WO2021208790A1 - 生物信息测量系统以及生物信息校正方法 - Google Patents

生物信息测量系统以及生物信息校正方法 Download PDF

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WO2021208790A1
WO2021208790A1 PCT/CN2021/085886 CN2021085886W WO2021208790A1 WO 2021208790 A1 WO2021208790 A1 WO 2021208790A1 CN 2021085886 W CN2021085886 W CN 2021085886W WO 2021208790 A1 WO2021208790 A1 WO 2021208790A1
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biological information
time interval
slope
host
wireless communication
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PCT/CN2021/085886
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄清俊
王炳竣
黄榆晴
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智准生医科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP21788021.0A priority Critical patent/EP4000516A4/en
Publication of WO2021208790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208790A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14503—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
    • A61B5/1451—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
    • A61B5/14517—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for sweat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1495—Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6832—Means for maintaining contact with the body using adhesives
    • A61B5/6833—Adhesive patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7221—Determining signal validity, reliability or quality
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems
    • A61B5/7267—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems involving training the classification device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
    • A61B5/7275—Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a measurement system and a correction method, in particular to a biological information measurement system and a biological information correction method.
  • the method of obtaining biological information is by a medical staff to draw blood with a needle or a user pierces the skin to obtain a small amount of blood before performing chemical analysis.
  • biological information for example, blood sugar
  • Such a measurement method is only the biological information obtained at a single point in time. If the intensive measurement is performed, it will not only cause inconvenience to the operator, but also cause greater pain to the subject, thereby generating a sense of rejection or reducing the number of measurements.
  • a bio-information sensing patch which can be attached to the skin of a living body, and with low-invasive puncture to reduce the pain of the subject and obtain tissue fluid, so that it can be continuous for a long time.
  • the biological information sensing patch needs to return the biological information to a host so that the user can read the measurement result.
  • the biometric information sensing patch needs to establish a connection with the host in a specific way, which causes application limitations and inconvenience.
  • the biological information sensing patch can also measure lagging biological information, such as measuring blood sugar from sweat or tissue fluid. Since the biological information measured by the biological information sensor patch is delayed for a period of time, how to make the biological information measured by the biological information sensor patch close to the current biological information is an important issue.
  • ECG electrocardiogram
  • EEG electroencephalogram
  • the present invention provides a biological information measurement system, which can selectively switch to a pairing mode or a beacon mode according to the number of connections of the measurement device, so that the biological information measurement system of the present invention can be applied to different application scenarios.
  • the present invention provides a biological information correction method that predicts the predicted slope of the biological information of the next time interval based on the change in the slope of the biological information of the previous time interval, and calculates the biological information of the next time interval with the predicted slope, so that the next time The biological information of the interval is close to the current biological information.
  • a biological information measurement system includes at least one measurement device and a host.
  • the measuring device is used to measure a piece of biological information of a body.
  • the host establishes a wireless communication connection with the measuring device to receive the biological information measured by the measuring device.
  • the host selectively switches to a pairing mode or a beacon mode according to the number of connections of the measuring device to establish a wireless connection with at least one measuring device. Communication connection.
  • a method for calibrating biological information includes obtaining a plurality of biological information of a body at a previous time interval and a current time interval by an electronic device, wherein the biological information is a lagging biological information; Calculate a slope of the biological information of the previous time interval and the current time interval; the electronic device predicts a predicted slope of the biological information of a time interval based on the change of the slope of the previous time interval and the current time interval; and The electronic device calculates the biological information after the next time interval according to the predicted slope.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a biological information measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the communication sequence of the biological information measurement system in the beacon mode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the encrypted connection steps of a biological information measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a biological information correction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing changes in biological information measured by the measuring device
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a biological information measurement system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a method for correcting biological information on the server side according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a method for calibrating biological information on the host side according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a biological information measuring system includes at least one measuring device 10 and a host 20.
  • the measuring device 10 is used to measure a piece of biological information of a body, such as at least one of the blood glucose level and the blood ketone level, but is not limited thereto.
  • the measuring device 10 may include a biological information sensing patch, or other implanted biological information sensing components.
  • the host 20 establishes a wireless communication connection with the measuring device 10 to receive the biological information measured by the measuring device 10.
  • the measuring device 10 includes a measuring element 11, a storage unit 12, an arithmetic unit 13 and a wireless communication element 14.
