WO2021208837A1 - 智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统 - Google Patents

智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统 Download PDF

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WO2021208837A1
WO2021208837A1 PCT/CN2021/086479 CN2021086479W WO2021208837A1 WO 2021208837 A1 WO2021208837 A1 WO 2021208837A1 CN 2021086479 W CN2021086479 W CN 2021086479W WO 2021208837 A1 WO2021208837 A1 WO 2021208837A1
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Prior art keywords
water
horizontal
test system
intelligent
pressure
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PCT/CN2021/086479
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石北啸
陈生水
凌华
张建卫
沈光泽
傅华
韩华强
徐卫卫
Original Assignee
水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院
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Application filed by 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 filed Critical 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院
Priority to GB2113869.8A priority Critical patent/GB2596484B/en
Priority to US17/483,038 priority patent/US12000135B2/en
Publication of WO2021208837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208837A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F7/00—Other installations or implements for operating sewer systems, e.g. for preventing or indicating stoppage; Emptying cesspools
    • E03F7/02—Shut-off devices
    • E03F7/04—Valves for preventing return flow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B11/00—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply
    • E03B11/10—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply for public or like main water supply
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
    • E03B7/075—Arrangement of devices for control of pressure or flow rate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering test development, in particular to an ultra-large horizontal permeability test system with intelligent grading loading and variable seepage diameter.
  • the permeability of dam construction materials is the most concerned issue in the construction of earth-rock dams.
  • the permeability test is currently one of the commonly used methods to determine the permeability coefficient of coarse-grained materials and the hydraulic gradient of deformation and failure.
  • the commonly used infiltration equipment has the following shortcomings:
  • the direction of water flow in the penetration test is vertical, which does not match the actual horizontal or nearly horizontal penetration;
  • the diameter of the commonly used infiltration equipment is only 30cm, and the maximum particle size of the specimen is only 6cm, which is inconsistent with the situation that the maximum particle size of the dam material can reach 1m, and there is a large scale effect;
  • the head pressure that can be applied is very small, and it is artificially set, not easy to change, and cannot meet the actual needs of the current project;
  • Chinese patent application CN110749497A discloses a rock creep triaxial test system and method with continuous water environment effect. Its technical scheme is as follows: a pressurizing cylinder is connected with a beam, and the beam is supported on the base of the testing machine through pillars, between the base and the beam The water environment confining pressure system is set up, the dynamic stress and strain acquisition system is connected with the water environment confining pressure system, and the dynamic stress and strain acquisition system is sequentially connected to the computer, digital controller, servo controller, hydraulic source, and oil pipeline connection.
  • the patent application cannot be loaded intelligently, the water inflow and seepage angle cannot be adjusted, the seepage diameter of the test piece cannot be changed, the overburden stress cannot be provided, the failure process of the test cannot be visualized, and it cannot be applied to a super-large simulation mechanism.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a super-large horizontal permeation test system with intelligent staged loading and variable seepage diameter.
  • the test system has intelligent head pressure loading and adjustable water infiltration angle. , The seepage diameter of the test piece can be changed, it provides good effects such as the overlying stress, the visualization of the test failure process, and the super large simulation of the test piece.
  • the test system is easy to operate, all components can be flexibly disassembled, which is convenient for transportation and installation.
  • a super-large horizontal permeability test system with intelligent stage loading and variable seepage diameter including water storage system, hydraulic system, horizontal permeability test system and intelligent loading and control system; water storage system, hydraulic system and horizontal permeability test system Connect in sequence, apply water pressure and vertical pressure to the test piece to be tested in the horizontal permeability test system, the water outlet valve of the horizontal permeability test system is connected with the water storage system, and the intelligent loading and control system controls the hydraulic system and the horizontal permeability test system The electrical components in the action.
  • the water storage system includes a water storage tank and a backwater utilization pool, and the water storage tank is connected with the backwater utilization pool through an automatic submersible pump and a water pipe.
  • the submersible pump When the water volume of the storage tank is less than 500 liters, the submersible pump will automatically start water injection, and when the water volume reaches 500 liters, it will automatically stop to ensure the continuous water flow of the booster pump during the test.
  • the water pressure system includes three groups of water inlet pipes connected in parallel to the water storage tank. Each group of water inlet pipes is provided with a water inlet valve, and the water inlet pipe behind each water inlet valve is equipped with a pressurizing pump. The three sets of inlet pipes behind the pressure pump are combined into a set of inlet pipes and connected to the horizontal permeability test system. The combined inlet pipes are provided with a first pressure gauge and a second pressure gauge in sequence. An electric regulating valve is arranged on the water pipe, and an outlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the backwater utilization pool through the pipeline.
  • the pressure gauge is installed between the pressure pump and the horizontal penetration test box, and the measured value is fed back to the intelligent loading control system.
  • the pressure balance between the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge is adjusted automatically through the electric regulating valve, and the head pressure after passing the pressure gauge is kept constant; the intelligent loading and control system automatically controls the start and stop of the booster pump to meet the requirements of the test Water head pressure; each booster pump is equipped with an automatic opening device, which can be opened individually or jointly.
  • the designed flow range is 4m 3 /h ⁇ 28m 3 /h, and the test water pressure range is adjustable from 1m to 200m.
  • a water outlet of the electric regulating valve is connected to the water storage tank through a pipeline, and is used to release excess water back into the water storage tank.
  • the horizontal penetration test system includes a horizontal penetration test box, a four-post beam frame, a guide rail car, a power source and an actuator.
