WO2021207455A1 - Procédés et systèmes de purification d'une solution aqueuse avec un générateur de radicaux libres - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes de purification d'une solution aqueuse avec un générateur de radicaux libres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021207455A1
WO2021207455A1 PCT/US2021/026320 US2021026320W WO2021207455A1 WO 2021207455 A1 WO2021207455 A1 WO 2021207455A1 US 2021026320 W US2021026320 W US 2021026320W WO 2021207455 A1 WO2021207455 A1 WO 2021207455A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aqueous solution
free radical
treatment gas
reaction chamber
radical treatment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2021/026320
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pravansu S. Mohanty
Raj Siman SWAMY NAIDU UGAPATHY
David Louis LOPEZ-MAES
Ruslan Joseph MENEZES
Sujeet Shyamsunder SHINDE
Volodymyr Ivanovich GOLOTA
Original Assignee
Somnio Global Holdings, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Somnio Global Holdings, Llc filed Critical Somnio Global Holdings, Llc
Publication of WO2021207455A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021207455A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/301—Detergents, surfactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/022—Laminar
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/026—Spiral, helicoidal, radial
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to systems and processes for purifying aqueous solutions and more particularly to systems and processes for removing bacteria from aqueous solutions using oxygen radicals.
  • Aqueous solutions such as water, must be treated and purified before being incorporated into a variety of end use applications.
  • Applications that require purification may include potable drinking water or clean water for use in swimming pools.
  • water for these end use applications is purified through a variety of chemical processes, which may include chlorine disinfection, flocculation, and coagulation to remove unwanted particles suspended in the water.
  • these traditional treatment methods may become unreliable if seasonal variations change the composition of the source water.
  • these systems which are often run on the industrial level, may be restricted to populous cities or regions, thereby being inaccessible to individuals who do not live within these areas.
  • Water purification also becomes relevant during traditional laundry operations, such as those conducted in commercially available washing machines.
  • a surfactant such as soap
  • dirty laundry which may include bacteria, dirt, or other unwanted particles.
  • the surfactant removes the unwanted particles from the clothes.
  • the contaminated surfactant, along any other uncontaminated surfactant, is then indiscriminately removed from the washing machine to ensure that the clothes are not again subjected to the unwanted particles.
  • this system is inefficient as the uncontaminated surfactant and water may be lost as waste.
  • the systems and processes contemplated herein incorporate a free radical generator, in which an ambient gas stream comprising oxygen and water may be contacted with the free radical generator.
  • a free radical generator in which an ambient gas stream comprising oxygen and water may be contacted with the free radical generator.
  • Contacting the ambient gas stream with the free radical generator cause at least a portion of the oxygen and water present in the ambient gas stream to undergo a reaction, thereby producing a free radical treatment gas including ozone and hydroxyl radicals.
  • the free radical treatment gas may be contacted with an aqueous solution, such as water, that includes bacteria. Contacting the aqueous solution with the free radical treatment gas may reduce the bacteria present in the aqueous solution to produce a treated aqueous solution.
  • a free radical generator as used herein may be as described in PCT/US2017/050087 (“the ‘087 application”), which is incorporated by reference.
  • the free radical generator may include a plurality of ignition tips are optionally provided on each discharge pin to generate a plurality of streamers.
  • the discharge pins are optionally arranged such that streamer heads constrain themselves to reduce secondary branching. Yet further, the discharge pins lend themselves amenable to cost effective manufacturing and assembly.
  • a process for methods for purifying an aqueous solution may include contacting an ambient gas stream comprising oxygen and water with a free radical generator, where contacting the ambient gas stream causes at least a portion of oxygen and water present in the ambient gas stream to undergo a reaction to produce a free radical treatment gas comprising ozone and hydroxyl radicals.
  • the process may further include contacting at least a portion of the free radical treatment gas with the aqueous solution, where the aqueous solution comprises bacteria and contacting the aqueous solution with the free radical treatment gas reduces the bacteria present in the aqueous solution to produce a treated aqueous solution.
  • a system for purifying an aqueous solution may include a free radical generator operable to produce a free radical treatment gas comprising ozone from an ambient gas stream comprising oxygen.
