WO2021223306A1 - 针装置、静脉采血针、输液针及其保护结构和保护方法 - Google Patents

针装置、静脉采血针、输液针及其保护结构和保护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021223306A1
WO2021223306A1 PCT/CN2020/097976 CN2020097976W WO2021223306A1 WO 2021223306 A1 WO2021223306 A1 WO 2021223306A1 CN 2020097976 W CN2020097976 W CN 2020097976W WO 2021223306 A1 WO2021223306 A1 WO 2021223306A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needle
protective shell
shell
tube
protective
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/097976
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡超宇
高占强
Original Assignee
普昂(杭州)医疗科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010378584.1A external-priority patent/CN111420184A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010377929.1A external-priority patent/CN111481776B/zh
Application filed by 普昂(杭州)医疗科技有限公司 filed Critical 普昂(杭州)医疗科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021223306A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223306A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/153—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of medical equipment, and relates to a protective structure of a needle device, which is used for venous blood sampling needles, intravenous infusion needles, etc., and particularly relates to a needle device, a venous blood sampling needle, an infusion needle, and a protection structure and a protection method thereof.
  • Venous blood collection needles and intravenous infusion needles are the most commonly used and most commonly used disposable consumables in medical institutions.
  • Traditional venous blood collection needles and infusion needles mostly adopt single-wing or double-wing needle seat structure. This kind of needle seat structure is inconvenient to use, and the needle is exposed after use, which can easily cause accidental needle stick injuries and environmental pollution. Needlestick injuries and the resulting cross-infection are a safety and health problem that has long plagued the majority of medical staff; contaminated needles exposed after use can easily cause secondary injuries and cross-infection.
  • a blood sampling needle adopts a telescopic needle technical method.
  • the elastic force of a structure such as a spring is used to retract the needle into a protective cover for protecting the needle.
  • the needle can be effectively protected to prevent medical staff from being stabbed, it will cause great pain to the patient due to the mechanical action of the needle retraction.
  • the retractable needle is retracted, there are often gaps in the retractable mechanical structure, which may clamp the skin and cause greater pain to the patient.
  • the patent document with the publication number CN105816189A discloses a needle-stick safety lancet, which is sheathed in a needle holder by a plurality of sliders, and after use, the sliders are spread out layer by layer to cover the needle, through elastic fasteners and card slots (Or elastic washers) are used to buckle each other when the two sliders slide to completely cover the needle or when the needle is completely exposed, so as to limit the mutual movement between the sliders.
  • the venous needle part of the lancet itself is small in size.
  • the use of a three-layer cannula structure and a snap structure or an elastic washer engaging structure not only greatly increases the manufacturing accuracy requirements and manufacturing costs, but there is still a snapping structure that is prone to failure. The tip of the needle is exposed to the risk of a needle stick accident.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a needle device and its protective structure and protection method, as well as the venous blood sampling needle and intravenous infusion needle adopting the protective structure, which form an irreversible lock when the needle tip is completely covered by the protective shell.
  • the locking structure prevents the needle tip from being exposed again after locking failure, and the structure is reasonable, the manufacturing and assembly are convenient, and the manufacturing cost is low.
  • a protection structure for a needle device includes a needle tube, the needle tube is fixed on a needle seat, the needle seat is covered with a protective shell, the needle seat moves in the protective shell, and there are at least two moving paths between the needle seat and the protective shell:
  • the first sliding path and the second sliding path are transitionally connected back and forth, and the first sliding path and the second sliding path form an obtuse angle; when the needle seat is in the first sliding path, the needle seat slides back and forth along the axis of the needle tube; the needle seat In the second sliding path, the front part of the needle seat and the rear part of the protective shell are in sliding fit, and the needle tube is elastically bent and deformed. In this way, the relative movement between the needle holder and the protective shell does not always move in one direction.
  • the front of the puncture tip of the needle tube is blocked by a blocking member so that the protective shell cannot be exposed, and the blocking member is fixedly connected to the protective shell or is integrally formed.
  • the protective shell includes a first shell and a second shell that are fixedly connected as a whole, and the first shell and the second shell are coordinated and fixed up and down or left and right.
  • the length of the second housing for contacting the patient’s skin is greater than the length of the first housing.
  • the rear part of the body protruding beyond the first housing is slidingly fitted with the needle seat.
  • the left and right side walls of the rear part of the second housing are provided with a pair of first guide protrusions, one front and one rear.
  • the first guide groove and the second guide groove are slidably fitted by the protrusions, the front end of the first guide groove is blocked, the rear end of the first guide groove communicates with the front end of the second guide groove, and the rear end of the second guide groove penetrates.
  • An included angle between a guide groove and the axis of the needle tube is 2-15°.
  • the length of the needle holder matches the length of the second groove on the second housing, and the bottom surfaces of the left and right sides of the rear of the needle holder are respectively formed with side slope surfaces, and the side slope surfaces are connected to the rear of the second housing.
  • the first guide protrusion of the part corresponds to the first guide protrusion to fit into the second guide groove.
  • a damping protrusion or positioning protrusion is provided between the protective shell and the needle seat, and the damping protrusion or positioning protrusion is provided on the protective shell or the needle seat.
  • a protection structure for a needle device includes a needle tube, the needle tube is fixed on a needle seat, and a protective shell is sleeved on the needle seat.
  • the needle seat moves in the protective shell and has at least two position states: when the needle seat is in the first position state, The puncture tip of the needle tube exposes the protective shell, and when the needle seat is in the second position, the puncture tip of the needle tube is housed in the protective shell; when the puncture tip of the needle tube is put into the protective shell, the needle tube is elastically bent and deformed.
