WO2021213672A1 - Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procédé de fabrication associé - Google Patents

Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procédé de fabrication associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021213672A1
WO2021213672A1 PCT/EP2020/061497 EP2020061497W WO2021213672A1 WO 2021213672 A1 WO2021213672 A1 WO 2021213672A1 EP 2020061497 W EP2020061497 W EP 2020061497W WO 2021213672 A1 WO2021213672 A1 WO 2021213672A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
cathode block
block
wear resistant
composite material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/061497
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Asgeir BARDAL
Morten SUNDHEIM JENSEN
Original Assignee
Norsk Hydro Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norsk Hydro Asa filed Critical Norsk Hydro Asa
Priority to CA3179900A priority Critical patent/CA3179900A1/fr
Priority to NZ792374A priority patent/NZ792374A/en
Priority to EP20725624.9A priority patent/EP4139502B1/fr
Priority to JP2022564130A priority patent/JP2023530566A/ja
Priority to PL20725624.9T priority patent/PL4139502T3/pl
Priority to PCT/EP2020/061497 priority patent/WO2021213672A1/fr
Priority to AU2020443557A priority patent/AU2020443557A1/en
Priority to BR112022019157A priority patent/BR112022019157A2/pt
Publication of WO2021213672A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021213672A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cathode block for a Hall-Heroult cell for electrolytic production of aluminium.
  • the invention relates to cathode solution with cathode blocks comprising a wear resistant composite material in selected areas or parts of the surface layer, and where the height of the cathode blocks can consequently be reduced. Based upon the cathode rodding principle, the cathode block height can be reduced even more. Then invention also relates to a method for making such cathode solution.
  • cathode blocks for aluminium production cells are prepared by mixing of a coke aggregate and a pitch binder. This mix is then extruded or pressed in a vibromold, before baking and subsequent graphitization. Such blocks are commonly referred to as graphitized cathode blocks.
  • Grooves/slots are machined in the bottom of the graphitized cathode blocks thereof allowing current leads such as collector bars to be entered into and joined to the cathode blocks, a procedure which is called cathode rodding.
  • cathode rodding the space between the wall of the slots and the bars can commonly be filled with melted cast-iron or a contacting paste or glue for the fixation of said collector bars.
  • Rodding with collector plates is one other alternative, where steel shots can be filled in a space between groves in a cathode block attached to a collector plate. Yet another alternative is to use round Cu rods inserted in holes machined in the cathode blocks, instead of conventional steel collector bars.
  • the cathode block assembly consists of the cathode block and the cathode bar, plate or rod, connected to the cathode block after the rodding process.
  • cathode block assemblies are installed in the cell and form together a cathode panel.
  • a Hall-Heroult cell is operated typically for 5-7 years before relining of the cathode becomes necessary mainly due a relatively high wear rate (typically 50-70 mm/year), or due to sodium penetration, swelling or cracking. Due to the relatively high wear rate the height of the cathode blocks are typically in the range of 450-500 mm, in order to ensure sufficient lifetime if the cell.
  • the mass of cathode blocks in the cathode panel of one cell can represent 25-30 tons of weight.
  • the mass of relined cathode block material amounts to 3000-3600 tons annually.
  • C-TiB 2 composite TiB 2 particles intermixed with the carbon of the cathode blocks (‘C-TiB 2 composite’) used in reduction cells for production of aluminium by electrolysis.
  • C-TiB 2 composite can be either as a layer at the top of the cathode block, or throughout the full height of the cathode block.
  • Such cathode blocks are known as wettable cathodes and they are intended for application in so called drained cells where there are no metal pool in the bottom of the electrolytic cell.
  • US 4,544,524 discloses production of cathodes where blocks or shaped bodies are produced from a titanium diboride - carbon eutectic.
  • WO 00/36187 relates to a method for producing a cathode with several layers. At least one metal boride containing layer overlies a graphite layer. In addition to metal boride the layers also contain carbon. Oxidation and erosion resistance can be improved.