  • the system may further include a reaction chamber downstream from the free radical generator, where the reaction chamber is operable to contact at least a portion of the free radical treatment gas comprising ozone with the aqueous solution and to reduce the bacteria present in the aqueous solution to produce a treated aqueous solution.
  • the treated aqueous solution may then be incorporated into a variety of applications, such as drinking water, a swimming pool, or incorporated into traditional laundering processes, or under the sink to recycle grey water.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 schematically depicts a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 schematically depicts a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 schematically depicts a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 depicts a perspective view of a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 depicts a perspective view of a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 depicts a perspective view of a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 presents the progression of bacterial removal in a water tank by utilizing the system as illustrated in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 10 presents the progression of bacterial removal in an aqueous solution including a surfactant by utilizing the system as illustrated in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 11 schematically depicts a system for purifying an aqueous solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Arrows in the drawings refer to process streams. However, the arrows may equivalently refer to transfer lines, which may serve to transfer process streams between two or more system components. Additionally, arrows that connect to system components may define inlets or outlets in each given system component. The arrow direction corresponds generally with the major direction of movement of the materials of the stream contained within the physical transfer line signified by the arrow. Furthermore, arrows that do not connect two or more system components may signify a product stream, which exits the depicted system, or a system inlet stream, which enters the depicted system. Product streams may be further processed in accompanying chemical processing systems or may be commercialized as end products.
  • arrows in the drawings may schematically depict process steps of transporting a stream from one system component to another system component.
  • an arrow from one system component pointing to another system component may represent “passing” a system component effluent to another system component, which may include the contents of a process stream “exiting” or being “removed” from one system component and “introducing” the contents of that product stream to another system component.
  • two or more process streams are “mixed” or “combined” when two or more lines intersect in the schematic flow diagrams.
  • Mixing or combining may also include mixing by directly introducing both streams into a like system component, such as a vessel, reactor, separator, or other system component.
  • a vessel such as a vessel, reactor, separator, or other system component.
  • the streams could equivalently be introduced into the system component and be mixed in the system component.
  • FOG Free Radical Generator
  • free radical means an atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired valence electron and is therefore unstable and highly reactive as those terms are recognized in the art.
  • free oxygen radicals are produced by the following inelastic electron collisions:
  • purified is defined as having a total anerobic bacterial plate count of less than or equal to 200 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 milliliters (mL).
  • purified also includes no detectable Salmonella spp., E. coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , or coliforms.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of a system 100 for purifying an aqueous solution is depicted.
  • the system 100 may include free radical generator 110 and a reaction chamber 120 downstream from the free radical generator 110.
  • the process for purifying an aqueous solution may be performed using the system 100 to remove or destroy contaminants, such as bacteria, from aqueous solutions, such as water.
  • the process for purifying an aqueous solution may include contacting an ambient gas stream 112 including oxygen and water with the free radical generator 110, where contacting the ambient gas stream 112 may cause at least a portion of the oxygen and water present in the ambient gas stream 112 to undergo a reaction to produce a free radical treatment gas 114 including ozone and or one or more other reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals.
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • the process for purifying an aqueous solution may further include contacting at least a portion of the free radical treatment gas 114 with an aqueous solution 122, where the aqueous solution 122 includes bacteria and contacting the aqueous solution 122 with the free radical treatment gas 114 reduces the bacteria present in the aqueous solution 122 to produce a treated aqueous solution 124.
  • the treated aqueous solution 124 may include a geometric mean bacterial concentration of less than 200 cfu/100 mL, such as less than 190 cfu/100 mL, less than 180 cfu/100 mL, less than 170 cfu/100 mL, less than 160 cfu/100 mL, less than 150 cfu/100 mL, less than 140 cfu/100 mL, or less than or equal to 130 cfu/100 mL.
  • the system 100 may further include a Venturi injector 130, through which both the free radical treatment gas 114 and the aqueous solution 122 are passed to form a mixed stream 140.
  • a Venturi injector has a convergent-divergent body through which a liquid travels and the shape of the injector creates a suction for drawing in a gas, which then becomes mixed with the liquid.
  • the mixed stream may include the free radical treatment gas 114, the aqueous solution 122, or both the free radical treatment gas 114 and the aqueous solution 122.
  • the Venturi injector 130 may create a suction to force contact between the aqueous solution 122 and the free radical treatment gas 114 before the mixed stream 140 is passed to the reaction chamber 120.
