WO2021213646A1 - Radio resource control management - Google Patents
Radio resource control management Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021213646A1 WO2021213646A1 PCT/EP2020/061192 EP2020061192W WO2021213646A1 WO 2021213646 A1 WO2021213646 A1 WO 2021213646A1 EP 2020061192 W EP2020061192 W EP 2020061192W WO 2021213646 A1 WO2021213646 A1 WO 2021213646A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radio resource
- resource control
- user equipment
- control state
- node
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
- H04W76/27—Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
Definitions
- Various example embodiments relate to radio resource control (RRC) in wireless systems, and in particular controlling RRC state transition.
- RRC radio resource control
- Design of wireless device state machine is one of the central questions related to the overall control plane design.
- Two states, connected state for data transmission and power-saving/idle state, have been long used as radio resource control (RRC) states.
- RRC radio resource control
- RRC radio resource control
- inactive state reduced network signalling and reduced latency may be achieved.
- faster connection resume and start of data transfer can be achieved for a wireless device in such inactive state.
- Some services require very low latency and there is a need for further developing RRC state transition procedures.
- a method comprising: receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network, receiving a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment, and transmitting a response to the request on the basis of the received indication.
- a method comprising: authorizing an expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing a radio access network, and transmitting, to a second node of the radio access network, an indication of the authorized expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment.
- an apparatus comprising at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method of the first aspect or an embodiment thereof.
- an apparatus comprising means configured for performing the method of the first aspect or the second aspect, or an embodiment thereof.
- the apparatus of any of the aspects may be a radio access network device or for/comprised by a radio access network device.
- a computer program product, a computer readable medium, or a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing, when executed in a processor of an apparatus, the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of the above aspects or embodiments thereof.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates a network example in accordance with at least some embodiments
- FIGURES 2 and 3 illustrate methods in accordance with at least some example embodiments;
- FIGURE 4 illustrates radio resource control states;
- FIGURE 5 is a flow chart illustrating some example embodiments
- FIGURE 6 is a signalling example illustrating RRC state transition in accordance with some example embodiments.
- FIGURE 7 illustrates an example apparatus capable of supporting at least some embodiments.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified example system.
- a user equipment (UE) 10 communicates wirelessly with a wireless radio or access network portion or node, hereafter referred to as AN, 20, such as a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a Next Generation (NG) NodeB (gNB), a base station, an access point, or other suitable wireless/radio access network device or system.
- the UE 10 may attach or register to the AN 20 for wireless communications.
- the air interface between UE and AN may be configured in accordance with a Radio Access Technology, RAT, which both the UE 10 and AN 20 are configured to support.
- RAT Radio Access Technology
- Examples of cellular RATs include Long Term Evolution, LTE, New Radio, NR, which is also known as fifth generation, 5G, and MulteFire.
- examples of non-cellular RATs include Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX.
- Principles of the present disclosure are not limited to a specific RAT though.
- AN 20 may be a gNB, but in the context of another RAT, AN 20 may be another type of base station, access node or nodeB.
- the AN 20 may comprise one or more operationally and/or physically separate sub-units or nodes 22, 24, referred to below as nodes or logical RAN nodes.
- One of the nodes, in the present example (first) node 22, may be a node connected to further network(s), such as core network 30, and may control one or more other nodes 24.
- the controlling node 22 may be a central unit (CU) and the controlled node(s) 24 may be distributed unit(s) (DU), such as the gNB-CU and gNB-DU connected over FI interface of 3 GPP 5G RAN, respectively.
- DU distributed unit
- RRC is in the CU but below layers in the DU(s)
- MAC medium access control
- upper layers are in the CU but physical layer and RF in the DU(s).
- node 22 is referred to as CU 22 and node 24 as DU 24 in some of the below examples.
- the AN 20 may be connected, directly or via at least one intermediate node, with one or more devices or elements 32 of a core network 30, such as a Next Generation core network, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), or other network management element.
- the core network 30 may comprise a set of network functions.
- a network function may refer to an operational and/or physical entity.
- the element 32 may be a network function or be configured to perform one or more network functions.
- the network function may be a specific network node or element, or a specific function or set of functions carried out by one or more entities, such as virtual network elements. Examples of such network functions include an access control or management function, mobility management or control function, session management or control function, interworking, data management or storage function, authentication function or a combination of one or more of these functions.
- a 3GPP 5G core network comprises Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) which may be configured to terminate RAN control plane (N2) interface and perform registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, access authentication, access authorization, Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF), Security Context Management (SCM), and support for interface for non-3GPP access.
- AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
- N2 RAN control plane
- SEAF Security Anchor Functionality
- SCM Security Context Management
- the AMF is in charge i.a. for managing handovers between gNBs and initiating core-network paging by a paging message to a gNB.
- the core network 30 may be, in turn, coupled with another network (not shown), via which connectivity to further networks may be obtained, for example via a worldwide interconnection network.
- the AN 20 may be connected with at least one other AN as well via an inter-base station interface, particularly for supporting mobility of the UE 10, e.g. by 3GPP X2 or similar NG interface.
- the UE 10 may be referred to as a user device or wireless terminal in general.
- the term user equipment is to be understood broadly to cover various mobile/wireless terminal devices, mobile stations and user devices for user communication and/or machine to machine type communication.
- the UE 10 may be or be comprised by, for example, a smartphone, a cellular phone, a Machine-to-Machine, M2M, node, machine-type communications node, an Internet of Things, IoT, node, a car telemetry unit, a laptop computer, a tablet computer or, indeed, another kind of suitable user device or mobile station, i.e., a terminal.
- the apparatuses have been depicted as single entities, different units, processors and/or memory units (not all shown in Fig. 1) may be implemented inside these apparatuses, to enable the functioning thereof.
- the system may also be able to support the usage of cloud services, for example at least part of core network operations may be carried out as a cloud service.
- the communication system may also comprise a central control entity, or a like, providing facilities for networks of different operators to cooperate for example in spectrum sharing.
- Edge cloud may be brought into radio access network (RAN) by utilizing network function virtualization (NVF) and software defined networking (SDN).
- RAN radio access network
- NVF network function virtualization
- SDN software defined networking
- Using edge cloud may mean access node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or node operationally coupled to a remote radio head or base station comprising radio parts. It is also possible that node operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, nodes or hosts.
- One of the concepts for 5G networks is network slicing in which multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances) may be created within the same infrastructure to run services that have different requirements on latency, reliability, throughput and mobility.
- the depicted system is only an example of a part of a system and in practice, the system may comprise further access nodes, the user device may have an access to a plurality of radio cells and the system may comprise also other apparatuses, such as physical layer relay nodes or other core network functions or elements, etc.
- a cellular radio system may be implemented as a multilayer network including several kinds of cells, such as macrocells, microcells and picocells, for example.
- one access node provides one kind of a cell or cells, and thus a plurality of NodeBs are required to provide such a network structure.
- 5G may also utilize satellite communication to enhance or complement the coverage of 5G service, for example by providing backhauling.
- RRC INACTIVE radio resource control
- 3GPP NR Rel-15 complementing the existing states, RRC CONNECTED and RRC IDLE, with the goal of lean signalling and energy-efficient support of NR services.
- a UE is either in RRC CONNECTED state or in RRC INACTIVE state when an RRC connection has been established. If this is not the case, i.e. no RRC connection is established, the UE is in RRC IDLE state.
- the RRC INACTIVE state enables to quickly resume the RRC connection and start the transmission of small or sporadic data with a much lower initial access delay and associated signalling overhead as compared to the RRC IDLE state.
- the core network does not need to be contacted by the gNB to retrieve information about the UE to establish a new UE context at RAN.
- the new state reduces mobility signalling both to the RAN (e.g. RRC measurement reporting, handover messages) and to the core network (e.g. to/from the AMF) since connection management (CM) state of the UE is still CM-CONNECTED (instead of CM-IDLE in RRC IDLE state).