  • wettable cathode blocks One disadvantage with such wettable cathode blocks is that cost of the C-TiB 2 composite material will be high, and in order to support the high costs of these blocks a considerable reduction energy consumption during operation is required. Drained cells with a wettable cathode could theoretically reduce the energy consumption considerably, but in order to utilize the potential of such electrolysis cells a change of the electrolysis cell design as well as other new technology elements are required (e.g. inert side walls and inert anodes). Drained cells for aluminium electrolysis have, to this day, therefore not been implemented successfully.
  • the present invention describes a concept called wear resistant cathode blocks which are intended for conventional Hall-Heroult cells rather than wettable cathode blocks for use in drained cells.
  • both types of blocks may utilize a C-TiB 2 composite material
  • the design of the blocks, the composition and properties of the composite material as well as the cost will be quite different and thus the wear resistant cathode block solutions presented here could not be used as a wettable cathode in a drained cell.
  • the whole surface of wettable cathodes for drained cells must be covered with a wettable composite material (e.g. C-TiB 2 ), whereas according to the present invention only selected parts of the surface of the wear resistant cathode block needs to be covered with the wear resistant composite material (e.g. C-TiB 2 ).
  • the wear resistant composite material used in selected areas of the surface of the wear resistant cathode block may consist of carbon and 5 - 80 wt% of other hard materials refractory metal boride powders, such as TiB 2 , HfB 2 , ZrB 2 , CrB 2 , or WB 2 , or refectory metal carbide powder such as SiC, Cr 3 C 2 , B 4 C, TiC, or Al 2 0 3 or any appropriate combinations of these.
  • refractory metal boride powders such as TiB 2 , HfB 2 , ZrB 2 , CrB 2 , or WB 2
  • refectory metal carbide powder such as SiC, Cr 3 C 2 , B 4 C, TiC, or Al 2 0 3 or any appropriate combinations of these.
  • the green cathode block can be prepared by adding the composite material in selected areas in the bottom of a conventional vibromold for cathode block production, before adding the conventional cathode paste on top, which is then evened out with a rake (or a similar tool) and then vibromolded. This way the wear resistant cathode block is prepared upside-down. The green wear resistant cathode block is then heat treated (i.e. baked and graphitized) in a similar manner as for conventional cathode blocks
  • the selected areas or parts of the surface of the cathode block made of a wear resistant composite material corresponds to less than 100% of the total surface of cathode block
  • the selected areas or parts of the surface of the cathode block made of a wear resistant composite material corresponds to less than 50% of the total surface of the cathode block
  • the selected areas or parts of the surface of the cathode block made of a wear resistant composite material corresponds to less than 30% of the total surface of the cathode block.
  • the selected areas or parts of the surface of the cathode block made of a wear resistant composite material corresponds to less than 10% of the total surface of the cathode block.
  • the wear resistant composite material has a thickness between 3 and 10 cm. According to another aspect of the invention the wear resistant composite material is arranged at selected areas of the cathode surface where the wear rate of the cathode is high and can be predicted by modelling or determined by autopsy.
  • a collector plate construction with steel and Cu inserts can advantageously be applied instead of the steel cathode bars conventionally used as connectors between cathode block and flexibles to the busbar system.
  • metallic particles such as steel spheres and thermal expansion forces and by utilizing a wear resistant composite material in specific areas in the cathode block, it is possible to radically reduce the height of the cathode block from the typical height of 450-500 mm, to a height of 80-230 mm and still maintain the same cell life or even increase the cell life.
  • the yearly consume of cathode material can be reduced with 45-85% or more for a given potline.
  • the wear resistant composite material in specific areas of the cathode block the usage of the costly wear resistant material can be kept to a minimum. Since the present invention will be used in conventional electrolytic cells for aluminium metal production, it is possible to have a cathode block design where only parts of the surface are covered with the wear resistant composite material, as compared to wettable cathodes for drained cells where the whole surface of the cathode block must be covered with e.g. TiB 2 -carbon composite material.
  • the height of the cathode block can be reduced to a height of 130-280 mm, made possible by utilizing a specially designed cathode block with a wear resistant composite material in specific areas of the cathode block. This can give approximately a yearly 45-75 % reduction or more in consume of cathode material for a given pot line.