  • excess aqueous solution 123 may be passed through a bypass valve 150 in order to control the amount of aqueous solution 122 ultimately passed to the reaction chamber 120.
  • Other approaches to mixing the free radical treatment gas into the aqueous solution may also be used, either with or without a bypass.
  • the free radical treatment gas 114 and the aqueous solution 122 may be introduced in such a way so as to form a vortex 160.
  • the flow of aqueous solution is introduced into the reaction chamber along the wall or side, thereby introducing a rotational motion into the reaction chamber.
  • This rotational motion forms a vortex in which traditional vortex principles function to both increase contact of the free radical treatment gas with the aqueous solution, but also to promote upward movement of the lighter gas bubbles relative to a downward motion of the aqueous solution within the reaction chamber.
  • the vortex may be formed, increased or maintained in any other way known to those of skill in the art, including providing a stirring element.
  • an air column must be maintained in the reaction chamber so that the treatment gas may be separated from the aqueous solution into the air column above the aqueous solution. Maintaining the air column is related to maintaining the height of the aqueous solution within the reaction chamber.
  • the air column may be maintained by a float control valve 170, which may be coupled to the reaction chamber 120 through float line 126.
  • the float control valve 170 may be operable to reduce the amount of a used free radical treatment gas 172 exiting from the reaction chamber 120 when the aqueous solution 122 rises to a pre-determined threshold, thereby increasing the pressure within the reaction chamber 120 and decreasing the amount of aqueous solution present in the reaction vessel 120.
  • the float valve maintains the height of the aqueous solution be cutting off the exit of used free radical treatment gas, and allows the gas to exit when the solution level is low enough to maintain the air column.
  • the amount of the aqueous solution 122 may be dynamically maintained by the float valve.
  • the vortex 160 promotes the movement of free radical treatment gas 172 rising to the top of the reaction chamber where it is transferred through the float valve, so that it may be recycled in the system 100, and further ensures that the treated aqueous solution 124 flows to the bottom of the reaction chamber 120 so that it may exit the system 100.
  • the float control valve 170 may be completely open, completely closed, or partially open so long as the vortex 160 and the balance between gas/liquid pressures are maintained during operation of the system 100.
  • a portion or the entirety of the free radical treatment gas 172 liberated from the aqueous solution by the vortex and passed out of the system by the float valve 172 may be recycled back into the free radical generator 110 from recycle line 174 via the ambient gas stream 112.
  • the free radical treatment gas 172 carried by recycle line 174 may be contacted with make-up ambient gas 176, such as air, and fed back to the free radical generator 110 for a continuous process.
  • the make-up ambient gas 176 may ensure that the amount of free radical treatment gas 114 passed through the Venturi injector 130, and ultimately being passed to the reaction chamber 120, stays within a pre-determined or otherwise desired threshold.
  • the reutilization of free radical treatment gas 172 in the system 100 may increase the amount of free radicals in the free radical treatment gas 114 compared to systems that only utilize ambient gas. As such, the overall size and cost of the system 100 may be decreased compared to traditional systems. In addition, the system 100 may improve the disinfection efficiency of aqueous streams compared to traditional systems.
  • the system 100 may further include a dehumidifier 190 operable to dehumidify the ambient gas stream 112, the unused free radical treatment gas 172, or both before the ambient gas stream 112 is contacted with the free radical generator 110.
  • the dehumidifier 190 may be incorporated in systems 100 that may be used in environments having higher than average or higher than desired humidity. For example, the dehumidifier 190 may be preferable if the system 100 is utilized in outdoor environments in tropical regions, which have a higher-than-average humidity during the summer months.
  • the dehumidifier 190 may be preferable if the system 100 is indoors and the same is utilized to purify indoor pools or hot tubs, both of which produce large amounts of moisture into the atmosphere. As such, the dehumidifier 190 may be included to standardize performance of the system 100 across a variety of climates and environments, regardless of the moisture concentration.
  • a reaction chamber may be sized for any desired operating rate and volume.
  • a reaction chamber is from 1 gallon to 1000 gallons in volume, optionally 10 to 500 gallons, optionally 100 to 500 gallons, optionally 200 gallons or greater.