- CM connection management
- Fig. 2 is a flow graph of a method for radio resource control state management in accordance with at least some embodiments.
- the method may be performed by a (second) network node, such as the DU 24 (which is also referred to some further example embodiments), configured to communicate with another (first) node of a radio access network, or by a control device configured to control the functioning thereof, possibly when installed therein.
- a (second) network node such as the DU 24 (which is also referred to some further example embodiments)
- a control device configured to control the functioning thereof, possibly when installed therein.
- an action, such as transmitting, in a given block may refer to controlling or causing such action in another apparatus or unit.
- Block 200 comprises receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network.
- Block 210 comprises receiving a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment.
- Block 220 comprises transmitting a response to the request (to the user equipment) on the basis of the received indication.
- Fig. 3 is a flow graph of a method for controlling RRC state transition in accordance with at least some embodiments.
- the method may be performed by a (first) network node, such as the CU 22 (which is also referred to some further example embodiments), configured to communicate with another (second) node or by a control device configured to control the functioning thereof, possibly when installed therein.
- a (first) network node such as the CU 22 (which is also referred to some further example embodiments)
- a control device configured to control the functioning thereof, possibly when installed therein.
- an action, such as transmitting, in a given block may refer to controlling or causing such action in another apparatus or unit.
- Block 300 comprises authorizing an expedited RRC state change for a user equipment accessing a radio access network.
- Block 310 comprises transmitting, to a second node of the radio access network, an indication of the authorized expedited RRC state change for the user equipment. The indication of block 310 may be received in block 200 by the second node.
- the first network node/CU 22 may pre-determine and authorize that the subsequent RRC state transition may be expedited without further signaling for permission from the CU 22.
- the DU 24 may thus trigger the expedited RRC state change for the user equipment on the basis of the subsequent received request and the indication.
- the second network node/DU 24 may thus in or after block 220 directly accept the UE’s request for the state transition authorized by the indication.
- the present features enable to reduce signalling and delay for connection setup.
- the UE Context Setup procedure between the CU and DU may be avoided entirely.
- signalling of initial UL RRC massage transfer, UE context setup request, UE context setup response, and DL RRC message transfer may be avoided between the gNB-DU and gNB-CU in case of expedited RRC stage change upon RRC resume request from the UE.
- the CU may thus beforehand prioritize certain state transitions, e.g. selected UEs or services, and speed up their state transition and resume process.
- the expedited RRC state change may also be referred to as direct RRC state change or fast resume, for example, without involvement of further network nodes.
- the term user equipment is also defined broadly, not to be limited to 3GPP User Equipment.
- the (expedited) RRC state change may comprise a change from a first RRC state to a second RRC state.
- the first RRC state may be a power saving mode or state for the UE.
- the first RRC state may be a state in which RRC connection has been established.
- a radio resource configuration may be stored by the UE and the RAN during the first state.
- the radio resource configuration may be an RRC context, such as a UE (access stratum) context maintained by a last serving gNB.
- the second state may be a state in which there is a data and/or signaling bearer established for the UE.
- the first state may be an RRC inactive state, such as the 3GPP RRC INACTIVE state
- the second state may be an RRC connected state, such as the 3 GPP RRC CONNECTED state.
- the expedited RRC state change may comprise the gNB-DU directly triggering a change from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED, by transmitting RRC resume message in response to RRC resume request message from the UE.
- a third state which may be an idle mode or state, such as the RRC IDLE state, in which no RRC connection and UE context is maintained in the RAN. It is noted that instead of the term ‘state’, the term ‘mode’ may be used.
- the states are not limited to currently applied or known (RRC) states or modes, such as the 5G RRC states of Fig. 4.
- Idle, inactive and connected states may generally refer to three modes, where the inactive mode is an intermediate mode between the idle mode, which is the least active among the three modes, and the connected mode which is the most active among the three modes. There can be nevertheless also other activity modes in the system.
- the term idle mode may refer generally to a mode or state in which there are no radio resources reserved for active data transfer for the wireless device.
- the connected mode generally may refer to a mode or state in which radio resources are reserved for active data transfer for the wireless device.
- the inactive mode generally may refer to a mode or state in which more resources than in the idle mode but less than in the connected mode are reserved for active data transfer for the wireless device, but an RRC context or other UE information may be maintained in the network to facilitate faster mode change to the connected mode.
- Fig. 4 illustrates 3GPP 5G RRC states for which the methods may be applied.
- the apparatus performing the method of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be configured to control an RRC state machine as illustrated in Fig. 4 for a user equipment.
- UE Access Stratum (AS) context (may be referred to as UE Inactive AS Context), necessary for the quick resume of the RRC connection, is maintained both at the UE side and RAN side. It is noted that at the resume (from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED) the UE is identified by interactive radio network temporary identifier (I-RNTI).
- I-RNTI interactive radio network temporary identifier
- the UE (AS) context contains for instance bearer configuration parameters according to the latest RRC configuration and AS security context pointing to the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms and the AS keys.
- the UE is capable to derive the (short) MAC -I, to be used as an authentication token, and is included in the request message the UE in the RRC INACTIVE state sends to the network when it needs to send signalling or data, or in response to a paging message.
- the UE 10 When in the RRC IN ACTIVE, the UE 10 remains in CM-CONNECTED state and can move within an area configured by RAN without notifying RAN (i.e. within RNA) and using a unique identifier: the Inactive-RNTI (I-RNTI).
- the RNA can cover a single or multiple cell(s) and is contained within the CN registration area.
- the last serving gNB node keeps the UE context and the UE-associated NG connection with the serving AMF and UPF.
- a RAN-based Notification Area Update (RNAU) procedure is run for the UE periodically and when the UE re-selects to a cell that does not belong to the configured RNA.
- RNAU Notification Area Update
- the receiving gNB triggers a procedure (XnAP Retrieve UE Context procedure) to get the UE context from the last serving gNB.
- the receiving gNB then becomes the serving gNB and it further triggers the NGAP Path Switch Request.
- the UE While in RRC INACTIVE or RRC IDLE state, the UE is in a low power “sleep” mode to reduce battery consumption. It wakes up periodically based on a configured paging cycle value.
- Parameter ran-PagingCycle in SuspendConfig information element controls the paging cycle while the UE is in the RRC INACTIVE state and the parameter defaultPagingCycle in the PCCH-Config information element controls the paging cycle while the mobile is in RRC IDLE state.
- paging is initiated by NG-RAN (RAN paging via I-RNTI) or CN (CN-initiated paging via ng-5G-S-TMSI).
- NG-RAN RAN paging via I-RNTI
- CN CN-initiated paging via ng-5G-S-TMSI
- the CN may initiate RNA update, when an associated timer expires, and thus also trigger state change.
- DCI downlink control information
- P-RNTI paging-RNTI
- the paging message itself can include a UE identifier, the ng-5G-S-TMSI or I-RNTI.
- the UE 10 may receive a paging message addressed to a temporary radio network identifier assigned during the first state, such as the I-RNTI.
- the UE may transmit, in response to the paging message, a paging response message comprising a core network paging identifier, or another information element, to indicate the transition to the second state.
- the UE may transmit, in response to the paging message and in response to an access context, such as the 3 GPP UE (AS) context, being available, a paging response message comprising the temporary radio network identifier.
- an access context such as the 3 GPP UE (AS) context
- the CU 22 may be configured to perform the method of Fig. 3 while the UE is in the second RRC state, such as the RRC CONNECTED state.
- the method may be triggered in response to a need to perform state transition for the UE 10 from the second RRC state to the first RRC state, such as the RRC INACTFVE state.
- the method may be performed in connection with triggering such change by the CU 22.
- the response in block 220 may be indicative of the request and the requested RRC state change being authorized or accepted, in which case the UE 10 continues with the RRC state change.