  • the height of the cathode block can be reduced to a height of 170-370 mm, made possible by applying a specially designed cathode block with a wear resistant composite material in specific areas of the cathode block. This can give approximately a yearly 25-65 % reduction or more in consume of cathode material for a given pot line.
  • the alternative embodiment with Cu rods can be put into practice by combining the following two elements: i) A wear resistant composite material electrode material in specific areas of the cathode block. i) Cu rods as connection between the cathode block and the cathode flexibles connecting to the busbar system.
  • the alternative embodiment with conventional steel collector bars can be put into practice by combining the following two elements: i) A wear resistant composite material electrode material in specific areas of the cathode block. i) Cathode bars as connection between the cathode block and the cathode flexibles connecting to the busbar system.
  • the cathode wear rate on the cathode surface may be determined by experience when a cell is shut down and inspected, and the results from this inspection can be used as an input for modelling and design of wear resistant cathode blocks for the relining of the cell. Due to the high cost, the wear resistant composite material should only be used in selected areas where the wear rate is high, typically towards, but not restricted to, the ends of the cathode block. ii) The preferred embodiment, the geometry of the collector plate, or the alternative embodiment, the Cu rod, avoiding the need to have 15 - 18 cm of carbon around the conventional cathode bars, allows for an even lower building height of the cathode element.
  • the invention is realized to by carrying out mechanical design of the cathode block assembly production process of the cathode block, joining process between cathode block and collector plate or Cu rod, and thermoelectric / thermo mechanic design of the full cathode shell - cathode lining including the cathode bar assembly.
  • the present invention relates in the preferred embodiment to cathode solutions based upon collector plates or in the alternative embodiment cathode solutions based upon Cu rods or conventional collector bars, both with electrically conductive bodies where it is included several novel and inventive features in the construction thereof, in particular due to the reduction of height.
  • Fig. 1 is a principal sketch showing in a cross sectional view the main parts of a Hall-Heroult cell
  • Fig. 2 discloses an end view of a conventional cathode block with two slots for cathode bars
  • Fig. 3 discloses a side view of a similar cathode block as that of Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 discloses an end view of a cathode block with two slots for cathode bars, where the cathode block has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material , in selected areas of the upper layer thereof, according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 discloses a side view of a similar cathode block as that of Fig. 4, where the wear resistant composite materials are placed in selected areas towards the ends of the cathode block
  • Fig. 6 discloses an end view of cathode block rodded with two Cu-rods, where the cathode block has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material , in selected areas of the upper layer thereof, according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 discloses a side view of a similar cathode block as that of Fig. 6, where the wear resistant composite materials are placed in selected areas towards the ends of the cathode block
  • Fig. 8 discloses in an end view a cathode block rodded onto a collector plate rods, where the cathode block has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material , in selected areas of the upper layer thereof, according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen a cross sectional view of the main parts of a conventional Hall- Heroult cell.
  • the Figure shows a superstructure including alumina/fluoride hoppers, anode stubs, bus bars and feeding devices. Further, a pair of anodes partly covered by a crust is dipped into a liquid bath. Under the liquid bath there is shown a layer of liquid aluminium. The cathode is arranged below the liquid aluminium. There is shown two collector bars embedded in the cathode, from each end and inwards.
  • Fig. 2 discloses an end view of a conventional cathode block 24 have two cathode bars 22, 22’ rodded in recesses by cast iron 21 , 21 ’. The width of the cathode block can be in the range 40 - 60 cm and the height can be in the range 40 - 60 cm.
  • Fig. 3 discloses a side view of a conventional cathode block 24, similar to that of Fig. 2.
  • the length of the block can be in the range 250 - 350 cm, the height can be in the range 40 - 60 cm.
  • Fig. 4 discloses an end view of a cathode block with two slots for cathode bars 22, 22’, where the cathode block 24 has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material, in selected areas of the upper layer 25 thereof, according to the invention.
  • the upper layer in this embodiment can be of 5 - 10 cm thickness, while the cathode block can be of 25 - 35 cm thickness.
  • the width can be in the range 40 - 60 cm.