  • the horizontal penetration test box is placed on the guide rail car and is convenient to move during use; installation and disassembly of the test piece It can be pushed out from under the four-column beam frame, and the test piece is pushed under the load cell of the four-column beam frame after installation.
  • the load cell is centered with the upper pressure plate of the horizontal penetration test box to effectively ensure the balance when the vertical stress is applied.
  • the actuator is located directly under the guide rail trolley, the power source is connected with the actuator, and provides vertical force for the actuator; the actuator can provide up to 4MPa vertical stress for the pressurized plate of the horizontal penetration test box, and the vertical stress loading method
  • the displacement or stress control mode can be selected, and the loading speed can be input to confirm.
  • a load cell is arranged under the middle of the top of the four-column beam frame, and the lower part of the load cell is in contact with the top plate of the horizontal penetration test box.
  • the load cell can measure the vertical stress up to 4MPa, and the measurement accuracy is ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the horizontal penetration test box includes a square body composed of a bottom plate, a top plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left permeable plate and a right permeable plate.
  • the outside of the left permeable plate is a sealed inlet tank, and an inlet valve is installed on the inlet tank.
  • the outside of the right permeable plate is a sealed outlet pool, and a water outlet valve is installed on the outlet pool.
  • the permeable plate at the inlet tank can be easily replaced according to the angle of infiltration.
  • the outlet pool plays the role of receiving permeated water flow and short-term precipitation. After precipitation, the water is put into the backwater utilization pool through the outlet valve.
  • the left permeable plate is full of circular holes with a diameter of 0.5mm and a spacing of 0.5mm, which are closely connected with the front and rear side plates, top plate and bottom plate of the horizontal penetration test box, which can ensure the free infiltration of water into the test piece.
  • the slopes of the left permeable plate are 1:1, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5, or 1:1.6 respectively.
  • the front and back plates of the horizontal penetration test box are composed of two 50cm wide and one 100cm wide long plates, which can be combined into three sizes of 1m, 1.5m and 2m test pieces, and the seepage diameter of the test pieces can also be changed into There are three sizes of 1m, 1.5m and 2m, which can meet the requirements of horizontal penetration test on specimens composed of one, two or three test materials.
  • Each long plate has a circular observation window with a diameter of 30cm, which can conveniently observe the failure process of the test piece.
  • the front and rear plates of the horizontal penetration test box are connected by bolts to the top and bottom plates, and the long plates, the long plates and the top and bottom plates are all connected by bolts.
  • the water inlet valve is connected with the water pipe behind the second pressure gauge of the water pressure system, and the water is forced into the inlet pool by the pressurizing pump to keep the water body saturated in the pool, and the full section can penetrate into the test box through the water permeable plate.
  • the outlet valve is connected to the backwater utilization pool of the water storage system through a water pipe.
  • the four-column beam frame includes four uprights and a pressure-bearing plate sleeved on them and capable of moving up and down.
  • the bottom of the upright column is fixed on the foundation, and the upper part of the upright is connected with the pressure-bearing plate and provides a reaction force.
  • the lower end of the four-column beam frame is firmly connected to the foundation, which provides effective counterforce support for the compression of the test piece.
  • the pressure-bearing plate is in flexible and tight contact with the front, rear, left, and right side plates of the horizontal penetration test box, and the infiltration water flow in the test piece will not penetrate through the contact parts of the pressure-bearing plate and the horizontal penetration test box.
  • the intelligent loading and control system is composed of a computer for setting a target value for signal reception and signal transmission.
  • the intelligent loading control system automatically collects the data of the pressure gauge, the pressure pump, the load cell, and the electric regulating valve, intelligently judges the difference between the set value and the force measured by the sensor, and sends a command to the power source to apply or Stop the vertical force; intelligently judge the difference between the set value and the value of the pressure gauge, send the water pressure adjustment command to the booster pump and the electric regulating valve, adjust the water supply by starting or stopping the booster pump, and reduce the excess by starting and stopping the electric regulating valve The amount of water is released back to the storage tank, effectively ensuring that the water pressure supplied to the horizontal penetration test box meets the predetermined value.
  • the biggest advantage of this test system is that the head pressure can be loaded intelligently in stages. Because the left permeable plate can adopt different slopes, the infiltration water flow angle can be adjusted, the test materials can be layered, the permeation path is horizontal, and the maximum size of the test piece can reach 1m.
  • the ultra-large penetration test system is wide and the penetration path can be switched between 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m.
  • This test system is used to carry out permeability tests on dam construction materials, which can determine the permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient of seepage deformation and the filtration performance of the filtration material. Specifically in the following aspects:
  • the pressurizing pump located between the water storage tank and the pressure gauge. Each pressurizing pump can work individually, or two or three at the same time.
  • the pressure gauge feeds back the head pressure to the intelligent loading control system, the control system At the same time, the three pressurizing pumps and the electric regulating valve are issued with work commands, which effectively guarantees that the head pressure through the pressure gauge can be changed arbitrarily between 0.1m and 200m.
  • the permeable plate at the water inlet is covered with circular holes with a diameter of 0.5mm and a spacing of 0.5mm. It is tightly connected to the horizontal penetration test box to ensure the free infiltration of water into the specimen.
  • the slopes are 1:1, 1:1.3, respectively. , 1:1.4, 1:1.5 and 1:1.6 permeable plates each, by replacing the permeable plates with different slopes, the water infiltration test at different angles can be effectively carried out.