- the DU 24 may be configured to further perform after block 220: receiving an RRC state change complete message from the user equipment, activating or reactivating one or more radio bearers for the UE in response to the received RRC state change complete message, and - transmitting the RRC state change complete message to the CU 22.
- the CU 22 may thus receive, after block 310 and the expedited RRC state triggered by the DU 24, the RRC state change complete message, such as the RRC resume complete message, from the DU 24.
- the CU 22 may thus update RRC state of the UE 10 in accordance with the change, and may communicate with a core network entity, such as the AMF, similarly as with CU-triggered (non-expedited) RRC state change.
- check(s) may be intermediate blocks between blocks 210 and 220 and/or before block 300. Such check(s) may be performed by the DU 24 in response to the received indication authorizing the expedited state change. Some examples of such checks are illustrated below.
- the authorization may be UE and/or subscriber specific, and based on UE and/or subscriber information.
- the DU 24 may receive an identifier of or associated with the user equipment with the indication from the CU 22.
- the DU 24 may control the expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment on the basis of the indication in response to the identifier from the first node matching with an identifier in the request.
- the DU 24 may define 510, on the basis of checking 500 contents of the received request, such as a cause value, and the indication, if the expedited RRC state change is allowed, applicable or admitted for the UE 10. Based on the definition, the DU 24 may trigger 520 the expedited RRC state change by the response. Alternatively, the DU 24 may forward 530 the request to the CU 22.
- An example of such cause value is a paging area update.
- the request is thus forwarded 530 to the CU 22 in response to detecting that the cause value of the request indicates paging area update.
- the DU 24 proceeds with non- expedited handling and forwards the message to CU rather than reply directly to the UE 10.
- RNA radio access network based notification area
- the DU 24 may forward the request to the CU 22.
- gNB-CU may forward the request without CellGroupConfig information element.
- the gNB-CU may detect failed admission control in response to the missing CellGroupConfig.
- a time period threshold which may be dependent on the reception 200 of the indication from the CU 22, may be monitored for defining if the expedited RRC state change may be triggered.
- the DU 24 may be configured to trigger the expedited RRC state change before expiration of an associated time period.
- the DU 24 may check for the time period threshold in response to receiving 210 the request from the UE.
- the expedited radio resource state change may be triggered by the response 220 in response to the time period threshold (for non-expedited RRC state transition) not being met, e.g. an associated time limit not being expired.
- the request may be forwarded to the CU 22.
- An already applied or a new timer may be applied for this purpose.
- the DU 24 may execute the expedited RRC state transition if it has occurred within a pre-defmed time period, such as within minimum configurable RNA update period of e.g. 5 minutes. If it falls beyond that period, the DU 24 may proceed with the non-expedited handling and forward the request to CU 22 rather than reply directly to the UE 10.
- the DU 24 may be configured to disable consideration of the expedited RRC state change (or expedited RRC state change mode) in response to lifetime associated with the indication from CU 22 being expired, and thus directly forward the request to CU 22.
- the CU 22 may be configured to perform an admission control procedure for the UE to determine whether to authorize 300 the expedited RRC state change. This may comprise checking one or more identifiers of, or associated with the UE and comparing to a predefined list of authorized or non-authorized list of identifiers, and/or checking authorization or access control parameters associated with one or more of subscription data, service data, equipment data, or network data.
- the admission control is based one or more of: type of service for the UE, such as Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), type of the UE, e.g. predefined UE model(s) or identified s), type of subscription associated with the UE, e.g. public safety, law enforcement, a network slice, such as type of slice (e.g. emergency) associated with the second node, or non-public network (NPN) based services or services restricted to a defined set of users.
- type of service for the UE such as Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC)
- type of the UE e.g. predefined UE model(s) or identified s
- type of subscription associated with the UE e.g. public safety, law enforcement
- a network slice such as type of slice (e.g. emergency) associated with the second node, or non-public network (NPN) based services or services restricted to a defined set of users.
- NPN non-public network
- the CU 22 may provide also further information for the DU 24 to perform the expedited RRC state transition.
- the CU 22 may be configured to generate or indicate a pre-encoded message for the DU 24 to respond to a request for RRC state change from the UE.
- Such pre-encoded message may be transmitted or indicated by a message comprising the indication of block 310 and 200.
- the DU 24 may store the pre encoded message or indication, and generate the response for block 220 based on the stored pre-encoded message or indication thereof.
- the indication of block 220, 310 may be an information element included in an existing or new signaling message.
- the indication may be included in an RRC state change control message.
- the indication may be included in a UE context release command.
- the request of block 210 is or comprises RRC resume request and the response of block 220 is or comprises RRC resume.
- Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling example for a 3GPP 5G NR system.
- gNB-CU authorizes expedited RRC state transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED for the UE on the basis of an admission control operation. This may be performed in connection with or after determining that state transition from the RRC CONNECTED to the RRC INACTIVE for the UE.
- the gNB-CU generates and transmits UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND 600 to the gNB-DU serving the UE.
- the command 600 comprises an indication for the gNB-DU that this UE is target for expedited RRC state change for the following RRC state transition.
- the gNB-CU may indicate in the command 600 that the gNB-DU can execute direct RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED state transition. This can be made explicitly or implicitly.
- the gNB-CU may pre-allocate a “gNB-CU UE F1AP ID” identifier for the UE being sent to RRC INACTIVE state and include it in the command 600.
- the gNB-CU may generate RRCRelease message towards the UE, in response to which the UE transitions to the RRC INACTIVE state.
- the RRC message may be encapsulated in the command 600.
- the gNB-DU may transmit or forward the RRCRelease (not shown) to the UE upon the command 600 and respond to the gNB-CU with UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE 602.
- the UE in the RRC INACTIVE state detects a need to resume RRC connection and transition to the RRC CONNECTED. This may be due to an incoming paging message or data in transmission buffer, for example.
- the UE transmits RRC RESUME REQUEST 604 to the gNB-DU.
- the gNB-DU receives the RRC RESUME REQUEST 604 from the UE, it may define if the state transition is allowed for the UE (by applying at least some of the embodiments illustrated above). In the present example, the state change is allowed, and the gNB-DU triggers the state transition by transmitting the RRC RESUME 606 to the UE.
- the gNB- DU may restore the SRBs and DRBs and forward the RRC message in UL RRC MESSAGE TRANSFER 610 to the gNB-CU. This completes the UE context re-activation, and the FI UE Context Setup procedure is no longer needed.
- the gNB-CU may update the RRC state for the UE.
- the gNB-CU may then continue processing the UE change as with non- expedited RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED state transition, and transmit an initial UE message to the AMF.
- An electronic device comprising electronic circuitries may be an apparatus for realizing at least some embodiments of the present invention.
- the apparatus may be or may be comprised in a computer, a base station, access point device, a radio access network element or node, a radio access network controller, or any other apparatus capable for controlling radio resource control state changes.
- the apparatus carrying out the above-described functionalities is comprised in such a device, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a circuitry, such as a chip, a chipset, a microcontroller, or a combination of such circuitries in any one of the above-described devices.
- Fig. 7 illustrates an example apparatus capable of supporting at least some embodiments of the present invention. Illustrated is a device 700, which may comprise a communications device arranged to operate as the CU 22 or DU 24, for example.
- the device may include one or more controllers configured to carry out operations in accordance with at least some of the embodiments illustrated above, such as some or more of the features illustrated above in connection with Figs. 2 to 6.
- the device may be configured to operate as the apparatus configured to perform the method of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3, or embodiments thereof, for example.
- a processor 702 which may comprise, for example, a single- or multi-core processor wherein a single-core processor comprises one processing core and a multi-core processor comprises more than one processing core.
- the processor 702 may comprise more than one processor.
- the processor may comprise at least one application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC.
- the processor may comprise at least one field-programmable gate array, FPGA.
- the processor may be means for performing method steps in the device.