  • Fig. 5 discloses a side view of a cathode block 24, where the cathode block 24 has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material, in selected areas of the upper layer 25, 25’ thereof according to the invention, similar to that of Fig. 4.
  • the said areas are arranged at the end regions of the cathode block and being 5 - 10 cm thick in this embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 discloses in an end view a cathode block rodded with two Cu-rods 50, 50’, where the cathode block 24 has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material, in selected areas of the upper layer 25 thereof, according to the invention.
  • the thickness of the wear resistant upper layer can be 5 - 10 cm while the total height of the cathode block can be 13 - 28 cm.
  • Fig. 7 discloses a side view of a cathode block corresponding to that of Fig. 6, where the cathode block 24 has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material, in selected areas 25, 25’ of the upper layer thereof, according to the invention.
  • the length of the cathode block can be in the range 300 - 350 cm.
  • Fig. 8 discloses in an end view a cathode block 24 rodded onto a collector plate 20.
  • the collector plate 20 is provided in this example with five collector elements, 30, 30’ 30”, 30”’, 30”” that are in electrical contact with the collector plate 20.
  • these parts are made out of a steel quality that can easily be welded, and preferably the parts are welded together.
  • a cathode block can be rodded to the collector elements, in a similar manner as disclosed in W02009/099335A1 , where the solution may involve electric conductive metallic particles.
  • the number of collector elements at the collector plate may differ from five as shown, for instance one to seven or even none, where the rodding material is arranged as a layer between the plate and the cathode block.
  • the cathode block 24 has a special design with a lower height and with a wear resistant composite material, in selected areas 25 of the upper layer thereof, according to the invention.
  • the thickness of this material can be 5 - 10 cm while the total height of the cathode block can be in the range 8 - 28 cm.
  • the combination of rodding a collector plate with collector elements to a cathode block having a wear resistant composite material makes a particularly low cathode block height possible and is considered as a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 discloses a side view of a cathode block similar to that of Fig. 8, where the cathode block 24 has a special design with an even lower height and with a wear resistant composite material, in selected areas 25, 25’ of the upper layer thereof, rodded onto a collector plate 20, according to the invention.
  • An appropriate collector plate can comprise at least one horizontal current outlet on at least one side and/or at least one vertical metallic current outlet connected to the collector plate.
  • thermocouple is inserted into a metallic component inside of or below the collector plate to be able to monitor the temperature at that location.
  • it comprises at least one horizontal current outlet on each end being integrated with the collector plate.
  • At least one vertical current outlet at the opposite side of the collector plate than the cathode block.
  • At least one metallic collector element is arranged at the upper side of a metallic collector plate, where said collector element is embedded in a corresponding recess in the bottom part of the cathode block, the recess being wider than the collector element and being filled with an electric conductive material comprising conductive particles.
  • collector elements there are one or more collector elements, preferably 3 to 7 being separated at a distance of typically 50 mm to 150 mm.
  • the at least one collector element(s) is of same length or shorter length than the cathode block.
  • the collector plate can have one to five inserts of materials with higher electric conductivity, like copper.
  • the present cathode design is advantageous with regard to the magnetohydrodynamic stability of the cell it has been installed in, it may have an improved life cycle and less space usage and in operation, and it also represents a low cathode voltage drop with regard to a conventional cathode design.
  • the horizontal current outlets can be made out of conductors of a good conducting material like copper or copper alloy and further being, at least at its outlet ends, covered by a sheet material, preferably made out of a metal such as steel.
  • the horizontal current outlets with their corresponding conductors can be integrated in slots made in the collector plate 20. This integration may be based upon press-fit tolerances or pre-heated plate sections to use thermal expansion for a tight fit. However, any appropriate fixation including welding may be applied.
  • the conducting material in the slots may be covered by a protective steel plate on the upper and lower side.
  • the whole assembly with the cathode block 24 and the collector plate 20 are tilted somewhat during the filling procedure of the particles, to allow the particles to fill the recess in a smooth and complete manner. Additionally, some vibration might be applied to the plate or plate sections for homogeneous filling with the particles.
