WO2021223469A1 - Test rod design method and system for evaluating influence of loosening defect on mechanical property - Google Patents

Test rod design method and system for evaluating influence of loosening defect on mechanical property Download PDF

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WO2021223469A1
WO2021223469A1 PCT/CN2021/073724 CN2021073724W WO2021223469A1 WO 2021223469 A1 WO2021223469 A1 WO 2021223469A1 CN 2021073724 W CN2021073724 W CN 2021073724W WO 2021223469 A1 WO2021223469 A1 WO 2021223469A1
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defects
mechanical properties
influence
cast rod
evaluating
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PCT/CN2021/073724
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王俊
王国祥
康茂东
李建中
宁英
梁锦辉
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上海交通大学
江苏中超航宇精铸科技有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
    • G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing

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  • the invention relates to the field of sample design for the mechanical properties of metal and alloy casting, and in particular to a test bar design method and system for evaluating the influence of loose defects on the mechanical properties.
  • it relates to a sample design and preparation method for evaluating the influence of casting porosity defects on the mechanical properties of castings.
  • Metal materials are an important material basis for industry. When product structure designers choose metal materials, they usually rely on the mechanical performance data of metal materials without defects. However, in the casting production process of metal materials, loose casting often occurs. defect. Due to the lack of casting defects affecting the mechanical properties, when designing casting products, people usually design the casting structure based on the relevant performance manual data of metal materials and set a certain safety factor. There are large design margins, low material utilization, and product design. Overweight and other issues. Especially when faced with castings with a small amount of loose defects that exceed the standard, because the existing risks cannot be evaluated, the only way to deal with it is to repair or even scrap, resulting in a lot of waste of manpower and resources. Because of the lack of sample design methods and preparation methods for casting porosity defect grades, it is extremely difficult to evaluate casting porosity defect grades for the mechanical properties of castings.
  • Patent document CN102901659B discloses a method for preparing a metal alloy sample.
  • the method adopts vacuum suction casting equipment and uses pressure difference suction casting to form. It has high cleanliness and high efficiency, and can achieve high uniformity and accuracy of composition.
  • the size of the test bar is ⁇ 12mm ⁇ 120mm, which solves the existence of test bar preparation methods such as powder metallurgy, investment casting, extrusion molding and ingot processing. Insufficiency such as uneven composition, difficult oxygen content control, long cycle or complicated process; can meet the strict requirements of ideal alloy test bars for standard sample preparation, alloy design, performance testing and feeding rod preparation processes.
  • This method prepares defect-free alloy samples that are close to the ideal state, and is a sample design method to eliminate the influence of casting defects such as shrinkage porosity.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluation
  • the test bar design method and system for the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties are designed to design a sample that can produce different grades of casting shrinkage porosity. To study and evaluate the influence of loose casting defects on mechanical properties, and to provide a basis for structural designers to formulate acceptance criteria for castings.
  • a test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties which is characterized in that it includes:
  • Step S1 According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod.
  • the diameter of the casting rod shall not be less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the specimen required by the national standard, and the length shall not be less than the total length of the specimen required by the standard;
  • Step S2 Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a spherical shape
  • Step S3 Transform the cast rod into a three-dimensional CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
  • Step S4 Adjust the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or sphere center of the cast rod, and return to step S2 to continue execution until the shrinkage defect is located at the center of the sample;
  • Step S5 Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
  • Step S6 According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is casted in accordance with traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to national standards to perform the performance test and evaluation of the mechanical properties.
  • step S2 the step S2:
  • the specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed.
  • step S2 the step S2:
  • the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
  • the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a local coarse heat joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
  • step S3 the step S3:
  • a test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties includes:
  • Module S1 According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod.
  • the diameter of the casting rod is not less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the sample required by the national standard, and the length is not less than the total length of the sample required by the standard;
  • Module S2 Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a sphere
  • Module S3 Transform the cast rod into a 3D CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
  • Module S4 Adjust the position and outer diameter of the center of mass of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere, and re-call the modules S2 and S3 until the shrinkage defect is located in the center of the sample;
  • Module S5 Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
  • Module S6 According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is cast in accordance with the traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to the national standards to complete the mechanical performance test and evaluation.