  • the needle tube remains elastically bent and deformed.
  • the front of the puncture tip of the needle tube is blocked by a blocking member so that the protective shell cannot be exposed, and the blocking member is fixedly connected to the protective shell or is integrally formed.
  • the needle holder there are at least two sliding paths between the needle holder and the protective shell: when the needle holder is in the first sliding path, the needle holder slides back and forth along the axis of the needle tube; when the needle holder is in the second sliding path, the front of the needle holder is The first sliding path and the second sliding path are transitionally connected back and forth, and the first sliding path and the second sliding path form an obtuse angle.
  • the protective shell includes a first shell and a second shell that are fixedly connected as a whole, the first shell and the second shell are fixed up and down or left and right; the first shell and the second shell
  • the movable space for accommodating the needle holder is formed between the bodies; the length of the second housing for contacting the patient’s skin is greater than the length of the first housing, and the front part of the second housing beyond the first housing is provided for blocking the puncture of the needle tube
  • the blocking part of the tip, the second housing extends beyond the rear of the first housing to slidably fit with the needle seat.
  • At least a pair of first guide protrusions are provided on the left and right side walls of the rear part of the second housing, and the left and right side walls of the needle holder are respectively provided with the first guide protrusions.
  • the first guide groove and the second guide groove are slidably fitted, the front end of the first guide groove is blocked, the rear end of the first guide groove communicates with the front end of the second guide groove, the rear end of the second guide groove penetrates, and the first guide groove
  • the groove and the axis of the needle tube form an angle of 2-15°.
  • a damping protrusion or positioning protrusion is provided between the protective shell and the needle seat, and the damping protrusion or positioning protrusion is provided on the protective shell or the needle seat.
  • a needle device includes the above-mentioned protective structure, and a butterfly wing or a hose or a test tube needle assembly or an injection syringe is fixed at the rear of the needle seat.
  • the hose is fixedly connected with the test tube needle assembly, or the hose is fixedly connected with the heparin cap, or the hose is fixedly connected with the infusion set, or the hose is fixedly connected with the injection syringe.
  • a venous blood sampling needle includes the above-mentioned protective structure, a butterfly wing and a flexible tube are fixed at the rear of the needle seat, and the flexible tube is fixedly connected with a test tube needle assembly.
  • An infusion needle includes the above-mentioned protective structure, a butterfly wing and a hose are fixed at the rear of the needle seat, and the hose is connected with a cork puncture device, a flow regulator and a dropper.
  • a method for protecting a needle device adopts the above-mentioned protective structure, and the following steps are implemented when shielding the needle tip: pressing the protective shell and pulling the needle tube backwards until the puncture tip of the needle tube is received in the protective shell.
  • the present invention adopts the above technical solution, and the needle tube is elastically deformed when the protective shell is retracted to cover the needle tube, so that the needle tube must be bent and deformed again to be exposed from the protective shell, and the needle tube is contained in the protective shell ,
  • the external force cannot directly act on the needle tube, and it cannot cause it to bend and deform. Therefore, the protection of the puncture tip of the needle tube by the protective shell forms an irreversible locking process, which will not lock failure and avoid the puncture tip of the needle tube
  • the risk of re-exposure also avoids needle stick injury and cross-infection.
  • the structure is reasonable, the manufacturing and assembly are convenient, and the manufacturing cost is low.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of embodiment 1
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of Example 1 (when not in use);
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of Example 1 (when in use, the protective sleeve is removed);
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1 (when in use, remove the protective sleeve);
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of Example 1 (after use, the needle tip is covered by the protective shell);
  • FIG 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1 (after use, the needle tip is covered by the protective shell);
  • Figure 7 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the needle tube and the needle seat
  • Figure 8 is the second structural diagram of the needle tube and the needle seat
  • Figure 9 is an exploded view of the protective shell
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 2 (when in use, remove the protective sleeve);
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the structure of Example 2 (after use, the needle tip is covered by the protective shell);
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the "above” or “below” of the first feature of the second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through other features between them.
  • the "above”, “above” and “above” of the first feature on the second feature include the first feature directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the second feature of the first feature include the first feature directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.
  • the present invention takes the puncture tip of the needle tube as the front and the connecting needle seat end of the needle tube as the back, and establishes up, down, left and right on the basis of the front and back direction of the needle tube.
  • the needle tube must be bent and deformed again to be exposed from the protective shell, and the needle tube is contained in the protective shell, and external force cannot directly act on the needle tube, so that it cannot be bent and deformed. Therefore, the protective shell is opposite to the needle tube.
  • the protection of the puncture tip of the needle tube forms an irreversible locking process, and the locking will not fail, avoiding the risk of the puncture tip of the needle tube being exposed again.
  • the needle tube 2 after the puncture tip of the needle tube 2 is stored in the protective shell, the needle tube 2 remains elastically bent and deformed.
  • the stress of the elastic deformation of the needle tube can firmly fit and fix the protective shell and the needle tube, and the sharper puncture tip of the needle tube will penetrate the inner wall of the protective shell to close the needle hole, making the fixing of the two more stable, and not only avoiding the easy shaking of the needle tube
  • the above-mentioned elastic bending deformation is that the pointer tube is bent when the external force is applied, and when the external force is removed, the needle tube returns to its original shape.
  • the above-mentioned elastic bending deformation includes the elastic bending deformation of the needle tube as a whole, and also the elastic bending deformation of a part or part of the needle tube, especially the elastic bending deformation of the part of the pointer tube exposed to the needle seat.
  • the front of the puncture tip of the needle tube 2 is blocked by a blocking member so that the protective shell cannot be exposed, and the blocking member is fixedly connected to the protective shell or integrally formed.