  • the system 100 may be capable of removing at least 90% of the bacteria initially present in the aqueous solution in less than 60 minutes.
  • the bacteria that may be removed is not particularly limited as the use of ozone and hydroxyl radicals to destroy and remove bacteria is substantially effective against all known bacterial species.
  • Illustrative examples of bacteria destroyed or removed by the systems as provided herein may include but are not limited to Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , or combinations thereof.
  • the system 100 may be capable of removing at least 90% of bacteria from an Olympic-sized swimming pool (e.g., purifying about 660,253 gallons of water) in less than 60 minutes.
  • the system 100 may include components that may be configured to remove bacteria/viruses, or other organisms or contaminants, may be used in a hot tub 180 or other container of heated or non-heated fluid. These components may include one or more filters 182 configured to remove large particulates from the aqueous solution; a dosing pump 184 that controls the amount of the aqueous solution moving through the system 100; one or more heaters 186 and 188 that may adjust the temperature of the aqueous solution in the system 100 to a desirable level; a drain plug 190; or a bleed valve 192 to remove excess pressure within the system 100.
  • filters 182 configured to remove large particulates from the aqueous solution
  • a dosing pump 184 that controls the amount of the aqueous solution moving through the system 100
  • one or more heaters 186 and 188 that may adjust the temperature of the aqueous solution in the system 100 to a desirable level
  • a drain plug 190 or a bleed valve 192 to remove excess pressure within the system 100
  • the process for purifying an aqueous solution including a surfactant may be performed using the system 200 to remove or destroy contaminants, such as bacteria, from aqueous solutions, such as water, including the surfactant and recycling any unused surfactant back into the system 200 for subsequent desirable uses.
  • the process for purifying an aqueous solution 216 including a surfactant may include contacting an ambient gas stream 212 including oxygen and water with the free radical generator 210, where contacting the ambient gas stream 212 may cause at least a portion of the oxygen and water present in the ambient gas stream 212 to undergo a reaction to produce a free radical treatment gas 214 including ozone and hydroxyl radicals.
  • the free radical treatment gas 214 may then be sprayed into the reaction chamber 220 through a diffuser 230.
  • contacting the free radical treatment gas 214 with the aqueous solution 216 including a surfactant reduces the amount of contaminants present in the aqueous solution 216 including a surfactant.
  • the aqueous solution 216 including a surfactant may be sprayed into the reaction chamber 220 through a nozzle 232 that may be oriented in a downward orientation so as to suppress foam formation and maintain a separation between the aqueous solution and the location in the storage tank 260 at which gas is removed and recycled back to the free radical generator.
  • the surfactant may include an anionic detergent, a cationic detergent, or combinations thereof, such as commercially available detergents.
  • a portion of free radical treatment gas may be recycled back into the free radical generator 210 from recycle line 240 via the ambient gas stream 212.
  • the recycle line exits from the uppermost part of the reaction chamber 220.
  • the unused free radical treatment gas carried by recycle line 240 may be contacted with make-up ambient gas, such as air, through an air pump 242 and fed back to the free radical generator 210 for a continuous process.
  • the make-up ambient gas may ensure that the amount of free radical treatment gas 214 ultimately passed to the reaction chamber 220, stays within a pre determined threshold.
  • a gas pump may be used to move the treatment gas through the system.
  • the surfactant containing aqueous solution that has been passed through the treatment gas may be collected in a storage tank 260.
  • the treated aqueous solution 250 including a surfactant may then be removed from the storage tank 260 through recycle line 262 via water pump 270 and recycled back into the reaction chamber 220 along with the aqueous solution 216 for subsequent treatment cycles. Recycling treated aqueous solution 250 may have a litany of industrial applications. Namely, typical systems, such as traditional washing machines, remove and dispose of both water and surfactant (e.g., detergent) regardless of whether it has been contacted with a contaminant, thereby creating exorbitant waste.
  • surfactant e.g., detergent
  • the system 200 overcomes this problem by recycling at least a portion of both the treated aqueous solution 250 and any surfactant present in that portion, thereby eliminating waste.
  • the clean aqueous solution may be used for subsequent wash cycles without the need for the addition of high amounts of detergent reducing detergent use and costs as well as reducing the amount of detergent being transferred into the environment.
