WO2021223118A1 - Antenne, réseau d'antennes et appareil de communication - Google Patents

Antenne, réseau d'antennes et appareil de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021223118A1
WO2021223118A1 PCT/CN2020/088828 CN2020088828W WO2021223118A1 WO 2021223118 A1 WO2021223118 A1 WO 2021223118A1 CN 2020088828 W CN2020088828 W CN 2020088828W WO 2021223118 A1 WO2021223118 A1 WO 2021223118A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
spiral
arm
arms
array
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/088828
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘祥龙
张关喜
尚鹏
金黄平
沈龙
唐朝阳
张碧军
陈大庚
毕晓艳
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/088828 priority Critical patent/WO2021223118A1/fr
Priority to CN202080100328.4A priority patent/CN115461934A/zh
Publication of WO2021223118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021223118A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically, to antennas, antenna arrays, and communication devices.
  • a dual-polarized antenna unit can provide degrees of freedom over two antenna ports. If antenna ports are to be added, antenna elements need to be added, and the dimensions of the antenna array need to be increased. However, because the distance between the antenna units is limited by the operating frequency, the size of the antenna panel increases accordingly. This is not conducive to the deployment of communication equipment (such as base stations).
  • the present application provides an antenna, an antenna array, and a communication device, in order to construct more degrees of freedom and antenna ports under a limited antenna panel size.
  • an antenna which includes: a plurality of feed points independent of each other; a plurality of spiral arms corresponding to the plurality of feed points one-to-one; each of the plurality of spiral arms The spiral arm is connected to a corresponding feeding point.
  • the multiple spiral arms connected to the multiple feeding points can work independently based on the feeding from the feeding points. That is, one spiral arm connected to each feed point can realize single-port operation. In other words, a spiral arm connected to each feed point can provide a degree of freedom of the port.
  • the plurality of spiral arms may provide the degrees of freedom of the plurality of ports based on the feeding from the plurality of feeding points, respectively. This helps to improve system throughput.
  • each spiral arm of the plurality of spiral arms and its corresponding feed point are connected by an open-circuit branch structure.
  • the open branch structure can improve the matching of the antenna and broaden the antenna bandwidth.
  • the length L of the open-circuit branch structure in at least one dimension satisfies: L ⁇ /4, and ⁇ is the working wavelength.
  • each spiral arm of the plurality of spiral arms is coupled with a parasitic patch.
  • the matching of the antenna can be improved and the antenna bandwidth can be broadened.
  • the antenna further includes an antenna support, the antenna support is arranged on the antenna panel, the spiral arm surrounds the outer wall of the antenna support, and the parasitic patch is arranged on the antenna support The position on the inner wall corresponding to the end of the corresponding spiral arm.
  • the end of the spiral arm is indirectly coupled with the parasitic patch.
  • the parasitic patch is a capacitive parasitic patch.
  • the spiral arm and the parasitic patch can be based on capacitive coupling.
  • the distance w between every two adjacent spiral arms of the plurality of spiral arms satisfies: w ⁇ /10, and ⁇ is the working wavelength.
  • the coupling between the spiral arms can be increased, thereby improving the matching of the antenna and broadening the antenna bandwidth.
  • the width of each spiral arm of the plurality of spiral arms at a position close to the connected feeding point is greater than a width at a position far away from the feeding point.
  • the matching condition of the antenna can be improved and the antenna bandwidth can be broadened.
  • the spiral arm is a sheet-like stepped spiral arm.
  • the number of turns N of each spiral arm in the plurality of spiral arms satisfies: 0.5 ⁇ N ⁇ 2.
  • the height of the spiral arm can be limited, and the beam width of the antenna can be made to meet the requirements of cellular communication.
  • the number N of turns of each spiral arm in the plurality of spiral arms is 0.75.
  • the number of turns N described here is 0.75, which may allow a certain error range. In other words, the number of turns N of each spiral arm is about 0.75. Alternatively, the number of turns N of each spiral arm is approximately 0.75.
  • the spiral diameter d of each spiral arm of the plurality of spiral arms satisfies: 0.18 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ , and ⁇ is the working wavelength.
  • the projected area of the antenna on the antenna panel can be limited, which means that the area occupied by the antenna on the antenna panel may be smaller.
  • the normal radiation of the antenna can also be realized to meet the needs of cellular communication.
  • the dimensions of the multiple spiral arms are the same.
  • the aforementioned multiple spiral arms may have the same length, the same spiral diameter, and the same number of turns.
  • the multiple feeding points are four feeding points
  • the multiple spiral arms are four feeding points corresponding to the four feeding points one-to-one. Spiral arms.
  • the antenna can provide four ports of freedom.
  • an antenna array is provided, and the antenna array includes the antenna described in any one of the implementation manners in the first aspect.
  • an antenna in a third aspect, includes: a plurality of feeding points independent of each other; a plurality of L-shaped arms corresponding to the plurality of feeding points one-to-one, and Each L-shaped arm is connected to one of the multiple feeding points.
  • the multiple L-shaped arms connected to the multiple feeding points can work independently based on the feeding from the feeding points. That is, one L-shaped arm connected to each feed point can realize single-port operation. In other words, an L-shaped arm connected to each feed point can provide a degree of freedom of the port.
  • the plurality of L-shaped arms may provide degrees of freedom of the plurality of ports based on the feeding from the plurality of feeding points, respectively. This helps to improve system throughput.
  • each of the plurality of L-shaped arms includes a first arm and a second arm, and the first arm and the The second arm crosses the feeding end to form an L shape; wherein the feeding end is connected to the corresponding feeding point.
  • each of the plurality of L-shaped arms is parallel to the antenna panel.
  • Designing the L-shaped arm to be parallel to the antenna panel can reduce the height of the antenna.
  • the first arm of each L-shaped arm includes a first part parallel to the antenna panel and a second part perpendicular to the antenna panel, and each L-shaped arm The second arm of the arm includes a third part parallel to the antenna panel and a fourth part perpendicular to the antenna panel.
  • the two arms of the L-shaped arm are further improved, so that a part of them is bent toward the antenna panel, which can further reduce the projected area of the antenna on the antenna panel, that is, reduce the antenna's occupation of the antenna panel The area is conducive to obtaining a smaller size antenna structure.
  • the heights of the plurality of L-shaped arms relative to the antenna panel are the same.
  • the plurality of L-shaped arms are arranged in a staggered spiral around the center of the antenna.
  • the structure of the antenna can be made compact, which is beneficial to obtain a smaller-sized antenna structure.
  • the staggered spiral arrangement of multiple L-shaped arms can correct the antenna pattern and improve the isolation between ports.
  • the size specifications of the plurality of L-shaped arms are the same.
  • the plurality of L-shaped arms may have the same length of the first arm, the same length of the second arm, the same height, and so on.
  • the plurality of feeding points are four feeding points, and the plurality of L-shaped arms are in one-to-one correspondence with the four feeding points Four L-shaped arms.
  • an antenna array is provided, and the antenna array includes the antenna in any implementation manner of the third aspect.
  • a communication device is provided, and the communication device is deployed with an antenna as in any implementation manner in the first aspect, or as an antenna in any implementation manner in the third aspect.
  • the communication device is deployed with the antenna array as described in the second aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • the communication device is a base station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario suitable for an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIGS. 2 to 7 are schematic diagrams of antennas provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding relationship between the spiral arm and the radio frequency channel in the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • 9 to 19 are schematic diagrams of antenna arrays provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • 22 to 32 are schematic diagrams of antenna arrays provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Antenna port It can also be abbreviated as a port.
  • the port can be understood as an independent transceiver unit (transceiver unit, TxRU).
  • An antenna unit can provide one or more degrees of freedom for antenna ports.