  • the measuring element 11 is correspondingly designed according to the target biological information to be measured.
  • the measuring element 11 may be a microneedle coated with an appropriate reaction reagent.
  • the computing unit 13 processes the biological information measured by the measuring element 11 and stores it in the storage unit 12 and/or transmits it back to the host 20 via the wireless communication element 14.
  • the host 20 includes a display element 21, a storage unit 22, an arithmetic unit 23 and a wireless communication element 24.
  • the host 20 receives the biological information measured by the measuring device 10 via the wireless communication element 24, and is processed by the computing unit 23 and stored in the storage unit 22 and/or displayed on the display element 21 for the user to read the biological information measured by the measuring device 10 information.
  • the host 20 is a computer, such as a desktop computer or a notebook computer, or a mobile internet device, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc., and can also be dedicated or non-dedicated for use with measurement devices 10 medical equipment.
  • the host 20 can selectively switch to a pairing mode or a beacon mode to establish a wireless communication connection with the measurement device 10 according to the number of connections of the measurement device 10. For example, when a single measurement device 10 establishes a wireless communication connection with the host 20, a pairing mode can be used to pair with the measurement device 10.
  • the connection in the pairing mode can be realized by using the existing communication protocol.
  • the measurement device 10 may follow the Bluetooth communication protocol, the Zigbee communication protocol, the Thread communication protocol, or the IEEE 802.11ah communication protocol (for example, the Sub-1 GHz communication protocol) to establish a wireless communication connection with the host 20.
  • the host 20 switches to the beacon mode to communicate with the measuring devices 10, 10a, 10b.
  • the host 20 waits to receive the plurality of measuring devices 10, 10a, and 10b to sequentially return the measured biological information.
  • the host 20 may divide a plurality of transmission intervals T1, T2, T3 between any two time synchronization signals Ts, and write the number of transmission intervals in the time synchronization signal Ts.
  • the measuring devices 10, 10a, and 10b can select the corresponding transmission intervals T1, T2, and T3 to return the biological information according to the time synchronization signal Ts. As shown in FIG. 2, the measurement device 10 returns a biological information signal R1 in the transmission interval T1; the measurement device 10a returns a biological information signal R2 in the transmission interval T2; and the measurement device 10b returns a biological information signal R3 in the transmission interval T3.
  • the number of transmission intervals T1, T2, and T3 must be equal to or greater than the number of wireless communication connections established between the measuring devices 10, 10a, and 10b with the host 20 to avoid communication collisions, that is, different measuring devices 10, 10a, or 10b returns biological information in the same transmission interval T1, T2, or T3.
  • the measuring devices 10, 10a, and 10b can select corresponding transmission intervals T1, T2, and T3 according to their device addresses. For example, the measuring devices 10, 10a, and 10b may take the remainder of the device address divided by the number of transmission intervals as the transmission interval for returning the biological information. If different measuring devices 10, 10a, 10b select the same transmission interval for communication, that is, when a communication collision occurs, one of the measuring devices 10, 10a, 10b can sequentially increase the remainder by one to avoid communication collisions.
  • the wireless communication connection between the measuring device 10 and the host 20 can be an encrypted communication connection, and this encryption method can be applied to the pairing mode or the beacon mode.
  • FIG. 3 illustrate the steps of establishing an encrypted wireless communication connection between the measuring device 10 and the host 20.
  • the measurement device 10 requests the host 20 to establish a wireless communication connection (S31), and the host 20 responds to the connection request of the measurement device 10 (S32).
  • the measuring device 10 and the host 20 each generate a first secret key (S33).
  • the measuring device 10 and the host 20 can generate the first key according to the device address of the measuring device 10, but it is not limited to this, the measuring device 10 and the host 20 can also be based on the device address of the host 10 or the host 10 and the measuring device 10 The device address generates the first key.
  • the measuring device 10 and the host 20 can use the first secret key to encrypt and decrypt the data transmitted by the wireless communication connection (S34).
  • the measuring device 10 and the host 20 can exchange a second secret key under the wireless communication connection encrypted with the first secret key (S35).
  • the host 20 can generate a second secret key and send it to the measuring device 10, or vice versa, then the measuring device 10 and the host 20 can use the second secret key to encrypt and decrypt the data transmitted by the wireless communication connection ( S36), for example, the host 20 transmits a time synchronization signal (S37) and the measurement device 10 returns biological information (S38).