  • the free radical treatment gas 214 may be flowed into the reaction chamber 220 through the diffuser 230.
  • the packed bed 280 may include graphite packing, glass packing, ceramic packing, or combinations thereof.
  • the system 200 that includes the packed bed 280 may be operated by flowing the treated aqueous solution 250 including a surfactant onto a top surface of the packed bed 280 while simultaneously flowing the free radical treatment gas 214 through a support 290 and onto a bottom surface 284 of the packed bed 280.
  • the packed bed 280 itself may function as a contact column to reduce any mechanical agitation within the reaction chamber 220, thereby reducing foam buildup within the reaction chamber 220.
  • the free radical treatment gas 214 produced by the free radical generator 210 (that may include a fan to circulate the treatment gas), is flowed through a nozzle 230 with a plurality of outlets 236 onto the top surface 294 of the inclined surface 290.
  • the aqueous solution 216 is then contacted with the free radical treatment gas 214 as the aqueous solution 216 flows over the inclined surface 290.
  • the periodic barriers 292 may be operable to slow the flow of the aqueous solution 216 and optionally to increase the surface areas of the surface so as to improve contact time with the treatment gas.
  • the film flow of the aqueous solution over the surface prevents mechanical agitation of the aqueous solution 216 thereby retarding the buildup of any foam that may result from mechanical agitation.
  • Multiple inclined surfaces may be incorporated into the system 200.
  • an inclined surface by further include a plurality of perforations (not shown) on inclined surface 290 so that the aqueous solution 216 may then be passed to the additional inclined surfaces.
  • the inclined surface 290 in embodiments, may comprise woven glass fiber or an ozone resistant polymer.
  • this system 200 may be especially efficient for contacting the aqueous solution 216 with the free radical treatment gas 214 because of the increased mass transfer between the free radical treatment gas 214 and the aqueous solution 216 when compared to traditional systems.
  • An inclined surface may be oriented at any angle, optionally vertically, or other angle so that aqueous solution flow may move along the surface by the force of gravity.
  • the system 200 may include a plurality of inclined surfaces 290 that are arranged as blades 296 along a rotary wheel 298, onto which the free radical treatment gas 214 is projected for contacting with aqueous solution.
  • a rotary wheel 298 onto which the free radical treatment gas 214 is projected for contacting with aqueous solution.
  • One or more of these rotary wheels 298 may be provided.
  • the wheels 298 are disposed in a reaction chamber 220 and aqueous solution 216 flows into the reaction chamber so as to define a solution level in the chamber.
  • the wheels 298 are positioned such that a lower portion of the wheels extends into the aqueous solution to wet the surfaces 290 forming the blades 296.
  • the wetted blades 296 rotate up and out of the aqueous solution 250 and a thin layer of the aqueous solution 216 on the blades 296 is exposed to the free radical treatment gas 214, which may then be mixed with the rest of the aqueous solution 216 present within the reaction chamber 220.
  • the rotation speed of the rotary wheel 298 may be adjusted to prevent any agitation of the aqueous solution 216, especially if the aqueous solution 216 includes a surfactant, in order to retard foam buildup within the reaction chamber 220.
  • the blades 298 may be formed from perforated sheets in order to form a stable film for contacting the aqueous solution 216 with the free radical treatment gas 214.
  • the system 200 shown in FIG. 8 may flow aqueous solution into the reaction chamber via an inlet 297.
  • a treated aqueous solution 250 may be removed from the reaction chamber 220, and thus from the system 200, via outlet 299, optionally for subsequent use.
  • Another issue with water treatment systems such as those provided herein when used for the treatment of laundry water is the presence of micro or nanoplastics in the system that contaminate the water stream and may lead to eventual environmental and health consequences for the users. Removal of these microplastics is difficult and continued recycling of water in a system may lead to the concentration of these microplastics. Large fibers present in the water can be physically removed by filters.
  • the reactive oxygen species e.g.
  • ozone and OH) from free radical gas can oxidize plastic materials, particularly the nanoparticles of poly(ethylene) and poly(styrene) and destroy them.
  • plastic materials particularly the nanoparticles of poly(ethylene) and poly(styrene) and destroy them.
  • a surface e.g. rotating wheel
  • this increased hydrophilicity will interact with the silica material to absorb the microplastic materials onto the surface thereby removing it from the treatment water.