  • an antenna unit may include one or more antenna elements, and each antenna element corresponds to an independent radio frequency channel (RF channel), which is driven by the corresponding radio frequency channel.
  • RF channel radio frequency channel
  • an antenna unit may also include one or more groups of antenna elements, each group of antenna elements includes multiple antenna elements, and each group of antenna elements may correspond to a radio frequency channel and be driven by the corresponding radio frequency channel.
  • Multiple antenna elements can form an antenna system in the form of an array.
  • the antenna system may be called an antenna array, or an antenna array.
  • Antenna vibrator abbreviation, vibrator. It is the radiating unit that constitutes the antenna, which has the function of guiding and amplifying electromagnetic waves.
  • Feeding power supply. In the field of antennas, power feeding can be directed to the antenna to supply power, or in other words, to provide energy.
  • Working wavelength ⁇ It is inversely proportional to the working frequency f.
  • the working wavelength ⁇ (unit: meter) can be the reciprocal of the working frequency f (unit: megahertz (MHz)).
  • Antenna bandwidth used to describe the range of frequencies that the antenna can correctly radiate or receive energy.
  • Beam width The angle between the two half-power points of the beam.
  • the difference in reception phase corresponding to the two antenna elements can be used to identify the direction of arrival.
  • the change trend of the receiving phase difference with the radiation angle (that is, the slope of the phase pattern difference) reflects the minimum interval of the spatial position that the antenna array can distinguish, that is, reflects the spatial resolution of the antenna array.
  • the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction and the maximum slope of the phase pattern difference between any two ports in the horizontal direction (usually the phase direction of the leftmost column of antenna elements and the rightmost column of antenna elements)
  • the slope of the difference in the figure is related;
  • the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the vertical direction is the maximum slope of the phase pattern difference between any two ports in the vertical direction (usually the top row of antenna elements and the bottom row of antennas).
  • the slope of the difference of the phase pattern of the unit) is related.
  • FIG. 1 shows several possible schematic architecture diagrams of a base station applicable to the antenna unit provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 1 shows the evolution of the base station architecture according to several architectures shown in the order from a) to c).
  • the architecture of the base station can be a macro base station + antenna architecture, as shown in Figure 1 a); it can also be a separate base station + antenna architecture, as shown in Figure 1 b); Or, it may also be an active antenna unit (AAU) + base band unit (BBU) architecture, as shown in c) in Figure 1.
  • AAU active antenna unit
  • BBU base band unit
  • the base station may include an antenna, a baseband unit (BBU), and a remote radio unit (RRU).
  • the BBU can be connected to the RRU through a common public radio interface (CPRI) or enhanced CPRI (enhance CPRI, eCPRI), and the RRU can be connected to an antenna through a feeder.
  • CPRI common public radio interface
  • eCPRI enhanced CPRI
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 1 may be a passive antenna, which is separate from the RRU and can be connected by a cable.
  • the BBU mainly completes the processing of baseband signals, such as channel encoding and decoding, modulation and demodulation, and so on.
  • a BBU can include multiple baseband boards.
  • RRU mainly completes the functions of signal intermediate frequency processing, radio frequency processing, and duplexing.
  • the intermediate frequency processing includes functions such as up-conversion, down-conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, and analog-to-digital conversion.
  • the radio frequency processing includes the power amplification function of the received and received radio frequency signals.
  • the RRU may not include intermediate frequency processing functions, such as a zero-IF system.
  • the architecture of the base station shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • the base station may include an active antenna system (AAS), and the antenna of the AAS and the radio frequency module are integrated.
  • AAS active antenna system
  • the base station may also include a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU).
  • DU can be used to realize the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals, the conversion of radio frequency signals and baseband signals, and part of the baseband processing.
  • the CU can be used for baseband processing, control of the base station, and so on.
  • the DU may include at least one antenna. At least one antenna in the DU may adopt, for example, the antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the CU and DU may be physically set together or physically separated, which is not limited in this application.
  • the architecture of the base station may refer to various possible base station architectures in the prior art. For the sake of brevity, I will not list them all here.
  • the above-mentioned antenna may specifically include a radiating unit (that is, an antenna element, a vibrator, etc.), a reflector (or bottom plate), and a power distribution network (or, Feeder network) and radome.
  • a radiating unit that is, an antenna element, a vibrator, etc.
  • a reflector or bottom plate
  • a power distribution network or, Feeder network
  • a dual-polarized antenna can provide the freedom of two ports. Compared with a single-polarized antenna, it can increase the degree of freedom of polarization and increase the capacity of spatial multiplexing while maintaining the same area. The number is doubled, which increases the throughput of the system.
  • the antenna's spatial resolution can be maximized through the design of the antenna.
  • the spacing of the antenna elements is set to half the wavelength of the operating frequency point. This is because the spatial resolution of the antenna array at this time is excellent, and the sidelobe suppression capability is strong.
  • the dimensions of the antenna array increase, the number of antenna elements increases, the area of the antenna array also increases, and the antenna panel also increases, which is not conducive to the deployment of communication devices.
  • the distance between two adjacent dual-polarized antennas is 0.5 wavelength. If the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 8, that is, 8 rows and 8 columns, the antenna array The total antenna spacing is about 3.5 (0.5 ⁇ 7) wavelengths. Considering the area of the antenna itself, the width of the antenna array is about 4 wavelengths. In the frequency band with a center frequency of 1.8 gigahertz (GHz), the width of the corresponding antenna array is about 667 millimeters (mm), which greatly exceeds the conventional size of the antenna panel. If the dimension of the antenna array is further increased, for example, the number of rows and/or the number of columns is increased, the size of the corresponding antenna array will be further increased. This may lead to an increase in the size of the communication equipment, which is not conducive to deployment.
  • the present application provides an antenna. Compared with a dual-polarized antenna, the antenna can provide more freedom of ports, and multiple ports can be independent of each other. Therefore, more ports can be deployed in a limited antenna panel area to improve system throughput without affecting the antenna's spatial resolution.
  • FIGS. 9 to 19 are antenna arrays including the antenna 200 shown in any one of FIGS. 2 to 7.
  • FIGS. 22 to 32 are antenna arrays including the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 20 or FIG. 21. It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 and the antenna 300 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 can be used as an independent antenna unit, or as a part of the antenna unit, and one or more of the same structure.
  • the antenna 200 or the antenna 300 constitute an antenna unit, which is not limited in this application.
  • orientations such as “up” and “down” are introduced.
  • the feed end is at the bottom and the end is at the top.
  • the antenna can be arranged above the antenna panel, and the antenna panel can be positioned below the antenna. It should be understood that this is only introduced for the convenience of description, and does not constitute any limitation to the application. For example, if the antenna is turned over by 180°, the feed end will be on the top and the end will be on the top.
  • the antenna panel is located above the antenna, and the antenna is located below the antenna panel.
  • the antenna panel may be tilted, turned or rotated, and the orientation of the antenna array may change, but this will not affect the relative positional relationship between the antenna elements in the antenna array.
  • “left” and “right” are opposite, corresponding to columns; “up” and “down” are opposite, corresponding to rows.
  • “left” and “right” can be exchanged for “up” and “down”
  • “column” can be exchanged for "row”;
  • up” and “down” can be exchanged Is swapped for "left” and “right”
  • “row” can be swapped for "column”.
  • the antenna array is rotated 180° with the center as the axis, “left” and “right” can be reversed, and “up” and “down” can be reversed.
  • FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 are schematic diagrams of an antenna 200 provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • 9 to 19 are antenna arrays including the antenna 200. As shown in FIG.
  • the antenna 200 including four feed points and four elements is taken as an example below to describe the antenna 200 in detail, but it should be understood that this should not constitute any limitation to the present application.