  • the module S2 is a preferably, the module S2:
  • the specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed
  • the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
  • the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a local coarse heat joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
  • the module S3 is a preferably, the module S3:
  • a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any one of the above-mentioned methods for evaluating the impact of porosity defects on mechanical properties. The steps of the test bar design method.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention can produce the desired casting shrinkage porosity defect at the designated position of the sample, but there is no shrinkage porosity defect in other positions, and keep the defect within the sample gauge length used for the mechanical property test.
  • the sample with defects cast by the present invention can be used to evaluate the influence of different grades of loose defects on the mechanical properties of castings.
  • the method of the present invention is simple, is suitable for various casting alloy materials, and can be used for evaluating the relationship between casting defects and performance in the fields of machinery manufacturing, aerospace, shipbuilding, etc., and has broad application prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the size of Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the size of Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the size of Embodiment 3 provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the size of the polyhedron of Example 4 provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 3 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 4 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the color scale of the simulation result of the embodiment provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the cast rod and sample combination provided by the present invention.
  • a test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties which is characterized in that it includes:
  • Step S1 According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod.
  • the diameter of the casting rod shall not be less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the specimen required by the national standard, and the length shall not be less than the total length of the specimen required by the standard;
  • Step S2 Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a spherical shape
  • Step S3 Transform the cast rod into a three-dimensional CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
  • Step S4 Adjust the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or sphere center of the cast rod, and return to step S2 to continue execution until the shrinkage defect is located at the center of the sample;
  • Step S5 Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
  • Step S6 According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is casted in accordance with traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to national standards to perform the performance test and evaluation of the mechanical properties.
  • step S2 Specifically, the step S2:
  • the specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed.
  • step S2 Specifically, the step S2:
  • the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
  • the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a locally thick hot joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
  • step S3 the step S3:
  • the test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties provided by the present invention can be realized through the step flow of the test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties provided by the present invention.
  • Those skilled in the art can understand the test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties as a preferred example of the test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties.
  • a test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties includes:
  • Module S1 According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the cast rod.
  • the diameter of the cast rod is not less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the sample required by the national standard, and the length is not less than the total length of the sample required by the standard;
  • Module S2 Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a sphere
  • Module S3 Transform the cast rod into a 3D CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
  • Module S4 Adjust the position and outer diameter of the center of mass of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere, and re-call the modules S2 and S3 until the shrinkage defect is located in the center of the sample;
  • Module S5 Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
  • Module S6 According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is cast in accordance with the traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to the national standards to complete the mechanical performance test and evaluation.
  • the specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed
  • the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
  • the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a locally thick hot joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any one of the above-mentioned methods for evaluating the impact of porosity defects on mechanical properties. The steps of the test bar design method.
  • Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are schematic diagrams of the dimensions of the test bars in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
  • Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of shrinkage porosity defects of the test bar in Example 1 after solidification. The uniform color scale is shown in Figure 9. The color gradient from black to white indicates an increase in the severity of shrinkage.
  • Figures 6, 7, and 8 are the shrinkage and porosity distribution diagrams of the test bars in Examples 2, 3, and 4 after solidification.
  • Examples 1, 2, and 3 are high-temperature alloy K4169, initial temperature 1450°C, investment casting, mold shell is mullite, initial temperature 950°C;
  • Example 4 is aluminum alloy ZL101A, initial temperature 700°C, sand casting, Resin sand, the initial temperature is 30°C.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the cast rod and the sample. Figure a) The cast rod is machined into a sample of Figure b).
  • Example 1 Select a radius of 10 mm as the radius of the sphere, and the defect shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.
  • Embodiment 2 The radius of 12.5 mm is selected as the radius of the sphere, and the defect shown in FIG. 6 is obtained.
  • Embodiment 3 The radius of 15mm is selected as the radius of the sphere, and the defect shown in FIG. 7 is obtained.
  • Example 4 Polyhedron with a circumscribed radius of 11 mm, and the defect shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.