  • the horizontal permeability test box on the rail trolley, the front and rear side panels are composed of two 50cm and one 1m wide plates, which can be combined into three sizes of 1m, 1.5m and 2m test pieces, and the seepage diameter of the test piece is also The same can be changed into three sizes of 1m, 1.5m and 2m, which can meet the requirements of the horizontal penetration test for specimens composed of one, two or three test materials.
  • the intelligent loading control system automatically collects the data of the pressure gauge, the pressure pump, the load cell, and the electric control valve, intelligently judges the difference between the set value and the force measured by the sensor, and sends a command to the power source through the load cell Apply or stop vertical force; intelligently judge the difference between the set value and the value of the pressure gauge, send the water pressure adjustment command to the booster pump and the electric regulating valve, adjust the water supply by starting or stopping the booster pump, and start and stop the electric regulating valve The excess water is released back to the water storage tank to effectively ensure that the water pressure supplied to the horizontal penetration test box meets the predetermined value.
  • the horizontal penetration test box is loaded on the rail trolley, and the test piece can be pushed out from under the four-column beam frame when installing and dismantling the test piece. After the installation is completed, the test piece is pushed under the load cell of the four-column beam frame, and on the load cell and the horizontal penetration test box. The pressure plate is centered to effectively ensure the balance when the vertical stress is applied.
  • the four-column beam frame is composed of four uprights and pressure-bearing plates. The lower ends of the four uprights are fixed to the foundation, and the upper ends are fixed to the pressure-bearing plates. The pressure-bearing plates are square. When the top plate on the test box is in contact with the horizontal penetration test box, the guide rail trolley under the horizontal penetration test box is provided with upward force by the actuator, and the four-column beam frame fixed to the foundation provides effective reaction support.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention patent
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water storage system of the invention patent
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal penetration test system of the invention patent
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the invention patent
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the horizontal penetration test box of the invention patent.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the horizontal penetration test box of the invention patent.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent loading and control system of the invention patent.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the four-column beam frame of the invention patent.
  • the super-large horizontal permeability test system with intelligent staged loading and variable seepage diameter includes water storage system 00, hydraulic system 10, horizontal permeability test system 20 and intelligent loading and control system 40;
  • the system 00, the hydraulic system 10 and the horizontal penetration test system 40 are connected in sequence, and the water pressure and vertical pressure are applied to the test piece 204 to be tested in the horizontal penetration test system 40.
  • the water outlet valve 28 of the horizontal penetration test system 40 is connected to the water storage system.
  • the system 00 is connected, and the intelligent loading and control system 40 controls the action of electrical components in the hydraulic system 10 and the horizontal penetration test system 40.
  • the water storage system 00 includes a water storage tank 01 and a backwater utilization pool 011.
  • the water storage tank 01 is connected to the backwater utilization pool 011 through an automatic submersible pump and a water pipe.
  • the submersible pump automatically starts water injection, and automatically stops when the water volume reaches 500 liters to ensure that the water flow of the booster pump is constant during the test.
  • the hydraulic system 10 includes three groups of water inlet pipes connected in parallel to the water storage tank 01. Each group of water inlet pipes is equipped with a water inlet valve, and each water inlet pipe is equipped with a pressure pump on the water inlet pipe behind each water inlet valve. The three groups of inlet pipes behind the pressure pump are combined into a group of inlet pipes and connected to the horizontal permeability test box 200 of the horizontal permeability test system 20. The combined inlet pipes are sequentially provided with a first pressure gauge 09 and a second pressure gauge. 101. An electric regulating valve 08 is provided on the water inlet pipe between the two pressure gauges, and an outlet of the electric regulating valve 08 is connected to the return water utilization pool 01 through a pipe.
  • the three inlet valves are the first inlet valve 02, the second inlet valve 03, and the third inlet valve 04.
  • the three pressure pumps are the first pressure pump 05, the second pressure pump 06, and the second pressure pump.
  • Three pressure pump 07, the water inlet positions of the first water inlet valve 02, the second water inlet valve 03, and the third water inlet valve 04 are connected in parallel with the water storage tank 01, and the water outlet positions are respectively connected with the first pressure pump 05 and the second water inlet valve.
  • the pressure pump 06 and the third pressure pump 07 are connected in sequence, and the first pressure pump 05, the second pressure pump 06, and the third pressure pump 07 are the energy source of water pressure.
  • the pressure gauge is installed between the pressure pump and the horizontal penetration test box 200, and the measured value is fed back to the intelligent loading and control system 40.
  • the electric regulating valve 08 automatically starts and stops to adjust the pressure balance of the first pressure gauge 05 and the second pressure gauge 05 to keep the head pressure constant after passing the pressure gauge; the intelligent loading and control system 40 automatically controls the start and stop of the pressurizing pump to meet The head pressure required for the test; each booster pump is equipped with an automatic opening device, which can be opened individually or in combination.
  • the design flow range is 4m 3 /h ⁇ 28m 3 /h, and the test water pressure range is adjustable from 1m to 200m.
  • a water outlet of the electric regulating valve 08 is connected to the water storage tank through a pipe, and is used to release excess water back into the water storage tank 01.
  • the horizontal permeability test system 20 includes a horizontal permeability test box 200, a four-post beam frame 30, a rail car 205, a power source 203 and an actuator 202.
  • the horizontal permeability test box 200 is placed on the rail car 205, which is convenient to move during use.
  • 205 is the carrier of the horizontal permeability test box 200.
