WO2021208423A1 - 一种基于pca学习的显卡接口机器测试方法 - Google Patents

一种基于pca学习的显卡接口机器测试方法 Download PDF

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WO2021208423A1
WO2021208423A1 PCT/CN2020/129653 CN2020129653W WO2021208423A1 WO 2021208423 A1 WO2021208423 A1 WO 2021208423A1 CN 2020129653 W CN2020129653 W CN 2020129653W WO 2021208423 A1 WO2021208423 A1 WO 2021208423A1
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陈博
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艾瑞思检测技术(苏州)有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N17/00Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
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  • the invention belongs to the field of graphics card interface testing, and in particular relates to an automatic testing method of a graphics card interface.
  • the present invention uses an industrial host computer equipped with a composite interface video collector to replace the display, collects the output signal of the graphics card interface through the video collector, and decodes it in the host computer, and realizes the automatic classification of video quality in combination with a machine learning method.
  • the present invention provides an automated test method for a graphics card interface, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Connect the product to be tested to the video capture device with the corresponding model cable
  • Step 2 Play the test video, the video collector collects the output information of the display interface, and uploads it to the industrial host computer;
  • Step 3 The industrial host computer decodes the graphics card interface information and saves the frame image
  • Step 4 Perform principal component analysis on the frame image to extract main information of the image
  • each frame of image can be digitized into an m ⁇ n matrix A.
  • Each element in matrix A represents a pixel in the picture.
  • the frame image has a total of mn pixels.
  • the size of m and n is determined by the test video. The resolution is determined.
  • U and V are the characteristic matrices of AA T and A T A, respectively, and ⁇ is the following form:
  • each frame of image A can be expanded into the following outer product form:
  • Step 5 Use the analyzed image as the input of the machine learning classifier to obtain the detection result.
  • the input layer of the neural network is composed of mn neurons, that is, mn pixels of the corresponding image A, and the hidden layer is composed of p neurons, and its output is
  • the output layer is composed of 2 neurons, which represent qualified and unqualified respectively. Its expression is
  • v j is the offset of the corresponding output
  • v jh is the corresponding input t h to the output the weight of.
  • step 2 retains the first k terms in the outer product form to extract the main information of the image
  • step 3 the weights ⁇ hi , v jh and the bias ⁇ h , v j are obtained by training by solving the following optimization problem
  • the advantages of the present invention are mainly embodied in that it can be compatible with various types of interfaces, does not need to be equipped with a display corresponding to the interface, uses a video collector and an industrial upper computer to complete the collection and decoding of interface information, and reduces the material cost.
  • detection it combines principal component analysis and machine learning methods to achieve rapid and efficient automatic video quality detection, reducing labor costs and improving efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an automated testing method for a graphics card interface of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a framework diagram of an automated testing method for a graphics card interface of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is the simulation result of step four of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the detection accuracy of the present invention under different degrees of dimensionality reduction.
  • Step 1 Connect the product to be tested to the industrial host computer with the video capture card installed with the corresponding type of wire;
  • Step 2 Play the test video, and the video capture card collects the graphics interface information of the product to be tested and sends it to the industrial host computer
  • Step 3 The industrial host computer decodes the graphics card interface information to generate and save a frame image
  • Step 4 Perform principal component analysis on the frame image, the purpose of which is to extract the main information of the image.
  • each frame of image can be digitized into an m ⁇ n matrix A.
  • Each element in matrix A represents a pixel in the picture.
  • the frame image has a total of mn pixels.
  • the size of m and n is determined by the test video. The resolution is determined.
  • U and V are the characteristic matrices of AA T and A T A, respectively, and ⁇ is the following form:
  • each frame of image A can be expanded into the following outer product form:
  • Step 5 Use the analyzed image as the input of the machine learning classifier to obtain the detection result.
  • y l 1 indicates that the quality of A kl is unqualified
  • the input layer of the neural network is composed of mn neurons, that is, mn pixels of the corresponding image A, and the hidden layer is composed of p neurons, and its output is
  • the output layer is composed of 2 neurons, which represent qualified and unqualified respectively. Its expression is

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于PCA学习的显卡接口机器测试方法,包括以下步骤:步骤1:用对应型号线材将待测产品连接到视频采集器;步骤2:播放测试视频,视频采集器收集显示接口输出信息,并上传至工业上位机;步骤3:工业上位机对显卡接口信息进行解码,并保存帧图像;步骤4:对所述帧图像进行主成分分析,提取图像主要信息;步骤5:将上述分析后的图像作为机器学习分类器的输入,从而得到检测结果。本发明能够兼容各种类型的接口,无需配备对应接口的显示器,利用视频采集器和工业上位机完成接口信息的采集与解码,降低了物力成本。