  • the stopper makes the needle tube have to produce a greater degree of bending deformation, which further avoids the risk of the needle tube being exposed again from the protective shell, and also avoids the possibility that the puncture tip of the needle tube is exposed again by violently pushing the protective shell.
  • the puncture tip of the needle tube can be pierced into the inner wall of the protective shell to close the needle hole, which avoids the risk of the residual liquid in the needle tube flowing out and polluting the environment due to the shaking of the needle tube. Therefore, a further preferred embodiment is that the protective shell and its barriers are made of plastic, such as hard plastic or semi-rigid plastic. On the basis of ensuring a certain strength of the protective shell, it is also convenient for the puncture tip of the needle tube to penetrate less. Deep and close the pinhole.
  • the relative movement between the needle holder and the protective shell does not always move in one direction, there are two sliding directions (two mating states), one is before the puncture tip of the needle tube is received in the protective shell, and the other is When and after the puncture tip of the needle tube is received in the protective case; the moment the puncture tip of the needle tube is received in the protective case, the two change the relative movement direction, the direction of movement changes, so that the needle tube falls (hidden) into the protective case and is locked.
  • the needle tube also participates in the movement.
  • the needle tube and the protective shell or other parts, such as blocking parts
  • This elastic deformation of the needle tube forms The irreversible process of needle locking.
  • the protective shell includes a first housing 4 and a second housing 7 that are fixedly connected as a whole, and the first housing 4 and the second housing 7 are fixed up and down or left and right.
  • the two shells can be fixedly connected by bonding, welding, snaps, fasteners, etc.
  • the two shells can also be hinged on one side and fixed on the other side.
  • the length of the second housing 7 for contacting the patient’s skin is greater than the length of the first housing 4.
  • the blocking portion 74 of the puncture tip of the needle tube 2 is blocked, and the second housing 7 extends beyond the rear of the first housing 4 to slidably fit with the needle seat 3.
  • the first housing 4 is provided with a first groove 41 penetrating back and forth, and the second housing 7 is provided with a second groove 71 penetrating backwards.
  • the first groove 41 and the second groove 71 fit up and down.
  • An active space for accommodating the needle holder 3 is formed.
  • the aforementioned blocking member and the protective shell are integrally formed to form a blocking portion, and a guide groove is formed between the two shells for the needle holder to slide.
  • the structure is reasonable and the manufacturing is convenient and low-cost.
  • the shell) is larger and longer to avoid accidentally pinching the skin, and it is also convenient for medical observation.
  • first guide protrusions 72 are provided on the left and right side walls of the rear part of the second housing 7, and the needle seat 3
  • the left and right side walls are respectively provided with a first guide groove 31 (corresponding to the second sliding path) and a second guide groove 32 (corresponding to the first sliding path) that are slidably engaged with the first guide protrusion 72.
  • the first guide The front end of the groove 31 is blocked, the rear end of the first guide groove 31 communicates with the front end of the second guide groove 32, the rear end of the second guide groove 32 penetrates, and the first guide groove 31 and the axis of the needle tube 2 are 2-15° Angle.
  • a guide chute is provided on the needle seat, and a guide protrusion is provided on the lower shell, so that the structure is reasonable and material is saved.
  • the above-mentioned first guide protrusion may be in various shapes, such as columnar, elongated, block, hemispherical, arc-shaped, and the like.
  • the relative movement between the needle holder and the protective shell adopts a sliding fit method and has a variety of structural forms, such as rib and groove fit, dovetail groove fit, U-shaped groove fit, etc., and there are also many structures using rolling fit.
  • Forms, such as by means of pulleys, rollers, rollers, etc. also include various forms of movement such as magnetic levitation.
  • the sliding guiding effect of the above-mentioned second guiding groove can also be realized by the guiding groove of the protective shell accommodating the needle holder sliding (and both the second guiding groove and the guiding groove can realize the first sliding path), according to the length of the guiding groove,
  • the length of the second guide groove can be appropriately shortened, as long as it is ensured that the needle seat will not fall out of the protective shell and the sliding fit between the first guide protrusion and the first guide groove can be achieved, and even only a very short second guide can be retained
  • the groove serves as the guide entrance of the first guide groove.
  • two pairs of first guide protrusions 72 are oppositely arranged in the front and the back. In this way, the use of two pairs of first guide protrusions can not only accurately control the sliding direction, but also facilitate the transitional sliding between the first guide groove and the second guide groove.
  • a further preferred embodiment here is that the two pairs of first guide protrusions are cylindrical.
  • the length of the needle holder 3 matches the length of the second groove 71 on the second housing 7, and the bottom surfaces of the left and right sides at the rear of the needle holder 3 are respectively formed with side slopes.
  • the side slope surface 33 corresponds to the first guide protrusion 72 at the rear of the second housing 7 so that the first guide protrusion 72 fits into the second guide groove 32.
  • the bottom surface of the front part of the needle seat 3 is the front The slope surface 38 facilitates the oblique and sliding fit of the needle seat and the protective shell and forms a certain included angle when the protection is locked.
  • a damping protrusion 35 or positioning protrusion is provided between the protective shell and the needle seat 3, and the damping protrusion 35 or positioning protrusion is provided on the protective shell or the needle seat 3.
  • the sliding resistance between the needle holder and the protective shell is increased by the damping protrusion, or the coordinated positioning between the needle holder and the protective shell is implemented by the positioning protrusion, so as to realize the locking and positioning of the needle device before use and avoid the needle tip from retracting .
  • the initial positioning or locking can also be implemented by using structures such as a protruding member, a locking groove, an elastic damping member, and a positioning pin.