Abstract

The present invention provides a test rod design method for evaluating the influence of a loosening defect on the mechanical property, comprising: step S1: designing the shape and the size of a casting rod according to the national standard, wherein the diameter of the casting rod is not less than the diameter of clamping positions on both ends of a test piece required by the national standard, and the length of the casting rod is not less than the total length of the test piece required by the standard; step S2: designing a specific region of the casting rod as polyhedral or spherical; step S3: transforming the casting rod into a three-dimensional CAD model, simulating and analyzing a freezing process, and predicting the position where a shrinkage defect possibly occurs, and the severity degree of the shrinkage defect. According to the present invention, an expected casting shrinkage defect can be made at the designated position of the test piece, while no shrinkage defect occurs to other positions, and the defect is reserved within a gauge length of the test piece used for the mechanical property test.

Description

用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法及系统Test bar design method and system for evaluating the influence of loose defects on mechanical properties 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及金属及合金铸造力学性能的试样设计领域，具体地，涉及用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法及系统。尤其地，涉及一种评价铸造疏松缺陷等级对铸件力学性能影响的试样设计与制备方法。The invention relates to the field of sample design for the mechanical properties of metal and alloy casting, and in particular to a test bar design method and system for evaluating the influence of loose defects on the mechanical properties. In particular, it relates to a sample design and preparation method for evaluating the influence of casting porosity defects on the mechanical properties of castings.
背景技术Background technique
金属材料是工业的重要物质基础，产品结构设计师在选用金属材料时依据的通常是金属材料在无缺陷情况下的力学性能数据，然而，金属材料在铸造生产过程中，经常会出现疏松类铸造缺陷。由于缺乏铸造缺陷对力学性能影响规律，人们在铸造产品设计时，多依据金属材料的相关性能手册数据，并设置一定的安全系数进行铸件结构设计，存在设计余量大、材料利用率低、产品超重等问题。尤其是面对含有少量超标疏松缺陷的铸件时，由于无法评估其存在的风险，只能采取返修甚至报废的处理办法，造成大量的人力与资源的浪费。因为缺乏铸造疏松缺陷等级的试样设计方法与制备办法，使得评价铸造疏松缺陷等级对铸件力学性能变得极为困难。Metal materials are an important material basis for industry. When product structure designers choose metal materials, they usually rely on the mechanical performance data of metal materials without defects. However, in the casting production process of metal materials, loose casting often occurs. defect. Due to the lack of casting defects affecting the mechanical properties, when designing casting products, people usually design the casting structure based on the relevant performance manual data of metal materials and set a certain safety factor. There are large design margins, low material utilization, and product design. Overweight and other issues. Especially when faced with castings with a small amount of loose defects that exceed the standard, because the existing risks cannot be evaluated, the only way to deal with it is to repair or even scrap, resulting in a lot of waste of manpower and resources. Because of the lack of sample design methods and preparation methods for casting porosity defect grades, it is extremely difficult to evaluate casting porosity defect grades for the mechanical properties of castings.
经检索，文献“工艺参数对ADC12铝合金压铸件微孔缺陷与力学性能的影响，铸造2017,66(2)”报道以ADC12压铸铝合金为研究对象,研究了压铸工艺参数对ADC12铝合金压铸件微孔缺陷和力学性能的影响规律,分析了铸件的密度、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,铸件的力学性能随着浇注温度的升高和压射速度增加先增高后降低,随高速切换位置增加而降低,同时,铸件内微孔数量随着高速切换位置和压射速度增加而增大。该研究的目的是避免铸件内部产生微孔缺陷，从而获得最佳力学性能的产品，没有研究微孔缺陷的程度与力学性能之间的关系。After retrieval, the document "The influence of process parameters on the micropore defects and mechanical properties of ADC12 aluminum alloy die castings, Casting 2017, 66(2)" reported that ADC12 die casting aluminum alloy was the research object, and the influence of die casting process parameters on ADC12 aluminum alloy die casting was studied. The influence law of microporous defects and mechanical properties of parts, the density, microstructure and mechanical properties of castings are analyzed. The results show that the mechanical properties of castings increase first and then decrease with the increase of pouring temperature and injection speed, and decrease with the increase of high-speed switching position. At the same time, the number of micro-holes in the casting increases with the increase of high-speed switching position and injection speed. Increase. The purpose of this research is to avoid microporous defects in the castings, so as to obtain products with the best mechanical properties, and did not study the relationship between the degree of microporous defects and mechanical properties.