  • the host 20 or the measuring device 10 may periodically or irregularly request the measuring device 10 to update the second secret key to improve the security of data transmission.
  • the target measured by the measuring device 10 may include measuring the blood glucose level and/or the blood ketone level from sweat or tissue fluid, there may be a delay phenomenon.
  • the biological information measured by the measuring device 10 it is necessary to correct the biological information measured by the measuring device 10.
  • FIG. 4 illustrate a biological information correction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an electronic device obtains a plurality of biological information of a body at a previous time interval and a current time interval (S41), such as lagging biological information.
  • the measuring device calculates the slope of the biological information for each time interval (S42). Please refer to Figure 5 together.
  • the measuring device measures the biological information r0, r1, r2 at time points t0, t1, and t2, and then calculates the slope k1 of the biological information corresponding to the time interval ⁇ t1, ⁇ t2. k2.
  • the measuring device predicts a predicted slope of the biological information for the next time interval according to the change of the slope of the biological information (S43). For example, when the absolute value of the slope (e.g. k2) of the current time interval (e.g. ⁇ t2) is greater than the absolute value of the slope (e.g. k1) of the previous time interval (e.g. ⁇ t1), it means that the change of biological information is slower.
  • the upward trend changes to a steep upward trend, as shown in Figure 5, or from a slow downward trend to a steep downward trend.
  • the predicted slope k3 may be the slope (k2) of the current time interval ( ⁇ t2) multiplied by a preset value.
  • the predicted slope can be the slope of the current time interval divided by a preset value.
  • the slope of the next time interval is predicted to be the slope of the current time interval.
  • the preset value can be adjusted according to the size of the time interval, the measured target biological information or other background factors, and can also be adjusted dynamically according to the ratio between the slopes of the plural time intervals.
  • the measuring device can calculate the biological information after the next time interval according to the predicted slope (S44).
  • the predicted slope of the next time interval (such as ⁇ t3) is k3. Therefore, based on the measured biological information r2 and the predicted slope k3 at the time point t2, it can be predicted that the next time interval ⁇ t3 will pass after the time Point t3's biological information r3.
  • the measuring device measures the biological information r4 and r5 at time points t4 and t5, and calculates the slope k4 of the time interval ⁇ t4. Since the absolute value of the slope k4
  • the biological information correction method of the present invention can be implemented without high computing power (such as matrix operations). Therefore, a measuring device with limited computing power and memory can implement the biological information correction method of the present invention, but it is not limited to this.
  • the biological information measurement system of the present invention may include a measurement device 10, a host 20, and a server 30 set in the cloud.
  • the host 20 and the server 30 can also implement the biological information correction method of the present invention.
  • the measuring device 10 can return the biological information to the host 20 via a wireless communication connection. Therefore, the host 20 can also implement the biological information calibration method of the present invention.
  • the host 20 may establish a connection with the server 30 via a mobile communication network or a wired or wireless network interface via the Internet 40, and transmit the biological information measured by the measuring device 10 to the server 30, and the server 30 can realize this
  • the invented biological information calibration method returns the prediction result to the host 20 for the user to read the prediction result.
  • the measurement device 10 transmits the measured biological information to the server 30 via the host 20, but it is not limited to this.
  • the measuring device 10c can directly establish a network communication connection with the server 30 via a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) to return the measuring device 10c
  • LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network
  • the low-power wide-area network may be LoRa, Sigfox or NB-IoT, which has the characteristics of small transmission data, long transmission distance, and power saving, so it is suitable for the measurement device of the present invention.
  • the server 30 may perform further prediction corrections on the biological information measured by the measuring device. Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 together.
  • the server 30 includes a storage unit 31, a machine learning operation unit 32 and a communication element 33.
  • the communication element 33 may be a wired or wireless network interface connected to the Internet 40 to receive the biological information measured by the measuring device 10c.
  • the server 10 stores the received multiple biological information of multiple different individuals in the storage unit 31 as a piece of historical biological information (S71).
  • the machine learning operation unit 32 establishes a calibration model through machine learning (S72).
  • the correction model is machine learning modeling based on a recurrent neural network (Recurrent Neural Network, RNN).