  • the needle device with the above-mentioned protective structure can be any puncture device with a needle tube, such as a venous blood sampling needle, an intravenous infusion needle, or an injection needle. Disease infection and other injuries caused by accidental injury of the needle tip.
  • the protection method of the needle device with the above-mentioned protective structure takes a venous blood collection needle as an example.
  • press the protective shell to pull the needle holder backward, and the needle holder moves backward along the first sliding path, so that the puncture tip of the needle tube Leaving the human skin; when the needle holder moves to the first sliding path, the protective shell and the needle holder rotate, which shows that the front end of the needle tube is pressed down and the rear end is upturned.
  • the protective shell and the needle tube continue to squeeze each other, and the needle tube produces elastic bending and deformation.
  • the needle tube crosses the blocking portion 74 and falls into the protective shell. In this process, the sliding is irreversible without external force, and the puncture tip of the needle tube is locked into the protective shell, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Show to prevent the needle tip from hurting people or things.
  • the protective structure of a needle device shown in Figures 10 to 12 differs from Embodiment 1 only in that: the protective shell is provided with a third guide groove 75 and a fourth guide groove 76, and the needle seat 3 is Two pairs of matching front and rear second guide protrusions 37 are provided, the front end of the third guide groove 75 (corresponding to the first sliding path) is blocked, and the rear end of the third guide groove 75 communicates with the front end of the fourth guide groove 76, The rear end of the fourth guide groove 76 is blocked, and the protective shell is formed by a fixed combination of the first shell 4 and the second shell 7 with the same length. Others are the same as in Example 1.
  • the needle holder 3 On the butterfly wing mounting portion 36, the needle holder 3 is fixedly connected to the hose 6.
  • the front end of the hose 6 is mounted on the hose mounting portion 34 at the rear end of the needle holder 3, and the rear end of the hose 6 is connected to the test tube needle assembly (straight).
  • Needle (not shown) is fixedly connected, and when not in use, a protective sleeve 1 is sheathed on the needle tube 2.
  • an infusion needle having the protective structure as described in embodiment 1 or 2, as shown in Figs.
  • the needle holder 3 On the butterfly wing mounting part 36, the needle holder 3 is fixedly connected to the hose 6, the front end of the hose 6 is mounted on the hose mounting part 34 at the rear end of the needle holder 3, and the hose 6 is connected to the infusion set (at least including the cork puncture (Not shown), the needle tube 2 is sheathed with a protective tube 1 when it is not in use.

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Abstract