  • the recesses or slots in the bottom of the cathode block can be made in a green condition of the carbonaceous body by commonly used techniques or in a calcinated or graphitized condition by commonly available process equipment.
  • the geometry of the slots has to fit the plates.
  • the electrical conducting solids or particles can be of any appropriate metal such as steel, iron, copper, aluminium etc., or alloys of same.
  • the shape of the solids can be spherical, oval or elliptic, flaked, or have any appropriate shape.
  • the size and particle distribution may vary. The maximum size will in general be restricted by the width of the space to be filled. A non-homogenous distribution of particle sizes may be convenient to obtain a compact filling as possible, with little space between the particles.
  • the applied material should have good mechanical properties (crushing properties) and be able to sustain high temperatures.
  • mechanical properties crushing properties
  • magnetic properties may be advantageous.
  • the size of said solids can be from 0,1 millimetres and close to the minimum opening between the carbonaceous body and conductor plate. Commonly, the size may be up to 2 millimetres.
  • thermocouples attached to or inserted into the cathode plate to monitor the temperature in the cathode.
  • holes up to the centre of the plate can be drilled in the cathode plate at appropriate locations for reception of thermocouples.
  • the steel plate creates a protective housing for the thermocouples to survive the chemical aggressive environment during operation.
  • the insertion length of the horizontal outlets can preferably be limited in that it does not cover the central part of the cathode plate.
  • the length of the insertion can for example be designed to reflect the existence of vertical outlets in that plate, and the path length of the current through the conductors to the next cell.
  • the length of the insertion can be made longer on the upstream side to balance the current pick-up in the cathode block to be more balanced.
  • Each cathode element can be fitted with horizontal outlets only for instance for end-to-end arranged cells or when there is no space for busbars under the cell, or with several horizontal outlets and one vertical outlet. To optimize the magnetic field, a configuration with one or two vertical outlets only and no horizontal outlet can be possible for some selected cathode block of the cathode panel as well.
  • a combination of different collector plate configurations can be applied in one cell to create a favourable magnetic field from the electric current distribution or enhance the thermal properties of the cell by reducing the number of outlets where a heat loss is undesired, e.g. on the short ends of the cell which tend to be colder due to the nearby corners.
  • Vertical outlets attached to only some collector plates can be beneficial to optimize the current flow and magnetic field. This may as well reduce the costs of the installation when the current distribution and magnetohydrodynamic stability of the cell is sufficient.
  • the claimed collector plate cathode with the very low height cathode block has multiple advantages compared to a traditional design comprising a carbonaceous body with embedded collector bars:
  • the block will be significantly lower, due to significantly lower erosion rate of the TiB 2 -Carbon composite material the lifetime will still be higher.
  • the cathode voltage drop (CVD) is significantly lower (as low as 150mV) due to the low cathode block height, number of outlets, material electric properties, better electric contact due to initial mobility of particles, total surface of contact resistance and shorter current paths from the existence of vertical outlets
  • the current distribution into the top cathode block surface is more homogeneous due to the plate geometry, conductance of insertions, and existence of vertical outlets, thus avoiding undesired, instability causing horizontal currents in the liquid aluminium pad above the cathode block surface.
  • the higher stability of the cell can be used to reduce the cell voltage and energy consumption further or increase the amperage and production volume
  • the vertical space usage of the arrangement is less than with conventional design, thus allowing for a lower cathode shell or - if the shell height is kept, to use the extra space for better bottom insulation, higher and longer-lasting anode blocks, or more height for liquid aluminium or bath
  • the design has a better ratio of electric to thermal conductivity at the most critical locations of high current density and heat flow, thus improving the energy efficiency of the cell (less heat loss and lower cathode voltage drop CVD)
  • thermocouples Easier installation of thermocouples inside the plate due to less deep drilling than in collector bars, or direct access from bottom side’

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un ensemble cathode pour une cellule d'électrolyse de type Hall-Heroult pour la production d'aluminium, qui comprend un bloc de cathode fiché ou connecté à des barres de collecteur d'acier, des tiges de Cu ou une plaque de collecteur métallique, la surface de bloc de cathode comprend en partie un matériau composite résistant à l'usure de sorte que le bloc de cathode peut être conçu avec une hauteur inférieure, ce qui peut avoir de nombreux avantages. La présente invention concerne également un procédé de production de l'ensemble cathode.