  • the antenna 200 may also include more or fewer feeding points, which are connected with more or fewer elements, so as to achieve more or fewer degrees of freedom of ports.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 2 includes four vibrators, and each vibrator is a spiral arm, or in other words, each spiral arm is a vibrator.
  • Each spiral arm can correspond to an independent radio frequency channel.
  • the antenna 200 includes four independent feeding points 211-214, and four spiral arms 221-224 corresponding to the four feeding points one-to-one.
  • each spiral arm can be connected to a feed point.
  • the spiral arm 221 is connected to the feeding point 211
  • the spiral arm 222 is connected to the feeding point 212
  • the spiral arm 223 is connected to the feeding point 213, and the spiral arm 224 is connected to the feeding point 214.
  • Each feed point can provide energy for the connected spiral arm.
  • the four spiral arms connected to the four feeding points can work independently based on the feeding from the feeding points. That is, one spiral arm connected to each feed point can realize single-port operation. In other words, a spiral arm connected to each feed point can provide a degree of freedom of the port. The four spiral arms can provide the freedom of four ports based on the feed from the four feed points, respectively.
  • the antenna can be called a quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA).
  • QHA quadrifilar helix antenna
  • the QHA can provide the freedom of four ports, and realize the independent operation of the four ports, which is different from the working mode of the four-port combined power feeding in the traditional QHA.
  • the QHA provided in the embodiments of the present application can provide more ports and degrees of freedom within the same antenna area.
  • the QHA provided in the embodiments of the present application can still meet the requirements for antenna structure parameters in the traditional QHA.
  • Lax is the axial length of the spiral
  • Lele is the length of the spiral arm
  • r 0 is the radius of the spiral
  • N is the number of turns of the spiral.
  • the material of the spiral arm is metal, or it can also be obtained by attaching copper to a printed circuit board (PCB) or metal plating on the outer surface of the plastic.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the shape of the spiral arm shown in the figure is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to the application.
  • the spiral arm can have different shapes such as a sheet or a tube. This application includes but is not limited to this.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of an antenna 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, the antenna 200 can be deployed on an antenna panel 230 (or called a reflector).
  • the antenna panel 230 may be, for example, a metal plate or a PCB plated with metal.
  • the above four feed points 211-214 can be arranged on the antenna panel 230, and one end of each of the four spiral arms 221-224 can be connected to one of the four spiral arms 221-224.
  • the feed points are electrically connected, or in other words, one end of each spiral arm is directly coupled with a feed point.
  • each feed point is electrically connected to the spiral arm.
  • the feeding point and the spiral arm can be connected by a feeder; or, the feeding point can also be designed on the antenna panel, and one end of the spiral arm can be welded to the feeding point on the antenna panel to achieve electrical connection
  • the feed point can also be designed on the antenna panel, and the spiral arm can be assembled on the antenna panel to contact the feed point to achieve electrical connection. This application does not limit this.
  • the one end of each spiral arm that is electrically connected to the feeding point is recorded as the feeding end, and the other end is recorded as the end.
  • the feeding end and the end are only named for the convenience of distinguishing the two ends of the spiral arm, and should not constitute any limitation in this application.
  • one end may be denoted as the first end, and the other end may be denoted as the second end.
  • Each of the four spiral arms 221-224 can take a center as the axis, from near to far, for example, when viewed from the feeding end to the end, the spiral arm rotates in a clockwise direction, or, Rotate counterclockwise.
  • the four spiral arms 221-224 can all rotate in a clockwise direction from near to far, or rotate in a counterclockwise direction with the same center as the axis.
  • the common center of the four spiral arms is referred to as the central axis.
  • the spiral directions of the four spiral arms 221-224 may be the same.
  • the four spiral arms 221-224 when viewed from the feeding end to the end, can all be rotated in a clockwise direction, or all can be rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as shown in FIG. 2. This application does not limit this.
  • the spiral directions of the four spiral arms 221-224 may be different.
  • the spiral arms 221 and 223 can be rotated in a clockwise direction
  • the spiral arms 222 and 224 can be rotated in a counterclockwise direction
  • the spiral arms 221 and 223 can be rotated in a counterclockwise direction.
  • the spiral arms 222 and 224 can rotate in a clockwise direction.
  • the four spiral arms can evenly surround the above-mentioned central axis.
  • the sections of the four spiral arms are taken along the direction perpendicular to the central axis, it can be seen that on the same plane, the sections of the four spiral arms are evenly distributed around the points corresponding to the central axis. If the cross sections of the four spiral arms are connected end to end, a circle can be obtained, and the center of the circle can be the aforementioned central axis. The diameter of the circle may be the spiral diameter d of the spiral arm.
  • the feeding ends of the four spiral arms 221-224 are evenly distributed around the central axis. As shown in the picture.
  • the four feeding ends may be located on a circle with the spiral diameter d of the spiral arm as the diameter, and the phase difference between two adjacent feeding ends is ⁇ /2.
  • the four feeding points 211-214 are also evenly distributed around the central axis, and are electrically connected to the four feeding terminals.
  • the antenna unit 200 may further include an antenna support 240.
  • the antenna support 240 can be arranged on the antenna panel 230.
  • the antenna panel 230 and the antenna support 240 are both PCBs.
  • the antenna panel 230 and the antenna support 240 may be integrally designed; or, the antenna panel 230 and the antenna support 240 may also be independent of each other, and the antenna support 240 may be connected to the antenna panel 230 by assembly or welding. This application does not limit this.
  • the four spiral arms 221-224 may surround the outer wall of the antenna support body 240. As shown in the figure, the four spiral arms 221-224 spirally rise around the outer wall of the antenna support 240.
  • the four feeding terminals are connected to the four feeding points on the antenna panel 230. The four ends terminate at the outer wall of the antenna support body 230.
  • the four feeding points 211-214 may also be designed on the antenna supporting body 240, and the four feeding ends are electrically connected to the four feeding points 211-214 on the antenna supporting body 240.
  • the four ends may also be terminated on the upper surface of the antenna support body 240. This application does not limit this.
  • the antenna support 240 is cylindrical. In another possible design, the antenna support 240 has a conical shape.
  • the projection size of the antenna 200 on the antenna panel is smaller than the projection size of the dual-polarized antenna on the antenna panel. This means that the area occupied by the antenna 200 on the antenna panel may be smaller.
  • the antenna 200 can also provide more degrees of freedom of ports, and realize more ports to work independently. Therefore, in the case of a certain antenna panel area, compared to a dual-polarized antenna, it can provide more ports and degrees of freedom. This helps to improve system throughput.
  • the power transmitted from the transmitter to the antenna or to the receiver is maximized, and no reflected waves appear on the feeder. That is, in order to improve the matching of the antenna, this application makes The antenna 200 has been further improved.
  • each spiral arm and its corresponding feed point are connected by an open-circuit branch structure.
  • FIG. 4 shows the open branch structure 251-254 between the feeding ends and the feeding points of the four spiral arms 221-224.
  • the spiral arm is seen from the feeding end of the spiral arm 221 to the right, and the open branch structure 251 is seen from the feeding end of the spiral arm 221 to the left.
  • the open branch structure 251 is electrically connected to the feeding end of the spiral arm 221.
  • the length L of the open-circuit branch structure in at least one dimension satisfies: L ⁇ /4, and ⁇ is the working wavelength.
  • the open-circuit branch structure is expanded into a plane, an approximate rectangle can be obtained.
  • the length of the rectangle may be L, or the width of the rectangle may be L, or the diagonal length of the rectangle may be L.
  • the expanded length L of the open-circuit branch structure in the spiral direction may satisfy L ⁇ /4.
