WO2021203185A1

WO2021203185A1 - Device, system and method for blocking aerosols

Info

Publication number: WO2021203185A1
Application number: PCT/BR2021/050143
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ruy TEICHERT FILHO
Original assignee: Teichert Filho Ruy
Priority date: 2020-04-09
Filing date: 2021-04-08
Publication date: 2021-10-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for blocking aerosols for positioning on a dental chair (8), comprising a chamber (1) with a front cover (1.1), side walls (5.2), an open bottom (1.3), an open or partially open base (1.4), openings (1.5) for the professional's hands, an air-intake orifice (1.6) and a polymer film (1.7) for sealing the bottom of the device on the back of the chair (8). Said device can further comprise a fastening system (6) made up of a lower support (6.1) fastened to the structure of the dental chair (8) for press-fitting of the edge of the walls (1.2) of the chamber (1). The invention also relates to a system for blocking aerosols comprising: the device, a filtering unit (5.2) with an antiseptic solution (5.3), at least one suction unit (5.5), pipes (5.1) and hoses (5.6). The present invention also relates to a method for blocking aerosols produced during dental procedures, and a chair comprising the device for blocking aerosols.

Description

DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BLOCKING AEROSOLS Technological sector of the invention

[01] The present invention belongs to the technological sector of dental equipment, and refers, more specifically, to new devices, dental chair, system and method for blocking aerosols released during dental care or any other area of health that works with the aerosol production and need to control them.

Known prior art

[02] It is known that dentistry and other areas of health are characterized as the professions with the greatest occupational risks, as they necessarily require face-to-face contact with the patient, exposing the professional, as well as his entire team, directly to a large variety of biological agents such as blood, saliva and other fluids, all potential carriers of microorganisms. The increase in infectious and contagious diseases and the consequent risk of cross-infection has been increasing daily, and consequently the risk of disease dissemination among these professionals, making the risk of disease transmission real and daily, which is why it is extremely important to create mechanisms that make it possible to reduce or ideally eliminate the risks of exposure to biomaterials of these professionals, their team as well as patients.

[03] This issue takes on even greater proportions given the emergence of new diseases such as the case of the emerging outbreak of pneumonia that originated in the city of Wuhan, in late December 2019. A severe and deadly pneumonia that quickly spread throughout the provinces of China and other countries being declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020 a pandemic of global scope.

[04] The new b-corona virus (2019-nCoV) is different from SARS-CoV, but shares the same host receptor, human angiotensin-2 converting enzyme (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis, as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of the identity of the entire genome of BatCoV RaTG13. Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family, of the order Nidovirales, comprising a large, single, positive stranded RNA as its genome. Currently, there are four genera of coronaviruses: a-CoV, b-CoV, g-CoV and d-CoV. Most coronaviruses can cause infectious diseases in humans and vertebrates. a-CoV and b-CoV mainly infect the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous system of humans and mammals, while g-CoV and d-CoV mainly infect birds.

[05] 2019-nCoV has the typical structure of coronaviruses with "thorn protein" in the envelope membrane, and also expresses other polyproteins, nucleoproteins and membrane proteins, such as RNA polymerase, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, protease similar to papain, helicase, glycoprotein and accessory proteins. Coronavirus S protein can bind to host receptors to facilitate viral entry into target cells. Although there are four amino acid variations of protein S between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV can also bind to human angiotensin-2 converting enzyme (ACE2), the same host receptor for SARS-CoV, whereas 2019 -nCoV can bind to receiver of ACE2 from cells of humans, bats, cats and pigs, but cannot bind to cells without ACE2. A recombinant ACE2-Ig antibody, a human monoclonal antibody specific for SARS-CoV, and serum from a convalescent patient infected with SARS-CoV, which can neutralize 2019-nCoV, confirmed ACE2 as a host receptor for 2019-nCoV. The high affinity between ACE2 and the 2019-nCoV S protein also suggested that the population with the highest expression of ACE2 might be more susceptible to 2019-nCoV.

[06] To date, numerous transmission routes for 2019-nCoV have been demonstrated which include direct transmission by coughing, sneezing, and inhaling droplets, and transmission through direct contact with oral, nasal and ocular mucous membranes. Although the common clinical manifestations of new coronavirus infection do not include ocular symptoms, analysis of conjunctival samples from confirmed and suspected cases of 2019-nCoV suggests that 2019-nCoV transmission is not limited to respiratory bath and that ocular exposure may provide an effective way for the virus to enter the body.

[07] Other studies have shown that respiratory viruses can be transmitted from person to person through direct or indirect contact, or through coarse or small droplets. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted directly or indirectly through saliva. Notably, a case report of 2019-nCoV infection in Germany indicates that virus transmission can also occur through contact with asymptomatic patients.

[08] Studies have suggested that 2019-nCoV can be airborne through aerosols formed during medical procedures. It is noted that the 2019-nCoV RNA can also be detected by rRT-PCR test on a stool sample collected on day 7 of the disease.

[09] Certain specialties in the health area are even more exposed, as in the case of dental care, where these professionals need to relate very closely to potentially infected patients where, in addition to coughing and breathing, numerous dental devices, such as The high-speed pen and dental handpiece use high-speed pressurized air to drive a high-speed rotating turbine along with running water. These devices when in the patient's oral cavity are capable of generating a large amount of aerosol and droplets mixed with saliva and blood. These droplet and aerosol particles are known to be small enough to remain in the air for a long period of time before depositing on environmental surfaces or entering the respiratory tract. Thus, 2019-nCoV has great potential to spread through droplets and aerosols from infected individuals in dental clinics and hospitals that produce this type of aerosol. [010] Once the period of time in which they are dispersed in the air has passed, they will deposit on the surrounding surfaces. Human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) or endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) are known to survive on surfaces such as metal, glass or plastic by up to a few days. Therefore, dental practices are able to generate droplets and aerosols from infected patients, which are driven by the high-speed turbine almost two meters away, and can contaminate all surfaces of dental offices, which can act as a potential source of streaming.

[011] It is also known that the pathogenicity of a microorganism is directly proportional to the number of contaminating microorganisms times their virulence and inversely proportional to the host's resistance. In other words, the longer the possible host is exposed to contamination, the greater the amount of microorganisms it will come into contact with and the greater the risk of effectively developing the infection.

[012] Infection control for dental practice has currently been limited to the use of personal protective equipment. 1- Primary protection: standard for staff in clinical conditions. Wear a disposable cap, disposable surgical mask and work coats, using protective goggles or face shield and disposable latex or vinyl gloves, if necessary. 2- Secondary protection: advanced protection for dental professionals. Wear a disposable cap, disposable surgical mask, goggles, face shield and work coat, with a disposable lab coat over top or surgical gown, and disposable latex gloves. 3 - Tertiary protection: when contact is necessary, although not recommended, with a patient with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, special reinforced protective clothing becomes necessary. If protective clothing is not available, a work coat with a protective disposable coat must be worn over it. Additionally, disposable cap, protective glasses, face shield, disposable surgical mask, disposable latex gloves and waterproof shoes must be used.

[013] Mouthwash before dental procedures such as 1% hydrogen peroxide or 0.2% povidone since the use of chlorhexidine, commonly used as a mouthwash in dentistry, has been shown to have little effectiveness in killing 2019 -nCoV, in order to reduce the possible viral load prior to the procedure.

[014] Use of absolute isolation with a sheet or rubber dam has been demonstrating the ability to significantly reduce airborne particles in a diameter of 1 meter around the patient by up to 70%, always accompanied by high power suckers, which must be used together with the conventional sucker during the procedures for suction of aerosol and droplets as well as the use of handpieces (high and low rotation) with anti-retraction function capable of expelling debris and fluids during dental procedures, prior to the next patient's care.

[015] That said, it is possible to list technologies related to devices, systems and methods for blocking aerosols present in the prior art. The patent documents US 10,016,252, CN 208756364 and WO 2014145032 will be discussed below.

[016] The document US 10,016,252, filed on 08/25/2017, describes a system for enclosing a subject on a surgical table during a procedure for removing tumors, with the subject being positioned on the upper surface of the surgical table, comprising: transparent envelope with a lower edge that extends completely around its periphery, the casing being mounted on the operating table, which has a flat upper portion that extends on the outer edge of the same, being providing a clamped gasket between said lower lip and the outer edge of said upper flat portion to provide a hermetic seal; a plurality of surgical gloves disposed on an interior surface of said compartment; oxygen source to supply oxygen directly to said breathing mask during the surgical procedure; apparatus for maintaining a controlled atmosphere having less than 1% oxygen content under positive pressure within said compartment, outside said respiratory mask; and laser adapted to perform the surgical procedure inside the compartment. This document has several limitations to its application in the field of dentistry. Alternatives are not provided for its application in dental chairs, and no solution is provided to isolate the surface of the surgical table from the patient, so that it is necessary to completely clean it between procedures. Such technology also employs positive pressure inside the casing, in order to protect the internal environment against external contamination, with no negative pressure solution being revealed in order to protect the external environment and the health professional from aerosols produced inside the chamber.