PCT/EP2020/061497 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procédé de fabrication associé WO2021213672A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA3179900A CA3179900A1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procede de fabrication associe
NZ792374A NZ792374A (en) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Cathode assembly for a hall-heroult cell for aluminium production and method for making same
EP20725624.9A EP4139502B1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium
JP2022564130A JP2023530566A (ja) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 アルミニウム製造のためのホール・エルーセルにおけるカソードアセンブリ及びその作製方法
PL20725624.9T PL4139502T3 (pl) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Zespół katodowy dla ogniwa typu Halla-Héroulta w celu wytwarzania aluminium
PCT/EP2020/061497 WO2021213672A1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procédé de fabrication associé
AU2020443557A AU2020443557A1 (en) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Cathode assembly for a hall-heroult cell for aluminium production and method for making same
BR112022019157A BR112022019157A2 (pt) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Solução catódica para uma célula de eletrólise do tipo hall-héroult para a produção de alumínio, e, método para produzir uma solução catódica

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2020/061497 WO2021213672A1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2020-04-24 Ensemble cathode pour une cellule hall-heroult pour la production d'aluminium et procédé de fabrication associé

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WO2021213672A1 true WO2021213672A1 (fr) 2021-10-28

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EP (1) EP4139502B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2023530566A (fr)
AU (1) AU2020443557A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112022019157A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3179900A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ792374A (fr)
PL (1) PL4139502T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021213672A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4466995A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-08-21 Martin Marietta Corporation Control of ledge formation in aluminum cell operation
US4544524A (en) 1983-02-10 1985-10-01 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for manufacturing solid cathodes
US4624766A (en) * 1982-07-22 1986-11-25 Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation Aluminum wettable cathode material for use in aluminum reduction cell
WO2000036187A1 (fr) 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Alcan International Limited Structures de cathodes a plusieurs couches
WO2009099335A1 (fr) 2008-02-06 2009-08-13 Norsk Hydro Asa Électrode et son procédé de fabrication
DE102012201468A1 (de) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Sgl Carbon Se Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kathodenblocks für eine Aluminium-Elektrolysezelle und einen Kathodenblock
NO20180369A1 (en) 2018-03-14 2019-09-16 Norsk Hydro As Cathode elements for a Hall-Héroult cell for aluminium production and a cell of this type having such elements installed

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4466995A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-08-21 Martin Marietta Corporation Control of ledge formation in aluminum cell operation
US4624766A (en) * 1982-07-22 1986-11-25 Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation Aluminum wettable cathode material for use in aluminum reduction cell
US4544524A (en) 1983-02-10 1985-10-01 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for manufacturing solid cathodes
WO2000036187A1 (fr) 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Alcan International Limited Structures de cathodes a plusieurs couches
US6258224B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2001-07-10 Alcan International Limited Multi-layer cathode structures
WO2009099335A1 (fr) 2008-02-06 2009-08-13 Norsk Hydro Asa Électrode et son procédé de fabrication
DE102012201468A1 (de) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Sgl Carbon Se Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kathodenblocks für eine Aluminium-Elektrolysezelle und einen Kathodenblock
NO20180369A1 (en) 2018-03-14 2019-09-16 Norsk Hydro As Cathode elements for a Hall-Héroult cell for aluminium production and a cell of this type having such elements installed
WO2019174948A1 (fr) * 2018-03-14 2019-09-19 Norsk Hydro Asa Éléments de cathode pour une cellule de hall-héroult pour la production d'aluminium et cellule de ce type comportant de tels éléments installés

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EP4139502A1 (fr) 2023-03-01
PL4139502T3 (pl) 2024-07-22
AU2020443557A1 (en) 2022-11-03
JP2023530566A (ja) 2023-07-19
BR112022019157A2 (pt) 2022-11-08
CA3179900A1 (fr) 2021-10-28
EP4139502B1 (fr) 2024-03-13
NZ792374A (en) 2024-07-26

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