WO2021201510A1 - Dpb 관련 정보 및 ptl 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 - Google Patents
Dpb 관련 정보 및 ptl 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021201510A1 WO2021201510A1 PCT/KR2021/003778 KR2021003778W WO2021201510A1 WO 2021201510 A1 WO2021201510 A1 WO 2021201510A1 KR 2021003778 W KR2021003778 W KR 2021003778W WO 2021201510 A1 WO2021201510 A1 WO 2021201510A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dpb
- vps
- information
- ols
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013488 ordinary least square regression Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 47
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 19
- 241000023320 Luma <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 9
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000037170 Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003709 image segmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012536 storage buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/184—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being bits, e.g. of the compressed video stream
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/1883—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit relating to sub-band structure, e.g. hierarchical level, directional tree, e.g. low-high [LH], high-low [HL], high-high [HH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
- H04N19/423—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation characterised by memory arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus, and more particularly, to an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for signaling Decoded Picture Buffer (DPB) related information and PTL (Profile Tier Level) related information. It relates to a computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method/apparatus.
- DPB Decoded Picture Buffer
- PTL Profile Tier Level
- HD images high definition (HD) images and ultra high definition (UHD) images
- UHD images ultra high definition
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus with improved encoding/decoding efficiency.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for improving encoding/decoding efficiency by efficiently signaling DPB-related information and PTL-related information.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method of transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream that is received and decoded by an image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used to restore an image.
- An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus includes: obtaining first information indicating the number of one or more decoded picture buffer (DPB) parameter syntax structures in a video parameter set (VPS); obtaining the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures from the VPS based on first information; based on the first information, one or more multi-layer output layer sets (OLS) from the VPS; obtaining second information about a mapping between the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures; selecting a DPB parameter syntax structure applied to a current OLS based on the second information; and the selected DPB parameter syntax structure based on , processing the current OLS.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- VPS video parameter set
- OLS multi-layer output layer sets
- the number of the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS may not be greater than the number of the one or more multi-layer OLSs.
- each of the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS may be mapped to at least one multi-layer OLS among the one or more multi-layer OLSs.
- the second information may be obtained from the VPS based on the fact that the number of the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS is greater than one.
- the second information is not obtained from the VPS, and the second information has a value of 0 can be inferred as
- a DPB parameter syntax structure applied to the current OLS may be obtained from a sequence parameter set (SPS).
- SPS sequence parameter set
- the video decoding method of the present disclosure includes: obtaining third information indicating the number of one or more profile tier level (PTL) syntax structures in a VPS; based on the third information, the one or more PTL syntax structures from the VPS obtaining, based on the third information, obtaining fourth information about a mapping between the one or more OLSs and the one or more PTL syntax structures from the VPS; and based on the fourth information, the The method may further include selecting a PTL syntax structure currently applied to the OLS.
- PTL profile tier level
- the number of the one or more PTL syntax structures in the VPS may not be greater than the total number of the one or more OLSs.
- each of the one or more PTL syntax structures in the VPS may be mapped to at least one OLS among the one or more OLSs.
- An image decoding apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor indicates the number of one or more decoded picture buffer (DPB) parameter syntax structures in a video parameter set (VPS).
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- VPS video parameter set
- obtain first information obtain the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures from the VPS based on the first information, and obtain one or more multi-layer OLS from the VPS based on the first information
- a video encoding method performed by a video encoding apparatus includes encoding first information indicating the number of one or more decoded picture buffer (DPB) parameter syntax structures in a video parameter set (VPS); Based on the first information, encoding the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS; Based on the first information, one or more multi-layer output layer sets (OLS) in the VPS and encoding second information about a mapping between the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures, selecting a DPB parameter syntax structure currently applied to the OLS based on the second information, and the selected DPB parameter syntax based on the structure, processing the current OLS.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- VPS video parameter set
- OLS multi-layer output layer sets
- the number of the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS may not be greater than the number of the one or more multi-layer OLSs.
- each of the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS may be mapped to at least one multi-layer OLS among the one or more multi-layer OLSs.
- the second information may be encoded in the VPS based on the number of the one or more DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS being greater than 1.
- a transmission method may transmit a bitstream generated by the image encoding apparatus or the image encoding method of the present disclosure.