  • the server 30 trains a correction model based on the stored historical biological information of a plurality of different individuals (S73). Finally, the server 30 predicts the biological information of the specific individual at the next time interval by using the trained calibration model and the multiple biological information of the specific individual (S74), and transmits it to the host 20 for the user to read.
  • the server 30 may provide a calibration model to the host 20 for the host 20 to further predict and correct the biological information measured by the measuring device.
  • the host can store multiple biological information of a single individual as one body historical biological information (S81).
  • the calibration model established by the server 30 is trained with the stored individual historical biological information (S82).
  • the host uses the trained calibration model and multiple biological information of the specific individual to predict the biological information of the specific individual in the next time interval (S83), and displays it on the display element.
  • the biological information measurement system of the present invention can selectively switch between the pairing mode and the beacon mode according to the number of connections of the measurement device, so that the biological information measurement system of the present invention can be applied to different application scenarios.
  • the biological information correction method of the present invention can predict the biological information of the next time interval based on the change in the slope of the biological information, so that the predicted biological information is close to the current biological information, and the biological information correction method of the present invention can be compared with the computing power. Low measuring device is realized.

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Abstract

一种生物信息测量系统包含至少一测量装置（10，10a，10b，10c）以及一主机（20）。测量装置（10，10a，10b，10c）用以测量一个体的一生物信息（r0，r1，r2，r4，r5）。主机（20）与测量装置（10，10a，10b，10c）建立一无线通信连线，以接收测量装置（10，10a，10b，10c）所测量的生物信息（r0，r1，r2，r4，r5），其中主机（20）依据测量装置（10，10a，10b，10c）的连线数量，选择性切换为一配对模式或一信标模式与至少一测量装置（10，10a，10b，10c）建立无线通信连线，以使生物信息测量系统可适用于不同的应用情境。同时亦揭露一种生物信息校正方法，其可依据生物信息（r0，r1，r2，r4，r5）的斜率（k1，k2，k4）变化来预测未来的生物信息（r3），使预测的生物信息（r3）贴近当前的生物信息。

Description

生物信息测量系统以及生物信息校正方法 技术领域