  • the surface oxidation process also enhances the filtration efficiency of microparticles by modifying their surface energy; the filter being deployed at the outlet from the treatment container.
  • an electrochemical cell may be incorporated into systems 100 or 200 in order to enhance the removal of microplastics from the system.
  • the electrochemical cell which may include an anode and a cathode, may be configured in different modes depending on the end use of the treated aqueous solution 124 or 250
  • a consumable anode comprising iron or aluminum may promote electrocoagulation of the microplastic particles and form clusters of particles (e.g., contaminants), which may then be more easily removed from the systems 100 or 200 by filtration, sedimentation, or flocculation.
  • the electrochemical cell may include inert anodes comprising boron-doped diamond/silicon, titanium/platinum, graphite, or combinations thereof, all which may encourage oxidization of any plastics present in the aqueous solution thereby leading to their destruction.
  • the inert anodes may provide additional pathogenic purification of the aqueous solution.
  • an electrochemical cell may be employed in the system at any point in the aqueous solution flow.
  • an electrochemical cell may be employed upstream of a treatment chamber, optionally downstream of a treatment chamber, within a treatment chamber, or any combination thereof.
  • an electrochemical cell is operated upstream of a treatment chamber to remove or destroy microplastics from the system prior to the aqueous solution being treated or contacting the reactive oxygen species in the treatment gas.
  • the contaminated water having a contamination concentration of 8.42xl0 4 colony-forming units (CFUs)
  • CFUs colony-forming units
  • the flow rate of the ambient gas stream into the free radical generator to produce the ozone was 17.5 standard cubic feet per hour (SCFH) while the flow rate of the contaminated water into the system was 45 gallons per minute.
  • the tests were conducted at 20 degrees Celsius (°C) at a dew point of 5 °C.
  • the system required 151 watts of power during operation.
  • the system showed an immediate decrease in contamination at the outlet, such that the contamination concentration was completely eliminated at the outlet of the system within 3 minutes. Likewise, the contamination concentration at the inlet of the system was completely eliminated within 12 minutes.
  • Table 4 Bacterial Concentration in Ex. 3 and C. Ex. 3 [0064] All test samples were treated through the system as illustrated in FIG. 6 at a water flow rate of 14 liters per minute and a temperature of 22 °C. The air flow rate was 22 CFM and also at a temperature of 22 °C. Power of the free radical generator was 22 W, which produced an ozone concentration from 0 g/m 3 - 6.5 g/m 3 at the start and end of test respectively using ambient air as an oxygen source. Samples at various times were collected from the water of both the treatment and control systems and placed in a 15 ml sterile vial containing sodium thiosulfate to quench any dissolved ozone in the water. One ml of each sample was plated in a petri dish and agar media was added. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 hours prior to counting of bacterial colonies.
  • Patents, publications, and applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. These patents, publications, and applications are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual patent, publication, or application was specifically and individually incorporated herein by reference. [0070] The foregoing description is illustrative of particular embodiments of the invention, but is not meant to be a limitation upon the practice thereof.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des systèmes de purification d'une solution aqueuse. Le procédé de purification d'une solution aqueuse peut comprendre la mise en contact d'un flux de gaz ambiant comprenant de l'oxygène et de l'eau avec un générateur de radicaux libres, la mise en contact du flux de gaz ambiant amenant au moins une partie de l'oxygène et de l'eau présents dans le flux de gaz ambiant à subir une réaction pour produire un gaz de traitement de radicaux libres comprenant de l'ozone et des radicaux hydroxyle. Le procédé peut également comprendre la mise en contact d'au moins une partie du gaz de traitement des radicaux libres avec la solution aqueuse, la solution aqueuse comprenant des bactéries et la mise en contact de la solution aqueuse avec le gaz de traitement des radicaux libres réduisant les bactéries présentes dans la solution aqueuse pour produire une solution aqueuse traitée. Les systèmes de l'invention peuvent purifier des flux aqueux selon un ou plusieurs des procédés décrits dans le présent document.
PCT/US2021/026320 2020-04-08 2021-04-08 Procédés et systèmes de purification d'une solution aqueuse avec un générateur de radicaux libres WO2021207455A1 (fr)

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