- the processor may be configured, at least in part by computer instructions, to perform actions.
- a processor may comprise circuitry, or be constituted as circuitry or circuitries, the circuitry or circuitries being configured to perform phases of methods in accordance with embodiments described herein.
- circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as, as applicable: (i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
- firmware firmware
- circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
- circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
- the device 700 may comprise memory 704.
- the memory may comprise random-access memory and/or permanent memory.
- the memory may comprise at least one RAM chip.
- the memory may comprise solid-state, magnetic, optical and/or holographic memory, for example.
- the memory may be at least in part accessible to the processor 702.
- the memory may be at least in part comprised in the processor 702.
- the memory 704 may be means for storing information.
- the memory may comprise computer instructions that the processor is configured to execute. When computer instructions configured to cause the processor to perform certain actions are stored in the memory, and the device in overall is configured to run under the direction of the processor using computer instructions from the memory, the processor and/or its at least one processing core may be considered to be configured to perform said certain actions.
- the memory may be at least in part comprised in the processor.
- the memory may be at least in part external to the device 700 but accessible to the device.
- control parameters affecting controlling operations illustrated in connection with Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be stored in one or more portions of the memory and used to control operation of the apparatus.
- the memory may comprise other control parameters and device-specific cryptographic information.
- the device 700 may comprise a transmitter 706.
- the device may comprise a receiver 708.
- the transmitter and the receiver may be configured to transmit and receive, respectively, information in accordance with at least one wired or wireless, cellular or non- cellular standard.
- the transmitter may comprise more than one transmitter.
- the receiver may comprise more than one receiver.
- the transmitter and/or receiver may be configured to operate in accordance with global system for mobile communication, GSM, wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA, long term evolution, LTE, 5G or other cellular communications systems, WLAN, and/or Ethernet standards, for example.
- the device 700 may comprise a near-field communication, NFC, transceiver 710.
- the NFC transceiver may support at least one NFC technology, such as NFC, Bluetooth, Wibree or similar technologies.
- the device 700 may comprise user interface, UI, 712.
- the UI may comprise at least one of a display, a keyboard, a touchscreen, a vibrator arranged to signal to a user by causing the device to vibrate, a speaker and a microphone.
- a user may be able to operate the device via the UI, for example to control and configure operation of the device 700, and manage digital files stored in the memory 704 or on a cloud accessible via the transmitter 706 and the receiver 708.
- the device 700 may comprise or be arranged to accept a memory module 714.
- the memory module may comprise, for example, a personal identification IC card installable in the device 700 and/or configuration/installation data for in the device 700.
- the processor 702 may be furnished with a transmitter arranged to output information from the processor, via electrical leads internal to the device 700, to other devices comprised in the device.
- a transmitter may comprise a serial bus transmitter arranged to, for example, output information via at least one electrical lead to memory 704 for storage therein.
- the transmitter may comprise a parallel bus transmitter.
- the processor may comprise a receiver arranged to receive information in the processor, via electrical leads internal to the device 700, from other devices comprised in the device 700.
- a receiver may comprise a serial bus receiver arranged to, for example, receive information via at least one electrical lead from the receiver 708 for processing in the processor.
- the receiver may comprise a parallel bus receiver.
- the device 700 may comprise further devices not illustrated in Fig. 7.
- the device may comprise further processor or memory units.
- the device lacks at least one device described above.
- some devices may lack the NFC transceiver 710 and/or the memory module 714.
- the processor 702, the memory 704, the transmitter 706, the receiver 708, the NFC transceiver 710, the UI 712 and/or the user identity module 714 may be interconnected by electrical leads internal to the device 700 in a multitude of different ways.
- each of the aforementioned devices may be separately connected to a master bus internal to the device, to allow for the devices to exchange information.
- this is only one example and depending on the embodiment various ways of interconnecting at least two of the aforementioned devices may be selected without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- references throughout this specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
- a plurality of items, structural elements, compositional elements, and/or functional features may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member.
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Abstract
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network, receiving a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment, and transmitting a response to the request on the basis of the received indication.
Description
RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL MANAGEMENT
FIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to radio resource control (RRC) in wireless systems, and in particular controlling RRC state transition.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Various measures have been developed for saving power for wireless devices. Allowing wireless devices to enter a low-power state when they are not transmitting or receiving data has always been an important part of achieving a balance between adequate communication performance and acceptable battery consumption. Improved connection, state and mobility handling are key elements of efficient support for current and future generation use cases with a growing number, as well as new types such as devices for machine-type communications (MTC), of wireless devices.
[0003] Design of wireless device state machine is one of the central questions related to the overall control plane design. Two states, connected state for data transmission and power-saving/idle state, have been long used as radio resource control (RRC) states. With introduction of a third state, inactive state, reduced network signalling and reduced latency may be achieved. In response to a paging message from the network, faster connection resume and start of data transfer can be achieved for a wireless device in such inactive state. Some services require very low latency and there is a need for further developing RRC state transition procedures.
SUMMARY
[0004] According to some aspects, there is provided the subject-matter of the independent claims. Some embodiments for some or all of the aspects are defined in the dependent claims.
[0005] According to a first aspect, there is provided a method, comprising: receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network, receiving a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment, and transmitting a response to the request on the basis of the received indication.
[0006] According to a second aspect, there is provided a method, comprising: authorizing an expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing a radio access network, and transmitting, to a second node of the radio access network, an indication of the authorized expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment.
[0007] According to a third aspect, there is provided an apparatus, comprising at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method of the first aspect or an embodiment thereof.
[0008] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided an apparatus, comprising means configured for performing the method of the first aspect or the second aspect, or an embodiment thereof. The apparatus of any of the aspects may be a radio access network device or for/comprised by a radio access network device. [0009] According to a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer program product, a computer readable medium, or a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing, when executed in a processor of an apparatus, the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of the above aspects or embodiments thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIGURE 1 illustrates a network example in accordance with at least some embodiments;
[0011] FIGURES 2 and 3 illustrate methods in accordance with at least some example embodiments;
[0012] FIGURE 4 illustrates radio resource control states;
[0013] FIGURE 5 is a flow chart illustrating some example embodiments;
[0014] FIGURE 6 is a signalling example illustrating RRC state transition in accordance with some example embodiments; and [0015] FIGURE 7 illustrates an example apparatus capable of supporting at least some embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] Fig. 1 illustrates a simplified example system. A user equipment (UE) 10 communicates wirelessly with a wireless radio or access network portion or node, hereafter referred to as AN, 20, such as a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a Next Generation (NG) NodeB (gNB), a base station, an access point, or other suitable wireless/radio access network device or system.
[0017] The UE 10 may attach or register to the AN 20 for wireless communications. The air interface between UE and AN may be configured in accordance with a Radio Access Technology, RAT, which both the UE 10 and AN 20 are configured to support.
[0018] Examples of cellular RATs include Long Term Evolution, LTE, New Radio, NR, which is also known as fifth generation, 5G, and MulteFire. On the other hand, examples of non-cellular RATs include Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX. Principles of the present disclosure are not limited to a specific RAT though. For example, in the context of NR, AN 20 may be a gNB, but in the context of another RAT, AN 20 may be another type of base station, access node or nodeB.
[0019] The AN 20 may comprise one or more operationally and/or physically separate sub-units or nodes 22, 24, referred to below as nodes or logical RAN nodes. One of the nodes, in the present example (first) node 22, may be a node connected to further network(s), such as core network 30, and may control one or more other nodes 24. The controlling node 22 may be a central unit (CU) and the controlled node(s) 24 may be distributed unit(s) (DU), such as the gNB-CU and gNB-DU connected over FI interface of 3 GPP 5G RAN, respectively. There are a plurality of options on how gNB functions may be split between the gNB-CU and gNB-DU. For example, in one option, RRC is in the CU but below layers
in the DU(s), and in another option medium access control (MAC) and upper layers are in the CU but physical layer and RF in the DU(s). Without limitation to the 3GPP system, node 22 is referred to as CU 22 and node 24 as DU 24 in some of the below examples.