本发明有关一种测量系统以及校正方法，特别是一种生物信息测量系统以及生物信息校正方法。
背景技术
现有技术中，获取生物信息(例如血糖)的方式是由医护人员扎针抽血或使用者自行刺穿皮肤取得少量血液后再进行化学分析。这样的测量方式仅是单一时间点所获得的生物信息，若密集测量，不仅造成操作者的不便，且让受测者产生较大的疼痛感，进而产生排斥感或减少测量次数。
为了克服上述问题，目前已开发出生物信息感测贴片，其可贴附生物体的皮肤，并以低侵入性的穿刺来减少受测者的疼痛感并取得组织液，如此可长时间且连续式的获得受测者的生物信息。一般而言，生物信息感测贴片需将生物信息回传至一主机，使用者才能读取测量的结果。然而，不同的应用情境，例如个人或照护机构，生物信息感测贴片需采用特定的方式与主机建立连线，如此导致应用上的限制与不便。
生物信息感测贴片除了可测量即时的生物信息，例如心电图(ECG)或脑波图(EEG)，亦可测量滞后的生物信息，例如从汗液或组织液中测量血糖。由于生物信息感测贴片所测量的生物信息会延迟一段时间，因此，如何使生物信息感测贴片测量到的生物信息贴近当前的生物信息即为一重要课题。
有鉴于此，提出一种生物信息感测贴片以克服上述缺点便是目前极需努力的目标。
发明内容
本发明提供一种生物信息测量系统，其可依据测量装置的连线数量选择性切换为一配对模式或一信标模式，以使本发明的生物信息测量系统可适用于不同的应用情境。
本发明提供一种生物信息校正方法是依据先前时间间隔的生物信息的斜率变化来预测下一时间间隔的生物信息的预测斜率，并以预测斜率计算下一时间间隔的生物信息，使下一时间间隔的生物信息贴近当前的生物信息。
本发明一实施例的生物信息测量系统包含至少一测量装置以及一主机。测量装置用以测量一个体的一生物信息。主机与测量装置建立一无线通信连线，以接收测量装置所测量的生物信息，其中主机依据测量装置的连线数量，选择性切换为一配对模式或一信标模式与至少一测量装置建立无线通信连线。
本发明另一实施例的生物信息校正方法包含以一电子装置取得一个体的一前一时间间隔以及一目前时间间隔的多个生物信息，其中生物信息为一滞后的生物信息；电子装置依据多个生物信息，计算前一时间间隔以及目前时间间隔的生物信息的一斜率；电子装置依据前一时间间隔以及目前时间间隔的斜率的变化，预测一下一时间间隔的生物信息的一预测斜率；以及电子装置依据预测斜率，计算下一时间间隔后的生物信息。
以下通过具体实施例配合所附的图式详加说明，当更容易了解本发明的目的、技术内容、特点及其所达成的功效。
附图说明
图1为一示意图，显示本发明一实施例的生物信息测量系统；
图2为一示意图，显示本发明一实施例的生物信息测量系统于信标模式时的通信时序；
图3为一示意图，显示本发明一实施例的生物信息测量系统的加密连线步骤；
图4为一流程图，显示本发明一实施例的生物信息校正方法；
图5为一示意图，显示测量装置所测量的生物信息的变化；
图6为一示意图，显示本发明另一实施例的生物信息测量系统；
图7为一示意图，显示本发明一实施例的服务器端的生物信息校正方法；
图8为一示意图，显示本发明一实施例的主机端的生物信息校正方法。
符号说明
10、10a、10b、10c      测量装置
11                     测量元件
12                     储存单元
13                     运算单元
14                     无线通信元件
20                     主机
21                     显示元件
22                     储存单元
23                     运算单元
24                     无线通信元件
30                     服务器
31                     储存单元
32                     机器学习运算单元
33                     通信元件
40                     网际网络
k1～k4                 斜率
R1、R2、R3             生物信息信号
r1～r5                 生物信息
S31～S38               加密步骤
S41～S44               校正步骤
S71～S74               校正步骤
S81～S83               校正步骤
T1、T2、T3             传送区间
t0～t5                 时间点
Ts                     时间同步信号
△t1～△t4             时间间隔
具体实施方式
以下将详述本发明的各实施例，并配合图式作为例示。除了这些详细说明之外，本发明亦可广泛地施行于其它的实施例中，任何所述实施例的轻易替代、修改、等效变化都包含在本发明的范围内，并以申请专利范围为准。在说明书的描述中，为了使读者对本发明有较完整的了解，提供了许多特定细节；然而，本发明可能在省略部分或全部特定细节的前提下，仍可实施。此外，众所周知的步骤或元件并未描述于细节中，以避免对本发明形成不必要的限制。图式中相同或类似的元件将以相同或类似符号来表示。特别注意的是，图式仅为示意之用，并非代表元件实际的尺寸或数量，有些细节可能未完全绘出，以求图式的简洁。