Description

一种基于PCA学习的显卡接口机器测试方法 技术领域
本发明属于显卡接口测试领域,具体涉及一种显卡接口的自动化测试方法。
背景技术
在显卡接口测试领域中,通常需要将待测产品接到具备对应类型接口的显示器,然后播放测试视频,由人工来检查视频显示质量是否合格。不仅在设备上需要配备各种接口类型的显示器,人工检查也存在因人工失误和检测时间长而影响生产效率,需要大量的人力物力成本。为此,本发明采用配备复合接口视频采集器的工业上位机替代显示器,通过视频采集器收集显卡接口输出信号,并在上位机中进行解码,结合机器学习方法实现视频质量的自动分类。
发明内容
为克服上述困难,本发明提供一种显卡接口的自动化测试方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:用对应型号线材将待测产品连接到视频采集器;
步骤2:播放测试视频,视频采集器收集显示接口输出信息,并上传至工业上位机;
步骤3:工业上位机对显卡接口信息进行解码,并保存帧图像;
步骤4:对所述帧图像进行主成分分析,提取图像主要信息;
首先每一帧图像都可以被数字化为一个m×n的矩阵A,矩阵A中的每一个元素都表示图片中的一个像素,帧图像一共有mn个像素,m和n的大小是由测试视频的分辨率决定的。对图像A进行奇异值分解,可得:
A=U∑V T
其中U和V分别为AA T和A TA的特征矩阵,∑则为如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000001
其中,σ 1>σ 2>…>σ n>0为A的奇异值,因此,每一帧图像A都可以展开为如 下外积形式:
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000002
其中,u 1…u n和v 1…v n分别依次对应矩阵U和矩阵V的列向量。
步骤5:将上述分析后的图像作为机器学习分类器的输入,从而得到检测结果。其中,选择三层神经网络作为机器学习分类器的训练模型,训练数据
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000003
则由标记好的历史的检测数据得到,其中y l=1表示A kl质量不合格,y l=0则表示A kl质量合格。
神经网络的输入层由mn个神经元组成,即对应图像A的mn个像素,隐藏层由p个神经元组成,其输出为
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000004
ω h对应每个隐藏层神经元的偏置,ω hi对应输入u i到神经元t h的权重,σ则是激活函数
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000005
最后输出层由2个神经元组成,分别代表合格与不合格。其表达式为
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000006
其中v j为对应输出的偏置,v jh为对应输入t h到输出
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000007
的权重。
最后,将待测待测产品的显卡接口输出图像作为输入,得到最终的检测结果。
优选的,步骤2保留外积形式的前k项从而提取图像主要信息
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000008
优选的,其中,定义
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000009
λ越大,图像保留的信息也越多,根据下式作为选择k值的准则
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000010
即保留原图像95%的信息。
优选的,步骤3中:最后通过求解以下最优化问题来训练得到权重ω hi,v jh和偏置ω h,v j
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000011
其中y lj为样本A kl的标签。
本发明的优势主要体现在:能够兼容各种类型的接口,无需配备对应接口的显示器,利用视频采集器和工业上位机完成接口信息的采集与解码,降低了物力成本。在检测方面,结合了主成分分析与机器学习方法,实现了快速高效的视频质量自动化检测,降低了人力成本,同时提高了效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种显卡接口的自动化测试方法流程图。
图2为本发明一种显卡接口的自动化测试方法框架图。
图3为本发明步骤四的仿真结果。
图4为本发明降维不同程度下的检测精度。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图1,2对本发明做进一步说明。
步骤1:用相应类型线材将待测产品连接安装了视频采集卡的工业上位机;
步骤2:播放测试视频,视频采集卡采集待测产品的显卡接口信息并发送到所述工业上位机
步骤3:所述工业上位机对所述显卡接口信息解码生成并保存帧图像;
步骤4:对所述帧图像进行主成分分析,其目的是提取图像主要信息。首先每一帧图像都可以被数字化为一个m×n的矩阵A,矩阵A中的每一个元素都表示图片中的一个像素,帧图像一共有mn个像素,m和n的大小是由测试视频的分辨率决定的。对图像A进行奇异值分解,可得:
A=U∑V T
其中U和V分别为AA T和A TA的特征矩阵,∑则为如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000012
其中,σ 1>σ 2>…>σ n>0为A的奇异值,因此,每一帧图像A都可以展开为如下外积形式:
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000013
其中,u 1…u n和v 1…v n分别依次对应矩阵U和矩阵V的列向量,保留外积形式的前k项以实现提取图像主要信息的目的
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000014
其中,定义
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000015
λ越大,图像保留的信息也越多,根据下式作为选择k值的准则
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000016
即保留原图像95%的信息,其降维效果如图3所示;