[017] Document CN 208756364, filed on 01.23.2003, describes an isolated surgical bed for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, in which a protection box is installed on the platform, which can form an airtight space along with the head of the bed and bed, also including disinfection apparatus and air outlet device. It provides for disinfection and filtration of the air entering the protective housing and filtration of the patient's exhalation gas, preventing a virus from spreading and reducing the possibility of infection by the medical staff. Although it refers to a device for isolating a patient from the outside environment, it is not adapted to dental chairs, the patient being completely covered, which would not be necessary or desired for use in dentistry. In addition, the application of negative pressure is not suggested to prevent the escape of aerosols to the external environment, nor an alternative to isolate the bed surface in relation to the patient, requiring complete cleaning of the bed after use.

[018] WO 2014145032, filed on 14/03/2014, refers to a surgical environment compartment for performing a surgical or medical procedure on a portion of a patient's body, comprising: a housing; a port for allowing passage of a portion of the patient's body into the housing, the port including a sealing member to prevent air from passing into the housing; at least two manual doors to allow the passage of hands; and at least one vent port to allow controlled passage of air. Such document employs positive pressure inside said cabinet, in order to protect the internal environment from external contamination, not being offered a solution with negative internal pressure to protect the external environment. This document refers to an intact casing in which a part of the patient's body is inserted and sealed, making its application in the field of dentistry difficult, as it would generate not only discomfort to the patient, but also a substantial risk of suffocation in cases of inadequate ventilation or insufficient. Finally, the casing used does not foresee structural adaptations for application in dental chairs.

[019] In this context, it is observed that the current state of the art proposed through the use of personal protective equipment and proposed protocols are not sufficient for the effective protection of patients and professionals in the field of dentistry, since from these it has not been possible to effectively isolate the dental patient and serve them with quality and respecting reality and needs of dentistry, with its particularities and aerosol generating equipment. In addition, a device to be coupled to a dental chair has not been proposed so far that will protect the external environment from contamination from the internal environment, and which at the same time allows for the isolation of the surface of the dental chair, eliminating the need for complete cleaning of the dental chair. between appointments.

News and objectives of the invention

[020] In order to provide substantial improvements and solutions to the inconveniences pointed out in the prior art, the present invention proposes an effective device, dental chair, system and process to completely isolate the patient in an "internal" environment to which the professional will have access and will be able to exercise its procedures effectively protected by a barrier in an “external” environment.

[021] The object of the present invention is an aerosol blocking device for dental care comprising:

- at least two access openings for the professional's hands;

- at least one orifice for air intake;

- in which said device is for enclosing the patient's head, upper trunk and upper limbs;

- chamber formed by front cover, side walls, free bottom, free base or partially free;

- polymeric film for sealing the bottom of the device on the back of a dental chair. [022] It is anticipated that said polymeric film extends over the entire bottom of the device. Optionally, the device can further comprise a fixation system formed by a lower support fixed to the structure of a dental chair for fitting the edge of the walls of the chamber.

[023] In a first modality, the fixation of the device to the dental chair is through the simple contact of the surface of the chamber with the polymeric film, using, for example, PVC film or other film-like film, being the sealing accomplished by the film's natural adhesion to the wall.

[024] In a second modality, the fixation of the device to the dental chair is through a fixation system formed by a lower support fixed to the structure of the dental chair. This modality allows the use of a thicker polymeric film (lmm or greater).

[025] In a third modality, the lower support has a format adaptable to a plurality of dental chairs, being able to present different formats and adaptive lateral structures, and offering greater ergonomics for professional and patient comfort.

[026] In a fourth modality, the lower support is included in the manufacturing project of the dental chair, and may even provide for height, depth or gutter adjustment mechanisms for condensate collection, with electrical or mechanical operation.

[027] Optionally, the device may further comprise a glass cleaner that operates on the top cover surface formed by crank; through axis; gasket; spring; rotational system; wiper arm; fastening element; wiper blade.

[028] Optionally, the device can further comprise internal lighting inside the chamber. Optionally, the hand access openings are sealed with a plastic film layer or cuffs allowing the professional's hands to be inserted. Optionally, at least one incision can be made in said layer of plastic film during dental care. Optionally, in said fastening system, said lower support receives the lower edge of the side walls retaining the chamber, wherein said polymeric film is attached at the interface between said lower support and said side walls. Optionally, said polymeric film has extensions to cover at least one of the access openings for the hands of the camera professional, said extensions being fixed externally to the camera by at least one fixing insert. Optionally, the device further comprises extensions of the lower support, in which said at least one fastening socket is situated. Optionally, the device further comprises a suction hole in the base or in a front suction compartment coupled to the base. Optionally, the device comprises a movable front cover by means of at least one hinge mechanism. Optionally, the device comprises a polymeric film curtain to cover the base of the chamber sealing the space between the patient's trunk and the device. Optionally, said lower support comprises lateral structures for fixation to the dental chair. Optionally, said polymeric film comprises a fluid absorbent layer.

[029] Optionally, the device further comprises secondary fixation mechanism in which polymeric film or polymeric film curtain is fixed for enclosing the lower part of the patient's trunk. Optionally, the device further comprises a mechanism among: height adjustment mechanism, depth adjustment mechanism, gutter mechanism. Optionally, said height adjustment mechanism comprises a longitudinal rod, an upper edge and a movable pin. Optionally, said depth adjustment mechanism comprises at least one unfolding of the lower support, a pin fitting support, a spring and a locking pin. Optionally, the device further comprises stabilization strips for fixing the device to the dental chair, and/or perforations for attaching to the dental chair.

[030] It is also object of the present invention a dental chair comprising the device described above.

[031] It is also object of the present invention a system for blocking aerosols comprising a transparent chamber for blocking and controlling the emission of aerosols expelled by a patient partially positioned inside; further comprising at least one tubing, a filter unit with an antiseptic solution, at least one suction unit, at least one hose, said suction unit maintaining the system at negative pressure, such that air from the interior of the chamber comprising at least two access openings for the passage of hands and at least one orifice for air suction and whose bottom is sealed by polymeric film, is sucked by means of the at least one pipe, filtered inside the at least one unit of filtering, sucked through at least one hose, filtered by the suction unit and released to the environment.

[032] Optionally, the system also comprises a pressure relief hole installed in the filter unit. Optionally, the system further comprises ultraviolet light lamps inside the filter unit. Optionally, the system comprises at least two filter units installed in series. Optionally, said suction unit comprises a microorganism retaining filter. Optionally, the system further comprises a nasal cannula for oxygen therapy inside said device.

[033] It is also an object of the present invention a method for blocking aerosols comprising the following steps: a) providing a polymeric film on a dental chair; b) lead a patient to position himself on said polymeric film; c) enclosing on the patient a chamber comprising at least two access openings for passage of hands and at least one orifice for air intake, wherein the polymeric film seals the bottom of the chamber on the back of the dental chair; d) seal the access openings for the passage of hands, externally, with plastic film or cuffs; e) suction the air inside the chamber; f) treat the sucked air through filtration.

[034] Optionally, the method further comprises the step of g) inserting polymeric film curtain to cover the base of the chamber sealing the space between the patient's trunk and the device.

[035] Optionally, in step d), extensions of said polymeric film are used to cover at least one of the access openings for the hands of the camera professional, said extensions being fixed by at least one fixing insert.

[036] The developed invention can be used in all branches of dentistry and other areas of health that require a very close face-to-face contact and allow the execution of high-precision procedures without exposing professionals and patients to risks that may , through the new proposal, be effectively controlled. With the proposed invention, it is possible for health professionals to attend in the office, without the need for high investments, maintaining their work routine and reality.

[037] The developed invention differs substantially from the state of the art in that it presents a scientific and standardized device and process that will allow the correct visualization of the patient, controlling the aerosols released during dental care even with the use of high rotation turbines, avoiding the consequent release of these for air and deposition on surrounding surfaces. [038] The developed invention also differs substantially from the state of the art as it reduces the professional's exposure time and the consequent amount of pathogens sufficient to cause the infection, which can reach levels where even healthy hosts can become infected with a view to the amount of pathogens they are exposed to.

[039] The developed invention also allows the elimination of all those pathogens that they were circulating in the ambient air that could go to the respiratory tract of professionals, the next patient to be seen or even deposited on the team's clothes or clinic surfaces, said agents being aspirated and purified through the aspiration system and treatment of the air, returning clean air to the environment without risk to the health of the team, patients and society.

[040] The developed invention allows special adaptation to dental chairs, as it provides a chamber with free bottom and free or partially free base, which can be secured to the chair by a fixation system specially adapted to dental chairs, this system being able to be included in the original design of the dental chair or be attached to the dental chair as an accessory by means of fixing mechanisms. The insertion of this polymeric film to cover the backrest of the dental chair allows the sealing of the bottom of the device, protecting the surface of the chair from aerosols generated during dental procedures, and at the same time ensuring the comfort of the patient, for whom the polymeric film becomes essentially imperceptible. Protecting the surface of the dental chair simplifies the process of disinfecting the environment after treating a potentially infected patient, as it allows for the complete cleaning of the dental chair to be dispensed with, with only a need to change the polymeric film (if any suspicion of contamination occurs, ideally the whole set must be sanitized). This technology allows the entire aerosolization product to be confined inside the set, not reaching the dentist's legs or neck.