一种针装置、静脉采血针、输液针及其保护结构和保护方法。该保护结构包括针管（2），针管（2）固定在针座（3）上。针座（3）上套设有保护壳，针座（3）在保护壳中移动并具有至少两个位置状态：针座（3）在第一位置状态时，针管（2）的穿刺尖端露出保护壳，针座（3）在第二位置状态时，针管（2）的穿刺尖端收入保护壳内。针管（2）的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳时，针管（2）产生弹性弯曲形变。保护壳完全遮蔽针尖后形成不可逆的锁止结构，避免了锁止失效再次露出针尖，并且结构合理、制造组装较方便、制造成本较低。

Description

针装置、静脉采血针、输液针及其保护结构和保护方法 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械领域，涉及一种针装置的保护结构，用于静脉采血针、静脉输液针等，尤其涉及针装置、静脉采血针、输液针及其保护结构和保护方法。
 背景技术
静脉采血针和静脉输液针是医疗机构最常用、使用最普遍的一次性耗材。传统的静脉采血针和输液针多采用单翼或双翼片针座结构，该种针座结构使用不方便，使用后针头暴露在外，很容易造成意外针刺伤和环境污染。针刺伤和由此造成的交叉感染是长期困扰广大医务人员的一个安全和健康问题；使用后被污染的针头裸露在外，很容易造成二次伤害和交叉感染。
针对这一缺陷，现有技术中有采血针采用了伸缩式针头的技术手段，在采血完成后，利用弹簧等结构的弹力，将针头缩回至用于保护针头的保护套等结构内。这样一来，虽然可以有效保护针头，避免医务人员被刺伤，但是却会因为针头回缩的机械动作造成患者极大的痛苦。另一方面，伸缩式针头在缩回时，由于可以伸缩的机械结构往往存在缝隙，可能将皮肤夹住对患者造成更大的痛苦。
公开号为CN105816189A的专利文献公开了一种防针刺安全采血针，通过设置多个滑件层套于针座，在使用后通过滑件层层展开以遮蔽针头，通过弹性扣件和卡槽（或者弹性垫圈）用于在两个滑件滑动至完全遮蔽针头时或者针头完全暴露时相互扣合，以限制滑件之间相互移动。但是，采血针的静脉针部分本身体积很小，采用三层套管结构以及卡扣结构或者弹性垫圈卡合结构，不仅大大增加了制造精度要求和制造成本，并且仍然存在卡合结构容易失效导致针尖露出造成针刺事故的风险。
 技术问题
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种针装置及其保护结构和保护方法，以及采用该保护结构的静脉采血针和静脉输液针，当保护壳完全遮蔽针尖后形成不可逆的锁止结构，避免了锁止失效再次露出针尖，并且结构合理、制造组装方便和制造成本低。
 技术解决方案
为了达到上述的目的，本发明采用了以下的技术方案：
一种针装置的保护结构，包括针管，针管固定在针座上，针座上套设有保护壳，针座在保护壳中移动，所述针座和保护壳之间具有至少两个移动路径：第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径，两者前后过渡衔接，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径形成钝角夹角；针座在第一滑动路径时，针座沿针管轴向前后滑动；针座在第二滑动路径时，针座的前部与保护壳的后部滑动配合，针管产生弹性弯曲形变。这样，针座和保护壳两者之间的相对运动并非始终沿着一个方向运动，有两个滑动方向：一个是在针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳之前，另一个是在针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳时及之后；针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳的那一刻，两者改变了相对运动方向，运动方向的改变，使针管落到保护壳中并被锁定，在这个过程中，针管也参与了运动，针管与保护壳产生挤压，比如说弯曲、回弹、旋转等变形方式，针管的这种弹性变形，形成了针管锁定的不可逆过程。相对于现有技术中采用卡扣结构或者卡合结构，这样的不可逆锁定过程不仅更加稳定不会失效，而且仅涉及滑动方向改变，不需要设置专门的卡扣部件等，降低了制造精度要求和制造成本，也方便组装。
作为优选，所述针管的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管的穿刺尖端前方被阻挡件阻挡无法露出保护壳，该阻挡件与保护壳固定连接或一体成型。
作为优选，所述保护壳包括固定连接为一体的第一壳体和第二壳体，第一壳体和第二壳体上下配合固定或者左右配合固定。
作为优选，用于接触患者皮肤的第二壳体的长度大于第一壳体的长度，第二壳体超出第一壳体的前部设有用于阻挡针管的穿刺尖端的阻挡部，第二壳体超出第一壳体的后部与针座滑动配合。
作为优选，所述第二壳体后部的左右两侧壁上相对设置有一前一后两对第一导向凸起，所述针座的左右两侧壁上分别设有与所述第一导向凸起滑动配合的第一导向槽和第二导向槽，第一导向槽的前端阻断，第一导向槽的后端与第二导向槽的前端连通，第二导向槽的后端贯通，第一导向槽与针管的轴线呈2～15°夹角。
作为优选，所述针座的长度与第二壳体上第二凹槽的长度相匹配，针座后部的左右两侧底面分别形成有侧斜坡面，该侧斜坡面与第二壳体后部的第一导向凸起相对应以便于第一导向凸起装入第二导向槽内。
作为优选，所述保护壳和针座之间设有阻尼凸起或定位凸起，该阻尼凸起或定位凸起设在保护壳或者针座上。
一种针装置的保护结构，包括针管，针管固定在针座上，针座上套设有保护壳，针座在保护壳中移动并具有至少两个位置状态：针座在第一位置状态时，针管的穿刺尖端露出保护壳，针座在第二位置状态时，针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳内；针管的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳时，针管产生弹性弯曲形变。
作为优选，所述针管的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管保持弹性弯曲形变。
作为优选，所述针管的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管的穿刺尖端前方被阻挡件阻挡无法露出保护壳，该阻挡件与保护壳固定连接或一体成型。
作为优选，所述针座和保护壳之间具有至少两个滑动路径：针座在第一滑动路径时，针座沿针管轴向前后滑动；针座在第二滑动路径时，针座的前部与保护壳的后部滑动配合；其中，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径前后过渡衔接，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径形成钝角夹角。