  • the bottom plate of the horizontal permeability test box 200 is connected to the rail car 205, which can facilitate the production of test pieces and complete the test; when installing and disassembling the test piece 204, it can be pushed out from the four-post cross beam frame 30. After the installation of the piece 204 is completed, it is pushed under the load cell 29 of the four-column beam frame 30.
  • the load cell 29 is centered with the upper pressure plate of the horizontal penetration test box 200 to effectively ensure the balance when the vertical stress is applied.
  • the actuator 202 is located directly under the guide rail trolley 205, the power source 203 is connected with the actuator 202, and provides vertical force for the actuator 202; the actuator 202 can provide the pressure plate of the horizontal penetration test box 200 with a maximum of 4 MPa Vertical stress, vertical stress loading mode can choose displacement or stress control mode, loading speed can be input to confirm.
  • the rail trolley 205 under the horizontal penetration test box 200 is provided with upward force by the actuator 202, the four-post cross beam frame 30 fixed to the foundation provides effective reaction support.
  • a load cell 29 is arranged below the middle of the top of the four-column beam frame 30, and the lower part of the load cell 29 is in contact with the top plate of the horizontal penetration test box.
  • the load cell 29 can measure the vertical stress up to 4 MPa, with a measurement accuracy of ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the horizontal permeability test box 200 includes a square body composed of a bottom plate 25, a top plate 24, a front side plate 206, a rear side plate 207, a left permeable plate 23 and a right permeable plate 26.
  • the outer 23 of the left permeable plate is a sealed inlet pool 22.
  • a fourth water inlet valve 21 is installed on the pool 22.
  • a sealed outlet pool 27 is installed on the outside of the right permeable plate 26.
  • a water outlet valve 28 is installed on the outlet pool 27. The water outlet valve 28 communicates with the backwater utilization pool 011 of the water storage system through a water pipe.
  • the left permeable plate 23 is filled with circular holes with a diameter of 0.5mm and a spacing of 0.5mm, which are tightly connected with the front and rear side plates 2016, 207, top plate 24 and bottom plate 25 of the horizontal penetration test box 200 to ensure free infiltration of water.
  • the slopes of the left permeable plate 23 at the inlet pool 22 are 1:1, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5 or 1:1.6 respectively, which can be easily replaced according to different infiltration angles by replacing the permeable plates with different slopes , Effectively carry out water infiltration tests from different angles.
  • the outlet pool 27 plays the role of receiving permeated water flow and short-term precipitation. After precipitation, the water is put into the backwater utilization pool 011 through the outlet valve 28.
  • a circular observation window 201 with a diameter of 30 cm is arranged on the front and rear side plates 206 and 207.
  • the observation window 201 is sealed and installed on the front and rear side plates 206 and 207 by a transparent material, so that the destruction process of the test piece can be conveniently observed.
  • the front and back plates of the horizontal permeability test box 200 are composed of two 50cm wide and one 100cm wide and long plates, which can be combined into three size test pieces of 1m, 1.5m and 2m.
  • the seepage diameter of the test piece can also be changed. There are three sizes of 1m, 1.5m and 2m, which can meet the requirements of one, two or three test materials to carry out horizontal penetration test.
  • the front and back plates of the horizontal penetration test box 200 are connected by bolts to the top and bottom plates, and the long plates, the long plates and the top and bottom plates are all connected by bolts.
  • the fourth water inlet valve 21 is connected with the water pipe behind the second pressure gauge 101 of the hydraulic system 10, and the water is forced into the pool 22 by the pressurizing pump to keep the water in the pool saturated, and the full section can penetrate into the test box through the permeable plate .
  • the four-column beam frame 30 includes four uprights 302 and a pressure-bearing plate 301 sleeved thereon and capable of moving up and down.
  • the lower end of the four-column beam frame 30 is firmly connected to the foundation 303 to provide effective counterforce support for the test piece 204 to pressurize.
  • the pressure-bearing plate 301 is in flexible and tight contact with the front, rear, left, and right side plates of the horizontal penetration test box 200, and the infiltration water flow in the test piece 204 will not penetrate through the contact parts of the pressure-bearing plate 301 and the horizontal penetration test box 200.
  • the intelligent loading and control system 40 is composed of a computer for setting a target value for signal reception and signal transmission.
  • the target value setting computer is used to set the water pressure, vertical force, loading method and loading speed.
  • the intelligent loading and control system 40 automatically collects the data of the pressure gauge, the pressure pump, the force sensor 29, and the electric regulating valve 08, intelligently judges the difference between the set value and the force measured by the sensor, and sends a command to the power source.
  • the force sensor 29 applies or stops the vertical force; intelligently judges the difference between the set value and the value of the pressure gauge, sends a water pressure adjustment command to the booster pump and the electric regulating valve 08, and adjusts the water supply volume by starting or stopping the booster pump. Stop the electric regulating valve 08 to release the excess water back to the water storage tank 01, effectively ensuring that the water pressure supplied to the horizontal penetration test box meets the predetermined value.
  • the signal receiving part is the feedback signal of the receiving device, including receiving the signals of the first pressure pump 05, the second pressure pump 06, and the third pressure pump 07, and the signals of the first pressure gauge 09 and the second pressure gauge 101, Receive the signal of the electric regulating valve 08 and the signal of the load cell 29;
  • the signal sending part includes sending the start and stop signals of the first pressure pump 05, the second pressure pump 06, and the third pressure pump 07, the start and stop signals of the power source 203, the target value signal of the load cell 29, and the electric regulating valve 08 Opening signal.