[041] The developed invention allows to obtain a stable structure for performing dental procedures. The handling of different tools and the suction of air from inside the chamber can generate instabilities in the chamber; to solve this limitation, a fixation system including an inferior support is foreseen, which allows not only to stabilize the chamber in its position, but also to stabilize the polymeric film that seals the bottom of the device to ensure an effective inferior sealing of the chamber.

[042] The developed invention offers, in opposition to the solutions proposed in the prior art, a structure that, while offering the necessary enclosure for the safety of the dental professional, also offers comfort to the patient. The use of a chamber with a free bottom and a free or partially free base allows the patient to position themselves on the dental chair covered with polymeric film (which will be used to seal the bottom of the device), and the chamber is then positioned over the patient; it is thus possible to avoid possible sensations of claustrophobia. The use of a free or partially free base, together with the fact that the chamber material is preferably transparent or translucent, helps to avoid a feeling of claustrophobia in the patient, without harming the safety of the dental professional. In an optional modality, there is also the possibility of a hinge mechanism installed in the chamber, making the front cover mobile, allowing the patient to position themselves inside the chamber already installed, but with the front cover open, then the front cover closed on the patient through the hinge mechanism; this modality guarantees even greater convenience and comfort to the patient.

[043] The developed invention allows simple and effective cleaning of the entire device, reducing risks of contamination attributed to incorrect cleaning. The adopted rigid chamber is easily washable, and no sharp corners that could house microorganisms are foreseen in its structure. The fixation system used can be removed for cleaning, and the polymeric film can be discarded or subjected to decontamination processes for its reuse. The effective sealing of the surface of dental chairs is extremely interesting from the point of view of hygiene, allowing a more dynamic cleaning process between patients and reducing the risks of patient-patient and patient-professional contamination.

[044] The developed invention reviews the enclosure of a region of the patient's body, especially the head and upper part of the trunk and upper limbs, in order to minimize the necessary size of the chamber used, without harming the patient's comfort. The use of larger chambers for enclosing the patient's entire body, as typically used in the medical technology field, could, in addition to causing discomfort to the patient, contribute to greater contamination of the patient's own body surface inside the chamber, which does not is of interest in the application of the present technology. The use of a full-body camera would still represent a substantially higher investment for the technician in the field. In addition, the shape of the chamber is specially adapted to facilitate the insertion of the dental professional's hands in the vicinity of the patient's face, preferably through a narrowing or bulging of the structure at the height of the patient's face, which allows the procedure to be carried out. in a more ergonomic and safe way.

Description of attached drawings

[045] In order for the present invention to be fully understood and put into practice by any technician in this technological sector, it will be described in a clear, concise and sufficient manner, based on the attached drawings and listed below, which illustrate and subsidize:

Figure la represents a schematic perspective view of a chamber model for dental care, comprising accesses for the professional's hands to perform dental procedures, and holes for the reception of the suction and air treatment system, which can be installed as many as necessary.

Figures 1b and lc represent a schematic perspective view of different formats of camera models, within the proposal of the present invention (aspiration holes not shown).

Figure 2 represents a schematic perspective view of a chamber intended for dental care with a mechanical glass cleaner that allows the internal cleaning of the device.

Figure 3 represents an exploded view of a mechanical window cleaner model specially developed for application on the device.

Figures 4 and 5 represent, for example, schematic views in perspective of chambers intended for dental care with mechanical glass cleaner where fans or “coolers” are added inside the chamber with variable and optional positions.

Figure 6 represents a schematic perspective view of a camera model comprising internal lighting through LED lamps or strips. Figure 7 represents a schematic perspective view of a camera model where the front edges are not fixed represented by a long slot in the free surfaces, which allow to provide flexibility to the device.

Figure 8 represents a schematic perspective view of a camera model comprising a front suction compartment, where at least one orifice for air suction is provided.

Figure 9 represents a schematic perspective view of a chamber intended for dental care comprising a movable front cover that is connected to at least one of the side walls by means of a hinge.

Figure 10a and 10b represent perspective views of the plastic film to be inserted in the openings for passing hands, illustrating two possible configurations of incisions for passing the hands of the health professional.

Figure 11 represents a schematic perspective view of a camera comprising fitting for fixing the plastic film that is used to cover the openings for the hands of the health professional. Figures 12a and 12b represent schematic perspective views of the aerosol blocking device, with the camera mounted on the lower support (polymer film not shown), in two different formats.

Figure 13 represents a schematic sectional side view of the fitting between one of the side walls of the chamber and the lower U-profile support, pressing the polymeric film at its interface.

Figure 14 represents a schematic perspective view of the aerosol blocking device, in a modality where the lower support has the shape of a frame (polymeric film not shown).

Figure 15 represents a schematic front view of the aerosol blocking device, in a modality where the chamber has perforations on its sides and its fixation to the dental chair is performed with at least one bar that preferably transfixes the lower part of the cover, resting on the arms of the chair.

Figure 16 represents a schematic perspective view of the aerosol blocking device, in a modality where the lower support is attached to the sides of the dental chair and has a complete bottom format (polymeric film not shown).

Figure 17 represents a schematic front view of a dental chair with the lower support mounted, indicating the position of the fixing strap, which projects from the lower support on the back of the chair and attaches to the front of the chair.

Figure 18 represents a schematic left side view of the lower support comprising a fastening strap that projects from the lower support to attach to the front of the chair.

Figure 19 represents a schematic perspective view of a dental chair with the device mounted (polymeric film not shown), in a modality where the lower support has a cross shape, also comprising holes for air suction in the lower support.

Figure 20 represents a schematic front view of a dental chair with the device mounted (polymeric film not shown), in a modality where the lower support has a cross shape. Figure 21 represents a diagram of the assembly sequence of the lower support in the form of a frame on the dental chair and the polymeric film on the lower support.

Figure 22 represents a schematic front view of polymeric film comprising layer of absorbent material in the region that is positioned at the height of the patient's face.

Figure 23 represents a schematic front view of a dental chair with the device mounted (polymeric film not shown), highlighting a mechanism comprising lateral fixation structures.

Figure 24 represents a schematic front view of a dental chair illustrating the mounting mechanism of the lateral fixation structures.

Figure 25 represents a schematic front view of a dental chair with the device mounted (polymeric film not shown), including stabilization straps on the back of the dental chair.

Figure 26 is a schematic perspective view of a chamber comprising a clamping insert adapted to receive both the plastic film covering the hand openings and extensions of the polymeric film folded over the exterior of the chamber.

Figure 27 represents a schematic side view of the chamber region comprising access opening for the health professional's hands, demonstrating the mechanism for fixing the polymeric film on the outside of said opening.

Figure 28 represents a schematic perspective view of a dental chair with the device mounted (polymeric film not shown), comprising a fitting for attachment adapted to receive both the plastic film covering the openings for the hands and extensions of the polymeric film folded over the outside of the chamber .

Figure 29 represents a diagram of the device assembly sequence, being positioned in this order: lower support with adapted fitting for fixation, polymeric film with extensions for fixation fitting, and camera.

Figure 30 represents a schematic front view of the lower support of the fixation system, fixed to the structure of the dental chair.

Figure 31 represents a schematic front view of the lower support of the fixation system, fixed to the structure of the dental chair, with polymeric film deposited on said lower support, comprising extensions for fixing the polymeric film in the camera's fixation slots.

Figure 32 represents a schematic front view of a dental chair equipped with the assembled device, with the camera fixed to the lower support, pressing the polymeric film and fixing the polymeric film in the camera's fixation slots.

Figure 33 represents a schematic side view of a device model intended for dental care installed in position, inside which the patient is inserted.

Figure 34 represents a schematic front view of a model of device intended for dental care installed in position, inside which the patient is inserted, and the health professional is in position, able to perform the service.

Figure 35 represents a schematic perspective view of a device model comprising polymeric cap retention system to protect the chamber base against the escape of aerosols. Figure 36 represents a schematic perspective view of the aerosol blocking device, including secondary fixation mechanism.

Figure 37 represents a schematic left side view of a dental chair comprising a lower support and a gutter for collecting condensate.

Figure 38 represents a schematic left side view in detail of a gutter for collecting condensate.

Figure 39 represents a schematic rear view of a lower support modality comprising a height adjustment mechanism.

Figure 40 represents a schematic perspective view of a lower support modality comprising a depth adjustment mechanism.

Figure 41 represents a schematic top view of a lower support modality comprising depth adjustment mechanism.

Figure 42 represents a diagram of the system for aspiration and treatment of air that is drawn from the interior of an aerosol blocking device.

Figure 43 represents schematic front view of filter unit in detail.

Figure 44 represents a diagram of the air intake and treatment system comprising two filter units in series.