  • L may also be L ⁇ /4. It should also be understood that this application only limits the length of one dimension of the open branch structure, and does not limit the dimensions of other dimensions.
  • the impedance matching between the spiral arm and the feeder can be improved, thereby helping to broaden the antenna bandwidth.
  • each spiral arm is coupled with a parasitic patch.
  • the parasitic patch is indirectly coupled to the end of the spiral arm. It should be understood that indirect coupling is relative to direct coupling. Indirect coupling can also be referred to as space coupling. In other words, there is no direct electrical connection between the parasitic patch and the end of the spiral arm.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the ends of the four spiral arms 221-214 being coupled with the parasitic patches 261-264, respectively.
  • the ends of the four spiral arms 221-214 are located on the outer wall of the antenna support, and the parasitic patches 261-264 are located at the positions corresponding to the inner wall of the antenna support and the ends of the respective coupled spiral arms.
  • the parasitic patch and the end of the spiral arm can be based on capacitive coupling.
  • the parasitic patch is a capacitive parasitic patch.
  • the parasitic patch forms a resonance in the antenna, thereby broadening the antenna bandwidth.
  • the width of each of the spiral arms 221-224 at a position close to the connected feeding point is greater than the width at a position far away from the feeding point.
  • each spiral arm is a sheet-like stepped spiral arm. As shown in the figure, each spiral arm has a sheet shape and surrounds the outer wall of the antenna support body 240. Among them, it is wider near the feeding point and narrower away from the feeding point, forming a step in the intermediate transition area.
  • impedance matching can be better achieved, thereby broadening the antenna bandwidth.
  • the distance w between the spiral arms satisfies: w ⁇ /10.
  • the spiral arm 221 is adjacent to the spiral arm 222, the spiral arm 222 is adjacent to the spiral arm 223, the spiral arm 223 is adjacent to the spiral arm 224, and the spiral arm 224 and the spiral arm 221 are adjacent.
  • the coupling between the spiral arms can be strengthened, thereby achieving the effect of widening the antenna bandwidth.
  • FIG. 6 shows the spacing between two adjacent spiral arms.
  • FIG. 6 shows the spiral arm 221 and the adjacent spiral arm 224. The distance between the two is shown in the figure.
  • the spacing between the spiral arms may refer to the vertical distance between two adjacent spiral arms in the direction perpendicular to the antenna panel, as shown by w in FIG. 6.
  • the distance between the spiral arms can also refer to the shortest distance between two adjacent spiral arms, as shown by w'in FIG. 6. That is, a vertical line is made between two adjacent spiral arms, and the vertical distance between the two is regarded as the spacing between the spiral arms.
  • the distance w between two adjacent spiral arms may satisfy: w ⁇ /10.
  • the distance between the spiral arms is smaller, and the coupling between the spiral arms is strengthened. Thereby increasing the transmission power of the antenna, which is beneficial to broaden the antenna bandwidth.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic diagram of an antenna 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application. To facilitate understanding and clearly present the components, FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of the antenna 200.
  • the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 7 adopts an open branch structure 251-254 between the feeding end and the feeding point of each spiral arm 211-214, and the end of each spiral arm 211-214 is coupled with the parasitic patch 261-264, And the distance w between any two adjacent spiral arms satisfies: w ⁇ /10.
  • the antenna 200 provided in this application can be applied to a cellular communication network.
  • it can be applied to a base station for cellular communication.
  • the antenna 200 can be further improved.
  • the cellular communication network limits the beam width of the base station antenna to 65°, and it has a normal radiation capability.
  • the beam width and radiation direction of the base station are related to the design of the antenna.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 200 is applied to a base station, its beam width is affected by factors such as the number of spiral turns, the spiral diameter, and the spiral height.
  • the number of turns N of each of the four spiral arms satisfies: 0.5 ⁇ N ⁇ 2.
  • N is 0.75.
  • the number of turns N described here is 0.75, which may allow a certain error range. In other words, the number of turns N of each spiral arm is about 0.75. Alternatively, the number of turns N of each spiral arm is approximately 0.75.
  • the spiral diameter d of each spiral arm in the four spiral arms satisfies: 0.18 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ .
  • the height of the antenna can be limited; by limiting the spiral diameter, the projected area of the antenna on the antenna panel can be limited, which means that the antenna occupies a smaller area for the antenna panel.
  • the beam width emitted by the antenna 200 can meet the above 65° limit, and it has a normal radiation capability. It can also match the conventional size of the base station.
  • the size parameters of the four spiral arms may be the same.
  • the four spiral arms can have the same length, the same spiral diameter, the same number of turns, and so on.
  • the dimensional parameters of the four spiral arms can also be different.
  • the length of the four spiral arms can be different, the spiral diameter can be different, or the number of turns can also be different.
  • FIGS. 2 to 7 are only examples, and should not constitute any limitation to the application. Based on the QHA shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, those skilled in the art can also make equivalent substitutions or modifications to some of the structures in order to achieve the same function. These equivalent replacements or modifications should fall within the protection scope of this application.
  • antenna shown in Figures 2 to 7 can provide four ports of freedom, since each port can work independently, the antenna can also provide one port and two ports in different scenarios. Two ports or even three ports. This application does not limit this.
  • the structure of the antenna 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above in conjunction with FIG. 2 to FIG. 7. However, what is shown in the figure is only an example, and the antenna 200 may also include more or fewer spiral arms to achieve more or less port freedom. For example, two, three, six, eight, etc. This application does not limit this.
  • each spiral arm can be used as an independent antenna unit, and each spiral arm is connected to a feed point corresponding to an independent radio frequency channel.
  • the antennas shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 can also be used as a part of the antenna unit, forming one antenna unit with more antennas of the same structure.
  • each antenna may have a structure as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 7.
  • the spiral arms in the multiple antennas can be divided into four groups of spiral arms, each group of spiral arms can realize single-port independent work, and the four groups of spiral arms can provide four ports of freedom .
  • FIG. 8 shows the corresponding relationship between the spiral arm and the radio frequency channel in the antenna unit.
  • Figure 8 shows the antenna unit composed of the QHA listed above, so it can be called a QHA unit.
  • each black dot in the figure can represent a spiral arm.
  • each spiral arm in the QHA unit is driven by an independent radio frequency channel
  • the QHA unit may include four vibrators, and each vibrator is driven by an independent radio frequency channel.
  • the feed point connected to each spiral arm can correspond to a radio frequency channel.
  • each group of spiral arms in the QHA unit is driven by a radio frequency channel
  • the correspondence between each group of spiral arms in the antenna unit and the radio frequency channel can refer to b) in FIG. 8. It can be seen that each set of spiral arms in the QHA unit includes four spiral arms, and each set of spiral arms can be driven by a radio frequency channel. Each set of spiral arms can also be called a sub-array. In this case, the feed points connected to each group of spiral arms can correspond to the same radio frequency channel.
  • FIG. 8 is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to the application.
  • Each radio frequency channel can also correspond to two, three or other numbers of vibrators. This application does not limit this.
  • the corresponding relationship between the spiral arm and the radio frequency channel shown in FIG. 8 is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to the application. In the antenna arrays listed below, the corresponding relationship between the spiral arm and the radio frequency channel is not limited, nor the corresponding relationship between the port and the radio frequency channel.
  • the antenna unit is used as the granularity for description.
  • the antenna unit may be, for example, one antenna 200 as described above, or may include multiple antennas 200. This application does not limit this.
  • the present application also provides an antenna array.
  • the antenna array may include one or more QHA units.
  • FIG. 9 to 19 show several examples of antenna arrays provided by embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the antenna array shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 19 may be, for example, a complete antenna array or a part of it. This application does not limit this.