  • the test system can realize intelligent grading loading of water head pressure. Because the left permeable plate can adopt different slopes, the infiltration water flow angle can be adjusted, the test materials can be layered, the permeation path is horizontal, and the size of the test piece can be up to 1m wide.
  • An ultra-large penetration test system with a penetration path that can be switched between 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m. This test system is used to carry out permeability tests on dam construction materials, which can determine the permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient of seepage deformation and the filtration performance of the filtration material. Specifically in the following aspects:

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Abstract

一种智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，包括储水系统（00）、水压系统（10）、水平渗透试验系统（20）和智能加载与控制系统（40）；储水系统（00）、水压系统（10）和水平渗透试验系统（20）依次连接，将水压力和垂直压力施加于水平渗透试验系统（20）中待测试的试件（204）上，水平渗透试验系统（20）的出水阀（28）与储水系统（00）连通，智能加载与控制系统（40）控制水压系统（10）和水平渗透试验系统（20）中的电器元件动作。

Description

智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种水利工程试验发展领域，尤其是一种智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统。
背景技术
筑坝材料的渗透性能是土石坝建设最为关心的问题，渗透试验是目前常用的测定粗粒料渗透系数和变形破坏水力梯度的方法之一，目前常用的渗透设备存在以下不足：
1.渗透试验的水流方向为垂直方向，与现实水平或近似水平的渗透情况不符；
2.常用渗透设备直径仅30cm，试件的最大粒径仅为6cm，与筑坝材料粒径最大可达1m的情况不符，存在较大的缩尺效应；
3.可以施加的水头压力很小，并且都是人为设定、不易改变，不能满足当前工程实际的需求；
4.进行反滤材料试验时无法观测到破坏现象，容易造成误判；
5.常用渗透设备无法施加上覆应力，仅是在试件的自重应力下开展渗透试验，与试件可能承受高达2MPa上覆应力的实际情况不符。
中国专利申请CN110749497A公开了一种持续水环境作用的岩石蠕变三轴试验系统和方法，其技术方案为：加压缸与横梁连接，横梁通过支柱支撑在试验机底座上，底座和横梁之间设置水环境围压系统，动态应力应变采集系统与水环境围压系统连接，动态应力应变采集系统依次连接计算机、数字控制器、伺服控制器、液压源、输油管连接。但是该专利申请不能智能加载，水流入渗角度不可调节、试件渗径不可变化、无法提供上覆应力、试验破坏过程的无法视化、也无法应用于超大型模拟机构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，该试验系统具有水头压力加载的智能化、水流入渗角度可调节、试件渗径可变化、提供上覆应力、试验破坏过程的可视化、试件的超大型模拟等良好效果，试验系统操作简便，所有部件可灵活拆卸，方便运输，便于安装。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：
一种智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，包括储水系统、水压系统、水平渗透试验系统和智能加载与控制系统；储水系统、水压系统和水平渗透试验系统依次连接，将水压力和垂直压力施加于水平渗透试验系统中待测试的试件上，水平渗透试验系 统的出水阀与储水系统连通，智能加载与控制系统控制水压系统和水平渗透试验系统中的电器元件动作。
所述储水系统包括储水罐和回水利用池，储水罐通过自动潜水泵及水管与回水利用池连通。储水罐水量低于500升时潜水泵自动启动注水，水量达到500升时自动停止，保证试验过程中加压泵的水流不断。
所述水压系统包括三组并联在储水罐上的进水管，每一组进水管上均设置有一个进水阀，每一个进水阀后面的进水管上均设置一个加压泵，加压泵后面的三组进水管合并为一组进水管并连通至水平渗透试验系统，合并为一组的进水管上依次设置有第一压力表和第二压力表，两压力表之间的进水管上设置有电动调节阀，电动调节阀的一个出水口通过管道连通至回水利用池。
压力表安装在加压泵和水平渗透试验箱之间，测量数值反馈到智能加载控制系统。通过电动调节阀自动启停调节第一压力表与第二压力表的压力均衡，保持通过压力表后的水头压力恒定；智能加载与控制系统自动控制加压泵的启停，满足试验所需要的水头压力；每个加压泵均设有自动开启装置，可单独或联合开启，设计流量范围为4m 3/h～28m 3/h，试验水压力范围为1m～200m可调节。