- a computer-readable recording medium may store a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or image encoding apparatus of the present disclosure.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus having improved encoding/decoding efficiency may be provided.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus capable of improving encoding/decoding efficiency by efficiently signaling DPB-related information and PTL-related information can be provided.
- a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a bitstream received and decoded by the image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used to restore an image.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a video coding system to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a schematic picture decoding procedure to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a schematic picture encoding procedure to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical structure for a coded image/video.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a syntax structure of a VPS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure for signaling a DPB parameter according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a syntax structure of a VPS according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of an image encoding method to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of an image decoding method to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining another example of an image decoding method to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a process of encoding a DPB parameter based on information on the number of DPB parameters according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for describing a process of decoding a DPB parameter based on information on the number of DPB parameters according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 15 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- a component when it is said that a component is “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” with another component, it is not only a direct connection relationship, but also an indirect connection relationship in which another component exists in the middle. may also include.
- a component when a component is said to "include” or “have” another component, it means that another component may be further included without excluding other components unless otherwise stated. .
- first, second, etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment is referred to as a first component in another embodiment. can also be called
- components that are distinguished from each other are for clearly explaining each characteristic, and do not necessarily mean that the components are separated. That is, a plurality of components may be integrated to form one hardware or software unit, or one component may be distributed to form a plurality of hardware or software units. Accordingly, even if not specifically mentioned, such integrated or dispersed embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- components described in various embodiments do not necessarily mean essential components, and some may be optional components. Accordingly, an embodiment composed of a subset of components described in one embodiment is also included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, embodiments including other components in addition to components described in various embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of an image, and terms used in the present disclosure may have conventional meanings commonly used in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs unless they are newly defined in the present disclosure.
- a “picture” generally means a unit representing one image in a specific time period
- a slice/tile is a coding unit constituting a part of a picture
- one picture is one It may be composed of more than one slice/tile.
- a slice/tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTUs).
- pixel or “pel” may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image).
- sample may be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a “unit” may indicate a basic unit of image processing.
- the unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region.
- a unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as “sample array”, “block” or “area” in some cases.
- the MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) or a set (or arrays) of transform coefficients including M columns and N rows.
- current block may mean one of “current coding block”, “current coding unit”, “coding object block”, “decoding object block”, or “processing object block”.
- current block may mean “current prediction block” or “prediction target block”.
- transform inverse transform
- quantization inverse quantization
- current block may mean “current transform block” or “transform target block”.
- filtering the “current block” may mean a “filtering target block”.
- the "current block” may mean a block including both a luma component block and a chroma component block or "a luma block of the current block” unless there is an explicit description of the chroma block.
- the luma component block of the current block may be explicitly expressed by including an explicit description of the luma component block, such as “luma block” or “current luma block”.
- the chroma component block of the current block may be explicitly expressed by including an explicit description of a chroma component block, such as "chroma block” or "current chroma block”.
- a or B (A or B) may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
- a or B (A or B)” may be interpreted as “A and/or B (A and/or B)”.
- A, B or C(A, B or C) means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any and any combination of A, B and C ( any combination of A, B and C)”.
- a slash (/) or comma (comma) used in the present disclosure may mean “and/or”.
- A/B may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
- A, B, C may mean “A, B, or C”.
- “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
- the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one It can be interpreted the same as “at least one of A and B”.
- “at least one of A, B and C” means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “A, B and C” Any combination of A, B and C”. Also, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” means may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
- parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”. Specifically, when “prediction (intra prediction)” is indicated, “intra prediction” may be proposed as an example of “prediction”. In other words, “prediction” of the present disclosure is not limited to “intra prediction”, and “intra prediction” may be proposed as an example of “prediction”. Also, even when “prediction (ie, intra prediction)” is indicated, “intra prediction” may be proposed as an example of “prediction”.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a video coding system according to this disclosure.
- a video coding system may include an encoding apparatus 10 and a decoding apparatus 20 .
- the encoding apparatus 10 may transmit encoded video and/or image information or data in the form of a file or streaming to the decoding apparatus 20 through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the encoding apparatus 10 may include a video source generator 11 , an encoder 12 , and a transmitter 13 .
- the decoding apparatus 20 may include a receiving unit 21 , a decoding unit 22 , and a rendering unit 23 .
- the encoder 12 may be referred to as a video/image encoder, and the decoder 22 may be referred to as a video/image decoder.