请参照图1，本发明的一实施例的生物信息测量系统包含至少一测量装置10以及一主机20。测量装置10用以测量一个体的一生物信息，例如血糖值以及血酮值至少其中之一，但不限于此。举例而言，测量装置10可包含一生物信息感测贴片，或其它植入式的生物信息感测元件。主机20与测量装置10建立一无线通信连线，以接收测量装置10所测量的生物信息。
测量装置10包含一测量元件11、一储存单元12、一运算单元13以及一无线通信元件14。测量元件11依据所需测量的标的生物信息作相对应的设计，举例而言，测量元件11可为涂布适当反应试剂的微针。运算单元13处理测量元件11所测量的生物信息并储存于储存单元12及/或经由无线通信元件14回传至主机20。
主机20包含一显示元件21、一储存单元22、一运算单元23以及一无线通信元件24。主机20经由无线通信元件24接收测量装置10所测量的生物信息，经运算单元23处理后储存于储存单元22及/或显示于显示元件21，以供使用者读取测量装置10所测量的生物信息。举例而言，主机20为一计算机，例如桌上型计算机或笔记型计算机，或行动上网装置(mobile internet device)，例如智能型手机、平板计算机等，亦可为专用或非专用于搭配测量装置10的医疗器材。
于一实施例中，主机20可依据测量装置10的连线数量，选择性切换为一配对模式(pairing mode)或一信标模式(beacon mode)与测量装置10建立无线通信连线。举例而言，单一测量装置10与主机20建立无线通信连线时，可采用配对模式与测量装置10进行配对。配对模式的连线可采用现有的通信协定加以实现。举例而言，测量装置10可遵循蓝牙通信协定、紫蜂(Zigbee)通信协定、Thread通信协定或IEEE 802.11ah的通信协定(例如Sub-1GHz的通信协定)与主机20建立无线通信连线。
当多个测量装置10、10a、10b与主机20建立无线通信连线时，主机20即切换至信标模式与测量装置10、10a、10b进行通信。于一实施例中，请参照图2，主机20周期性发送一时间同步信号Ts后，即等待接收多个测量装置10、10a、10b依序回传所测量的生物信息。举例而言，主机20可于任两个时间同步信号Ts之间划分多个传送区间T1、T2、T3，且于时间同步信号Ts中写入传送区间的数量。测量装置10、10a、10b收到时间同步信号Ts后，即可依据时间同步信号Ts选择相对应的传送区间T1、T2、T3回传生物信息。如图2所示，测量装置10于传送区间T1回传生物信息信号R1；测量装置10a于传送区间T2回传生物信息信号R2；测量装置10b于传送区间T3回传生物信息信号R3。可以理解的是，传送区间T1、T2、T3的数量须等于或大于测量装置10、10a、10b与主机20建立无线通信连线的连线数量，以避免发生通信碰撞，亦即不同的测量装置10、10a或10b于相同的传送区间T1、T2或T3回传生物信息。
于一实施例中，测量装置10、10a、10b可依据自身的设备地址(device address)选择相对应的传送区间T1、T2、T3。举例而言，测量装置10、10a、10b可取自身的设备地址除以传送区间的数量的余数作为回传生物信息的传送区间。若不同测量装置10、10a、10b 选择到相同的传送区间进行通信，即发生通信碰撞时，测量装置10、10a、10b其中之一可将余数依序加一，以避免发生通信碰撞的情形。
于一实施例中，为了数据传输的安全性，测量装置10以及主机20间的无线通信连线可为加密的通信连线，且此加密方式可适用于配对模式或信标模式。请参照图3，以说明测量装置10以及主机20建立加密的无线通信连线的步骤。首先，测量装置10向主机20提出建立无线通信连线的请求(S31)，主机20则回应测量装置10的连线请求(S32)。接着，测量装置10以及主机20各自产生一第一秘钥(S33)。举例而言，测量装置10以及主机20可依据测量装置10的装置地址产生第一秘钥，但不限于此，测量装置10以及主机20亦可依据主机10的装置地址或主机10以及测量装置10的装置地址产生第一秘钥。产生第一秘钥后，测量装置10以及主机20即能够以第一秘钥对无线通信连线所传送的数据进行加密以及解密(S34)。较佳者，测量装置10以及主机20可在以第一秘钥所加密的无线通信连线下交换一第二秘钥(S35)。举例而言，主机20可产生第二秘钥传送给测量装置10，或者相反，接着，测量装置10以及主机20即能够以第二秘钥对无线通信连线所传送的数据进行加密以及解密(S36)，例如主机20传送时间同步信号(S37)以及测量装置10回传生物信息(S38)。于一实施例中，主机20或测量装置10可定期或不定期要求测量装置10更新第二秘钥，以提升数据传输的安全性。
由于测量装置10所测量的标的可能包含从汗液或组织液中测量血糖值及/或血酮值等，因此可能会有延迟的现象。为了使测量装置10所测量的生物信息贴近当前的生物信息，有必要对测量装置10测量到的生物信息进行校正。请参照图4，以说明本发明一实施例的生物信息校正方法。首先，一电子装置取得一个体的一前一时间间隔以及一目前时间间隔的多个生物信息(S41)，例如滞后的生物信息。接着，测量装置计算每一时间间隔的生物信息的斜率(S42)。请一并参照图5，举例而言，测量装置分别于时间点t0、t1、t2测量得到生物信息r0、r1、r2，接着计算出对应时间间隔△t1、△t2的生物信息的斜率k1、k2。