专利文献CN102901659B公开了一种金属合金试样的制备方法，该方法采用真空吸铸设备，利用压力差吸铸成型。具有高洁净性和高效性，且可实现成分高均匀性和高准确性，试棒尺寸达Φ12mm×120mm，解决了粉末冶金、熔模铸造、挤压成型及铸锭加工等试棒制备方法存在的成分不均匀、氧含量控制难、周期长或工序复杂等不足；可满足标准试样的制备、合金设计、性能测试及送料杆制备等工艺对理想合金试棒的严格需求。 这种方法制备的也是接近理想状态的无缺陷合金试样，是一种为了消除缩松等铸造缺陷的影响而进行的试样设计办法。Patent document CN102901659B discloses a method for preparing a metal alloy sample. The method adopts vacuum suction casting equipment and uses pressure difference suction casting to form. It has high cleanliness and high efficiency, and can achieve high uniformity and accuracy of composition. The size of the test bar is Φ12mm×120mm, which solves the existence of test bar preparation methods such as powder metallurgy, investment casting, extrusion molding and ingot processing. Insufficiency such as uneven composition, difficult oxygen content control, long cycle or complicated process; can meet the strict requirements of ideal alloy test bars for standard sample preparation, alloy design, performance testing and feeding rod preparation processes. This method prepares defect-free alloy samples that are close to the ideal state, and is a sample design method to eliminate the influence of casting defects such as shrinkage porosity.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对金属材料铸造产生的缩松缺陷，具有随机性，受金属材料种类、凝固条件、冷却速度、补缩条件及周边环境等多种参数影响的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法及系统，设计一种能够产生不同等级铸造缩松缺陷的试样，该试样能在固定的位置可产生一定缩松等级的铸造缺陷，使其能够研究评价铸造疏松缺陷对力学性能的影响规律，为结构设计师制定铸件验收标准提供依据。Aiming at the problem of shrinkage porosity caused by metal material casting, which is random and affected by various parameters such as the type of metal material, solidification conditions, cooling rate, feeding conditions and surrounding environment, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluation The test bar design method and system for the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties are designed to design a sample that can produce different grades of casting shrinkage porosity. To study and evaluate the influence of loose casting defects on mechanical properties, and to provide a basis for structural designers to formulate acceptance criteria for castings.
根据本发明提供的一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，包括：According to the present invention, a test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties is provided, which is characterized in that it includes:
步骤S1：依据国家标准，设计铸棒的形状、尺寸，铸棒直径不小于国家标准要求的试样两端夹持部位的直径，长度不小于标准要求的试样总长度；Step S1: According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod. The diameter of the casting rod shall not be less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the specimen required by the national standard, and the length shall not be less than the total length of the specimen required by the standard;
步骤S2：将铸棒的特定区域设计成多面体或球形；Step S2: Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a spherical shape;
步骤S3：将铸棒转变成三维CAD模型，并对凝固过程进行模拟和分析，预测可能出现缩松缺陷的位置及缩松缺陷的严重程度；Step S3: Transform the cast rod into a three-dimensional CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
步骤S4：调整铸棒多面体或球心的质心位置及外径，返回步骤S2继续执行，直到缩松缺陷位于试样的中心位置；Step S4: Adjust the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or sphere center of the cast rod, and return to step S2 to continue execution until the shrinkage defect is located at the center of the sample;
步骤S5：记录下球心或多面体的质心位置及外径的尺寸，完成铸棒结构设计；Step S5: Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
步骤S6：依据铸棒的结构设计，按照传统熔模铸造或其他铸造方法浇注成型，再依据国家标准对铸棒进行性能试样的加工，完成力学性能的测试与评估。Step S6: According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is casted in accordance with traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to national standards to perform the performance test and evaluation of the mechanical properties.
优选地，所述步骤S2：Preferably, the step S2:
所述特定区域指：铸棒经过加工以后可以作为试棒标距的部位。The specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed.
优选地，所述步骤S2：Preferably, the step S2:
所述多面体或球心的质心位置及外径大小可变。The position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
优选地，所述多面体与球形的可形成局部粗大的热节，从而制造疏松缺陷。Preferably, the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a local coarse heat joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
优选地，所述步骤S3：Preferably, the step S3:
通过商用模拟软件或热模数计算，对凝固过程进行模拟和分析。Through commercial simulation software or thermal modulus calculation, the solidification process is simulated and analyzed.