- the transmitter 13 may be included in the encoder 12 .
- the receiver 21 may be included in the decoder 22 .
- the rendering unit 23 may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or external component.
- the video source generator 11 may acquire a video/image through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating the video/image.
- the video source generating unit 11 may include a video/image capturing device and/or a video/image generating device.
- a video/image capture device may include, for example, one or more cameras, a video/image archive containing previously captured video/images, and the like.
- a video/image generating device may include, for example, a computer, tablet, and smart phone, and may (electronically) generate a video/image.
- a virtual video/image may be generated through a computer, etc. In this case, the video/image capturing process may be substituted for the process of generating related data.
- the encoder 12 may encode an input video/image.
- the encoder 12 may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and encoding efficiency.
- the encoder 12 may output encoded data (encoded video/image information) in the form of a bitstream.
- the transmitter 13 may transmit the encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bitstream in the form of a file or streaming to the receiver 21 of the decoding apparatus 20 through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- the transmission unit 13 may include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format, and may include an element for transmission through a broadcast/communication network.
- the receiver 21 may extract/receive the bitstream from the storage medium or the network and transmit it to the decoder 22 .
- the decoder 22 may decode the video/image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transform, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoder 12 .
- the rendering unit 23 may render the decoded video/image.
- the rendered video/image may be displayed through the display unit.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image encoding apparatus 100 includes an image segmentation unit 110 , a subtraction unit 115 , a transform unit 120 , a quantization unit 130 , an inverse quantization unit 140 , and an inverse transform unit ( 150 ), an adder 155 , a filtering unit 160 , a memory 170 , an inter prediction unit 180 , an intra prediction unit 185 , and an entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the inter prediction unit 180 and the intra prediction unit 185 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the transform unit 120 , the quantization unit 130 , the inverse quantization unit 140 , and the inverse transform unit 150 may be included in a residual processing unit.
- the residual processing unit may further include a subtraction unit 115 .
- All or at least some of the plurality of components constituting the image encoding apparatus 100 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, an encoder or a processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory 170 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- the image dividing unit 110 may divide an input image (or a picture, a frame) input to the image encoding apparatus 100 into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be referred to as a coding unit (CU).
- Coding unit is a coding tree unit (coding tree unit, CTU) or largest coding unit (LCU) according to the QT / BT / TT (Quad-tree / binary-tree / ternary-tree) structure recursively ( can be obtained by recursively segmenting.
- one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units having a lower depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure.
- a quad tree structure may be applied first and a binary tree structure and/or a ternary tree structure may be applied later.
- a coding procedure according to the present disclosure may be performed based on the last coding unit that is no longer divided.
- the largest coding unit may be directly used as the final coding unit, and a coding unit of a lower depth obtained by dividing the largest coding unit may be used as the final cornet unit.
- the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and/or restoration, which will be described later.
- the processing unit of the coding procedure may be a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the final coding unit, respectively.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit for deriving a transform coefficient and/or a unit for deriving a residual signal from the transform coefficient.
- the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185) performs prediction on a processing target block (current block), and generates a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied on a current block or CU basis.
- the prediction unit may generate various information regarding prediction of the current block and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the prediction information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the vicinity of the current block according to an intra prediction mode and/or an intra prediction technique, or may be located apart from each other.
- the intra prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include, for example, a DC mode and a planar mode (Planar mode).
- the directional mode may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes according to the granularity of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and a higher or lower number of directional prediction modes may be used according to a setting.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit 180 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.
- the temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), or the like.
- the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter prediction unit 180 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block. can create Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit 180 may use motion information of a neighboring block as motion information of the current block. In the skip mode, unlike the merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted.
- a motion vector of a neighboring block is used as a motion vector predictor, and a motion vector difference and an indicator for the motion vector predictor ( indicator) to signal the motion vector of the current block.
- the motion vector difference may mean a difference between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor.
- the prediction unit may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods and/or prediction techniques to be described later. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of the current block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. A prediction method that simultaneously applies intra prediction and inter prediction for prediction of the current block may be referred to as combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Also, the prediction unit may perform intra block copy (IBC) for prediction of the current block. The intra block copy may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC is a method of predicting a current block using a reconstructed reference block in a current picture located a predetermined distance away from the current block.