步骤5:将上述分析后的图像作为机器学习分类器的输入,从而得到检测结果。其中,选择三层神经网络作为机器学习分类器的训练模型,训练数据
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000017
则由标记好的历史的检测数据得到,其中y l=1表示A kl质量不合格,y l=0则表示A kl质量合格。这里我们选择了。
神经网络的输入层由mn个神经元组成,即对应图像A的mn个像素,隐藏层由p个神经元组成,其输出为
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000018
ω h对应每个隐藏层神经元的偏置,ω hi对应输入u i到神经元t h的权重,σ则是激活函数
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000019
最后输出层由2个神经元组成,分别代表合格与不合格。其表达式为
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000020
其中v j为对应输出的偏置,v jh为对应输入t h到输出
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000021
的权重。最后通过求解以下最优化问题来训练得到权重ω hi,v jh和偏置ω h,v j
Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-000022
其中y lj为样本A kl的标签。
我们选取了过往50个合格产品和50个不合格产品的输出信号,将其PCA降维处理后用于神经网络训练,得到训练好的神经网络分类器。最后,将待测待测产品的显卡接口输出图像作为输入,机器学习分类器输出合格或者不合格的分类结果。选取另外的50个合格产品和50个不合格产品做为测试集,用于检验训练结果,图4显示了不同降维程度下的检测精度,可以发现在提取特征维度在10到25之间时,检测准确率达到了99%,当特征过多或者过少时,检测精度均有所下降。最后,在应用中选取10个特征维度作为降维后的输入,完成100个产品的检测仅需2.3秒,实现了很高的检测效率。
如上所述,便可较好地实现本发明,上述实施例仅为本发明的典型实施例,并非用来限定本发明的实施范围,即凡依本发明内容所作的均等变化与修饰,都为本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围所涵盖。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种基于PCA学习的显卡接口机器测试方法,其特征在于:
    步骤1:用对应型号线材将待测产品连接到视频采集器;
    步骤2:播放测试视频,视频采集器收集显示接口输出信息,并上传至工业上位机;
    步骤3:工业上位机对显卡接口信息进行解码,并保存帧图像;
    步骤4:对所述帧图像进行主成分分析,提取图像主要信息;
    首先每一帧图像都可以被数字化为一个m×n的矩阵A,矩阵A中的每一个元素都表示图片中的一个像素,帧图像一共有mn个像素,m和n的大小是由测试视频的分辨率决定的;对图像A进行奇异值分解,可得:
    A=UΣV T
    其中U和V分别为AA T和A TA的特征矩阵,Σ则为如下形式:
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100001
    其中,σ 1>σ 2>…>σ n>0为A的奇异值,因此,每一帧图像A都可以展开为如下外积形式:
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100002
    其中,u 1…u n和v 1…v n分别依次对应矩阵U和矩阵V的列向量;
    步骤5:将上述分析后的图像作为机器学习分类器的输入,从而得到检测结果;其中,选择三层神经网络作为机器学习分类器的训练模型,训练数据S=(A kl,y l)则由标记好的历史的检测数据得到,其中y l=1表示A kl质量不合格,y l=0则表示A kl质量合格;
    神经网络的输入层由mn个神经元组成,即对应图像A的mn个像素,隐藏层由p个神经元组成,其输出为
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100003
    ω h对应每个隐藏层神经元的偏置,ω hi对应输入u i到神经元t h的权重,σ则是激 活函数
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100004
    最后输出层由2个神经元组成,分别代表合格与不合格;其表达式为
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100005
    其中v j为对应输出的偏置,v jh为对应输入t h到输出
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100006
    的权重;
    最后,将待测待测产品的显卡接口输出图像作为输入,得到最终的检测结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于PCA学习的显卡接口机器测试方法,其特征在于:步骤2保留外积形式的前k项从而提取图像主要信息
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100007
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于PCA学习的显卡接口机器测试方法,其特征在于:其中,定义
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100008
    λ越大,图像保留的信息也越多,根据下式作为选择k值的准则
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100009
    即保留原图像95%的信息。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于PCA学习的显卡接口机器测试方法,其特征在于:步骤3中:最后通过求解以下最优化问题来训练得到权重ω hi,v jh和偏置ω h,v j
    Figure PCTCN2020129653-appb-100010
    其中y lj为样本A kl的标签。
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