[0020] The AN 20 may be connected, directly or via at least one intermediate node, with one or more devices or elements 32 of a core network 30, such as a Next Generation core network, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), or other network management element. The core network 30 may comprise a set of network functions. A network function may refer to an operational and/or physical entity. For example, the element 32 may be a network function or be configured to perform one or more network functions. The network function may be a specific network node or element, or a specific function or set of functions carried out by one or more entities, such as virtual network elements. Examples of such network functions include an access control or management function, mobility management or control function, session management or control function, interworking, data management or storage function, authentication function or a combination of one or more of these functions.
[0021] For example, a 3GPP 5G core network comprises Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) which may be configured to terminate RAN control plane (N2) interface and perform registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, access authentication, access authorization, Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF), Security Context Management (SCM), and support for interface for non-3GPP access. The AMF is in charge i.a. for managing handovers between gNBs and initiating core-network paging by a paging message to a gNB.
[0022] The core network 30 may be, in turn, coupled with another network (not shown), via which connectivity to further networks may be obtained, for example via a worldwide interconnection network. The AN 20 may be connected with at least one other AN as well via an inter-base station interface, particularly for supporting mobility of the UE 10, e.g. by 3GPP X2 or similar NG interface.
[0023] The UE 10 may be referred to as a user device or wireless terminal in general. Hence, without limiting to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) User Equipment, the term user equipment is to be understood broadly to cover various mobile/wireless terminal devices, mobile stations and user devices for user communication and/or machine to machine type communication. The UE 10 may be or be comprised by, for example, a smartphone, a cellular phone, a Machine-to-Machine, M2M, node, machine-type
communications node, an Internet of Things, IoT, node, a car telemetry unit, a laptop computer, a tablet computer or, indeed, another kind of suitable user device or mobile station, i.e., a terminal.
[0024] Additionally, although the apparatuses have been depicted as single entities, different units, processors and/or memory units (not all shown in Fig. 1) may be implemented inside these apparatuses, to enable the functioning thereof. The system may also be able to support the usage of cloud services, for example at least part of core network operations may be carried out as a cloud service. The communication system may also comprise a central control entity, or a like, providing facilities for networks of different operators to cooperate for example in spectrum sharing.
[0025] Edge cloud may be brought into radio access network (RAN) by utilizing network function virtualization (NVF) and software defined networking (SDN). Using edge cloud may mean access node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or node operationally coupled to a remote radio head or base station comprising radio parts. It is also possible that node operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, nodes or hosts. One of the concepts for 5G networks is network slicing in which multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances) may be created within the same infrastructure to run services that have different requirements on latency, reliability, throughput and mobility.
[0026] It is obvious for a person skilled in the art that the depicted system is only an example of a part of a system and in practice, the system may comprise further access nodes, the user device may have an access to a plurality of radio cells and the system may comprise also other apparatuses, such as physical layer relay nodes or other core network functions or elements, etc. A cellular radio system may be implemented as a multilayer network including several kinds of cells, such as macrocells, microcells and picocells, for example. Typically, in multilayer networks, one access node provides one kind of a cell or cells, and thus a plurality of NodeBs are required to provide such a network structure. 5G may also utilize satellite communication to enhance or complement the coverage of 5G service, for example by providing backhauling.
[0027] With reference to radio resource control (RRC) states of 5G NR illustrated in Fig. 4, a new independent RRC state, referred to as RRC INACTIVE, is introduced in 3GPP NR Rel-15 complementing the existing states, RRC CONNECTED and RRC IDLE, with
the goal of lean signalling and energy-efficient support of NR services. A UE is either in RRC CONNECTED state or in RRC INACTIVE state when an RRC connection has been established. If this is not the case, i.e. no RRC connection is established, the UE is in RRC IDLE state. The RRC INACTIVE state enables to quickly resume the RRC connection and start the transmission of small or sporadic data with a much lower initial access delay and associated signalling overhead as compared to the RRC IDLE state. As UE context is still stored in the gNB in the RRC IN ACTIVE state, and when the UE resumes from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED, the core network does not need to be contacted by the gNB to retrieve information about the UE to establish a new UE context at RAN.
[0028] As compared to keeping the UE 10 in RRC CONNECTED state, the new state reduces mobility signalling both to the RAN (e.g. RRC measurement reporting, handover messages) and to the core network (e.g. to/from the AMF) since connection management (CM) state of the UE is still CM-CONNECTED (instead of CM-IDLE in RRC IDLE state).
[0029] For RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED state transitions (other than signalling only connections), current 3GPP specifications mandate an FI exchange between CU and DU to Setup a UE Bearer Context.
[0030] There are now provided improvements facilitating to improve performance delay-critical services requiring very fast setup time and have very tight delay constraints, such as emergency services.
[0031] Fig. 2 is a flow graph of a method for radio resource control state management in accordance with at least some embodiments. The method may be performed by a (second) network node, such as the DU 24 (which is also referred to some further example embodiments), configured to communicate with another (first) node of a radio access network, or by a control device configured to control the functioning thereof, possibly when installed therein. It is to be noted that an action, such as transmitting, in a given block may refer to controlling or causing such action in another apparatus or unit.
[0032] Block 200 comprises receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network. Block 210 comprises receiving a request for radio
resource control state change from the user equipment. Block 220 comprises transmitting a response to the request (to the user equipment) on the basis of the received indication.
[0033] Fig. 3 is a flow graph of a method for controlling RRC state transition in accordance with at least some embodiments. The method may be performed by a (first) network node, such as the CU 22 (which is also referred to some further example embodiments), configured to communicate with another (second) node or by a control device configured to control the functioning thereof, possibly when installed therein. It is to be noted that an action, such as transmitting, in a given block may refer to controlling or causing such action in another apparatus or unit.
[0034] Block 300 comprises authorizing an expedited RRC state change for a user equipment accessing a radio access network. Block 310 comprises transmitting, to a second node of the radio access network, an indication of the authorized expedited RRC state change for the user equipment. The indication of block 310 may be received in block 200 by the second node.
[0035] Thus, the first network node/CU 22 may pre-determine and authorize that the subsequent RRC state transition may be expedited without further signaling for permission from the CU 22. The DU 24 may thus trigger the expedited RRC state change for the user equipment on the basis of the subsequent received request and the indication. The second network node/DU 24 may thus in or after block 220 directly accept the UE’s request for the state transition authorized by the indication.
[0036] The present features enable to reduce signalling and delay for connection setup. The UE Context Setup procedure between the CU and DU may be avoided entirely. For example, in case of 3GPP 5G RAN, signalling of initial UL RRC massage transfer, UE context setup request, UE context setup response, and DL RRC message transfer may be avoided between the gNB-DU and gNB-CU in case of expedited RRC stage change upon RRC resume request from the UE. The CU may thus beforehand prioritize certain state transitions, e.g. selected UEs or services, and speed up their state transition and resume process.
[0037] The expedited RRC state change may also be referred to as direct RRC state change or fast resume, for example, without involvement of further network nodes. The term user equipment is also defined broadly, not to be limited to 3GPP User Equipment.
[0038] The (expedited) RRC state change may comprise a change from a first RRC state to a second RRC state. The first RRC state may be a power saving mode or state for the UE. The first RRC state may be a state in which RRC connection has been established. A radio resource configuration may be stored by the UE and the RAN during the first state. The radio resource configuration may be an RRC context, such as a UE (access stratum) context maintained by a last serving gNB. The second state may be a state in which there is a data and/or signaling bearer established for the UE. For example, the first state may be an RRC inactive state, such as the 3GPP RRC INACTIVE state, and/or the second state may be an RRC connected state, such as the 3 GPP RRC CONNECTED state. In 3 GPP 5G RAN the expedited RRC state change may comprise the gNB-DU directly triggering a change from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED, by transmitting RRC resume message in response to RRC resume request message from the UE.
