WO2021207097A1 - Topologies de détection de réseau pour détection de fibre optique - Google Patents

Topologies de détection de réseau pour détection de fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021207097A1
WO2021207097A1 PCT/US2021/025817 US2021025817W WO2021207097A1 WO 2021207097 A1 WO2021207097 A1 WO 2021207097A1 US 2021025817 W US2021025817 W US 2021025817W WO 2021207097 A1 WO2021207097 A1 WO 2021207097A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dfos
sensing
topology
optical
network
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2021/025817
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ming-Fang Huang
Ting Wang
Original Assignee
Nec Laboratories America, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/221,820 external-priority patent/US11284173B2/en
Application filed by Nec Laboratories America, Inc. filed Critical Nec Laboratories America, Inc.
Publication of WO2021207097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021207097A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/27—Arrangements for networking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0052—Interconnection of switches
    • H04Q2011/006—Full mesh

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) applications and more particularly to DFOS network topologies that may advantageously be constructed from existing optical telecommunications facilities.
  • DFOS distributed fiber optic sensing
  • telecommunications carriers have constructed optical fiber infrastructures to support exploding quantities of telecommunications traffic that have become essential to contemporary life. Until most recently however, such infrastructures have been utilized to provide a single function - namely - data transmission and communications.
  • DFOS distributed fiber optic sensing systems
  • methods and structures that advantageously utilize existing telecommunications facilities.
  • telecommunications facilities serve as not only to convey telecommunications traffic - but as a sensor medium providing useful sensory information.
  • a DFOS system when so deployed may advantageously exploit network topologies and optical switches to provide novel sensing features including the detection of environmental events including acoustic, temperature, and vibrational events that may be indicative of societal activity including traffic and/or emergency events.
  • FIG. 1(A) is a schematic diagram illustrating a network sensing layer overlaid on an existing data communications network according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1(B) is a schematic diagram illustrating a network sensing layout comprising a network of interconnected optical switches according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distributed sensor network testbed over an existing communications network with topological optical fiber connections according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3(A) and FIG. 3(B) are schematic diagrams showing an illustrative star network topology for: FIG. 3(A) - distributed temperature sensing (DTS); and FIG. 3(B) - distributed vibration sensing (DVS) according to aspects of the present disclosure;
  • DTS distributed temperature sensing
  • DVS distributed vibration sensing
  • FIG. 4(A) and FIG. 4(B) are plots showing an illustrative environmental temperature detection for a ring network topology for different days and different fiber length, according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an illustrative ring sensor network topology according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a series of waterfall plots captured from DVS system illustrating vehicle traffic detection from an DFOS network exhibiting a ring topology according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a meshed sensor network topology according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8(A) is a series of waterfall plots in a selected 1-km window for 7 routes for vehicle traffic detected with a meshed topology
  • FIG 8(B) is a series of plots for routes 1 to 4 wherein fiber routes are sensed simultaneously with a 4-channel DVS according to aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a flexible sensor network topology according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10(A) is a plot of acoustic effects including a car passing by and a car horn collected via distributed acoustic sensing; and FIG. 10(B) is a plot showing traffic monitoring in a flexible sensor network according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs comprising the drawing are not drawn to scale.
  • DFOS distributed fiber optic sensing
  • contemporary interrogators are systems that generate an input signal to the fiber and detects / analyzes the reflected/scattered and subsequently received signal(s). The signals are analyzed, and an output is generated which is indicative of the environmental conditions encountered along the length of the fiber.
  • the signal(s) so received may result from reflections in the fiber, such as Raman backscattering, Rayleigh backscattering, and Brillion backscattering. It can also be a signal of forward direction that uses the speed difference of multiple modes. Without losing generality, the following description assumes reflected signal though the same approaches can be applied to forwarded signal as well.
  • a contemporary DFOS system includes an interrogator that periodically generates optical pulses (or any coded signal) and injects them into an optical fiber.
  • the injected optical pulse signal is conveyed along the optical fiber.
  • a small portion of signal is reflected and conveyed back to the interrogator.
  • the reflected signal carries information the interrogator uses to detect, such as a power level change that indicates - for example - a mechanical vibration.
  • the reflected signal is converted to electrical domain and processed inside the interrogator. Based on the pulse injection time and the time signal is detected, the interrogator determines at which location along the fiber the signal is coming from, thus able to sense the activity of each location along the fiber.
  • a DVS Distributed Vibration Sensor
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensor
  • the vibration at the point of interest will be sampled at 20kHz frequency which - as those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate - is able to cover frequency of up to lOkHz according to Nyquist rule.
  • other sensors in communication with the DFOS may advantageously provide the monitoring of gas molecules as well.
  • FIG. 1(A) is a schematic diagram illustrating a network sensing layer overlaid on an existing data communications network according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • each individual node shown in the network may be a central office, including - for example - an optical switch for optically interconnecting optical fiber facilities comprising the network.