Figure 45 represents a diagram of the air intake and treatment system comprising as many filtration units as needed.

Figure 46 represents a diagram of the air suction and treatment system comprising ultraviolet light lamps installed in the filter unit.

Figure 47 represents a schematic perspective view of the immersion disinfection tank.

Detailed description of the invention The aerosol blocking chamber

[046] Figures 1, 33 and 34 illustrate the present invention which is basically based on the use of a transparent chamber (1) for blocking and controlling the emission of aerosols during dental care and other health services that require close contact into which the patient (9) is inserted, with accesses for the hands of the dental professional on top, on the sides (1.5) or where necessary, and optionally additional hatches on the side walls, through which the professional can have access to the mouth, face, or any other part of the patient's body necessary in order to carry out the procedure, as well as the presence of orifices (1.6) that function as mouthpieces where the aspiration system and contaminated air treatment will be adapted (5). The dimensions and shapes of the chamber can vary according to the specialty (medical, dental or hospital) or even with the particularities of the structure where it will be supported, according to the need and indication. In one embodiment, there are air intake holes (1.6) in all side walls (1.2) of the chamber. In another modality, there are holes for air intake (1.6) only on its upper side wall. [047] Ideally this chamber (1) can be made of high-strength acrylic with rounded angles avoiding the existence of sharp angles that make cleaning and sanitizing difficult and allow the accumulation of microorganisms. The chamber (1) can be provided as a complete part, or composed of a plurality of overlapping or interlocking parts, which can be fixed to each other, for example, by means of metal structures.

[048] Alternatively, this chamber (1) can be made of glass or any other transparent material that allows you to view the patient inside and thus perform the dental procedures.

[049] It can be made entirely of rigid material on all its sides only with the free bottom (1.3) and the free or partially free base (1.4) for the patient (9) to comfortably support the back in the dental chair (8) , as detailed in figure 33.

[050] The chamber is provided with a front cover (1.1), side walls (1.2), free base (1.3) and free or partially free base (1.4). By side walls (1.2) it is understood the walls that surround the patient, preferably, at least one left side wall, at least one upper side wall and at least one right side wall. The chamber structure can be parallelepiped, but preferably has a format especially adapted to dental chairs, with a narrowing at the height of the patient's head and an enlargement at the height of the chamber that will include the shoulders/arms and part of the patient's torso . The structure of the chamber can be domed, oval or have recesses, as long as it allows access to the patient's face through the openings for hand access (1.5). Optionally, the chamber can have a “bubble”/dome shape in the region over the patient's face, allowing the professional to handle and rotate instruments inside the chamber with space to work without losing good visibility. Hand access openings (1.5) may be located on straight or curved surfaces of the chamber frame. Preferably, the openings are located in their entirety in the side walls (1.2) of the chamber. The openings may also be located in the front cover (1.1) of the chamber, or where necessary, and may also be designed so that one or more of the openings (1.5) is partially situated on a straight surface and partially situated on a curved surface, or partially located on one or more of the side walls (1.2) and partially located on the front cover (1.1). Preferably, no openings are provided on the front surface at the height of the patient's face, as they would constitute risk points for aerosol escape. The openings (1.5) that are not used by the professional can be blocked according to the user's options. This tamponade may be by pressing or by screwing a cap.

[051] Hand access openings (1.5) can have any shape that allows the insertion of the health professional's hands, preferably having a circular or elliptical shape, or polygonal with rounded corners.

[052] The chamber (1) can be simply supported by the dental chair (8) where its upper part is supported by the headrest of the dental chair, and its lower part supported by the arms of the dental chair, fixing the polymeric film (1.7) in position to seal the bottom of the device. In another modality, structures specially designed to fix the chamber (1) to the dental chair (8) by means of a fixation system (6) they are inserted in the dental chair (8), and can also be included in the manufacturing project of this in order to obtain a dental chair specially adapted for fixation of the chamber (1). In this modality, it is possible to first install the polymeric film (1.7) next to the chamber (1) and then positioned in the fixation structure. It is also possible to initially install the polymeric film (1.7) next to the lower support (6.1), then attaching the chamber (1) to the lower support (6.1) and pressing the polymeric film between them. The chamber (1) is inserted over the patient, allowing his/her head and part of the trunk and arms to remain inside the chamber, and a dental procedure can then be performed without risk to the health professional.

[053] Dental chair is understood to be any chair used to accommodate the patient during dental treatment or treatment involving the stomatognathic system or maxillofacial region (especially those that comprise aerosol production), which may have different formats, and adjustable heights and dimensions or fixed, and different angles of inclination, within the proposal of the present invention.

[054] The chamber also comprises a free or partially free base (1.4). This base allows the patient's comfort during the procedure, preventing the environment inside the chamber from being hermetically closed, and reducing any sensations of claustrophobia. The access of the saliva sucker and other equipment for dental care can be given through the base of the chamber (1.4) or even through the accesses for the insertion of the hands (2). It is also possible to foresee, at the base of the chamber (1.4), a lower wall that partially covers the base of the chamber (1.4), adapted according to the geometric configuration adopted, and one, two or as many holes (1.6) as necessary that will function as mouthpieces to receive the air aspiration and treatment system specially developed to retain microorganisms by aspirating the aerosols that circulate inside the box during the service.

[055] In one embodiment, the base (1.4) is partially covered by a wall comprising an air intake hole (1.6). The insertion of an air suction hole in the base (1.4) has the function of minimizing the dispersion of aerosols from the lower inner part of the chamber to the environment, i.e., aerosols that have projected to the lower part of the chamber will be sucked through the orifice to air intake (1.6) located in the base (1.4), preventing such aerosols from projecting to the external environment through the partially free base (1.4).

[056] In one modality, illustrated in figure 8, there is also a front suction compartment (1.8) located at the base (1.4) of the chamber, with an internal compartment preferably made of the same material as the rest of the chamber (however, other materials can be used, always seeking to minimize the formation of welds and sharp corners inside the device), in which at least one orifice for air intake (1.6) is installed, said internal compartment being in contact with the interior of the chamber. Such a front suction compartment (1.8) allows to reduce the risk of aerosols escaping to the external environment through the base (1.4), and also allows to reduce the level of contamination in the patient's own body/clothes inside the chamber.

[057] To seal the openings for hand access (1.5), as well as other accesses, it is recommended to use of plastic film (1.10), isolating the internal environment of the box from the external environment as best as possible, as illustrated in figures 10A and 10B. Different plastic films can be used, preferably expandable plastic films (stretch), in order to guarantee an effective sealing. Rubber cuffs or any other easily sanitized material can also be used, designed to be sealed at the ends of the opening for insertion of hands, and replaced at each service. A cuff is understood as a glove-like structure, with or without finger markings, in which the health professional inserts the hands from the outside into the chamber without direct contact, or with minimal direct contact, with the internal environment.

[058] In one modality, the plastic film (1.10) can be inserted prior to care, on the internal or external surface of the chamber, with the camera being inserted over the patient with such openings (1.5) already sealed. In another modality, the plastic film (1.10) can be applied to the openings (1.5) for sealing once the patient is already positioned inside the chamber, preferably on the external surface of the chamber.

[059] In one modality, the plastic film (1.10) can be used in a single layer. In another modality, overlapping layers of plastic film (1.10) can be applied, including plastic films of different materials.

[060] In one modality, the plastic film (1.10) is adhered to the upper surface of the chamber by simple contact between the surfaces, since certain plastic films remain adhered easily and are only pressed manually against the surface of the chamber. In another modality, the plastic film (1.10) is fixed to the chamber by means of a chemical resource or glue.

[061] In another embodiment, illustrated in Figure 11, the plastic film (1.10) is fixed to the camera by means of at least one fastening fitting (1.14), which can be any physical fitting suitable for a plastic film (1.10) ; As an example, said fastening fitting (1.14) can be a snapping mechanism similar to the mechanism adopted by office folder fasteners ("alligator mechanism"), where there are two structures that remain closed by pressure, and can be opened to insertion of the plastic film (1.10) and then closed again. Said at least one attachment socket (1.14) may be positioned in any position on the external surface of the chamber, and, for example, at least two attachment sockets may be employed in opposite positions relative to a hand access opening.

[062] Said at least one fastening fitting (1.14) can also integrate the lower support (6.1), shown in figures 12 and 13, and may be inserted at the bottom of said lower support (6.1), for lower fixing of the film .

[063] In one embodiment, illustrated in figure 26, the lower support (6.1) may have vertical and/or horizontal extensions (6.6), optionally completely bypassing the openings for hand access (1.5), which can be made of metal or any rigid material, in which at least one fixing insert (1.14) is arranged for fixing the plastic film (1.10) and/or fixing extensions of the polymeric film (1.7); in this modality, it is important that said extensions vertical and/or horizontal (6.6) comprising at least one fastening socket (1.14) are configured so as to be in direct contact or very close to the external surface of the chamber when the device is mounted, in order to ensure that the plastic film ( 1.10) and/or the polymeric film ( 1.7) is fixed in position close to the chamber to prevent the escape of aerosols through the openings for access to the hands (1.5) of the professional. Said extensions of the lower support (6.6) can be fixed or allow angular rotation, being in the latter case kept in an open position for insertion of the chamber and then being closed on it, by means of, for example, a hinge mechanism, or springs installed on your base.