[0039] There may be a third state, which may be an idle mode or state, such as the RRC IDLE state, in which no RRC connection and UE context is maintained in the RAN. It is noted that instead of the term ‘state’, the term ‘mode’ may be used. The states are not limited to currently applied or known (RRC) states or modes, such as the 5G RRC states of Fig. 4.
[0040] Idle, inactive and connected states may generally refer to three modes, where the inactive mode is an intermediate mode between the idle mode, which is the least active among the three modes, and the connected mode which is the most active among the three modes. There can be nevertheless also other activity modes in the system. For example, the term idle mode may refer generally to a mode or state in which there are no radio resources reserved for active data transfer for the wireless device. The connected mode generally may refer to a mode or state in which radio resources are reserved for active data transfer for the wireless device. The inactive mode generally may refer to a mode or state in which more resources than in the idle mode but less than in the connected mode are reserved for active data transfer for the wireless device, but an RRC context or other UE information may be maintained in the network to facilitate faster mode change to the connected mode.
[0041] In some embodiments, at least some of the presently disclosed features are applied for 5G NR systems, further such example embodiments being illustrated below. Fig. 4 illustrates 3GPP 5G RRC states for which the methods may be applied. The apparatus
performing the method of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be configured to control an RRC state machine as illustrated in Fig. 4 for a user equipment.
[0042] When the UE 10 is moved to RRC INACTIVE via an RRC Connection Suspend message, UE Access Stratum (AS) context (may be referred to as UE Inactive AS Context), necessary for the quick resume of the RRC connection, is maintained both at the UE side and RAN side. It is noted that at the resume (from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED) the UE is identified by interactive radio network temporary identifier (I-RNTI). The UE (AS) context contains for instance bearer configuration parameters according to the latest RRC configuration and AS security context pointing to the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms and the AS keys. Based on the latter, the UE is capable to derive the (short) MAC -I, to be used as an authentication token, and is included in the request message the UE in the RRC INACTIVE state sends to the network when it needs to send signalling or data, or in response to a paging message.
[0043] When in the RRC IN ACTIVE, the UE 10 remains in CM-CONNECTED state and can move within an area configured by RAN without notifying RAN (i.e. within RNA) and using a unique identifier: the Inactive-RNTI (I-RNTI). The RNA can cover a single or multiple cell(s) and is contained within the CN registration area. In RRC INACTIVE, the last serving gNB node keeps the UE context and the UE-associated NG connection with the serving AMF and UPF. A RAN-based Notification Area Update (RNAU) procedure is run for the UE periodically and when the UE re-selects to a cell that does not belong to the configured RNA. If the UE accesses a gNB other than the last serving gNB, the receiving gNB triggers a procedure (XnAP Retrieve UE Context procedure) to get the UE context from the last serving gNB. The receiving gNB then becomes the serving gNB and it further triggers the NGAP Path Switch Request.
[0044] While in RRC INACTIVE or RRC IDLE state, the UE is in a low power “sleep” mode to reduce battery consumption. It wakes up periodically based on a configured paging cycle value. Parameter ran-PagingCycle in SuspendConfig information element controls the paging cycle while the UE is in the RRC INACTIVE state and the parameter defaultPagingCycle in the PCCH-Config information element controls the paging cycle while the mobile is in RRC IDLE state.
[0045] While in RRC INACTIVE the UE 10 monitors paging channels for RAN- initiated paging, and in RRC IDLE, the UE monitors the paging channels for CN-initiated paging (3GPP 38.300). Thus, paging is initiated by NG-RAN (RAN paging via I-RNTI) or CN (CN-initiated paging via ng-5G-S-TMSI). The CN may initiate RNA update, when an
associated timer expires, and thus also trigger state change. In both cases, downlink control information (DCI) indicating the presence of the paging message may be scrambled with paging-RNTI (P-RNTI), whereas the paging message itself can include a UE identifier, the ng-5G-S-TMSI or I-RNTI.
[0046] While in RRC IN ACTIVE, the UE 10 may receive a paging message addressed to a temporary radio network identifier assigned during the first state, such as the I-RNTI. The UE may transmit, in response to the paging message, a paging response message comprising a core network paging identifier, or another information element, to indicate the transition to the second state. Alternatively, the UE may transmit, in response to the paging message and in response to an access context, such as the 3 GPP UE (AS) context, being available, a paging response message comprising the temporary radio network identifier.
[0047] The CU 22 may be configured to perform the method of Fig. 3 while the UE is in the second RRC state, such as the RRC CONNECTED state. The method may be triggered in response to a need to perform state transition for the UE 10 from the second RRC state to the first RRC state, such as the RRC INACTFVE state. The method may be performed in connection with triggering such change by the CU 22.
[0048] The response in block 220 may be indicative of the request and the requested RRC state change being authorized or accepted, in which case the UE 10 continues with the RRC state change. The DU 24 may be configured to further perform after block 220: receiving an RRC state change complete message from the user equipment, activating or reactivating one or more radio bearers for the UE in response to the received RRC state change complete message, and - transmitting the RRC state change complete message to the CU 22.
[0049] The CU 22 may thus receive, after block 310 and the expedited RRC state triggered by the DU 24, the RRC state change complete message, such as the RRC resume complete message, from the DU 24. The CU 22 may thus update RRC state of the UE 10 in accordance with the change, and may communicate with a core network entity, such as the AMF, similarly as with CU-triggered (non-expedited) RRC state change.
[0050] There may be one or more further checks or criteria by the CU 22 and/or DU 24 for defining if the expedited RRC change is allowed for the UE 10. Such check(s) may be intermediate blocks between blocks 210 and 220 and/or before block 300. Such check(s)
may be performed by the DU 24 in response to the received indication authorizing the expedited state change. Some examples of such checks are illustrated below.
[0051] The authorization may be UE and/or subscriber specific, and based on UE and/or subscriber information. For example, the DU 24 may receive an identifier of or associated with the user equipment with the indication from the CU 22. The DU 24 may control the expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment on the basis of the indication in response to the identifier from the first node matching with an identifier in the request.
[0052] With reference to Fig. 5, the DU 24 may define 510, on the basis of checking 500 contents of the received request, such as a cause value, and the indication, if the expedited RRC state change is allowed, applicable or admitted for the UE 10. Based on the definition, the DU 24 may trigger 520 the expedited RRC state change by the response. Alternatively, the DU 24 may forward 530 the request to the CU 22.
[0053] An example of such cause value is a paging area update. Instead of triggering 520 the expedited RRC state change, the request is thus forwarded 530 to the CU 22 in response to detecting that the cause value of the request indicates paging area update. For example, in case of an RRC resume request message due to an radio access network based notification area (RNA) update (cause = rna-Update), the DU 24 proceeds with non- expedited handling and forwards the message to CU rather than reply directly to the UE 10. When a 3GPP 5G UE is in the RRC INACTIVE state (and CM-Connected state), it will transmit a periodic RNA update to the RAN, or the RNA update may be triggered by the CN by paging.
[0054] If admission control for the requested RRC state change by the DU 24 fails, the DU 24 may forward the request to the CU 22. In an example embodiment, gNB-CU may forward the request without CellGroupConfig information element. The gNB-CU may detect failed admission control in response to the missing CellGroupConfig.