所述电动调节阀的一个出水口通过管道与储水罐连接，用于将多余水量释放回流储水罐。
所述水平渗透试验系统包括水平渗透试验箱、四柱横梁架、导轨小车、动力源和作动器，所述水平渗透试验箱放置于导轨小车上，在使用中方便移动；安装和拆解试件时可以从四柱横梁架下推出，试件安装完成后推到四柱横梁架的测力传感器下，测力传感器与水平渗透试验箱上压板对中，有效保证垂直应力施加时的平衡。
作动器位于导轨小车正下方，动力源与作动器连接，并为作动器提供垂直力；作动器可为水平渗透试验箱的加压板提供最大达4MPa垂直应力，垂直应力加载方式可以选择位移或应力控制模式，加载速度可输入确定。水平渗透试验箱下面的导轨小车由作动器提供向上的作用力时，与地基固定的四柱横梁架提供有效的反力支撑。
四柱横梁架顶部的中间下方设置测力传感器，测力传感器下方与水平渗透试验箱的顶板接触。测力传感器可测量最大达4MPa的垂直应力，测量精度为±0.5％。
所述水平渗透试验箱包括由底板、顶板、前侧板、后侧板、左透水板和右透水板组成方形体，左透水板外部为密封的进水池，进水池上安装有进水阀，右透水板外部为密封的出水池，出水池上安装出水阀。进水池处透水板可以根据入渗角度的不同方便地更换。出水池起到承接渗透水流和短暂沉淀作用，沉淀后通过出水阀将水放入回水利用池中。
左透水板上布满直径为0.5mm、间距为0.5mm的圆孔，与水平渗透试验箱的前后侧板、顶板和底板连接紧密，可以保障水流自由入渗到试件。
所述左透水板的坡度分别为1:1、1:1.3、1:1.4、1:1.5或1:1.6，通过更换不同坡度透水板，有效开展不同角度水流入渗试验。
所述前、后侧板上均设置有观察窗，观察窗由透明材质密封安装前、后侧板上。水平渗透试验箱前后两侧板均由两块50cm宽和一块100cm宽长形板组成，可以任意组合成1m、1.5m和2m三种尺寸的试件，试件的渗径也一样可以变成1m、1.5m和2m三种尺寸，可满足一种、两种或三种试验用料组成的试件开展水平渗透试验。
每块长形板都开设了直径为30cm的圆形观察窗，可以方便地观察试件的破坏过程。水平渗透试验箱前后两侧板均由螺栓与顶板和底部板连接，组成的长形板之间、长形板与顶板及底板之间均由螺栓连接。
所述进水阀与水压系统的第二压力表后面的水管连通，由加压泵将水压入进水池并保持池内水体饱和，可以全断面通过透水板向试验箱内渗透。
所述出水阀通过水管与储水系统的回水利用池连接。
所述四柱横梁架包括四根立柱和套在其上并能上下移动的承压板，立柱下面固定于地基上，立柱上方与承压板连接并提供反力。四柱横梁架下端与地基连接牢固，为试件加压提供有效反力支撑。承压板与水平渗透试验箱前后左右各侧板柔性紧密接触，试件内的入渗水流不会通过承压板与水平渗透试验箱接触的各部位渗透。
所述智能加载与控制系统由安装信号接收和信号发送的目标值设定计算机组成。智能加载控制系统自动采集压力表、加压泵、测力传感器、电动调节阀的数据，智能判断设定值与传感器测量到的力之差，并发送命令到动力源，通过测力传感器施加或停止垂直力；智能判断设定值与压力表的数值差，发送水压调节命令给加压泵和电动调节阀，通过启动或停止加压泵调节供水量，通过启动和停止电动调节阀将多余的水量释放回储水罐，有效保证供应到水平渗透试验箱处的水压满足预定值。
本发明的有益效果是：
该试验系统最大的优点是水头压力可智能分级加载，由于左透水板可以采用不同坡度，入渗水流角度可调节，试验用料可分层，渗透路径为水平方向，试件尺寸最大可达1m宽，渗透路径可在1.0m、1.5m和2.0m间切换的超大型渗透试验系统。采用该试验系统对筑坝材料开展渗透试验，可测定试件的渗透系数、渗透变形水力梯度及反滤材料的反滤性能。具体表现在以下方面：
1.位于储水罐与压力表之间的加压泵，每个加压泵都可以单独工作，也可以两个或三 个同时工作，压力表将水头压力反馈到智能加载控制系统，控制系统对三个加压泵和电动调节阀同时发出工作命令，有效保障通过压力表的水头压力在0.1m到200m间任意变化。
2.位于进水口的透水板，布满直径0.5mm、间距0.5mm的圆孔，与水平渗透试验箱连接紧密，可以保障水流自由入渗到试件，坡度分别为1:1、1:1.3、1:1.4、1:1.5和1:1.6透水板各一块，通过更换不同坡度透水板，有效开展不同角度水流入渗试验。
3.导轨小车上的水平渗透试验箱，前后两侧板由宽度为两块50cm和一块1m板组成，可以任意组合成1m、1.5m和2m三种尺寸的试件，试件的渗径也一样可以变成1m、1.5m和2m三种尺寸，可满足一种、两种或三种试验用料组成的试件开展水平渗透试验。
4.智能加载控制系统自动采集压力表、加压泵、测力传感器、电动调节阀的数据，智能判断设定值与传感器测量到的力之差，并发送命令到动力源，通过测力传感器施加或停止垂直力；智能判断设定值与压力表的数值差，发送水压调节命令给加压泵和电动调节阀，通过启动或停止加压泵调节供水量，通过启动和停止电动调节阀将多余的水量释放回储水罐，有效保证供应到水平渗透试验箱处的水压满足预定值。
5.导轨小车上载水平渗透试验箱，安装和拆解试件时可以从四柱横梁架下推出，试件安装完成后推到四柱横梁架的测力传感器下，测力传感器与水平渗透试验箱上压板对中，有效保证垂直应力施加时的平衡。
6.四柱横梁架由四根立柱和承压板组成，四个立柱下端固定于地基，上端与承压板固定，承压板为方形，正中间下面是测力传感器，测力传感器与水平渗透试验箱上的顶板接触，水平渗透试验箱下面的导轨小车由作动器提供向上的作用力时，与地基固定的四柱横梁架提供有效的反力支撑。
附图说明
图1为本发明专利的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明专利的储水系统示意图；
图3为本发明专利的水平渗透试验系统示意图；
图4为本发明专利的水压系统示意图；
图5为本发明专利的水平渗透试验箱侧视图；