接着，测量装置再以生物信息的斜率变化来预测下一时间间隔的生物信息的一预测斜率(S43)。举例而言，当目前时间间隔(例如△t2)的斜率(例如k2)的绝对值大于前一时间间隔(例如△t1)的斜率(例如k1)的绝对值时，代表生物信息的变化从缓升趋势改变为陡升趋势，如图5所示，或从缓降趋势改变为陡降趋势。此时，预测斜率k3可为目前时间间隔(△t2)的斜率(k2)乘以一预设值。相反的，当目前时间间隔的斜率的绝对值小于前一时间间隔的斜率的绝对值时，代表生物信息的变化从陡升趋势改变为缓升趋势，或从陡降趋 势改变为缓降趋势。此时，预测斜率可为目前时间间隔的斜率除以一预设值。或者，当目前时间间隔的斜率等于前一时间间隔的斜率时，预测下一时间间隔的斜率即为目前时间间隔的斜率。可以理解的是，预设值可依据时间间隔的大小、所测量的标的生物信息或其它背景因素进行调整，亦可动态依据复数时间间隔的斜率间的比值调整。最后，测量装置可依据预测斜率计算出下一时间间隔后的生物信息(S44)。举例而言，下一时间间隔(例如△t3)的预测斜率为k3，因此，依据时间点t2所测量到的生物信息r2以及预测斜率k3，即可预测经过下一时间间隔△t3后于时间点t3的生物信息r3。
当目前时间间隔的斜率的绝对值小于一门槛值时，可判断所测量到的生物信息即将反转，例如从上升趋势改变为下降趋势，或是从下降趋势改变为上升趋势，因此，预测斜率可为目前时间间隔的斜率的负值。请再参照图5，举例而言，测量装置于时间点t4、t5测量到生物信息r4、r5，并计算出时间间隔△t4的斜率k4。由于斜率k4的绝对值|k4|小于一门槛值，因此，下一时间间隔的预测斜率可为斜率k4的负值，亦即方向相反。
本发明的生物信息校正方法不需要较高的运算能力(例如矩阵运算)即可实现，因此，运算能力以及存储器有限的测量装置即可实现本发明的生物信息校正方法，但不限于此。请参照图6，于一实施例中，本发明的生物信息测量系统可包含测量装置10、主机20以及设置于云端的服务器30。主机20以及服务器30亦可实现本发明的生物信息校正方法。举例而言，测量装置10可经无线通信连线将生物信息回传至主机20，因此，主机20亦可实现本发明的生物信息校正方法。或者，主机20可经由行动通信网络或以有线或无线网络界面经由网际网络(Internet)40与服务器30建立连线，并传送测量装置10所测量的生物信息至服务器30，服务器30即可实现本发明的生物信息校正方法并回传预测结果至主机20，以供使用者读取预测结果。
前述的实施例中，测量装置10是经由主机20将所测量到的生物信息传送至服务器30，但不限于此。于一实施例中，请再参照图6，测量装置10c可直接经由一低功耗广域网络(Low Power Wide Area Network，LPWAN)而与服务器30建立一网络通信连线，以回传测量装置10c所测量到的生物信息。举例而言，低功耗广域网络可为LoRa、Sigfox或NB-IoT，其具有传输数据量小、传输距离长及省电等特性，因而适用于本发明的测量装置。
于一实施例中，服务器30可对测量装置所测量到的生物信息作进一步的预测校正。请一并参照图6以及图7，于一实施例中，服务器30包含一储存单元31、一机器学习运算单元32以及一通信元件33。通信元件33可为有线或无线网络界面而与网际网络40连接， 以接收测量装置10c所测量到的生物信息。首先，服务器10将接收到的多个不同个体的多个生物信息储存于储存单元31，以作为一历史生物信息(S71)。接着，机器学习运算单元32通过机器学习建立一校正模型(S72)。举例而言，校正模型是基于递回式类神经网络(Recurrent neural network，RNN)的机器学习建模。接着，服务器30以所储存的多个不同个体的历史生物信息来训练校正模型(S73)。最后，服务器30以训练完成的校正模型以及特定个体的多个生物信息，来预测下一时间间隔的特定个体的生物信息(S74)，并传送至主机20以供使用者读取。
于一实施例中，服务器30可提供校正模型给主机20，以供主机20对测量装置所测量到的生物信息作进一步的预测校正。举例而言，请参照图8，主机可储存单一个体的多个生物信息作为一个体历史生物信息(S81)。接着，以所储存的个体历史生物信息训练服务器30所建立的校正模型(S82)。最后，主机以训练完成的校正模型以及特定个体的多个生物信息，来预测下一时间间隔的特定个体的生物信息(S83)，并显示于显示元件。
综合上述，本发明的生物信息测量系统可依据测量装置的连线数量选择性在配对模式以及信标模式的间切换，以使本发明的生物信息测量系统可适用于不同的应用情境。此外，本发明的生物信息校正方法可依据生物信息的斜率变化来预测下一时间间隔的生物信息，使预测的生物信息贴近当前的生物信息，且本发明的生物信息校正方法能够以运算能力较低的测量装置加以实现。
以上所述的实施例仅是为说明本发明的技术思想及特点，其目的在使本领域技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，当不能以的限定本发明的专利范围，即大凡依本发明所揭示的精神所作的均等变化或修饰，仍应涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，包含：
    至少一测量装置，其用以测量一个体的一生物信息；以及