[0055] A time period threshold, which may be dependent on the reception 200 of the indication from the CU 22, may be monitored for defining if the expedited RRC state change may be triggered. The DU 24 may be configured to trigger the expedited RRC state change before expiration of an associated time period. The DU 24 may check for the time period threshold in response to receiving 210 the request from the UE. The expedited radio resource state change may be triggered by the response 220 in response to the time period threshold (for non-expedited RRC state transition) not being met, e.g. an associated time limit not
being expired. Alternatively, in response to the time period threshold being met, the request may be forwarded to the CU 22. An already applied or a new timer may be applied for this purpose. For example, the DU 24 may execute the expedited RRC state transition if it has occurred within a pre-defmed time period, such as within minimum configurable RNA update period of e.g. 5 minutes. If it falls beyond that period, the DU 24 may proceed with the non-expedited handling and forward the request to CU 22 rather than reply directly to the UE 10. In another example, the DU 24 may be configured to disable consideration of the expedited RRC state change (or expedited RRC state change mode) in response to lifetime associated with the indication from CU 22 being expired, and thus directly forward the request to CU 22.
[0056] The CU 22 may be configured to perform an admission control procedure for the UE to determine whether to authorize 300 the expedited RRC state change. This may comprise checking one or more identifiers of, or associated with the UE and comparing to a predefined list of authorized or non-authorized list of identifiers, and/or checking authorization or access control parameters associated with one or more of subscription data, service data, equipment data, or network data.
[0057] In some example embodiments, the admission control is based one or more of: type of service for the UE, such as Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), type of the UE, e.g. predefined UE model(s) or identified s), type of subscription associated with the UE, e.g. public safety, law enforcement, a network slice, such as type of slice (e.g. emergency) associated with the second node, or non-public network (NPN) based services or services restricted to a defined set of users.
[0058] It is to be appreciated that above only some examples of checks and criteria for defining or deciding the allowability or authorization for expedited RRC state change were illustrated, and various other checks or criteria may be additionally or instead be applied. [0059] In addition to the indication, the CU 22 may provide also further information for the DU 24 to perform the expedited RRC state transition. In an example embodiment,
the CU 22 may be configured to generate or indicate a pre-encoded message for the DU 24 to respond to a request for RRC state change from the UE. Such pre-encoded message may be transmitted or indicated by a message comprising the indication of block 310 and 200. Upon receiving the pre-encoded message or indication thereof, the DU 24 may store the pre encoded message or indication, and generate the response for block 220 based on the stored pre-encoded message or indication thereof.
[0060] The indication of block 220, 310 may be an information element included in an existing or new signaling message. The indication may be included in an RRC state change control message. In an example embodiment, the indication may be included in a UE context release command. In an example embodiment, the request of block 210 is or comprises RRC resume request and the response of block 220 is or comprises RRC resume. [0061] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling example for a 3GPP 5G NR system. During RRC CONNECTED state, gNB-CU authorizes expedited RRC state transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED for the UE on the basis of an admission control operation. This may be performed in connection with or after determining that state transition from the RRC CONNECTED to the RRC INACTIVE for the UE.
[0062] The gNB-CU generates and transmits UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND 600 to the gNB-DU serving the UE. The command 600 comprises an indication for the gNB-DU that this UE is target for expedited RRC state change for the following RRC state transition. The gNB-CU may indicate in the command 600 that the gNB-DU can execute direct RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED state transition. This can be made explicitly or implicitly. The gNB-CU may pre-allocate a “gNB-CU UE F1AP ID” identifier for the UE being sent to RRC INACTIVE state and include it in the command 600. The gNB-CU may generate RRCRelease message towards the UE, in response to which the UE transitions to the RRC INACTIVE state. The RRC message may be encapsulated in the command 600.
[0063] The gNB-DU may transmit or forward the RRCRelease (not shown) to the UE upon the command 600 and respond to the gNB-CU with UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE 602.
[0064] Later, the UE in the RRC INACTIVE state detects a need to resume RRC connection and transition to the RRC CONNECTED. This may be due to an incoming paging message or data in transmission buffer, for example. The UE transmits RRC RESUME REQUEST 604 to the gNB-DU.
[0065] When the gNB-DU receives the RRC RESUME REQUEST 604 from the UE, it may define if the state transition is allowed for the UE (by applying at least some of the embodiments illustrated above). In the present example, the state change is allowed, and the gNB-DU triggers the state transition by transmitting the RRC RESUME 606 to the UE. [0066] Upon reception of RRC RESUME COMPLETE 608 from the UE, the gNB- DU may restore the SRBs and DRBs and forward the RRC message in UL RRC MESSAGE TRANSFER 610 to the gNB-CU. This completes the UE context re-activation, and the FI UE Context Setup procedure is no longer needed. The gNB-CU may update the RRC state for the UE. The gNB-CU may then continue processing the UE change as with non- expedited RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED state transition, and transmit an initial UE message to the AMF.
[0067] An electronic device comprising electronic circuitries may be an apparatus for realizing at least some embodiments of the present invention. The apparatus may be or may be comprised in a computer, a base station, access point device, a radio access network element or node, a radio access network controller, or any other apparatus capable for controlling radio resource control state changes. In another embodiment, the apparatus carrying out the above-described functionalities is comprised in such a device, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a circuitry, such as a chip, a chipset, a microcontroller, or a combination of such circuitries in any one of the above-described devices.
[0068] Fig. 7 illustrates an example apparatus capable of supporting at least some embodiments of the present invention. Illustrated is a device 700, which may comprise a communications device arranged to operate as the CU 22 or DU 24, for example. The device may include one or more controllers configured to carry out operations in accordance with at least some of the embodiments illustrated above, such as some or more of the features illustrated above in connection with Figs. 2 to 6. The device may be configured to operate as the apparatus configured to perform the method of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3, or embodiments thereof, for example.
[0069] Comprised in the device 700 is a processor 702, which may comprise, for example, a single- or multi-core processor wherein a single-core processor comprises one processing core and a multi-core processor comprises more than one processing core. The processor 702 may comprise more than one processor. The processor may comprise at least one application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC. The processor may comprise at least one field-programmable gate array, FPGA. The processor may be means for performing method
steps in the device. The processor may be configured, at least in part by computer instructions, to perform actions.
[0070] A processor may comprise circuitry, or be constituted as circuitry or circuitries, the circuitry or circuitries being configured to perform phases of methods in accordance with embodiments described herein. As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as, as applicable: (i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0071] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0072] The device 700 may comprise memory 704. The memory may comprise random-access memory and/or permanent memory. The memory may comprise at least one RAM chip. The memory may comprise solid-state, magnetic, optical and/or holographic memory, for example. The memory may be at least in part accessible to the processor 702. The memory may be at least in part comprised in the processor 702. The memory 704 may be means for storing information. The memory may comprise computer instructions that the processor is configured to execute. When computer instructions configured to cause the processor to perform certain actions are stored in the memory, and the device in overall is configured to run under the direction of the processor using computer instructions from the memory, the processor and/or its at least one processing core may be considered to be
configured to perform said certain actions. The memory may be at least in part comprised in the processor. The memory may be at least in part external to the device 700 but accessible to the device. For example, control parameters affecting controlling operations illustrated in connection with Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be stored in one or more portions of the memory and used to control operation of the apparatus. Further, the memory may comprise other control parameters and device-specific cryptographic information.
[0073] The device 700 may comprise a transmitter 706. The device may comprise a receiver 708. The transmitter and the receiver may be configured to transmit and receive, respectively, information in accordance with at least one wired or wireless, cellular or non- cellular standard. The transmitter may comprise more than one transmitter. The receiver may comprise more than one receiver. The transmitter and/or receiver may be configured to operate in accordance with global system for mobile communication, GSM, wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA, long term evolution, LTE, 5G or other cellular communications systems, WLAN, and/or Ethernet standards, for example. The device 700 may comprise a near-field communication, NFC, transceiver 710. The NFC transceiver may support at least one NFC technology, such as NFC, Bluetooth, Wibree or similar technologies.
[0074] The device 700 may comprise user interface, UI, 712. The UI may comprise at least one of a display, a keyboard, a touchscreen, a vibrator arranged to signal to a user by causing the device to vibrate, a speaker and a microphone. A user may be able to operate the device via the UI, for example to control and configure operation of the device 700, and manage digital files stored in the memory 704 or on a cloud accessible via the transmitter 706 and the receiver 708.