[064] Preferably, the plastic film (1.10) is inserted on the external surface of the device of the present invention, in order to avoid contamination. In one embodiment, a single plastic film (1.10) can be used to cover all of the hand-through openings (1.5), which can be wrapped around a portion of the chamber or the entire surface of the chamber.

[065] As illustrated in figures 10A and 10B, during the performance of the dental procedure, so that the professional (10) can insert their hands inside the chamber, when the sealing with plastic film (1.10) is adopted, the professional can perform incisions in the plastic film (1.10) to allow the insertion of your hands. The incisions can have different shapes, for example, elliptical incision (1.102) or cross-shaped incision (1.101). The professional then inserts their hands, covered with gloves and disposable sleeves as needed, inside the chamber to perform the dental procedure, avoiding sudden movements to preserve the integrity of the plastic film seal (1.10). Optionally, during the procedure, new layers of plastic film (1.10) or any other suitable form of sealing can be inserted around the professional's arm. Preferably, the plastic film (1.10) is discarded after use. Optionally, the incisions can be performed prior to the service, or specific plastic film can be purchased already comprising said incisions.

[066] To allow proper visualization of the patient and the procedure, which with the release of aerosols becomes cloudy or cloudy, the process relies on the installation of an electrical or mechanical (2) window cleaner specially developed for use with the camera ( 1), illustrated in figure 2. When the spittle blinds the vision, it can be activated, cleaning the display and allowing continuity of care, keeping the isolation from the external environment to the internal environment. This equipment also needs direct access for its cleaning and disinfection between patients. Figure 3 shows a mechanical glass cleaner model (2) specially developed for application on the device (1) in order to allow the internal cleaning of the device, where the crank (2.1) that the professional will activate when the image is observed. is cloudy, the through shaft (2.2) that will transfix the surface and allow the communication of the external environment with the internal environment, where the sealing gasket (2.3) prevents the escape of contaminated air from the interior of the device to the outside, where the system rotation (2.5) allows the wiper arm (2.6) to rotate freely and the spring (2.4) exerts the necessary force to press the wiper blade (2.8) against the display and allow effective cleaning for external viewing, eliminating residues during service efficiently and the fastening element (2.7) that fastens other structures easily access and disassembly for correct cleaning and disinfection between patients.

[067] In figure 7 a camera model is also provided where the front edges are not fixed, represented by long slits (7.1, 7.2) on the free surfaces, which allow to provide flexibility to the device so that the camera can be inserted through light pressure inside or outside the arms of the most varied models of dental chairs. Such free surfaces can optionally be composed of deformable rigid material, which can undergo light conformations by pressure in order to obtain the most suitable shape for each patient. These surfaces will be sealed for service through the use of plastic film or PVC film or other sealing mechanism.

[068] In order to facilitate the visualization of the patient inside the chamber, illustrated in figure 6, internal lighting (4) can be added through LED strips ("Light Emitting Diode" or "light emitting diode") or lamps especially adapted for this purpose.

[069] In order to allow the internal cooling of the box and patient comfort, as shown in figures 4 and 5, a ventilation system (3) is also provided in the device, in which small fans can be added in the position that is more comfortable or ideally on the top cover where, in addition to cooling the patient's face, the air produced can help push the aerosol produced to the orifices where the inlet of the vacuum pump or specific aspirator is located. Preferably, such fans are not connected to the mains, being instead powered by batteries or any portable power source, for reasons of safety and practicality.

[070] In an embodiment, illustrated in Figure 9, the chamber of the present invention is a bipartite chamber, comprising a hinge mechanism (1.9) that makes the front cover (1.1) mobile. In this modality, as detailed in figures 12 and 13, the camera can be inserted in position, on the lower support (6.1) and the polymeric film (1.7), prior to service; during the service, the movable front cover (1.1) is opened so that the patient can put himself in position, being then closed and sealed to the rest of the chamber by means of plastic film, or any other convenient means of sealing. This modality offers greater comfort to the patient and practicality in assembling the chamber. In one modality, the split chamber presents as a moving part not only the front cover (1.1), but a structure comprising the front cover (1.1) and also part of the side walls (1.2) of the structure; in other words, in the design of the chamber, the height of the bipartition can be adjusted as needed by the professional, without prejudice to the final effect obtained. The bipartite chamber modality allows the chamber to be installed in the dental chair (8) prior to care, reducing the weight of the structure to be closed on the patient, thus providing greater practicality to the professional and less feeling of claustrophobia to the patient.

[071] Preferably, such a hinge mechanism (1.9) is designed so as not to create sharp corners in the structure, for example, by coating the hinge mechanism (1.9) with an external protection, or projecting it in such a way that the mechanism hinge (1.9) itself is away from the surface of the camera as per hygienic design recommendations. Preferably, the hinge mechanism (1.9) is disposed in its entirety outside the chamber, in order to minimize its exposure to aerosols. O hinge mechanism (1.9) is composed of easy-to-clean material, and may provide modes in which the movable front cover (1.1) has a wide opening angle (including greater than 180 °C), and may also have a locking mechanism in a or more specific angles so that the movable front cover (1.1), while open, remains supported in a resting position while the patient is positioned on the dental chair (8).

The attachment system of the aerosol blocking device

[072] With reference to the fastening system of the device of the present invention, as shown in figures 21, 30, 31 and 32, a lower support (6.1) is provided that receives the lower edge of the side walls (1.2) sealing the chamber (1 ). It can press the polymeric film (1.7), helping to retain the chamber (1) and helping to seal the internal environment. The lower support (6.1) allows for easy cleaning and satisfactory support.

[073] Optionally, the lower support (6.1) features a U-profile fitting, ensuring the fixation of the device in position by the weight of the chamber. Optionally, it can also have, when the device is disassembled, an internal spacing between the side ends of the U-profile that is less than the thickness of the lower end of the side walls (1.2) of the chamber, so that the lower ends of said side walls ( 1.2), when inserted into the lower support (6.1) in U-profile, press the side edges of the U-profile outwards. This mode of mechanism guarantees the fixation of the device in position not only by the weight of the chamber against the lower support (6.1), but also by the pressure exerted on the lateral ends of the U-profile of the lower support (6.1) by the walls of the chamber. Other fixation mechanisms can be used and/or added, including fixation systems by threading or by pins, or snapping-in, always valuing the ease of cleaning the device.

[074] At the interface between the lower support (6.1) and the lower edge of the side walls (1.2), a polymeric film (1.7) is inserted, which is used to cover the back of the dental chair (8). Said polymeric film (1.7) has the function of preventing contamination of the surface of the dental chair (8); preferably, it extends vertically and horizontally until it meets the bottom bracket (6.1), more preferably it extends across all or much of the bottom of the device, in order to provide a bottom seal to prevent aerosol leakage.

[075] Polymeric film (1.7) is understood to be any thermoplastic, thermoset or elastomer material (for example, PVC, TNT, rubber) in which one of the dimensions (thickness) is significantly thinner than the others, and which allows deposition on the dental chair (8), providing comfort to the patient. [076] Said polymeric film (1.7) is preferably inelastic, to prevent wear or breakage due to possible movements of the patient during care. Preferably, said polymeric film (1.7) is flexible and can be rigid as long as its shape and thickness do not harm the patient's comfort. Ideally, said polymeric film (1.7) is purchased pre-folded (or with creases) in the shape of the lower support (6.1), with dimensions that exceed the lower support (6.1) in some (preferably up to 15) centimeters, or with the exact dimensions of the lower support (6.1), to facilitate the fitting. Such pre- Folded can be obtained by means of a heat pre-treatment of the polymeric film (1.7).

[077] Said polymeric film (1.7) may be reusable, preferably with a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm, more preferably 1 to 2 mm, being performed cleaning between uses. In one embodiment, the polymeric film (1.7) is discarded after use.

[078] In one modality, said polymeric film (1.7) is provided with a layer of absorbent material (1.17) shown in Figure 22, in the region that is positioned at the height of the patient's face, to retain the aerosols and drops generated during the procedure dental care. Additional layers of absorbent material can be added in other positions of the polymeric film (1.7), according to the specific needs of each procedure. In one modality, a layer of absorbent material is installed on the part of the polymeric film (1.7) closest to the base of the device, in order to retain fluids that have flowed along the polymeric film (1.7) by force of gravity. In one embodiment, a layer of absorbent material is inserted into a trough located in the base region of the device.

[079] The lower support (6.1) can be presented in different formats, which allow reaching the technical solution claimed in the present invention. The materials of the lower support (6.1) can also be different, as long as they are rigid and easy to sanitize, for example, injected metals or polymers. Said lower support (6.1) can be provided in the design of the dental chair (8), and/or be removable. It can also be adaptable to different models of dental chairs, featuring adjustable parts. Next, lower support modalities (6.1) will be discussed in the form of a frame, complete bottom and cross. The shape of the chamber must be such as to allow fitting to the selected lower support format (6.1).

