23)，分别安装有第一呼气波纹管(20)、第二呼气波纹管(21)和第三呼气波纹管(22)，第一吸气波纹管(17)和第一呼气波纹管(20)同时连接第一全面罩(24)，第二吸气波纹管(18)和第二呼气波纹管(21)同时连接第二全面罩(25)，第三吸气波纹管(19)和第三呼气波纹管(22)同时连接第三全面罩(26)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于：所述吸气汇流排(28)呈一端开口、一端封闭的圆柱管状结构，开口端贯穿二氧化碳吸收罐(27)后进入呼吸气囊(30)中，封闭端高出于二氧化碳吸收罐(27)的顶面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于：所述呼吸气囊(30)的内部还安装有安全绳(31)，安全绳(31)一端固定于二氧化碳吸收罐(27)下端面，另一端与安装于呼吸气囊(30)最底端的绳控式安全阀(32)相连。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于：所述氧气源(1)和空气源(40)均为高压气瓶。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种供载人潜水器乘员长时间使用的全闭式呼吸系统，其特征在于： 全面罩内部设置有吸气单向阀和呼气单向阀，分别与吸气波纹管和呼气波纹管连接。
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