  • the antenna array may include the QHA unit described above.
  • Figure 9 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 8 columns.
  • the antenna elements in the antenna array may all be QHA elements. Therefore, the antenna array can be called a QHA array.
  • Each " ⁇ " in the figure represents a QHA unit.
  • the leftmost and rightmost antenna units are QHA units.
  • the phase pattern is generated.
  • the phase of the leftmost QHA unit and the rightmost QHA unit The slope of the difference in the pattern is larger than the slope of the difference in the phase pattern when both sides are dual-polarized antenna elements. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved.
  • the uppermost and lowermost antenna units are also QHA units. When all the ports of the array are generated under the same reference coordinate, the phase pattern is generated between the uppermost QHA unit and the rightmost QHA unit.
  • the slope of the difference is larger than the slope of the phase pattern difference when the upper and lower are dual-polarized antenna elements. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the vertical direction can be improved. In summary, the spatial resolution of the antenna array can be improved, which is conducive to improving the throughput of the system, and the gain is obvious.
  • the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns.
  • the column of the antenna may be 12 rows and 8 columns, 16 rows and 8 columns, 12 rows and 12 columns, 16 rows and 12 columns, 16 rows and 16 columns, etc. For the sake of brevity, we will not list them all here.
  • Fig. 10 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 12 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 12.
  • the antenna array may include multiple dual-polarized antenna units and multiple QHA units. That is, two antennas of different structures are mixed. Therefore, the antenna array can be called a hybrid array.
  • each " ⁇ ” represents a dual-polarized antenna unit
  • each " ⁇ ” represents a QHA unit
  • the left two columns and the right two columns of the antenna array are QHA units
  • the middle eight columns are dual-polarized antenna units.
  • the dual-polarized antenna unit is an example of a two-port antenna unit, and can also be replaced with other two-port antenna units. This application does not limit this.
  • the leftmost and rightmost antenna units are QHA units.
  • the phase pattern is generated between the leftmost QHA unit and the rightmost QHA unit.
  • the slope of the difference in the pattern is larger than the slope of the difference in the phase pattern when both sides are dual-polarized antenna elements. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the throughput of the system, and the gain is obvious.
  • the throughput of the system is related to the spatial resolution of the antenna array, so the system throughput can be improved by maximizing the spatial resolution of the antenna array.
  • the phase pattern of all ports in the antenna array can be obtained by using the same position reference point. Then, the maximum slope of the difference between the spatial resolution of the antenna array in a certain direction (such as the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) and the phase pattern of any two antenna elements in the same direction in the antenna array (that is, as the radiation The slope of the angle change) is related.
  • the maximum slope of the phase pattern difference between the four-port antenna unit compared to the two-port antenna unit is greater than the maximum slope of the phase pattern difference between the two-port antenna unit. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the four-port antenna unit is greater than that of the two-port antenna unit.
  • the angle areas of the phase radiation patterns of the ports of the two adjacent four-port antenna elements may overlap.
  • the antenna array can be referred to as a QHA array.
  • the angle area of the phase pattern of the QHA unit in the middle area of the antenna array will overlap in a large interval, so the gain brought by the QHA array is limited.
  • the antenna unit in the middle area of the antenna array is set as a two-port antenna unit, such as the dual-polarized antenna unit described above, and the antenna unit at the edge is set as a QHA unit, the gain brought by it is set to QHA.
  • the gain brought by the array is comparable. From the perspective of ports, setting the antenna unit in the middle area of the antenna array as a two-port antenna unit can reduce the number of ports, that is, reduce the antenna cost and pilot overhead. Therefore, the QHA unit and the two-port antenna unit can be mixed and arranged in the antenna array to obtain a larger gain.
  • the above-mentioned gain may specifically refer to an antenna array with the same dimensions formed by dual-polarized antenna units.
  • the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns.
  • the antenna array may have 12 rows and 12 columns, as shown in FIG. 11; the antenna array may also have 16 rows and 12 columns, as shown in FIG.
  • the drawings are not listed here.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 can also be rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to improve the spatial resolution in the vertical direction.
  • the hybrid matrix shown above in conjunction with FIGS. 10 to 12 is only an example.
  • the number of columns of QHA units and the number of columns of two-port antenna units can also be adjusted.
  • Fig. 13 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 10 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array is also a hybrid array.
  • each " ⁇ " represents a dual-polarized antenna unit
  • each " ⁇ " represents a QHA unit.
  • the left three columns and the right three columns of the antenna array are QHA units
  • the middle four columns are dual-polarized antenna units.
  • the dual-polarized antenna unit is an example of a two-port antenna unit, and can also be replaced with other two-port antenna units. This application does not limit this.
  • Fig. 14 shows an antenna array with 12 rows and 10 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 12 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array is also a hybrid array.
  • the arrangement of each row of the antenna array is the same as that shown in FIG. 13, except that the number of rows is increased.
  • Fig. 15 shows an antenna array with 16 rows and 10 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 16 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array is also a hybrid array.
  • the arrangement of each row of the antenna array is the same as that shown in FIG. 13, except that the number of rows is increased.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 13-15 are similar to the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 10-12.
  • the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved, so it is beneficial to improve the throughput of the system, and the gain is obvious.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 reference may be made to the relevant descriptions above in conjunction with FIGS. 10 to 12. For the sake of brevity, I won't repeat them here.
  • the dimensions of the antenna array shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 are only examples, and the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns. This application does not limit this. For the sake of brevity, the drawings are not listed here.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 can also be rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to improve the spatial resolution in the vertical direction.
  • the above-mentioned antenna array can be further modified.
  • Fig. 16 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 10 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array is also a hybrid array.
  • each " ⁇ " represents a dual-polarized antenna unit
  • each " ⁇ " represents a QHA unit.
  • the left five columns of the antenna array are obtained by staggered arrangement of three columns of QHA units and two columns of dual-polarized antenna units
  • the right five columns of the antenna array also consist of three columns of QHA units and two columns of dual-polarized antennas.
  • the units are arranged in staggered arrangement. Therefore, the left and right sides of the mixed array are QHA units.
  • Fig. 17 shows an antenna array with 12 rows and 10 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 12 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array is also a hybrid array.
  • the arrangement of each row of the antenna array is the same as that shown in FIG. 16, except that the number of rows is increased.
  • Fig. 18 shows an antenna array with 16 rows and 10 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 16 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array is also a hybrid array.
  • the arrangement of each row of the antenna array is the same as that shown in FIG. 16, except that the number of rows is increased.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 16 to 18 are also relatively similar to the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 10 to 12. Based on the same principle as described above, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved, which is beneficial to increase the system throughput, and the gain is obvious.
  • FIGS. 16 to 18 reference may be made to the relevant descriptions above in conjunction with FIGS. 10 to 12. For the sake of brevity, I won't repeat them here.
  • FIGS. 16 to 18 are only examples, and the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns. This application does not limit this. For the sake of brevity, the drawings are not listed here.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 16 to 18 can also be rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to improve the spatial resolution in the vertical direction.
  • Fig. 19 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 8 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 8.
  • the antenna elements in the antenna array are all QHA elements.
  • the QHA unit in the antenna array has two different radiation characteristics.
  • the radiation characteristic mentioned here may refer to the radiation characteristic formed by the antenna unit in space when the antenna unit is at a certain position in the antenna array, regardless of the possible influence of other antenna units around it. In other words, it does not consider the changes in the radiation characteristics of the space that may occur due to the influence of other antenna elements around.
  • the QHA unit in the antenna array can be divided into two parts, and the positions of the two parts of the QHA unit in the antenna array are different.
  • the figure is distinguished by " ⁇ " and " ⁇ ".