[080] In the lower frame-shaped support mode, shown in Figure 14, side edges, upper edge and optionally lower edge are provided, which can be fixed to the arms of the chair, the sides of the backrest and/or the headrest . In this modality, preferably the lower support receives the complete lower edge of the side walls (1.2) of the chamber (1), and the polymeric film (1.7) is inserted across the entire interface between lower support and side walls (1.2).

[081] Optionally, shown in figure 15, perforations can be provided for fixing (1.15) in the chamber, through which at least one bar or pin is inserted for fixing the chair to the base and/or arms of the dental chair (8) . This modality allows, in addition to ensuring an additional fixation mechanism to the device, to adjust the height (for perforations along the height of the chamber) and/or depth (for perforations along the height of the chamber) of the chamber. It is noteworthy that preferably there should be no gaps for aerosol escape, and the perforations (1.15) not used are covered by plastic film or cap inserted by pressure or screw mechanism.

[082] In the lower support mode in full bottom format, shown in Figure 16, it is provided that the lower support completely covers the bottom of the device. In this modality, the polymeric film (1.7) can only cover the back of the chair, since the bottom is protected against aerosol leakage; in this case, preferably the base is replaced between procedures. The polymeric film (1.7) can also cover part or all of the bottom of the device and can be inserted across the interface between lower support and side walls (1.2). [083] In the cross-shaped lower support mode, illustrated in Figure 19, the fixation of the chamber to the lower support is given only by specific sections of the lower support; that is, the lower support does not accommodate the complete lower edge of the side walls (1.2) of the chamber (1). This modality allows for greater versatility, with adjustments in height, width and depth being possible, and less use of construction material. As an example, the lower support receives the lower edge of the side walls (1.2) of the chamber (1) in the center of its upper edge, and in its side edges at the level of the patient's face and at the height of the chair back.

[084] Optionally, as shown in figure 25, holes for air intake (1.6) can be inserted in the bottom of the lower support (6.1). In this case, the polymeric film does not cover these holes for air intake (1.6). Holes can be provided in the polymeric film that overlap the air intake holes (1.6) of the lower support (6.1), which would be fixed in position by means of the negative pressure generated by the aspiration, in order to minimize contamination of the surface of the bottom support (6.1). [085] Optionally, illustrated in figures 19, 20, 23 and 24, are provided lateral fixing structures (6.3) that can be detachable from a central structure (6.4) of the lower support. Such lateral attachment structures (6.3) may be attached by means of pins or any convenient attachment means to said central structure (6.4) of the lower support in a variable way in angle or distance, thus allowing said lower support (6.1) to be able to be adapted to chairs with different backrest shapes and sizes. [086] Optionally, shown in figure 25, the lower support (6.1) may also comprise stabilization bands (6.5) that extend from the back of the lower support (6.1), hugging the back of the chair and being fixed to the part. front of the lower support (6.1), being optionally secured with quick-release fasteners similar to those used in backpacks and the like.

[087] Optionally, illustrated in figure 18, the lower support (6.1) can be fixed to the back of the dental chair (8) by means of at least one fixation strap (6.2). Said at least one fixation strap (6.2) can be present in any of the exemplary modalities above, and can be used as the only means of fixation to the dental chair (8). In general, the at least one fastening strap (6.2) integrates the structure of the lower support (6.1) and has a format such that, once attached to the back of the chair, it does not allow rotation of the camera in any direction and can only be removed through its upward pull. Ideally, two fixation straps are installed, symmetrically attached to the back of the dental chair (8).

[088] The lower support (6.1) can connect to the chamber at different depths in relation to the dental chair (8), and can either be under (see Figure 17), over (see Figure 16) or at the same depth as the chair (see Figure 14). In the modality under the chair structure, illustrated in figure 17, the patient does not have a view of the lower support (6.1) during the service; however, this modality requires a deeper chamber, resulting in a greater chamber weight. In the chair depth mode, illustrated in figure 16, the lower support (6.1) projects vertically so that the interface between the lower support (6.1) and the chamber is raised in relation to the dental chair (8). This modality allows for a reduction in the weight of the chamber to be used. [089] In one modality, illustrated in figures 26 and 27, the polymeric film (1.7) has extensions that extend beyond the lower support (6.1), to cover the outer layer of the chamber. Said extensions, once the polymeric film (1.7) is pressed at the interface between the lower support (6.1) and the side walls (1.2) of the chamber, they can be fixed to cover the access openings of the professional's hands (1.5), providing an additional sealing mechanism for said openings (1.5). In modalities in which said polymeric film (1.7) is inelastic, it is recommended to make incisions, for example, in an ellipse or cross format, in this so that the professional can insert their hands in said openings (1.5). Preferably, it is employed, together with this mechanism, the coating of the access openings for the hands (1.5) with plastic film (1.10), as previously described, in which the openings for hands (1.5) are sealed with said plastic film (1.10) and, on it, the extensions of said polymeric film are fixed for additional protection.

[090] Said extensions of the polymeric film can be fixed to the chamber or to extensions of the lower support (6.6) by means of at least one fixing insert (1.14), as shown in figures 28 and 29. In one modality, inserts are provided independent fixings for the plastic film layers (1.10) and for the polymeric film extensions; in another modality, the same fixation fittings are used both to fix both the plastic film (1.10) and the extensions of the polymeric film.

[091] In the lower support modalities in the form of a cross, the extensions of the polymeric film can acquire an even more important role, since, as the lower support does not accommodate the complete lower edge of the side walls (1.2), the polymeric film does not it is inserted across the interface between the lower support and the side walls (1.2), the polymeric film extensions being responsible for ensuring a better sealing of the device. In this modality, the fastening fittings can be located around the openings for hand access (1.5), but also in other points of the chamber that allow the sealing of the plastic film (1.10), notably on the upper-right and upper-side edges. left of the chamber.

[092] It is also provided for the possibility of inserting an elastic mechanism, for example, springs, in the lower support (6.1) or in the external surface of the chamber to keep the polymeric film pressed in position. This mechanism directly contacts the polymeric film so that, once fixed in position by pressing at the interface between the lower support (6.1) and the side walls (1.2) of the chamber, remains stretched during the dental procedure. Preferably, such springs press the polymeric film towards the outside of the device.

[093] Optionally, a gutter mechanism (6.7) can be inserted into the device, as shown in figures 37 and 38. This mechanism is intended to collect condensates that may flow along the polymeric film due to the force of gravity. The rail mechanism (6.7) can be connected to the lower support, or directly to the dental chair (8). Preferably, the gutter mechanism (6.7) is removable, and is inserted into the dental chair (8) before and under the polymeric film. In this way, said polymeric film is inserted inside the gutter in one of the following ways: (a) the lower end of the polymeric film is inserted inside the gutter, or (b) the polymeric film is continuously inserted over the gutter, being pressed into the gutter to create a waterproofed pocket where the condensates will be deposited. Alternatively, the gutter mechanism (6.7) is inserted over the polymeric film, being discarded or removed for cleaning between procedures. Optionally, an air intake hole is installed in the gutter or close to it, to remove the condensate, in which case holes are provided in the polymeric film that partially or totally overlap the air intake holes. Optionally, a layer of absorbent material is inserted into the chute.

[094] In one modality, illustrated in Figure 35, a polymeric film curtain is provided at the base of the chamber. This is an optional feature in order to further reduce the risk of aerosol leakage; however, tests carried out by the inventor indicated that the negative pressure generated inside the device by air aspiration is sufficient to ensure that a significant amount of aerosols does not escape into the environment. Said polymeric film curtain can be fixed to the chamber by means of pressure (for example, by winding the patient's body against the dental chair), adhesives or by a system for retaining the curtain (1.12) provided at the base of the chamber, which can understand snap fits, “alligator” mechanisms, or other convenient attachment mechanism. Said polymeric material can be, for example, plastic film or TNT fabric. This curtain can be supplied in one continuous piece, having only its upper end fixed to the chamber, or it can be wrapped around the chamber and a lower section of the patient's body, in this case providing more complete sealing. In another modality, said curtain is provided in several strips of adjacent polymeric material, not being sealed to the patient's body. This curtain is removed between procedures and can be discarded or sanitized for reuse.

[095] Optionally, as shown in figure 36, said device may also comprise a secondary sealing mechanism (11), which is based on a piece installed on the seat of the chair, which aims to allow a more complete sealing of the body of the patient in relation to the professional. [096] In one modality, said secondary sealing mechanism (11) comprises a secondary lower support, preferably comprising a U-profile fitting, comprising two parallel or concurrent edges to the patient's body, which is fixed to the seat of the dental chair (8) , and a secondary chamber to be coupled on said lower secondary support, said secondary chamber intended to cover a lower section of the patient's body preferably comprising left side wall, right side wall and front wall. In this modality, the polymeric film curtain that projects from the aerosol blocking chamber extends to said secondary chamber, being sealed to it by fitting with an "alligator mechanism" or fixed to its internal or external surface. Optionally, said curtain is wrapped around the dental chair, covering the region between the chamber and the secondary fixation mechanism, and being fixed to the external surface of these by means of pressure. This modality allows for greater effectiveness in sealing the chamber base, since the entire region covering the patient's body between the interior of the chamber and the secondary sealing mechanism will be isolated from the environment. Optionally, at least one air suction hole is installed in said sealing mechanism secondary (11).