作为优选，所述保护壳包括固定连接为一体的第一壳体和第二壳体，第一壳体和第二壳体上下配合固定或者左右配合固定；所述第一壳体和第二壳体之间形成容纳针座的活动空间；用于接触患者皮肤的第二壳体的长度大于第一壳体的长度，第二壳体超出第一壳体的前部设有用于阻挡针管的穿刺尖端的阻挡部，第二壳体超出第一壳体的后部与针座滑动配合。
作为优选，所述第二壳体后部的左右两侧壁上相对设置有至少一对第一导向凸起，所述针座的左右两侧壁上分别设有与所述第一导向凸起滑动配合的第一导向槽和第二导向槽，第一导向槽的前端阻断，第一导向槽的后端与第二导向槽的前端连通，第二导向槽的后端贯通，第一导向槽与针管的轴线呈2～15°夹角。
作为优选，所述保护壳和针座之间设有阻尼凸起或定位凸起，该阻尼凸起或定位凸起设在保护壳或者针座上。
一种针装置，包括如上所述的保护结构，所述针座后部固定有蝶翼或软管或者试管针组件或者注射针筒。
作为优选，所述软管与试管针组件固定连接，或者软管与肝素帽固定连接，或者软管与输液器固定连接，或者软管与注射针筒固定连接。
一种静脉采血针，包括如上所述的保护结构，所述针座后部固定有蝶翼和软管，软管与试管针组件固定连接。
一种输液针，包括如上所述的保护结构，所述针座后部固定有蝶翼和软管，软管连接瓶塞穿刺器、流量调节器和滴管。
一种针装置的保护方法，采用如上所述的保护结构，遮蔽针尖时实施下述步骤：按住保护壳，向后抽拉针管，直至针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳内。
 有益效果
本发明由于采用了以上的技术方案，在保护壳收入遮蔽针管时使得针管产生了弹性形变，这样针管就必须再次产生弯曲形变才能从保护壳中露出来，而针管是被收纳在保护壳中的，外力无法直接作用在针管上，也就不能使其产生弯曲形变，因此，保护壳对针管的穿刺尖端的保护就形成一个不可逆的锁止过程，不会锁止失效，避免了针管的穿刺尖端再次露出的风险，也避免针刺伤害和交叉感染。而且结构合理、制造组装方便和制造成本低。
 附图说明
图1是实施例1的爆炸图；
图2是实施例1的立体图（未使用时）；
图3是实施例1的立体图（使用时，取下护套管）；
图4是实施例1的结构示意图（使用时，取下护套管）；
图5是实施例1的立体图（使用后，保护壳遮蔽针尖）；
图6是实施例1的结构示意图（使用后，保护壳遮蔽针尖）；
图7是针管和针座的结构示意图之一；
图8是针管和针座的结构示意图之二；
图9是保护壳的爆炸图；
图10是实施例2的立体图；
图11是实施例2的结构示意图（使用时，取下护套管）；
图12是实施例2的结构示意图（使用后，保护壳遮蔽针尖）；
其中，1.护套管，2.针管，3.针座，31.第一导向槽，32.第二导向槽，33侧斜坡面，34.软管安装部，35.阻尼凸起，36.蝶翼安装部，37.第二导向凸起，38.前斜坡面，4.第一壳体，41.第一凹槽，42.连接柱，5.蝶翼，6.软管，7.第二壳体，71.第二凹槽，72.第一导向凸起，73.连接孔，74.阻挡部，75.第三导向槽，76.第四导向槽。
 本发明的实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
本发明为了表述方便，以针管的穿刺尖端为前，以针管的连接针座端为后，并在针管的前后方向基础上确立上下左右。
实施例1：
如图1和图2所示的一种针装置的保护结构，包括针管2，针管2固定在针座3上，针座3上套设有保护壳，针座3在保护壳中移动并具有至少两个位置状态：如图3和图4所示，针座3在第一位置状态时，针管2的穿刺尖端露出保护壳；如图5和图6所示，针座3在第二位置状态时，针管2的穿刺尖端收入保护壳内；针管2的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳时，针管2产生弹性弯曲形变。这样，针管必须再次产生弯曲形变才能从保护壳中露出来，而针管是被收纳在保护壳中的，外力无法直接作用在针管上，也就不能使其产生弯曲形变，因此，保护壳对针管的穿刺尖端的保护就形成一个不可逆的锁止过程，不会锁止失效，避免了针管的穿刺尖端再次露出的风险。
在优选的实施方式中，所述针管2的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管2保持弹性弯曲形变。这样，针管弹性形变的应力可以将保护壳和针管进行牢固配合固定，并且针管的穿刺尖端比较锋利会刺入保护壳内壁从而封闭针孔，使得两者的固定更加稳定，不仅避免了针管晃动易导致针管内残留液体流出污染环境，而且进一步彻底避免了针管从保护壳中再次露出的风险。
上述弹性弯曲形变是指针管在受外力作用时产生弯曲，当外力撤消后，针管又恢复原状。上述弹性弯曲形变包括针管整体产生弹性弯曲形变，也包括针管的一部分或局部产生弹性弯曲形变，尤其是指针管露出针座的部分产生弹性弯曲形变。
在优选的实施方式中，所述针管2的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管2的穿刺尖端前方被阻挡件阻挡无法露出保护壳，该阻挡件与保护壳固定连接或一体成型。这样，阻挡件使得针管必须产生较大程度的弯曲形变，进一步避免了针管从保护壳中再次露出的风险，也避免了暴力顶推保护壳导致针管的穿刺尖端再次露出的可能性，阻挡件还可以供针管的穿刺尖端刺入保护壳内壁从而封闭针孔，避免了针管晃动易导致针管内残留液体流出污染环境的风险。因此，进一步优选的实施方式是，保护壳及其阻挡件采用塑料制成，如硬质塑料或半硬质塑料，在保证保护壳一定强度的基础上，也便于针管的穿刺尖端刺入较小深度并封闭针孔。
本实施例中，所述针座3和保护壳之间具有至少两个滑动路径：针座3在第一滑动路径时，针座3沿针管2轴向前后滑动；针座3在第二滑动路径时，针座3的前部与保护壳的后部滑动配合；其中，第一滑动路径的长度大于第二滑动路径的长度，第一滑动路径位于第二滑动路径的前方并且两者过渡衔接，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径形成钝角夹角。这样，针座和保护壳两者之间的相对运动并非始终沿着一个方向运动，有两个滑动方向（两种配合状态），一个是在针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳之前，另一个是在针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳时及之后；针管的穿刺尖端收入保护壳的那一刻，两者改变了相对运动方向，运动方向的改变，使针管落到（藏到）保护壳中并被锁定，在这个过程中，针管也参与了运动，针管与保护壳（或其他零部件，如阻挡件）产生挤压，比如说弯曲、回弹、旋转等变形方式，针管的这种弹性变形，形成了针管锁定的不可逆过程。相对于现有技术中采用卡扣结构或者卡合结构，这样的不可逆锁定过程不仅更加稳定不会失效，而且仅涉及滑动方向改变，不需要设置专门的卡扣部件等，降低了制造精度要求和制造成本，也方便组装。
优选的实施方式中，所述保护壳包括固定连接为一体的第一壳体4和第二壳体7，第一壳体4和第二壳体7上下配合固定或者左右配合固定。这样，结构合理方便装配。两个壳体之间可以通过粘接、焊接、卡扣、紧固件等方式固定连接，为了方便制造，两个壳体也可以一侧铰接另一侧固接。