图6为本发明专利的水平渗透试验箱正视图；
图7为本发明专利的智能加载与控制系统示意图；
图8为本发明专利的四柱横梁架示意图。
图中：00.储水系统，01.储水罐，011.回水利用池，10.水压系统，02.第一进水阀，03.第二进水阀，04.第三进水阀，05.第一加压泵，06.第二加压泵，07.第三加压泵，08. 电动调节阀，09.第一压力表，101.第二压力表；20.水平渗透试验系统，200.水平渗透试验箱，21.第四进水阀，22.进水池，23.左透水板，24.顶板，25.底板，26右透水板，27.出水池，28出水阀，29.测力传感器，30.四柱横梁架，201观察窗，202.作动器，203动力源，204.试件，205.导轨小车，206前侧板，207.后侧板，301承压板，302.立柱，303.地基，40.智能加载与控制系统，41.目标设定计算机，42.接收加压泵信号，43.接收压力表信号，44.接收电动调节阀的信号，45.接收测力传感器的信号，46.加压泵启停信号，47.动力源启停信号，48.测力传感器目标值信号，49.电动调节阀开度调节信号，50.信号接收部分，60.信号发送部分。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
如图1-8所示，智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，包括储水系统00、水压系统10、水平渗透试验系统20和智能加载与控制系统40；储水系统00、水压系统10和水平渗透试验系统40依次连接，将水压力和垂直压力施加于水平渗透试验系统40中待测试的试件204上，水平渗透试验系统40的出水阀28与储水系统00连通，智能加载与控制系统40控制水压系统10和水平渗透试验系统40中的电器元件动作。
储水系统00包括储水罐01和回水利用池011，储水罐01通过自动潜水泵及水管与回水利用池011连通。储水罐01水量低于500升时潜水泵自动启动注水，水量达到500升时自动停止，保证试验过程中加压泵的水流不断。
水压系统10包括三组并联在储水罐01上的进水管，每一组进水管上均设置有一个进水阀，每一个进水阀后面的进水管上均设置一个加压泵，加压泵后面的三组进水管合并为一组进水管并连通至水平渗透试验系统20的水平渗透试验箱200，合并为一组的进水管上依次设置有第一压力表09和第二压力表101，两压力表之间的进水管上设置有电动调节阀08，电动调节阀08的一个出水口通过管道连通至回水利用池01。
三个进水阀分别为第一进水阀02、第二进水阀03、第三进水阀04，三个加压泵分别为 第一加压泵05、第二加压泵06、第三加压泵07，第一进水阀02、第二进水阀03、第三进水阀04的进水位置与储水罐01并联，出水位置分别与第一加压泵05、第二加压泵06、第三加压泵07依次连接，第一加压泵05、第二加压泵06、第三加压泵07是水压力的能量来源。
压力表安装在加压泵和水平渗透试验箱200之间，测量数值反馈到智能加载与控制系统40。通过电动调节阀08自动启停调节第一压力表05与第二压力表05的压力均衡，保持通过压力表后的水头压力恒定；智能加载与控制系统40自动控制加压泵的启停，满足试验所需要的水头压力；每个加压泵均设有自动开启装置，可单独或联合开启，设计流量范围为4m 3/h～28m 3/h，试验水压力范围为1m～200m可调节。
电动调节阀08的一个出水口通过管道与储水罐连接，用于将多余水量释放回流储水罐01。
水平渗透试验系统20包括水平渗透试验箱200、四柱横梁架30、导轨小车205、动力源203和作动器202，水平渗透试验箱200放置于导轨小车205上，在使用中方便移动，导轨小车205是水平渗透试验箱200的载体，水平渗透试验箱200的底板与导轨小车205连接，可以方便试件制作和完成试验；安装和拆解试件204时可以从四柱横梁架30下推出，试件204安装完成后推到四柱横梁架30的测力传感器29下，测力传感器29与水平渗透试验箱200上压板对中，有效保证垂直应力施加时的平衡。
作动器202位于导轨小车205正下方，动力源203与作动器202连接，并为作动器202提供垂直力；作动器202可为水平渗透试验箱200的加压板提供最大达4MPa垂直应力，垂直应力加载方式可以选择位移或应力控制模式，加载速度可输入确定。水平渗透试验箱200下面的导轨小车205由作动器202提供向上的作用力时，与地基固定的四柱横梁架30提供有效的反力支撑。
四柱横梁架30顶部的中间下方设置测力传感器29，测力传感器29下方与水平渗透试验箱的顶板接触。测力传感器29可测量最大达4MPa的垂直应力，测量精度为±0.5％。
水平渗透试验箱200包括由底板25、顶板24、前侧板206、后侧板207、左透水板23和右透水板26组成方形体，左透水板外23部为密封的进水池22，进水池22上安装有第四进水阀21，右透水板26外部为密封的出水池27，出水池27上安装出水阀28，出水阀28通过水管与储水系统的回水利用池011连通。
左透水板23上布满直径为0.5mm、间距为0.5mm的圆孔，与水平渗透试验箱200的前、后侧板2016、207、顶板24和底板25连接紧密，可以保障水流自由入渗到试件204。
进水池22处的左透水板23的坡度分别为1:1、1:1.3、1:1.4、1:1.5或1:1.6，可以根据 入渗角度的不同方便地更换，通过更换不同坡度透水板，有效开展不同角度水流入渗试验。出水池27起到承接渗透水流和短暂沉淀作用，沉淀后通过出水阀28将水放入回水利用池011中。
前、后侧板206、207上均设置有直径为30cm的圆形观察窗201，观察窗201由透明材质密封安装前、后侧板206、207上，可以方便地观察试件的破坏过程。水平渗透试验箱200前后两侧板均由两块50cm宽和一块100cm宽长形板组成，可以任意组合成1m、1.5m和2m三种尺寸的试件，试件的渗径也一样可以变成1m、1.5m和2m三种尺寸，可满足一种、两种或三种试验用料组成的试件开展水平渗透试验。