[0075] The device 700 may comprise or be arranged to accept a memory module 714. The memory module may comprise, for example, a personal identification IC card installable in the device 700 and/or configuration/installation data for in the device 700.
[0076] The processor 702 may be furnished with a transmitter arranged to output information from the processor, via electrical leads internal to the device 700, to other devices comprised in the device. Such a transmitter may comprise a serial bus transmitter arranged to, for example, output information via at least one electrical lead to memory 704 for storage therein. Alternatively to a serial bus, the transmitter may comprise a parallel bus transmitter. Likewise the processor may comprise a receiver arranged to receive information
in the processor, via electrical leads internal to the device 700, from other devices comprised in the device 700. Such a receiver may comprise a serial bus receiver arranged to, for example, receive information via at least one electrical lead from the receiver 708 for processing in the processor. Alternatively to a serial bus, the receiver may comprise a parallel bus receiver.
[0077] The device 700 may comprise further devices not illustrated in Fig. 7. For example, the device may comprise further processor or memory units. In some embodiments, the device lacks at least one device described above. For example, some devices may lack the NFC transceiver 710 and/or the memory module 714.
[0078] The processor 702, the memory 704, the transmitter 706, the receiver 708, the NFC transceiver 710, the UI 712 and/or the user identity module 714 may be interconnected by electrical leads internal to the device 700 in a multitude of different ways. For example, each of the aforementioned devices may be separately connected to a master bus internal to the device, to allow for the devices to exchange information. However, as the skilled person will appreciate, this is only one example and depending on the embodiment various ways of interconnecting at least two of the aforementioned devices may be selected without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0079] It is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention disclosed are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
[0080] References throughout this specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. [0081] As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements, compositional elements, and/or functional features may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based on
their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary. In addition, various embodiments and examples may be referred to herein along with alternatives for the various components thereof.
[0082] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the preceding description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
[0083] The verbs “to comprise” and “to include” are used in this document as open limitations that neither exclude nor require the existence of also un-recited features. The features recited in depending claims are mutually freely combinable unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the use of "a" or "an", that is, a singular form, throughout this document does not exclude a plurality.
Claims
1. An apparatus, comprising one or more processors and memory comprising instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:
- receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network,
- receiving a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment, and
- transmitting a response to the request on the basis of the received indication.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further configured to: receiving a radio resource control state change complete message from the user equipment after transmitting the response, which is indicative of the radio resource control state change being accepted, activating or reactivating one or more radio bearers for the user equipment in response to the received radio resource control state change complete message, and
- transmitting the radio resource control state change complete message to the first node.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus is configured to define, on the basis of a cause value in the received request and the indication, if the expedited radio resource control state change is allowed for the user equipment, and the apparatus is configured to:
- trigger the expedited radio resource control state change by the response, or forward the request to the first network node.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus is configured to forward the request to the first network node in response to detecting that the cause value of the request indicates a paging area update.
5. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is configured to monitor for a time period threshold dependent on the reception of the indication from the first node and:
- trigger the expedited radio resource state change by the response in response to the time period threshold not being met, or forward the request to the first node in response to the time period threshold being met.
6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is configured to: receiving an identifier of or associated with the user equipment with the indication from the first node, and
- triggering the expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment on the basis of the indication in response to the identifier from the first node matching with an identifier in the request.
7. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the request is or comprises a radio resource control resume request and the response is or comprises a radio resource control resume.
8. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is or comprises a distributed unit configured to provide a cell for the user equipment, and the first node is a central or controller unit configured to control radio resource control state machine for the user equipment.
9. An apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory comprising instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:
- authorizing an expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing a radio access network, and
- transmitting, to a second node of the radio access network, an indication of the authorized expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is further configured, for authorizing the expedited radio resource control state change, to perform an admission control
procedure for the user equipment on the basis of one or more of a type of service for the user equipment, a type of the user equipment, a type of subscription associated with the user equipment, or a network slice associated with the second node.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the apparatus is further configured to transmitting a pre-encoded message to the second node to respond to a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment.
12. The apparatus of any preceding claim 9 to 11, wherein the apparatus is further configured to: receiving a radio resource control state change complete message from the second node after the expedited radio resource control state triggered by the second node, and
- updating radio resource control state of the user equipment in response to the received radio resource control state change complete message.
13. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the radio resource control state change comprises a change from a radio resource control inactive state to a radio resource control connected state.
14. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the indication is included in a radio resource control state change control message.
15. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the indication is included in a user equipment context release command.
16. A method for a second network node of a radio access network, comprising:
- receiving, from a first node of a radio access network, an indication of authorized expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing the radio access network,
- receiving a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment, and
- transmitting a response to the request on the basis of the received indication.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving a radio resource control state change complete message from the user equipment after transmitting the response, which is indicative of the radio resource control state change being accepted, activating or reactivating one or more radio bearers for the user equipment in response to the received radio resource control state change complete message, and
- transmitting the radio resource control state change complete message to the first node.
18. The method of claim 16 or 17, comprising: defining, on the basis of a cause value in the received request and the indication, if the expedited radio resource control state change is allowed for the user equipment, and performing on the basis of the defining:
- triggering the expedited radio resource control state change by the response, or forwarding the request to the first network node.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the request is forwarded to the first network node in response to detecting that the cause value of the request indicates a paging area update.
20. The method of any preceding claim, comprising: monitoring for a time period threshold dependent on the reception of the indication from the first node and:
- triggering the expedited radio resource state change by the response in response to the time period threshold not being met, or forwarding the request to the first node in response to the time period threshold being met.
21. The method of any preceding claim, comprising: receiving an identifier of or associated with the user equipment with the indication from the first node, and triggering the expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment on the basis of the indication in response to the identifier from the first node matching with an identifier in the request.
22. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the request is or comprises a radio resource control resume request and the response is or comprises a radio resource control resume.
23. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the second node is or comprises a distributed unit configured to provide a cell for the user equipment, and the first node is a central or controller unit configured to control radio resource control state machine for the user equipment.
24. A method for a first network node of a radio access network, comprising:
- authorizing an expedited radio resource control state change for a user equipment accessing a radio access network, and
- transmitting, to a second node of the radio access network, an indication of the authorized expedited radio resource control state change for the user equipment.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising, for authorizing the expedited radio resource control state change, performing an admission control procedure for the user equipment on the basis of one or more of a type of service for the user equipment, a type of the user equipment, a type of subscription associated with the user equipment, or a network slice associated with the second node.
26. The method of claim 24 or 25, further comprising: transmitting a pre-encoded message to the second node to respond to a request for radio resource control state change from the user equipment.
27. The method of any preceding claim 24 to 26, further comprising: receiving a radio resource control state change complete message from the second node after the expedited radio resource control state triggered by the second node, and updating radio resource control state of the user equipment in response to the received radio resource control state change complete message.
28. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the radio resource control state change comprises a change from a radio resource control inactive state to a radio resource control connected state.
29. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the indication is included in a radio resource control state change control message.
30. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the indication is included in a user equipment context release command.
31. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the second node is a distributed unit configured to provide a cell for the user equipment, and the first node is a central or controller unit configured to control radio resource control state machine for the user equipment.
32. A computer program, comprising instructions for causing an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 16 to 31.
33. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 16 to 31.
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EP3570627A1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-20 | HTC Corporation | Devices of handling a resume cause in a radio resource control message |
EP3609289A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-12 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Combined rrc inactive resume, rrc rna & nas registration procedure |
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EP3570627A1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-20 | HTC Corporation | Devices of handling a resume cause in a radio resource control message |
EP3609289A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-12 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Combined rrc inactive resume, rrc rna & nas registration procedure |
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