本实施例中，如图9所示，用于接触患者皮肤的第二壳体7的长度大于第一壳体4的长度，第二壳体7超出第一壳体4的前部设有用于阻挡针管2的穿刺尖端的阻挡部74，第二壳体7超出第一壳体4的后部与针座3滑动配合。所述第一壳体4上设有前后贯通的第一凹槽41，第二壳体7上设有向后贯通的第二凹槽71，第一凹槽41和第二凹槽71上下配合形成容纳针座3的活动空间。这样，前述阻挡件与保护壳一体成型形成阻挡部，两个壳体之间形成导向凹槽以供针座滑动，结构合理制造方便成本低，并且穿刺时接触患者皮肤的下壳体（第二壳体）更大更长，以避免误夹皮肤，也便于医护观察。
本实施例中，如图7、图8和图9所示，所述第二壳体7后部的左右两侧壁上相对设置有至少一对第一导向凸起72，所述针座3的左右两侧壁上分别设有与所述第一导向凸起72滑动配合的第一导向槽31（对应第二滑动路径）和第二导向槽32（对应第一滑动路径），第一导向槽31的前端阻断，第一导向槽31的后端与第二导向槽32的前端连通，第二导向槽32的后端贯通，第一导向槽31与针管2的轴线呈2～15°夹角。这样，在针座上设置导向滑槽，在下壳体上设置导向凸起，结构合理、节省材料。
上述第一导向凸起可以是各种形状的，例如柱状、长条状、块状、半球形、弧形等。此外，针座和保护壳之间的相对移动，采用滑动配合方式有多种结构形式，例如凸筋与凹槽配合、燕尾槽配合、U型槽配合等等，采用滚动配合方式也有多种结构形式，例如借助滑轮、滚轮、滚轴等等，还包括磁浮等多种运动形式。
上述第二导向槽的滑动导向作用也可以由保护壳容纳针座滑动的导向凹槽来实现（及第二导向槽和导向凹槽均可以实现第一滑动路径），根据导向凹槽的长度，可以适当缩短第二导向槽的长度，只要确保针座不会从保护壳中脱出并可以实现第一导向凸起与第一导向槽的滑动配合即可，甚至可以仅保留极短的第二导向槽作为第一导向槽的导向入口。
优选的实施方式中，所述第二壳体7后部的左右两侧壁上相对设置有一前一后两对第一导向凸起72。这样，采用两对第一导向凸起不仅可以准确控制滑动方向，而且也便于第一导向槽和第二导向槽之间的过渡衔接滑动。这里进一步优选的实施方式是两对第一导向凸起为圆柱状。
本实施例中，如图8所示，所述针座3的长度与第二壳体7上第二凹槽71的长度相匹配，针座3后部的左右两侧底面分别形成有侧斜坡面33，该侧斜坡面33与第二壳体7后部的第一导向凸起72相对应以便于第一导向凸起72装入第二导向槽32内，针座3前部底面为前斜坡面38以便于针座与保护壳倾斜滑动配合并在保护锁止时形成一定的夹角。
本实施例中，所述保护壳和针座3之间设有阻尼凸起35或定位凸起，该阻尼凸起35或定位凸起设在保护壳或者针座3上。这样，通过阻尼凸起增加针座与保护壳之间的滑动阻力，或者通过定位凸起实施针座与保护壳之间配合定位，以实现针装置在使用前的锁止定位，避免针尖缩回。在其他实施方式中，也可以通过卡凸件、卡槽、弹性阻尼件、定位销等结构实施初始定位或锁止。
具有上述保护结构的针装置，可以是静脉采血针、静脉输液针或者注射针等任何具有针管的穿刺类器械，可用于血管、肌肉、内腔、体液等的注射或抽取，可大幅减少人员受针尖的误伤所带来的疾病感染等伤害。
具有上述保护结构的针装置的保护方法，以静脉采血针为例，使用完毕后，按压保护壳，将针座向后抽拉，针座沿第一滑动路径向后移动，使得针管的穿刺尖端离开人体皮肤；当针座移动至第一滑动路径时，保护壳和针座发生旋转运动，表现为针管前端下压后端上翘，保护壳与针管持续相互挤压，针管产生弹性弯曲形变，随着针座继续运动，针管跨过阻挡部74落入保护壳内，此过程在不借助外力的基础上，滑动不可逆，针管的穿刺尖端被锁定到保护壳内，如图5、图6所示，防止针尖伤害人或物。
实施例2：
如图10至图12所示的一种针装置的保护结构，与实施例1不同仅在于：所述保护壳上设有第三导向槽75和第四导向槽76，所述针座3上设有相匹配的前后两对第二导向凸起37，第三导向槽75（对应第一滑动路径）的前端阻断，第三导向槽75的后端与第四导向槽76的前端连通，第四导向槽76的后端阻断，保护壳由长度相同的第一壳体4和第二壳体7固接组合而成。其他与实施例1相同。
实施例3：
一种采血针，具有如实施例1或2所述的保护结构，如图1、图2所示，所述针座3上固定有蝶翼5，蝶翼5固定在针座3后部的蝶翼安装部36上，所述针座3与软管6固定连接，软管6的前端安装在针座3后端的软管安装部34上，软管6的后端与试管针组件（直针，未画出）固定连接，未使用时，所述针管2上套设有护套管1。
实施例4：
一种输液针，具有如实施例1或2所述的保护结构，如图1、图2所示，所述针座3上固定有蝶翼5，蝶翼5固定在针座3后部的蝶翼安装部36上，所述针座3与软管6固定连接，软管6的前端安装在针座3后端的软管安装部34上，软管6连接输液器（至少包括瓶塞穿刺器、流量调节器和滴管，还可以包括药液过滤器、空气过滤器等，未画出），未使用时，所述针管2上套设有护套管1。
本发明说明书、权利要求书和附图中所描述的所有特征，无论单独还是它们的任意组合，都是本发明的重要特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“一种实施方式”、“具体实施方式”、“其他实施方式”、 “示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例、实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，上述描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点也可以在任何的一个或多个实施例、实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。本发明记载的技术方案也包括上述描述的任意一个或多个具体特征、结构、材料或者特点以单独或者组合的方式形成的技术方案。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换、变型、删除部分特征、增加特征或重新进行特征组合形成的技术方案，凡是依据本发明的创新原理对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种针装置的保护结构，包括针管（2），针管（2）固定在针座（3）上，针座（3）上套设有保护壳，针座（3）在保护壳中移动，其特征在于，所述针座（3）和保护壳之间具有至少两个移动路径：第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径，两者前后过渡衔接，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径形成钝角夹角；针座（3）在第一滑动路径时，针座（3）沿针管（2）轴向前后滑动；针座（3）在第二滑动路径时，针座（3）的前部与保护壳的后部滑动配合，针管（2）产生弹性弯曲形变。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述针管（2）的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管（2）的穿刺尖端前方被阻挡件阻挡无法露出保护壳，该阻挡件与保护壳固定连接或一体成型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述保护壳包括固定连接为一体的第一壳体（4）和第二壳体（7），第一壳体（4）和第二壳体（7）上下配合固定或者左右配合固定。