根据本发明提供的一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，包括：According to the present invention, a test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties includes:
模块S1：依据国家标准，设计铸棒的形状、尺寸，铸棒直径不小于国家标准要求的 试样两端夹持部位的直径，长度不小于标准要求的试样总长度；Module S1: According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod. The diameter of the casting rod is not less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the sample required by the national standard, and the length is not less than the total length of the sample required by the standard;
模块S2：将铸棒的特定区域设计成多面体或球形；Module S2: Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a sphere;
模块S3：将铸棒转变成三维CAD模型，并对凝固过程进行模拟和分析，预测可能出现缩松缺陷的位置及缩松缺陷的严重程度；Module S3: Transform the cast rod into a 3D CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
模块S4：调整铸棒多面体或球心的质心位置及外径，重新调用模块S2、S3，直到缩松缺陷位于试样的中心位置；Module S4: Adjust the position and outer diameter of the center of mass of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere, and re-call the modules S2 and S3 until the shrinkage defect is located in the center of the sample;
模块S5：记录下球心或多面体的质心位置及外径的尺寸，完成铸棒结构设计；Module S5: Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
模块S6：依据铸棒的结构设计，按照传统熔模铸造或其他铸造方法浇注成型，再依据国家标准对铸棒进行性能试样的加工，完成力学性能的测试与评估。Module S6: According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is cast in accordance with the traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to the national standards to complete the mechanical performance test and evaluation.
优选地，所述模块S2：Preferably, the module S2:
所述特定区域指：铸棒经过加工以后可以作为试棒标距的部位；The specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed;
所述多面体或球心的质心位置及外径大小可变。The position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
优选地，所述多面体与球形的可形成局部粗大的热节，从而制造疏松缺陷。Preferably, the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a local coarse heat joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
优选地，所述模块S3：Preferably, the module S3:
通过商用模拟软件或热模数计算，对凝固过程进行模拟和分析。Through commercial simulation software or thermal modulus calculation, the solidification process is simulated and analyzed.
根据本发明提供的一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述中任一项所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any one of the above-mentioned methods for evaluating the impact of porosity defects on mechanical properties. The steps of the test bar design method.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明可以在试样的指定位置制造出期望的铸造缩松缺陷，而其他位置没有缩松缺陷，并将该缺陷保留在力学性能测试用的试样标距内。1. The present invention can produce the desired casting shrinkage porosity defect at the designated position of the sample, but there is no shrinkage porosity defect in other positions, and keep the defect within the sample gauge length used for the mechanical property test.
2、本发明铸造出的带缺陷试样可用于不同等级疏松缺陷对铸件力学性能的影响评价。2. The sample with defects cast by the present invention can be used to evaluate the influence of different grades of loose defects on the mechanical properties of castings.
3、本发明方法简单，适用于各种铸造合金材料，可用于机械制造、航空航天、船舶制造等领域的铸件缺陷与性能关系评估，均有广泛的应用前景。3. The method of the present invention is simple, is suitable for various casting alloy materials, and can be used for evaluating the relationship between casting defects and performance in the fields of machinery manufacturing, aerospace, shipbuilding, etc., and has broad application prospects.
附图说明Description of the drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：By reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, purposes and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent:
图1为本发明提供的实施例1尺寸示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the size of Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.
图2为本发明提供的实施例2尺寸示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the size of Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.
图3为本发明提供的实施例3尺寸示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the size of Embodiment 3 provided by the present invention.
图4为本发明提供的实施例4多面体尺寸示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the size of the polyhedron of Example 4 provided by the present invention.
图5为本发明提供的实施例1模拟结果示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.
图6为本发明提供的实施例2模拟结果示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.
图7为本发明提供的实施例3模拟结果示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 3 provided by the present invention.
图8为本发明提供的实施例4模拟结果示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of Embodiment 4 provided by the present invention.
图9为本发明提供的实施例模拟结果色标示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the color scale of the simulation result of the embodiment provided by the present invention.