    一主机，其与所述测量装置建立一无线通信连线，以接收所述测量装置所测量的所述生物信息，其中所述主机依据所述测量装置的连线数量，选择性切换为一配对模式或一信标模式与所述至少一测量装置建立所述无线通信连线。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述无线通信连线遵循蓝牙通信协定、紫蜂通信协定、Thread通信协定或IEEE 802.11ah的通信协定。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述主机与多个所述测量装置在所述信标模式建立所述无线通信连线时，周期性发送一时间同步信号后等待接收所述多个测量装置依序回传的所述生物信息。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述主机于所述时间同步信号之间划分多个传送区间，且于所述时间同步信号中写入所述传送区间的数量。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述传送区间的所述数量等于或大于与所述主机建立所述无线通信连线的所述测量装置的连线数量，且每一所述测量装置选择相对应的所述传送区间回传的所述生物信息。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述主机为一计算机、行动上网装置、或医疗器材。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述生物信息包含血糖值以及血酮值至少其中之一。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述主机以及所述测量装置依据所述主机以及所述测量装置至少其中之一的装置地址产生一第一秘钥，并以所述第一秘钥加密所述无线通信连线。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的生物信息测量系统，其特征在于，所述主机以及所述测量装置以所述第一秘钥所加密的所述无线通信连线交换一第二秘钥，并以所述第二秘钥加密所述无线通信连线，以传送所述生物信息，其中所述第二秘钥定期或不定期更新。
  10. 一种生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，包含：
    以一电子装置取得一个体的一前一时间间隔以及一目前时间间隔的多个生物信息，其中所述生物信息为一滞后的生物信息；
    所述电子装置依据所述多个生物信息，计算所述前一时间间隔以及所述目前时间间隔的所述生物信息的一斜率；
    所述电子装置依据所述前一时间间隔以及所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率的变化，预测一下一时间间隔的所述生物信息的一预测斜率；以及
    所述电子装置依据所述预测斜率，计算所述下一时间间隔后的所述生物信息。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率等于所述前一时间间隔的所述斜率时，所述预测斜率为所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率的绝对值大于所述前一时间间隔的所述斜率的绝对值时，所述预测斜率为所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率乘以一预设值。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率的绝对值小于所述前一时间间隔的所述斜率的绝对值时，所述预测斜率为所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率除以一预设值。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率的绝对值小于一门槛值时，所述预测斜率为所述目前时间间隔的所述斜率的负值。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，更包含：
    以一服务器储存多个不同的所述个体的所述多个生物信息作为一历史生物信息；
    所述服务器通过机器学习建立一校正模型；
    所述服务器以所述历史生物信息训练所述校正模型；以及
    所述服务器以训练后的所述校正模型以及所述个体的所述多个生物信息，预测所述下一时间间隔的所述生物信息。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述校正模型是基于递回式类神经网络的机器学习建模。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述电子装置为一测量装置，且所述测量装置经由一低功耗广域网络与所述服务器建立一网络通信连线，以回传所测量的所述个体的所述多个生物信息。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，更包含：
    以一主机储存所述个体的所述多个生物信息作为一个体历史生物信息；
    所述主机以所述个体历史生物信息训练所述校正模型；以及
    所述主机以训练后的所述校正模型以及所述个体的所述多个生物信息，预测所述下一时间间隔的所述生物信息。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述电子装置为一测量装置，且所述测量装置经由蓝牙通信协定、紫蜂通信协定、Thread通信协定或IEEE802.11ah的通信协定与所述主机建立一无线通信连线，以回传所测量的所述个体的所述多个生物信息。
  20. 如权利要求10所述的生物信息校正方法，其特征在于，所述电子装置为一测量装置，且所述测量装置包含一测量元件，用以测量所述个体的所述多个生物信息。
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