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，用于接触患者皮肤的第二壳体（7）的长度大于第一壳体（4）的长度，第二壳体（7）超出第一壳体（4）的前部设有用于阻挡针管（2）的穿刺尖端的阻挡部（74），第二壳体（7）超出第一壳体（4）的后部与针座（3）滑动配合。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述第二壳体（7）后部的左右两侧壁上相对设置有一前一后两对第一导向凸起（72），所述针座（3）的左右两侧壁上分别设有与所述第一导向凸起（72）滑动配合的第一导向槽（31）和第二导向槽（32），第一导向槽（31）的前端阻断，第一导向槽（31）的后端与第二导向槽（32）的前端连通，第二导向槽（32）的后端贯通，第一导向槽（31）与针管（2）的轴线呈2～15°夹角。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述针座（3）的长度与第二壳体（7）上第二凹槽（71）的长度相匹配，针座（3）后部的左右两侧底面分别形成有侧斜坡面（33），该侧斜坡面（33）与第二壳体（7）后部的第一导向凸起（72）相对应以便于第一导向凸起（72）装入第二导向槽（32）内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述保护壳和针座（3）之间设有阻尼凸起（35）或定位凸起，该阻尼凸起（35）或定位凸起设在保护壳或者针座（3）上。
  8. 一种针装置的保护结构，包括针管（2），针管（2）固定在针座（3）上，针座（3）上套设有保护壳，针座（3）在保护壳中移动并具有至少两个位置状态：针座（3）在第一位置状态时，针管（2）的穿刺尖端露出保护壳，针座（3）在第二位置状态时，针管（2）的穿刺尖端收入保护壳内；其特征在于，针管（2）的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳时，针管（2）产生弹性弯曲形变。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述针管（2）的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管（2）保持弹性弯曲形变。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述针管（2）的穿刺尖端在被收入保护壳内后，针管（2）的穿刺尖端前方被阻挡件阻挡无法露出保护壳，该阻挡件与保护壳固定连接或一体成型。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述针座（3）和保护壳之间具有至少两个滑动路径：针座（3）在第一滑动路径时，针座（3）沿针管（2）轴向前后滑动；针座（3）在第二滑动路径时，针座（3）的前部与保护壳的后部滑动配合；其中，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径前后过渡衔接，第一滑动路径和第二滑动路径形成钝角夹角。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述保护壳包括固定连接为一体的第一壳体（4）和第二壳体（7），第一壳体（4）和第二壳体（7）上下配合固定或者左右配合固定；所述第一壳体（4）和第二壳体（7）之间形成容纳针座（3）的活动空间；用于接触患者皮肤的第二壳体（7）的长度大于第一壳体（4）的长度，第二壳体（7）超出第一壳体（4）的前部设有用于阻挡针管（2）的穿刺尖端的阻挡部（74），第二壳体（7）超出第一壳体（4）的后部与针座（3）滑动配合。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述第二壳体（7）后部的左右两侧壁上相对设置有至少一对第一导向凸起（72），所述针座（3）的左右两侧壁上分别设有与所述第一导向凸起（72）滑动配合的第一导向槽（31）和第二导向槽（32），第一导向槽（31）的前端阻断，第一导向槽（31）的后端与第二导向槽（32）的前端连通，第二导向槽（32）的后端贯通，第一导向槽（31）与针管（2）的轴线呈2～15°夹角。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的一种针装置的保护结构，其特征在于，所述保护壳和针座（3）之间设有阻尼凸起（35）或定位凸起，该阻尼凸起（35）或定位凸起设在保护壳或者针座（3）上。
  15. 一种针装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的保护结构，所述针座（3）后部固定有蝶翼（5）或软管（6）或者试管针组件或者注射针筒。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的一种针装置，其特征在于，所述软管（6）与试管针组件固定连接，或者软管（6）与肝素帽固定连接，或者软管（6）与输液器固定连接，或者软管（6）与注射针筒固定连接。
  17. 一种静脉采血针，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的保护结构，所述针座（3）后部固定有蝶翼（5）和软管（6），软管（6）与试管针组件固定连接。
  18. 一种输液针，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的保护结构，所述针座（3）后部固定有蝶翼（5）和软管（6），软管（6）连接瓶塞穿刺器、流量调节器和滴管。
  19. 一种针装置的保护方法，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的保护结构，遮蔽针尖时实施下述步骤：按住保护壳，向后抽拉针管（2），直至针管（2）的穿刺尖端收入保护壳内。
PCT/CN2020/097976 2020-05-07 2020-06-24 针装置、静脉采血针、输液针及其保护结构和保护方法 WO2021223306A1 (zh)

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US5772638A (en) * 1996-09-17 1998-06-30 Medisystems Technology Corporation Protector for needle
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CN2453930Y (zh) * 2000-11-24 2001-10-17 张健生 输液针安全装置
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