图10为本发明提供的铸棒与试样组合示意图.Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the cast rod and sample combination provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
根据本发明提供的一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，包括：According to the present invention, a test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties is provided, which is characterized in that it includes:
步骤S1：依据国家标准，设计铸棒的形状、尺寸，铸棒直径不小于国家标准要求的试样两端夹持部位的直径，长度不小于标准要求的试样总长度；Step S1: According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod. The diameter of the casting rod shall not be less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the specimen required by the national standard, and the length shall not be less than the total length of the specimen required by the standard;
步骤S2：将铸棒的特定区域设计成多面体或球形；Step S2: Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a spherical shape;
步骤S3：将铸棒转变成三维CAD模型，并对凝固过程进行模拟和分析，预测可能出现缩松缺陷的位置及缩松缺陷的严重程度；Step S3: Transform the cast rod into a three-dimensional CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
步骤S4：调整铸棒多面体或球心的质心位置及外径，返回步骤S2继续执行，直到缩松缺陷位于试样的中心位置；Step S4: Adjust the position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or sphere center of the cast rod, and return to step S2 to continue execution until the shrinkage defect is located at the center of the sample;
步骤S5：记录下球心或多面体的质心位置及外径的尺寸，完成铸棒结构设计；Step S5: Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
步骤S6：依据铸棒的结构设计，按照传统熔模铸造或其他铸造方法浇注成型，再依据国家标准对铸棒进行性能试样的加工，完成力学性能的测试与评估。Step S6: According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is casted in accordance with traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to national standards to perform the performance test and evaluation of the mechanical properties.
具体地，所述步骤S2：Specifically, the step S2:
所述特定区域指：铸棒经过加工以后可以作为试棒标距的部位。The specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed.
具体地，所述步骤S2：Specifically, the step S2:
所述多面体或球心的质心位置及外径大小可变。The position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
具体地，所述多面体与球形的可形成局部粗大的热节，从而制造疏松缺陷。Specifically, the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a locally thick hot joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
具体地，所述步骤S3：Specifically, the step S3:
通过商用模拟软件或热模数计算，对凝固过程进行模拟和分析。Through commercial simulation software or thermal modulus calculation, the solidification process is simulated and analyzed.
本发明提供的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，可以通过本发明给的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法的步骤流程实现。本领域技术人员可以将所述用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，理解为所述用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统的一个优选例。The test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties provided by the present invention can be realized through the step flow of the test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties provided by the present invention. Those skilled in the art can understand the test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties as a preferred example of the test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties.
根据本发明提供的一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，包括：According to the present invention, a test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties includes:
模块S1：依据国家标准，设计铸棒的形状、尺寸，铸棒直径不小于国家标准要求的试样两端夹持部位的直径，长度不小于标准要求的试样总长度；Module S1: According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the cast rod. The diameter of the cast rod is not less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the sample required by the national standard, and the length is not less than the total length of the sample required by the standard;
模块S2：将铸棒的特定区域设计成多面体或球形；Module S2: Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a sphere;
模块S3：将铸棒转变成三维CAD模型，并对凝固过程进行模拟和分析，预测可能出现缩松缺陷的位置及缩松缺陷的严重程度；Module S3: Transform the cast rod into a 3D CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
模块S4：调整铸棒多面体或球心的质心位置及外径，重新调用模块S2、S3，直到缩松缺陷位于试样的中心位置；Module S4: Adjust the position and outer diameter of the center of mass of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere, and re-call the modules S2 and S3 until the shrinkage defect is located in the center of the sample;
模块S5：记录下球心或多面体的质心位置及外径的尺寸，完成铸棒结构设计；Module S5: Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
模块S6：依据铸棒的结构设计，按照传统熔模铸造或其他铸造方法浇注成型，再依据国家标准对铸棒进行性能试样的加工，完成力学性能的测试与评估。Module S6: According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is cast in accordance with the traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to the national standards to complete the mechanical performance test and evaluation.
具体地，所述模块S2：Specifically, the module S2:
所述特定区域指：铸棒经过加工以后可以作为试棒标距的部位；The specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed;
所述多面体或球心的质心位置及外径大小可变。The position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
具体地，所述多面体与球形的可形成局部粗大的热节，从而制造疏松缺陷。Specifically, the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form a locally thick hot joint, thereby creating a loose defect.
具体地，所述模块S3：Specifically, the module S3:
通过商用模拟软件或热模数计算，对凝固过程进行模拟和分析。Through commercial simulation software or thermal modulus calculation, the solidification process is simulated and analyzed.
根据本发明提供的一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述中任一项所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any one of the above-mentioned methods for evaluating the impact of porosity defects on mechanical properties. The steps of the test bar design method.