  • the azimuths of two QHA units are different, which may mean that when the centers of two QHA units with different azimuths coincide, for example, two QHAs coincide, one of the antenna units has a deflection angle relative to the other antenna unit. It is like that some of the QHA units are obtained after center rotation relative to the other part of the QHA units.
  • a part of the QHA unit with the same orientation may be marked as the first QHA unit, and the other part of the QHA unit with a deflection angle relative to the first QHA unit may be marked as the second QHA unit. It can be understood that the second QHA unit may also include multiple QHA units with the same orientation.
  • the spatial phase distribution may not be uniform, and there is a hollow in a certain area, and by introducing a deflection angle
  • the QHA unit (such as the second QHA unit) can make up for this part of the hollow.
  • the spatial phase distribution pattern area between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit tends to be uniform. This helps suppress side lobes, which in turn improves system performance.
  • the deflection angle is 45°.
  • the first QHA unit and the second QHA unit are alternately arranged; in each column of the antenna column, the first QHA unit and the second QHA unit are also alternately arranged.
  • the four antenna units adjacent to each first QHA unit are all second QHA units, and the four antenna units adjacent to each second QHA unit are all first QHA units. unit.
  • the spatial resolution of the antenna array is not changed. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array shown in FIG. 19 in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be improved.
  • the phase pattern of each port in the entire antenna array is evenly distributed, which is beneficial to maximize the side lobe suppression capability and improve the system performance.
  • the dimensions of the antenna array shown in FIG. 19 are only examples.
  • the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns. This application does not limit this. For the sake of brevity, the drawings are not listed here.
  • FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are schematic diagrams of an antenna 300 provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIGS. 22 to 32 are antenna arrays including the antenna 300. As shown in FIG.
  • the antenna 300 including four feed points and four elements is used as an example to describe the antenna 300 in detail, but it should be understood that this should not constitute any limitation to the present application.
  • the antenna 300 may also include more or fewer feed points, which are connected with more or fewer oscillators to achieve more or fewer degrees of freedom of ports.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an antenna 300 provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 20 includes four vibrators, and each vibrator is an L-shaped arm, or in other words, each L-shaped arm is a vibrator.
  • Each L-shaped arm can correspond to an independent radio frequency channel.
  • the antenna 300 may include four independent feeding points 311-314, and four L-shaped arms 321-324 corresponding to the four feeding points one-to-one. Among them, each spiral arm can be connected to a feed point.
  • the L-shaped arm 321 is connected to the feeding point 311
  • the L-shaped arm 322 is connected to the feeding point 312
  • the L-shaped arm 323 is connected to the feeding point 313
  • the L-shaped arm 324 is connected to the feeding point 314.
  • Each feed point can provide energy for the connected spiral arm.
  • the four L-shaped arms connected to the four feeding points can work independently based on the feeding from the feeding points. That is, one L-shaped arm connected to each feed point can realize single-port operation. In other words, an L-shaped arm connected to each feed point can provide a degree of freedom of the port. The four L-shaped arms can provide the freedom of four ports based on the feed from the four feed points, respectively.
  • each L-shaped arm may include a first arm and a second arm.
  • the first arm and the second arm intersect at one point, forming an "L" shape.
  • the intersection of the first support arm and the second support arm can be used as a feed end and is connected to the feed point.
  • first arm and the second arm are names introduced for ease of description, and should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • first arm and the second arm are electrically connected.
  • the electrical connection can be achieved by welding, assembling, etc. This application does not limit the specific manner of achieving electrical connection between the first arm and the second arm.
  • the material of the L-shaped arm is metal, or it can also be obtained by attaching copper to the PCB or metal plating on the outside of the plastic.
  • the shape of the L-shaped arm shown in the figure is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to the application.
  • the L-shaped arm can have different shapes such as a tube or a sheet. This application includes but is not limited to this.
  • the four L-shaped arms surround the center of the antenna 300 and are arranged in a staggered spiral.
  • the second arm 3212 of the L-shaped arm 321 is adjacent to the first arm 3221 of the L-shaped arm 322, and the second arm 3222 of the L-shaped arm 322 is adjacent to the first arm 3222 of the L-shaped arm 323.
  • 3231 is adjacent
  • the second arm 3232 of the L-shaped arm 323 is adjacent to the first arm 3241 of the L-shaped arm 324
  • the second arm 3242 of the L-shaped arm 324 is opposite to the first arm 3211 of the L-shaped arm 321 adjacent.
  • the antenna 300 thus obtained has a square shape and can be referred to as a quadrilateral helical antenna.
  • the staggered spiral arrangement of the four L-shaped arms can correct the antenna pattern and improve the isolation between ports.
  • FIG. 21 is another schematic diagram of an antenna 300 provided by another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 21, the antenna 300 can be deployed on the antenna panel 330.
  • the antenna panel 330 may be, for example, a metal plate or a PCB plated with metal. This application does not limit this.
  • first arm and the second arm of each of the four L-shaped arms 321-324 are parallel to the antenna panel. Designing the first arm and the second arm of each L-shaped arm to be parallel to the antenna panel can reduce the size of the antenna 300 in the direction perpendicular to the antenna panel, that is, reduce the height of the antenna 300.
  • the height of the four L-shaped arms relative to the antenna panel is the same.
  • the first arm and the second arm of the four L-shaped arms may be located on the same plane.
  • the height of the four L-shaped arms relative to the antenna panel is the same.
  • Designing the four L-shaped arms to be the same height as the antenna panel 330 can further reduce the size of the antenna 300 in the direction perpendicular to the antenna panel, that is, reduce the height of the antenna 300.
  • the four L-shaped arms of the resulting antenna 300 are almost in the same plane, so the antenna can also be called a planar square spiral antenna. It can be understood that the planar square helical antenna is a special case of the quadrilateral helical antenna.
  • the height of the four L-shaped arms relative to the antenna panel can also be different.
  • each L-shaped arm can be further improved.
  • each vibrator arm of the antenna is related to the operating frequency.
  • the L-shaped arm can be further bent.
  • the antenna 300 obtained by the bending process can be as shown in the figure.
  • the first arm of each L-shaped arm in the antenna 300 includes a first part a parallel to the antenna panel 330 and a second part b perpendicular to the antenna panel 330.
  • the second arm of each L-shaped arm includes The third part c of the antenna panel 330 and the second part d perpendicular to the antenna panel 330.
  • the first part a of the first arm 3211 of the L-shaped arm 321 is parallel to the antenna panel 330, the second part b of the first arm 3211 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330; the third part c of the second arm 3212 of the L-shaped arm Parallel to the antenna panel 330, the fourth portion d of the second arm 3212 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330.
  • the first part a of the first arm 3221 of the L-shaped arm 322 is parallel to the antenna panel 330, and the second part b of the first arm 3221 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330;
  • the third part c is parallel to the antenna panel 330, and the fourth part d of the second arm 3222 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330.
  • the first part a of the first arm 3231 of the L-shaped arm 323 is parallel to the antenna panel 330, the second part b of the first arm 3231 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330; the third part c of the second arm 3232 of the L-shaped arm Parallel to the antenna panel 330, the fourth portion d of the second arm 3232 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330.
  • the first part a of the first arm 3241 of the L-shaped arm 324 is parallel to the antenna panel 330, the second part b of the first arm 3241 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330; the third part c of the second arm 3242 of the L-shaped arm Parallel to the antenna panel 330, the fourth portion d of the second arm 3242 is perpendicular to the antenna panel 330.
  • each L-shaped arm in the plane By bending the end of each arm of the L-shaped arm perpendicular to the direction of the antenna panel, the size of each L-shaped arm in the plane can be further reduced, so that the planar size of the antenna 300 can be reduced. Therefore, by effectively using the space, the size of the antenna 300 is further reduced.