  • a network sensing layer may be viewed of as overlaid on the data communications / telecommunications network.
  • FIG. 1(B) is a schematic diagram illustrating a network sensing layout comprising a network of interconnected optical (photonic) switches according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • such network is interconnected such that there exists one or more paths between any two nodes.
  • the interconnect need not be a direct connection therebetween. More particularly, a “via” or intermediary switch(es) may exist along the path between two switches.
  • any of a number of possible topologies is possible including a bus, ring, star, or mesh (network).
  • network sensing is achieved by DFOS system using dark fibers or live, operational fibers (or combinations thereof) that carry high speed telecommunications data.
  • the entire telecommunications network is in effect a sensing media as a network sensor for vibration, temperature, and acoustic detection.
  • additional sensor modalities - i.e., chemical - may be likewise achieved.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distributed sensor network testbed over an existing communications network with topological optical fiber connections according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • testbed is an actual layout for a field test of deployed optical fiber cable links which comprise fiber routes between central offices (CO) and branches.
  • the testbed network includes four COs (CO(A), CO(B), CO(C) and CO(D)) and three spur routes (Spur(e), Spur(f), and Spur(g)) with section length of 4.5 km -17.2 km.
  • the optical fiber used is located inside a cable either buried underground or suspended / hanging on utility poles.
  • the DFOS technologies used in this testbed are distributed vibration/acoustic/temperature sensing (DVS/DAS/DTS).
  • Photonic switches having switching time(s) ⁇ 10 ms are employed in the COs to such that it is possible to realize ring, mesh, star or other topologies of fiber links.
  • a ring network is achieved from CO(A)- CO(D) - CO(C) - CO(A), while fiber spur(g) is carrying from CO(A) - CO(D) - Spur(g) by the SW in CO(D).
  • DFOS systems can advantageously be located at any CO as needed to detect multiple environmental features which are appropriate for particular applications, such as that for smart cities/communities.
  • FIG. 3(A) and FIG. 3(B) are schematic diagrams showing an illustrative star network topology for: FIG. 3(A) - distributed temperature sensing (DTS); and FIG. 3(B) - distributed vibration sensing (DVS) according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • DTS distributed temperature sensing
  • DVS distributed vibration sensing
  • the DFOS system is setup / configured in a star topology that detects environmental temperatures by DTS, as illustratively shown in FIG. 3(A) and DVS as illustratively shown in FIG. 3(B).
  • the SW in CO(A) was used to switch sensing paths (A) - (C), (A) - (B), (A) - (D) and (A) - (e) to detect temperatures of route 1 - 4.
  • FIG. 4(A) and FIG. 4(B) are plots showing two illustrative environmental sensing applications on a ring network topology. Continuous 24-hour temperature measurement for four routes is shown in FIG. 4(A). It is clear to distinguish locations of the cable as hanging on utility poles or buried underground. Section “A” in FIG. 4(A) represent aerial cables based on large day and night temperature difference. For underground cables, the temperature is more stable as sections “B”. Especially for route 2, the entire length of optical fiber cable is buried underground. [0036] We note that an average underground temperature in mid-February is ⁇
  • FIG. 4(B) shows two OTDR curves and mapping of OTDR distances to a geographic location on a map with latitude and longitude information.
  • route 3 if operators would like to check the fiber cable at a distance of 9 km, the GUI shows the corresponding geographic location on the map with street view functions. This will help operators to locate the cable efficiently
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an illustrative ring sensor network topology according to aspects of the present disclosure. Such network is arranged in a ring topology and utilizes DVS to detect vehicle traffic. To achieve a ring topology, sensing signals were directed over optical paths from (C) - (A) - (D) - (C) by SWs.
  • FIG. 6 shows a series of waterfall plots captured from DVS system illustrating vehicle traffic detection from an DFOS network exhibiting a ring topology according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a meshed sensor network topology according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a 4-channel DVS system in a semi-meshed sensor topology is used to detect environmental vibrations.
  • SW in different COs was used in route switching to achieve route 1 - 7. As an example, it was switched to (A) - (D) - (g) to obtain route 6, and to (A) - (D) - (C) to achieve route 5.
  • FIG. 8(A) is a series of waterfall plots in a selected 1-km window for 7 routes for vehicle traffic detected with a meshed topology; and FIG 8(B) is a series of plots for routes 1 to 4 wherein fiber routes are sensed simultaneously with a 4-channel DVS according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8(A) shows waterfall traces in a selected 1-km window for
  • FIG. 8(B) exhibits the result for route 1 to 4 as an example in a time window of 4 minutes.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a flexible sensor network topology according to aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in that figure, there exist three different paths for acoustic, vibration and temperature sensing, respectively.
  • DFOS systems can be located in every CO; hence, every location within the network with any environmental effects can be detected.
  • FIG. 10(A) is a plot of acoustic effects including a car passing by and a car horn collected via distributed acoustic sensing; and FIG. 10(B) is a plot showing traffic monitoring in a flexible sensor network according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10(A) shows received field acoustic effects from passing vehicles and 8 consecutive car horns.
  • the upper plot is produced by amplitude detection by a commercial sound meter and received signals by a DAS system through the down-lead fiber on a pole is shown in lower plot. It can be seen that the sensing system is capable to catch and playback the sound events in the field which is suitable for safer city applications.
  • FIG. 10(B) illustrates a 24-hour traffic monitoring plot that results from vehicle accounting and average speed estimation. The selected section is on a major road from northwest to the campus of a major university.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