[097] In one embodiment, said sealing system comprises at least one lower support comprising fastening sockets, which are responsible for securing the polymeric film curtain in an extended conformation over the patient's body. This fixation can be performed on the sides or base of the backrest of the dental chair (8). It is thus possible to minimize the escape of aerosols. [098] In one mode, illustrated in Figure 39, a height adjustment mechanism is provided for the device in question. The mechanism can be mechanical or electrical. As an example, for a mechanical height adjustment mechanism, the lower support has a longitudinal rod (6.8) that allows varying the height of its upper edge (6.10); a movable pin (hitch) (6.9) allows transfixing said rod (6.8) and adjusts the height of the chamber according to the patient's height and better access for the professional. Preferably, the side edges of the lower bracket are perpendicular to the upper edge (6.10), so that the chamber can maintain the same fit on the side edges, the height adjustment of the upper edge (6.10) being sufficient.

[099] In one modality, illustrated in figures 40 and 41, a depth adjustment mechanism is provided for the device in question. As an example, for a mechanical depth adjustment mechanism, there is at least one deployment of the lower support (6.11) comprising locking pin (6.14), outside the chamber (1), passing through the outside of its side (left, right or higher), where a pin snap-in bracket (6.12) is installed. The locking pin is secured in the pin fitting bracket (6.12) next to the chamber at the depth selected by the professional. A spring (6.13) may also be included, which holds the locking pin pressed into the pin snap-in bracket (6.12).

[0100] It is further provided for in the present invention a dental chair comprising the device described above. For example, the dental chair can comprise a lower support (6.1) coming from the factory, which is specially adapted to the specific chamber (1) and polymeric film (1.7), ensuring better sealing and ease of handling. The specially adapted dental chair comprising said device would avoid inefficient improvisations for fixing the chamber (1) to any dental chair. In addition, such a specially adapted dental chair allows an easier and more efficient implementation of some modalities of the present invention, for example, height and/or depth adjustment mechanisms, which could be carried out by means of an electrical system built into the dental chair. Furthermore, for the modality comprising front cover (1.1) movable by means of at least one hinge mechanism (1.9), the specially adapted dental chair can be constructed so that the side walls (1.2) of the chamber (1), once mounted to the dental chair, form a unique structure with it, giving rise to a product with bolder aesthetics and providing greater comfort to the patient.

The system for reducing aerosolization dispersion

[0101] For air purification, an air aspiration and treatment system (5) was developed, shown in figure 42, specially designed for chamber and process for blocking aerosols in care dental and health care, where the contaminated air is sucked by a suction unit (vacuum pump or aspirator) (5.5) from inside the chamber by at least one hose (5.6) to a filter unit

(5.2) inside which there is an antiseptic solution (5.3) that will eliminate microorganisms. The negative pressure inside the filter unit (5.2) generates suction in said at least one pipe (5.1) being submerged inside this liquid so that the contaminated air leaves inside the liquid and is purified, this purified air being then sucked by the suction unit (5.5) responsible for generating the vacuum inside the filter unit (5.2), making the contaminated air circulate inside this unit and be sucked by said at least one hose (5.6), which is superficially inside the filter unit (5.2) without touching the antiseptic solution (5.3) which may be contaminated. It is also evident the presence of a pressure relief orifice (5.4) that prevents collapse and excessive vacuum in the filter unit (5.2) as well as the possibility of aspiration of the antiseptic solution (5.3). If this filtering unit is positioned inside the office or hospital environment, this pressure relief orifice (5.4) represents a second and important source of aspiration of possible contaminants that may be circulating in the ambient air. It is recommended to install the suction unit (5.5) outside the environment.

[0102] The at least one pipe (5.1) is preferably flexible in order to provide better handling. For the modality comprising front cover (1.1) movable by means of a hinge mechanism (1.9), for example, the at least one pipe (5.1) can be rigid. The antiseptic solution

(4.3) can be, for example, a solution of sodium hypochlorite dissolved in water, in concentrations typically used for disinfection.

[0103] The aspirated air flow should preferably be such that it does not cause a risk of suffocation of the patient inside the chamber (1). In one modality, the total flow of aspirated air is 30 to 200 L/min, more specifically 40 to 160 L/min.

[0104] In one mode, illustrated in Figure 43, an air filtration and purification system is provided comprising two filtering units (5.2) in series to assist in air purification where the at least one hose (5.6) does not release the air directly to the suction unit (5.5) and yes to a second filter unit (5.2).

[0105] One, two or as many filter units (5.2) can be added as needed, preferably in series (5.7), and can also be inserted in parallel for high flows, to purify the air drawn from chambers (1) of devices blocking aerosols, returning clean air to the environment without risk to the health of the team, patients and society, as illustrated in figures 44 and 45.

[0106] It is also worth noting the possibility of adding ultraviolet light lamps (5.8) inside the filtering unit (5.2) at the germicidal frequency called UVC (180 to 280 nm) which are capable of inactivating bacteria, viruses, cysts , mold and yeast and which will help to purify the air that circulates inside this unit (5.2) as well as assist in the maintenance and decontamination of the antiseptic solution

(5.3) and elimination of more resistant microorganisms as shown in figure 46. [0107] For the suction unit (5.5) the vacuum systems or vacuum pump that already exist and available in the clinics and health unit can be used or use a vacuum and water vacuum, preferably being specially designed or adapted for the exercise of health practices. Preferably, the interior of this vacuum cleaner will be able to receive cleaning with soap and water as well as disinfection with 70° alcohol.

[0108] This vacuum cleaner can have an adapted filter system that will retain microorganisms that may not have been stopped by the aspiration system and air treatment (5). Different filters for retaining microorganisms can be used; for example, a double filter can be adopted in which the first filter is a small bag adapted to the internal mouth of the vacuum cleaner, and the second filter works as the final barrier for these microorganisms. Both are ideally disposable or alternatively washable and reusable. You can also adopt any filter effective to retain microorganisms, for example, HEPA filters (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestancé), cotton filters, TNT filters, polypropylene filters, or other equivalents. In one embodiment, the microorganism retention filter has a pore diameter between 10 and 600 nanometers. In one embodiment, said filter material may comprise cotton or TNT.

[0109] The at least one pipe can connect the different holes for air intake from the chamber to the filter unit (5.2) in the form of independent ducts, or it can comprise joints where the air flows sucked from different holes meet , being then conducted through independent ducts to the filtering unit, preferably by a single independent duct. A plurality of independent ducts can be used in a plurality of different orifices, seeking to obtain a sufficient suction flow to avoid dead zones inside the chamber.

[0110] If necessary, there is the possibility of accessing and using a nasal cannula, in order to allow oxygen therapy in order to correct and alleviate a possible oxygen deficiency if the patient requires this condition or when the suction and filtration unit decreases the oxygen concentration inside the chamber. Ideally, it is not necessary to apply a nasal cannula, since the device used is not hermetically sealed, with an oxygen content in its interior similar to that of atmospheric air.

[0111] In one modality, the aspiration of said system can be pedal-operated by the health professional, adopting an electrical system typical of other pedal-operated equipment used in dentistry, such as high-speed pens and dental handpieces. Any equivalent drive mechanism can also be used. In one modality, pressing the pedal is responsible for activating or deactivating the aspiration. In another modality, the system suction is kept in operation only while the professional is pressing said pedal. Other mechanical or electrical lever or button mechanisms with a similar effect may also be employed.

[0112] In order to complete the care security protocol, a disinfection tank especially adapted to the device of the present invention can also be provided. Preferably, it is an immersion disinfection tank (12) with a format adapted to the device, in which after the dental care, the dental professional inserts the chamber (1) for disinfection. Ideally, chamber (1) is completely covered by a disinfectant solution, for example an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite. Optionally, a bubbling system is provided inside the tank, for circulation of the disinfectant solution. In one modality, the professional can use two devices as described in the present invention in his office, while one is being used in dental care, the other is in disinfection in said disinfection tank. After immersion in a disinfectant solution, the chamber can be washed with clean water in another similar tank, and then dried at room temperature or artificially eg with forced ventilation.

The method for blocking aerosols

[0113] In general, the method for reducing dispersion by aerosolization in dental and health care allows you to create a barrier that allows you to isolate the patient in an internal environment separate from the external environment where the professional is located, in order to allow that it performs the necessary procedure without loss of quality, as well as making it possible to filter and purify the air, returning it to the environment without risk of exposure to the health team involved or to society.

[0114] It is necessary to emphasize that all protocols recommended by the World Health Organization must be maintained. The present device becomes another important tool for the control of infectious and contagious diseases and does not in any way dispense with the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and protocols proposed so far, even if unfortunately these methods recommended by the WHO so far do not represent total protection of the team.