  • the four L-shaped arms may have the same length of the first arm, the same length of the second arm, the same height, and so on.
  • the length of the first part on the four first arms can also be the same, and the length of the second part on the four first arms can also be the same; the length of the third part on the four second arms can also be the same, and the length of the fourth part can also be the same.
  • the size of the antenna 300 can be minimized.
  • the thus obtained antenna 300 has a projection size of 0.36 ⁇ or less on the antenna panel.
  • the projection size of the antenna 300 on the antenna panel is smaller than the projection size of the dual-polarized antenna on the antenna panel. This means that the antenna 300 occupies a smaller area for the antenna panel, and at the same time can provide more freedom of ports. Therefore, in the case of a certain antenna panel area, compared to a dual-polarized antenna, it can provide more ports and degrees of freedom. This helps to improve system throughput.
  • the structure of the antenna 300 provided by the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above in conjunction with FIG. 20 and FIG. 21. However, what is shown in the figure is only an example, and the antenna 300 may also include more or fewer L-shaped arms to achieve more or fewer degrees of freedom of ports. For example, two, three, six, eight, etc. This application does not limit this.
  • the antenna 300 provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above in conjunction with FIG. 20 and FIG. 21. It should be understood that the diagrams shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are only examples, and should not constitute any limitation to the present application. Based on the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, those skilled in the art can also make equivalent substitutions or modifications to part of the structure to achieve the same function. These equivalent replacements or modifications should fall within the protection scope of this application.
  • each antenna shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21 can be used as an independent antenna unit, and each L-shaped arm is connected to a feed point corresponding to an independent RF channel.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 can also be used as a part of the antenna unit, and more antennas of the same structure form one antenna unit.
  • each antenna may have a structure as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21.
  • the L-shaped arms in the multiple antennas can be divided into four groups of L-shaped arms. Each group of L-shaped arms can realize single-port independent operation, and the four groups of L-shaped arms can provide four Degrees of freedom for each port.
  • each L-shaped arm described above corresponds to one radio frequency channel can refer to the relevant description above in conjunction with a) in FIG. 8.
  • Each group of L-shaped arms described above corresponds to one radio frequency channel.
  • details are not repeated here.
  • the antenna unit is used as the granularity for description.
  • the above-mentioned antenna unit including one or more antennas 300 is referred to as a quadrilateral helical antenna unit.
  • the quadrilateral helical antenna unit may include one antenna 300 as described above, or may include multiple antennas 300. This application does not limit this.
  • the present application also provides an antenna array.
  • the antenna array may include one or more quadrangular helical antenna elements.
  • FIG. 22 to 32 show several examples of antenna arrays provided by another embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the antenna array shown in FIG. 22 to FIG. 32 may be, for example, a complete antenna array or a part of it. This application does not limit this.
  • the antenna array may include the aforementioned quadrangular helical antenna unit.
  • Each represents a quadrilateral helical antenna element.
  • Figure 22 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 8 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 8.
  • the leftmost and rightmost antenna elements are quadrangular helical antenna elements.
  • the leftmost quadrangular helical antenna element and the rightmost quadrilateral The slope of the difference in the phase pattern of the helical antenna unit is larger than the slope of the difference in the phase pattern when both sides are dual-polarized antenna units. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved.
  • the uppermost and lowermost antenna elements are also quadrilateral spiral antenna elements.
  • the phase pattern is generated, and the uppermost quadrilateral spiral antenna unit is opposite to the rightmost quadrilateral spiral antenna unit.
  • the slope of the difference in the phase pattern of the antenna unit is larger than the slope of the difference in the phase pattern when both upper and lower antenna units are dual-polarized antenna units. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the vertical direction can be improved. In summary, the spatial resolution of the antenna array can be improved, which is conducive to improving the throughput of the system, and the gain is obvious.
  • the antenna array shown in FIG. 22 are only examples, and should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns.
  • the column of the antenna may be 12 rows and 8 columns, 16 rows and 8 columns, 12 rows and 12 columns, 16 rows and 12 columns, 16 rows and 16 columns, etc. For the sake of brevity, we will not list them all here.
  • Fig. 23 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 12 columns, that is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 12.
  • Figure 24 shows an antenna array with 12 rows and 12 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 12 ⁇ 12.
  • Figure 25 shows an antenna array with 16 rows and 12 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 16 ⁇ 12.
  • the antenna array shown in FIGS. 23-25 may include multiple dual-polarized antenna elements and multiple quadrilateral helical antenna elements. That is, two antennas of different structures are mixed. Therefore, the antenna array shown in FIG. 23 to FIG. 25 can be referred to as a hybrid array.
  • the left two columns and the right two columns are quadrangular helical antenna elements, and the middle eight columns are dual-polarized antenna elements.
  • the dual-polarized antenna unit is an example of a two-port antenna unit, and can also be replaced with other two-port antenna units. This application does not limit this.
  • the leftmost and rightmost antenna elements are quadrilateral helical antenna elements.
  • the leftmost quadrilateral helical antenna unit and the rightmost The slope of the difference in the phase pattern of the quadrilateral helical antenna unit is larger than the slope of the difference in the phase pattern when both sides are dual-polarized antenna units. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the throughput of the system, and the gain is obvious.
  • the throughput of the system is related to the spatial resolution of the antenna array, so the system throughput can be improved by maximizing the spatial resolution of the antenna array.
  • the phase pattern of all ports in the antenna array can be obtained by using the same position reference point. Then, the maximum slope of the difference between the spatial resolution of the antenna array in a certain direction (such as the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) and the phase pattern of any two antenna elements in the same direction in the antenna array (that is, as the radiation The slope of the angle change) is related.
  • the maximum slope of the phase pattern difference between the four-port antenna unit compared to the two-port antenna unit is greater than the maximum slope of the phase pattern difference between the two-port antenna unit. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the four-port antenna unit is greater than that of the two-port antenna unit.
  • the angle areas of the phase radiation patterns of the ports of the two adjacent four-port antenna elements may overlap.
  • the antenna array can be called a quadrangular helical antenna array.
  • the angle area of the phase pattern of the quadrilateral helical antenna unit in the middle area of the antenna array will overlap in a large interval, so the gain brought by the quadrilateral helical antenna array is limited.
  • the antenna unit in the middle area of the antenna array is set as a two-port antenna unit, such as the dual-polarized antenna unit described above, and the antenna unit at the edge is set as a quadrilateral helical antenna unit, the gain it brings is the same as all settings The gain brought to the quadrilateral helical antenna array is comparable.
  • the quadrilateral helical antenna unit and the two-port antenna unit can be mixed and arranged in the antenna array to obtain a larger gain.
  • the above-mentioned gain may specifically refer to an antenna array with the same dimensions formed by dual-polarized antenna units.
  • the dimensions of the antenna arrays shown in FIG. 23 to FIG. 25 are only examples, and should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns.
  • the drawings are not listed here.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 23 to 25 can also be rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to improve the spatial resolution in the vertical direction.
  • Figure 26 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 10 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 10.
  • Figure 27 shows an antenna array with 12 rows and 10 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 12 ⁇ 10.
  • Figure 28 shows an antenna array with 16 rows and 10 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 16 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array shown in FIGS. 26-28 may include multiple dual-polarized antenna elements and multiple quadrangular helical antenna elements, and therefore is also a hybrid array.
  • the three columns on the left and the three columns on the right are quadrangular helical antenna elements, and the middle four columns are dual-polarized antenna elements.
  • the dual-polarized antenna unit is an example of a two-port antenna unit, and can also be replaced with other two-port antenna units. This application does not limit this.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 26-28 are similar to the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 23-25.