下面通过优选例，对本发明进行更为具体地说明。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained more specifically through preferred examples.
优选例1：Preferred example 1:
附图1、2、3、4分别为实施例1、2、3、4中试棒的尺寸示意图。附图5为实施例1中试棒凝固后缩松缺陷分布图。色标统一见图9，颜色从黑色渐变为白色表明缩松严重程度的增加。同理，附图6、7、8为实施例2、3、4中试棒凝固后缩松缺陷分布图。实施例1、2、3为高温合金K4169，初始温度1450℃，熔模精铸，模壳为莫来石，初始温度950℃；实施例4为铝合金ZL101A，初始温度700℃，砂型铸造，树脂砂，初始温度30℃。附图10为铸棒与试样示意图，a)图铸棒经机械加工成b)图的试样。Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are schematic diagrams of the dimensions of the test bars in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of shrinkage porosity defects of the test bar in Example 1 after solidification. The uniform color scale is shown in Figure 9. The color gradient from black to white indicates an increase in the severity of shrinkage. In the same way, Figures 6, 7, and 8 are the shrinkage and porosity distribution diagrams of the test bars in Examples 2, 3, and 4 after solidification. Examples 1, 2, and 3 are high-temperature alloy K4169, initial temperature 1450°C, investment casting, mold shell is mullite, initial temperature 950°C; Example 4 is aluminum alloy ZL101A, initial temperature 700°C, sand casting, Resin sand, the initial temperature is 30℃. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the cast rod and the sample. Figure a) The cast rod is machined into a sample of Figure b).
实施例1：选取半径10mm为球形的半径，得到图5所示的缺陷。Example 1: Select a radius of 10 mm as the radius of the sphere, and the defect shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.
实施例2：选取半径12.5mm为球形的半径，得到图6所示的缺陷。Embodiment 2: The radius of 12.5 mm is selected as the radius of the sphere, and the defect shown in FIG. 6 is obtained.
实施例3：选取半径15mm为球形的半径，得到图7所示的缺陷。Embodiment 3: The radius of 15mm is selected as the radius of the sphere, and the defect shown in FIG. 7 is obtained.
实施例4：多面体，外接圆半径11mm，得到图8所示的缺陷。Example 4: Polyhedron with a circumscribed radius of 11 mm, and the defect shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the pointed device Or the element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present application.
本领域技术人员知道，除了以纯计算机可读程序代码方式实现本发明提供的系统、装置及其各个模块以外，完全可以通过将方法步骤进行逻辑编程来使得本发明提供的系统、装置及其各个模块以逻辑门、开关、专用集成电路、可编程逻辑控制器以及嵌入式微控制器等的形式来实现相同程序。所以，本发明提供的系统、装置及其各个模块可以被认为是一种硬件部件，而对其内包括的用于实现各种程序的模块也可以视为硬件部件内的结构；也可以将用于实现各种功能的模块视为既可以是实现方法的软件程序又可以是硬件部件内的结构。Those skilled in the art know that, in addition to implementing the system, device and various modules provided by the present invention in a purely computer-readable program code manner, it is completely possible to make the system, device and various modules provided by the present invention by logically programming method steps The same program is implemented in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, the system, device and various modules provided by the present invention can be regarded as a kind of hardware component, and the modules included in it for implementing various programs can also be regarded as the structure within the hardware component; The modules for realizing various functions can be regarded as both software programs for realizing methods and structures within hardware components.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，包括：A test bar design method for evaluating the influence of loose defects on mechanical properties, which is characterized in that it includes:
    步骤S1：依据国家标准，设计铸棒的形状、尺寸，铸棒直径不小于国家标准要求的试样两端夹持部位的直径，长度不小于标准要求的试样总长度；Step S1: According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the casting rod. The diameter of the casting rod shall not be less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the specimen required by the national standard, and the length shall not be less than the total length of the specimen required by the standard;
    步骤S2：将铸棒的特定区域设计成多面体或球形；Step S2: Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a spherical shape;
    步骤S3：将铸棒转变成三维CAD模型，并对凝固过程进行模拟和分析，预测可能出现缩松缺陷的位置及缩松缺陷的严重程度；Step S3: Transform the cast rod into a three-dimensional CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
    步骤S4：调整铸棒多面体或球心的质心位置及外径，返回步骤S2继续执行，直到缩松缺陷位于试样的中心位置；Step S4: Adjust the centroid position and outer diameter of the polyhedron or sphere center of the cast rod, and return to step S2 to continue execution until the shrinkage defect is located at the center of the sample;
    步骤S5：记录下球心或多面体的质心位置及外径的尺寸，完成铸棒结构设计；Step S5: Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