Des aspects de la présente invention décrivent des systèmes de détection distribuée par fibre optique (DFOS), des procédés et des structures qui utilisent avantageusement des installations de télécommunication existantes qui servent non seulement à transporter un trafic de télécommunication, mais font office de support de capteur fournissant des informations sensorielles utiles. En contraste net avec l'état de la technique, un système DFOS, lorsqu'il est ainsi déployé, peut exploiter avantageusement des topologies de réseau et des commutateurs optiques pour fournir de nouvelles caractéristiques de détection comprenant la détection d'événements environnementaux comprenant des événements acoustiques, la température et des événements de vibration qui peuvent être révélateurs d'une activité sociale comprenant des événements de trafic et/ou d'urgence.
PCT/US2021/025817 2020-04-07 2021-04-05 Topologies de détection de réseau pour détection de fibre optique WO2021207097A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202063006233P 2020-04-07 2020-04-07
US63/006,233 2020-04-07
US17/221,820 US11284173B2 (en) 2020-04-07 2021-04-04 Network sensing topologies for fiber optic sensing
US17/221,820 2021-04-04

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110176804A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2011-07-21 Biinkert Nathan Lorenzo Method And Systems For Implementing High-radix Switch Topologies On Relatively Lower-radix Switch Physical Networks
CN106706159A (zh) * 2016-12-06 2017-05-24 信阳师范学院 基于多主体技术的光纤光栅变压器多参量智能监测系统
US20170211970A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Nec Laboratories America, Inc. Method to increase the signal to noise ratio of distributed acoustic sensing by spatial averaging
US20190197846A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2019-06-27 Mark Andrew Englund Method and system for distributed acoustic sensing
US20190277709A1 (en) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Method to isolate individual channels in a multi-channel fiber optic event detection system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110176804A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2011-07-21 Biinkert Nathan Lorenzo Method And Systems For Implementing High-radix Switch Topologies On Relatively Lower-radix Switch Physical Networks
US20170211970A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Nec Laboratories America, Inc. Method to increase the signal to noise ratio of distributed acoustic sensing by spatial averaging
US20190197846A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2019-06-27 Mark Andrew Englund Method and system for distributed acoustic sensing
CN106706159A (zh) * 2016-12-06 2017-05-24 信阳师范学院 基于多主体技术的光纤光栅变压器多参量智能监测系统
US20190277709A1 (en) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Method to isolate individual channels in a multi-channel fiber optic event detection system

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