  • the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved, so it is beneficial to improve the throughput of the system, and the gain is obvious.
  • FIGS. 26 to 28 reference may be made to the relevant descriptions above in conjunction with FIGS. 23 to 25. For the sake of brevity, I won't repeat them here.
  • the dimensions of the antenna array shown in FIG. 26 to FIG. 28 are only examples, and the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns. This application does not limit this. For the sake of brevity, the drawings are not listed here.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 26 to 28 can also be rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to improve the spatial resolution in the vertical direction.
  • the above-mentioned antenna array can be further modified.
  • Figure 29 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 10 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 10.
  • Figure 30 shows an antenna array with 12 rows and 10 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 12 ⁇ 10.
  • Figure 31 shows an antenna array with 18 rows and 10 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 16 ⁇ 10.
  • the antenna array shown in FIG. 29 to FIG. 31 may include multiple dual-polarized antenna elements and multiple quadrangular helical antenna elements, so it is also a hybrid array.
  • the five columns on the left are staggered by three columns of tetragonal helical antenna elements and two columns of dual-polarized antenna elements.
  • the five columns on the right of the antenna array are also composed of three columns of tetragonal helical antennas.
  • the unit and two columns of dual-polarized antenna units are arranged alternately. Therefore, the left and right sides of the mixed array are all quadrilateral helical antenna elements.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 29 to 31 are also relatively similar to the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 23 to 25. Based on the same principle as described above, the spatial resolution of the antenna array in the horizontal direction can be improved, which is beneficial to increase the system throughput, and the gain is obvious.
  • FIGS. 29 to 31 reference may be made to the relevant descriptions above in conjunction with FIGS. 23 to 25. For the sake of brevity, I won't repeat them here.
  • the dimensions of the antenna array shown in FIGS. 29 to 31 are only examples, and the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns. This application does not limit this. For the sake of brevity, the drawings are not listed here.
  • the antenna arrays shown in FIGS. 29 to 31 can also be rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise to improve the spatial resolution in the vertical direction.
  • Figure 32 shows an antenna array with 8 rows and 8 columns. That is, the dimension of the antenna array is 8 ⁇ 8.
  • the antenna elements in the antenna array are all quadrangular helical antenna elements. As shown in the figure, the quadrilateral helical antenna elements in the antenna array have two different radiation characteristics.
  • the radiation characteristic mentioned here may refer to the radiation characteristic formed by the antenna unit in space when the antenna unit is at a certain position in the antenna array, regardless of the possible influence of other antenna units around it. In other words, it does not consider the changes in the radiation characteristics of the space due to the influence of other antenna elements around.
  • the quadrilateral helical antenna element in the antenna array can be divided into two parts, and the orientation of the two-part quadrilateral helical antenna element in the antenna array is different. In the picture with To distinguish.
  • the azimuths of the two quadrilateral helical antenna elements are different, which can mean that when the centers of the two quadrilateral helical antenna elements in different azimuths overlap, for example, two quadrilateral helical antennas overlap, and one of the antenna elements is relative to the other antenna element.
  • Has a deflection angle This is analogous to the fact that a part of the quadrilateral helical antenna element is obtained after a center rotation is made relative to the other part of the quadrilateral helical antenna element.
  • a part of the quadrilateral helical antenna unit with the same azimuth can be recorded as the first quadrilateral helical antenna unit, and the other part of the quadrilateral helical antenna unit with a deflection angle relative to the first quadrilateral helical antenna unit can be recorded as the second Quadrilateral helical antenna unit.
  • the second quadrilateral helical antenna unit may also include multiple quadrilateral helical antenna units with the same azimuth.
  • the spatial phase distribution diagram may not be uniform, and there is a hollow in a certain area, and by introducing A quadrilateral helical antenna unit with a deflection angle (such as the second quadrilateral helical antenna unit) can make up for this part of the hollow.
  • the spatial phase distribution pattern area between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit tends to be uniform. This helps suppress side lobes, which in turn improves system performance.
  • the deflection angle is 45°.
  • the first tetragonal helical antenna element and the second tetragonal helical antenna element are alternately arranged; in each column of the antenna, the first tetragonal helical antenna element is also Alternately arranged with the second quadrangular helical antenna unit.
  • the four antenna elements adjacent to each first quadrilateral helical antenna element are all second quadrilateral helical antenna elements, and the four antenna elements adjacent to each second quadrilateral helical antenna element are The four antenna elements are all first quadrangular helical antenna elements.
  • the spatial resolution of the antenna array is not changed. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the antenna array shown in FIG. 32 in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be improved.
  • the phase pattern of each port in the entire antenna array is evenly distributed, which is beneficial to maximize the side lobe suppression capability. , Improve system performance.
  • the dimensions of the antenna array shown in FIG. 32 are only examples.
  • the antenna array may also include more or fewer rows, and may also include more or fewer columns. This application does not limit this. For the sake of brevity, the drawings are not listed here.
  • the application also provides a communication device.
  • the communication device may include the antenna shown in any one of the multiple embodiments described above, for example, the antenna 200 shown in any one of the drawings in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, or the antenna shown in FIG. 20 or FIG. 21. ⁇ Antenna 300.
  • the communication device may also include the antenna array shown in any one of the above multiple embodiments, for example, the antenna array shown in any one of the drawings in FIGS. 9 to 19, or any one of the attached drawings in FIGS. 22 to 32.
  • the communication device is a base station.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande prévoit une antenne, un réseau d'antennes et un appareil de communication, au moyen desquels un plus grand nombre de degrés de liberté et de ports d'antenne peuvent être construits tout en limitant les dimensions d'un panneau d'antenne. L'antenne comprend : quatre points d'alimentation mutuellement indépendants ; et quatre bras en spirale en correspondance biunivoque avec les quatre points d'alimentation, chaque bras en spirale étant relié à un point d'alimentation correspondant. L'extrémité en spirale de chaque bras en spirale peut utiliser une structure de branche à circuit ouvert devant être connectée entre des points d'alimentation correspondant à celle-ci, et/ou l'extrémité arrière de chaque bras en spirale peut être accouplée à un timbre parasite, et/ou l'espacement w entre deux bras en spirale adjacents se rencontrent : w≤λ/10, λ étant la longueur d'onde de fonctionnement. Au moyen de la conception précédente, les degrés de liberté de quatre ports peuvent être fournis et la bande passante d'une antenne peut également être élargie. Lorsque les dimensions d'un panneau d'antenne sont limitées, ce qui précède permet d'améliorer le rendement du système.
PCT/CN2020/088828 2020-05-06 2020-05-06 Antenne, réseau d'antennes et appareil de communication WO2021223118A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2020/088828 WO2021223118A1 (fr) 2020-05-06 2020-05-06 Antenne, réseau d'antennes et appareil de communication
CN202080100328.4A CN115461934A (zh) 2020-05-06 2020-05-06 天线、天线阵列和通信装置

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CN110199434A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2019-09-03 华为技术有限公司 四端口螺旋天线小型化
CN110326161A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2019-10-11 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 螺旋天线及通信设备

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US20100045553A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2010-02-25 Masataka Ohira Low-profile antenna structure
US10199733B1 (en) * 2010-02-02 2019-02-05 Maxtena, Inc. Multiband multifilar antenna
US20120162021A1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Industrial Cooperation Foundation Chonbuk National University Circularly polarized antenna with wide beam width
CN103280630A (zh) * 2013-05-02 2013-09-04 苏州卡基纳斯通信科技有限公司 多频宽波束圆极化天线
CN104377433A (zh) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-25 富士通株式会社 天线设备
CN110199434A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2019-09-03 华为技术有限公司 四端口螺旋天线小型化
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