水平渗透试验箱200前后两侧板均由螺栓与顶板和底部板连接，组成的长形板之间、长形板与顶板及底板之间均由螺栓连接。
第四进水阀21与水压系统10的第二压力表101后面的水管连通，由加压泵将水压入进水池22并保持池内水体饱和，可以全断面通过透水板向试验箱内渗透。
四柱横梁架30包括四根立柱302和套在其上并能上下移动的承压板301，立柱302下面固定于地基303上，立柱302上方与承压板301连接并提供反力。四柱横梁架30下端与地基303连接牢固，为试件204加压提供有效反力支撑。承压板301与水平渗透试验箱200前后左右各侧板柔性紧密接触，试件204内的入渗水流不会通过承压板301与水平渗透试验箱200接触的各部位渗透。
智能加载与控制系统40由安装信号接收和信号发送的目标值设定计算机组成。目标值设定计算机用于设定水压力、垂直力、加载方式和加载速度。
智能加载与控制系统40自动采集压力表、加压泵、测力传感器29、电动调节阀08的数据，智能判断设定值与传感器测量到的力之差，并发送命令到动力源，通过测力传感器29施加或停止垂直力；智能判断设定值与压力表的数值差，发送水压调节命令给加压泵和电动调节阀08，通过启动或停止加压泵调节供水量，通过启动和停止电动调节阀08将多余的水量释放回储水罐01，有效保证供应到水平渗透试验箱处的水压满足预定值。
信号接收部分是接收设备的反馈信号，包括接收第一加压泵05、第二加压泵06、第三加压泵07的信号，接收第一压力表09和第二压力表101的信号，接收电动调节阀08的信号，接收测力传感器29的信号；
信号发送部分包括发送第一加压泵05、第二加压泵06、第三加压泵07的启停信号，动力源203的启停信号，测力传感器29目标值信号，电动调节阀08开度信号。
该试验系统最大能够实现水头压力智能分级加载，由于左透水板可以采用不同坡度，入渗水流角度可调节，试验用料可分层，渗透路径为水平方向，试件尺寸最大可达1m宽， 渗透路径可在1.0m、1.5m和2.0m间切换的超大型渗透试验系统。采用该试验系统对筑坝材料开展渗透试验，可测定试件的渗透系数、渗透变形水力梯度及反滤材料的反滤性能。具体表现在以下方面：
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，包括储水系统、水压系统、水平渗透试验系统和智能加载与控制系统；储水系统、水压系统和水平渗透试验系统依次连接，将水压力和垂直压力施加于水平渗透试验系统中待测试的试件上，水平渗透试验系统的出水阀与储水系统连通，智能加载与控制系统控制水压系统和水平渗透试验系统中的电器元件动作。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述储水系统包括储水罐和回水利用池，储水罐通过自动潜水泵及水管与回水利用池连通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述水压系统包括三组并联在储水罐上的进水管，每一组进水管上均设置有一个进水阀，每一个进水阀后面的进水管上均设置一个加压泵，加压泵后面的三组进水管合并为一组进水管并连通至水平渗透试验系统，合并为一组的进水管上依次设置有第一压力表和第二压力表，两压力表之间的进水管上设置有电动调节阀，所述电动调节阀的一个出水口通过管道与储水罐连接，将多余水量释放回流储水罐。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述水平渗透试验系统包括水平渗透试验箱、四柱横梁架、导轨小车、动力源和作动器，所述水平渗透试验箱放置于导轨小车上，作动器位于导轨小车正下方，动力源与作动器连接，并为作动器提供垂直力；四柱横梁架顶部的中间下方设置测力传感器，测力传感器下方与水平渗透试验箱的顶板接触。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述水平渗透试验箱包括由底板、顶板、前侧板、后侧板、左透水板和右透水板组成方形体，左透水板外部为密封的进水池，进水池上安装有进水阀，右透水板外部为密封的出水池，出水池上安装出水阀。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，左透水板上布满直径为0.5mm、间距为0.5mm的圆孔，与水平渗透试验箱的前后侧板、顶板和底板连接紧密，保障水流自由入渗到试件；所述左透水板的坡度分别为1:1、1:1.3、1:1.4、1:1.5或1:1.6，通过更换不同坡度透水板，有效开展不同角度水流入渗试验。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述前、后侧板上均设置有观察窗，观察窗由透明材质密封安装前、后侧板上。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述进水池上的进水阀与水压系统的第二压力表后面的水管连通，由加压泵将水压入 进水池并保持池内水体饱和，全断面通过左透水板向水平渗透试验箱内渗透；所述出水阀通过水管与储水系统的回水利用池连接。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述四柱横梁架包括四根立柱和套在其上并能上下移动的承压板，立柱下面固定于地基上，立柱上方与承压板连接并提供反力，承压板与水平渗透试验箱前后左右各侧板柔性紧密接触，试件内的入渗水流不会通过承压板与水平渗透试验箱接触的各部位渗透。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的智能分级加载与可变渗径的超大型水平渗透试验系统，其特征是，所述智能加载与控制系统由安装信号接收和信号发送的目标值设定计算机组成。
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