    步骤S6：依据铸棒的结构设计，按照传统熔模铸造或其他铸造方法浇注成型，再依据国家标准对铸棒进行性能试样的加工，完成力学性能的测试与评估。Step S6: According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is casted in accordance with traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to national standards to perform the performance test and evaluation of the mechanical properties.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2：The test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 1, wherein the step S2:
    所述特定区域指：铸棒经过加工以后可以作为试棒标距的部位。The specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2：The test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 1, wherein the step S2:
    所述多面体或球心的质心位置及外径大小可变。The position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，所述多面体与球形的可形成局部粗大的热节，从而制造疏松缺陷。The test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form locally coarse heat joints, thereby producing porosity defects.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3：The test bar design method for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 1, wherein the step S3:
    通过商用模拟软件或热模数计算，对凝固过程进行模拟和分析。Through commercial simulation software or thermal modulus calculation, the solidification process is simulated and analyzed.
  6. 一种用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，其特征在于，包括：A test bar design system for evaluating the influence of loose defects on mechanical properties, which is characterized in that it includes:
    模块S1：依据国家标准，设计铸棒的形状、尺寸，铸棒直径不小于国家标准要求的试样两端夹持部位的直径，长度不小于标准要求的试样总长度；Module S1: According to the national standard, design the shape and size of the cast rod. The diameter of the cast rod is not less than the diameter of the clamping part at both ends of the sample required by the national standard, and the length is not less than the total length of the sample required by the standard;
    模块S2：将铸棒的特定区域设计成多面体或球形；Module S2: Design the specific area of the cast rod into a polyhedron or a sphere;
    模块S3：将铸棒转变成三维CAD模型，并对凝固过程进行模拟和分析，预测可能出现缩松缺陷的位置及缩松缺陷的严重程度；Module S3: Transform the cast rod into a 3D CAD model, simulate and analyze the solidification process, and predict the location of shrinkage defects and the severity of shrinkage defects;
    模块S4：调整铸棒多面体或球心的质心位置及外径，重新调用模块S2、S3，直到缩松缺陷位于试样的中心位置；Module S4: Adjust the position and outer diameter of the center of mass of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere, and re-call the modules S2 and S3 until the shrinkage defect is located in the center of the sample;
    模块S5：记录下球心或多面体的质心位置及外径的尺寸，完成铸棒结构设计；Module S5: Record the position of the center of mass and the size of the outer diameter of the sphere or polyhedron, and complete the design of the cast rod structure;
    模块S6：依据铸棒的结构设计，按照传统熔模铸造或其他铸造方法浇注成型，再依据国家标准对铸棒进行性能试样的加工，完成力学性能的测试与评估。Module S6: According to the structural design of the cast rod, it is cast in accordance with traditional investment casting or other casting methods, and then the cast rod is processed according to national standards to perform mechanical performance testing and evaluation.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，其特征在于，所述模块S2：The test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 6, wherein the module S2:
    所述特定区域指：铸棒经过加工以后可以作为试棒标距的部位；The specific area refers to the part where the cast rod can be used as the gauge length of the test rod after being processed;
    所述多面体或球心的质心位置及外径大小可变。The position of the center of mass and the outer diameter of the polyhedron or the center of the sphere are variable.
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，其特征在于，所述多面体与球形的可形成局部粗大的热节，从而制造疏松缺陷。The test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 6, characterized in that the polyhedron and the spherical shape can form locally coarse heat joints, thereby creating porosity defects.
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计系统，其特征在于，所述模块S3：The test bar design system for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to claim 6, wherein the module S3:
    通过商用模拟软件或热模数计算，对凝固过程进行模拟和分析。Through commercial simulation software or thermal modulus calculation, the solidification process is simulated and analyzed.
  10. 一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于评价疏松缺陷对力学性能影响的试棒设计方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the test for evaluating the influence of porosity defects on mechanical properties according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is realized. The steps of the stick design method.
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