[0115] Therefore, the device is preferably prepared in advance for the service, washing with soap and water, drying and disinfection with 70° alcohol. As well as disinfection of the entire service environment, chairs, handles, reflectors.

[0116] The dental chair to be used may optionally comprise a lower support provided for in its design, or said lower support can be inserted to perform the procedure. On the dental chair and on the lower support, when present, a polymeric film is deposited to cover the chair back.

[0117] The patient is then positioned in the chair, on the polymeric film, optionally receiving a disposable field that will leave only their face exposed. The chamber is then closed over the patient, with the patient helping to position them in a comfortable manner. The polymeric film (1.7) seals the bottom of the chamber on the back of the dental chair (8). The suction pipes can be positioned in the holes with their mouthpieces. Access openings for passage of hands are sealed with plastic wrap. For the professional to have access to the patient, small cuts (incisions) are preferably made in the plastic film that covers the access holes in the professional's hands, or by cuffs, when applicable. The air inside the chamber is sucked and treated through filtration and, preferably, antisepsis. The professional should preferably use disposable gloves for the procedure as well as disposable sleeves to eliminate both at the end of the service. Optionally, the sealing of the access openings for the passage of hands can be carried out prior to the installation of the chamber in position, or even prior to the beginning of patient care.

[0118] In one modality, prior to care, the chamber is out of position, being closed on the patient through its complete insertion on the patient. In another modality, in which the front cover chamber (1.1) is provided, movable by means of at least one hinge mechanism (1.9), the chamber can be installed on the polymeric film (1.7) and on the dental chair (8) previously to the service; once the patient is positioned inside, the front cover (1) is closed over the patient, preferably having its edges sealed with plastic film, ensuring the sealing of the device.

[0119] Prior to service, the antiseptic liquid should preferably have been installed as well as the entire filtration and purification system as described above.

[0120] One, two or as many filtration units (5.2) may be added as necessary to purify the aspirated air from the chamber (1), returning it clean to the environment without risk to the health of the team, patients and society.

[0121] At the end of the service, the professional can remove their arms from the interior of the chamber, change the gloves and, together with the assistant, remove the device, with the field over the patient being discarded as well as the plastic film or cuffs used, being the device sent for washing and disinfection with 70° alcohol as described above.

[0122] The cleaning of the chamber is performed by immersion inside a tank containing an antiseptic solution. Optionally, the professional can obtain at least two chambers, while one is used in a service, the other is being sanitized, thus allowing a normal flow of service by the dental professional.

[0123] Thus, the technology described in this patent application basically consists of: device, dental chair, system and method that allow the patient to be completely isolated in a controlled environment, without losing the correct visualization and consequent adequate execution of the procedures due to the existence of a system for cleaning the display, where aerosols and waste produced in dental care are aspirated, filtered, purified, returning fresh air to the environment, reducing risks to health professionals, patient staff and society.

[0124] It should be noted that the figures and description presented are not intended to limit the ways of implementing the inventive concept proposed herein, but rather to illustrate and make comprehensible the conceptual innovations revealed in this solution. Thus, the descriptions and images must be interpreted in an illustrative and non-limiting way, and there may be other equivalent or similar forms of implementation that must be considered within the scope of the present invention.

[0125] This descriptive report deals with inventive device, dental chair, system and process that result in a new technical effect in relation to the state of the art, thus proving its novelty, inventive step, descriptive sufficiency and industrial application, meeting all essential requirements for granting an invention patent.

Claims

1. AEROSOL BLOCKING DEVICE FOR DENTAL CARE comprising:

- at least two access openings for the professional's hands (1.5);

- at least one air intake hole (1.6);

- in which said device is for enclosing the patient's head, upper trunk and upper limbs; characterized by still understanding

- chamber (1) formed by front cover (1.1), side walls (1.2), free bottom (1.3), free base or partially free (1.4);

- polymeric film (1.7) for sealing the bottom of the device on the back of a dental chair (8).

2. DEVICE according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fixation system (6) formed by a lower support (6.1) fixed to the structure of the dental chair (8) for fitting the edge of the side walls (1.2) of the chamber (1).

3. DEVICE according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a glass cleaner (2) that operates on the surface of the top lid (1.1) formed by

- crank (2.1);

- through axle (2.2);

- sealing gasket (2.3);

- spring (2.4);

- rotational system (2.5);

- wiper arm (2.6);

- fastening element (2.7);

- wiper blade (2.8).

DEVICE, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises internal lighting (4) inside the chamber (1).

5. DEVICE according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the access openings for the hands (1.5) are sealed with a layer of plastic film (1.10) or cuffs allowing the insertion of the professional's hands.

6. DEVICE according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one incision (1.101, 1102) is made in said layer of plastic film (1.10) during dental care.

A device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, in said fixing system (6), said lower support (6.1) receives the lower edge of the side walls (1.2) retaining the chamber (1) , in which said polymeric film (1.7) is fixed at the interface between said lower support (6.1) and said side walls (1.2).

8. DEVICE according to claim 7, characterized in that the polymeric film (1.7) has extensions to cover at least one of the access openings for the hands of the professional (1.5) of the camera (1), said extensions being fixed externally to the chamber by at least one fixing insert (1.14).

A device according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises extensions of the lower support (6.6), in which said at least one fastening socket (1.14) is situated.

10. DEVICE according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a suction hole in the base (1.4) or in a front suction compartment (1.8) coupled to the base (1.4).

A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said front cover (1.1) is movable by means of at least one hinge mechanism (1.9).

Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a polymeric film curtain (1.12) to cover the base (1.4) of the chamber (1), sealing the space between the patient's trunk and the device.

13. DEVICE according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said lower support (6.1) comprises lateral fixation structures (6.3) to the dental chair (8).

A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said polymeric film (1.7) comprises a fluid-absorbing layer (1.17).

15. DEVICE according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a secondary fixation mechanism (11) in which a polymeric film or polymeric film curtain is fixed for enclosing the lower part of the patient's trunk.

16. DEVICE, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a mechanism among: height adjustment mechanism, depth adjustment mechanism, gutter mechanism.

17. DEVICE according to claim 16, characterized in that said height adjustment mechanism comprises a longitudinal rod (6.8), an upper edge (6.10) and a movable pin (6.9).

18. DEVICE according to claim 16, characterized in that said depth adjustment mechanism comprises at least one unfolding of the lower support (6.11), a pin fitting support (6.12), a spring (6.13) and a pin of crash (6.14).

19. DEVICE according to any one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that it further comprises stabilization bands (6.5) for fixing the device to the dental chair (8).

20. DEVICE according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said chamber (1) comprises perforations for fixing to the dental chair (8).

21. DENTAL CHAIR, characterized in that it comprises a device as defined in any one of the preceding claims.

22. AEROSOL BLOCKING SYSTEM comprising:

- a transparent chamber (1) for blocking and controlling the emission of aerosols expelled by a patient (9) partially positioned inside it; characterized in that it comprises at least one pipe (5.1), a filter unit (5.2) with an antiseptic solution (5.3), at least one suction unit (5.5), at least one hose (5.6), wherein said suction unit (5.5) maintains the system at negative pressure, in such a way that the air inside the chamber (1) comprising at least two access openings (1.5) for the passage of hands and at least one hole (1.6) for air intake and whose bottom is sealed by polymeric film (1.7), is sucked through at least one pipe (5.1), filtered inside the at least one filter unit (5.2), sucked through at least one hose (5.6) , filtered by the suction unit (5.5) and released to the environment.

23. SYSTEM according to claim 22, characterized in that it further comprises pressure relief orifice (5.4) installed in the filter unit (5.2).

24. SYSTEM according to claim 22, characterized in that it further comprises ultraviolet light lamps (5.8) inside the filtering unit (5.2).

25. SYSTEM according to claim 22, characterized in that it comprises at least two filter units installed in series.

26. SYSTEM according to claim 22, characterized in that the suction unit (5.5) comprises a filter retaining microorganisms.

27. METHOD FOR BLOCKING AEROSOLS characterized by comprising the following steps: a) providing a polymeric film (1.7) on a dental chair (8); b) lead a patient to position himself on said polymeric film (1.7); c) enclose over the patient a chamber (1) comprising at least two access openings (1.5) for the passage of hands and at least one orifice (1.6) for air suction, in which the polymeric film (1.7) seals the bottom of the camera on the back of the dental chair (8); d) seal the access openings (1.5) for the passage of hands, externally, with plastic film (1.10) or cuffs; e) suction the air inside the chamber (1); f) treat the sucked air through filtration.

28. METHOD according to claim 28, characterized in that it further comprises step g) inserting a polymeric film curtain (1.12) to cover the base (1.4) of the chamber (1), sealing the space between the patient's trunk and the device .

29. METHOD according to claim 28, characterized in that in step (d), extensions of said polymeric film (1.7) are used to cover at least one of the access openings for the professional's hands (1.5) of the camera (1 ), said extensions being fixed by at least one fixing insert (1.14).