- CIIP combined inter and intra prediction
- IBC intra block copy
- the intra block copy may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC is a method of predicting a current block using a reconstructed reference block in a current picture located
- the position of the reference block in the current picture may be encoded as a vector (block vector) corresponding to the predetermined distance.
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this disclosure.
- the prediction signal generated by the prediction unit may be used to generate a reconstructed signal or may be used to generate a residual signal.
- the subtraction unit 115 subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit from the input image signal (original block, original sample array) to obtain a residual signal (residual signal, residual block, and residual sample array). ) can be created.
- the generated residual signal may be transmitted to the converter 120 .
- the transform unit 120 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal.
- the transformation method may include at least one of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST), Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), Graph-Based Transform (GBT), or Conditionally Non-linear Transform (CNT).
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- DST Discrete Sine Transform
- KLT Karhunen-Loeve Transform
- GBT Graph-Based Transform
- CNT Conditionally Non-linear Transform
- GBT means a transformation obtained from this graph when expressing relationship information between pixels in a graph.
- CNT refers to a transformation obtained by generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels and based thereon.
- the transformation process may be applied to a block of pixels having the same size as a square, or may be applied to a block of variable size that is not a square.
- the quantization unit 130 may quantize the transform coefficients and transmit them to the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode a quantized signal (information on quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream.
- Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as residual information.
- the quantization unit 130 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in the block form into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form are quantized based on the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form.
- Information about the transform coefficients may be generated.
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may perform various encoding methods such as, for example, exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode information necessary for video/image reconstruction (eg, values of syntax elements, etc.) other than the quantized transform coefficients together or separately.
- Encoded information e.g., encoded video/image information
- NAL network abstraction layer
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). Also, the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- APS adaptation parameter set
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- VPS video parameter set
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the signaling information, transmitted information, and/or syntax elements mentioned in this disclosure may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted over a network or may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- a transmission unit (not shown) and/or a storage unit (not shown) for storing the signal output from the entropy encoding unit 190 may be provided as internal/external elements of the image encoding apparatus 100 , or transmission The unit may be provided as a component of the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 130 may be used to generate a residual signal.
- a residual signal residual block or residual samples
- a residual signal residual block or residual samples
- the adder 155 adds a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185 .
- a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185 .
- the adder 155 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generator.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing object block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- the filtering unit 160 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 160 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 170 , specifically, the DPB of the memory 170 .
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the filtering unit 160 may generate various information regarding filtering and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190 as described later in the description of each filtering method.
- the filtering-related information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the modified reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 170 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180 .
- the image encoding apparatus 100 can avoid a prediction mismatch between the image encoding apparatus 100 and the image decoding apparatus, and can also improve encoding efficiency.
- the DPB in the memory 170 may store a reconstructed picture corrected for use as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180 .
- the memory 170 may store motion information of a block in which motion information in the current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 180 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 170 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 185 .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 includes an entropy decoding unit 210 , an inverse quantization unit 220 , an inverse transform unit 230 , an adder 235 , a filtering unit 240 , and a memory 250 .
- the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be included.
- the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the inverse quantization unit 220 and the inverse transform unit 230 may be included in the residual processing unit.
- All or at least some of the plurality of components constituting the image decoding apparatus 200 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, a decoder or a processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory 250 may include a DPB, and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may reconstruct the image by performing a process corresponding to the process performed by the image encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 2 .
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the image encoding apparatus.
- the processing unit of decoding may be, for example, a coding unit.
- a coding unit may be a coding tree unit or may be obtained by dividing the largest coding unit.
- the reconstructed image signal decoded and output through the image decoding apparatus 200 may be reproduced through a reproducing apparatus (not shown).
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may receive the signal output from the image encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream.
- the received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 210 .
- the entropy decoding unit 210 may parse the bitstream to derive information (eg, video/image information) required for image restoration (or picture restoration).
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the image decoding apparatus may additionally use the information about the parameter set and/or the general restriction information to decode the image.
- the signaling information, received information and/or syntax elements mentioned in this disclosure may be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure.
- the entropy decoding unit 210 decodes information in the bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb encoding, CAVLC or CABAC, and quantizes the value of a syntax element required for image reconstruction and a transform coefficient related to the residual. values can be printed.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, and receives syntax element information to be decoded and decoding information of neighboring blocks and to-be-decoded blocks or information of symbols/bins decoded in the previous step.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model by using the decoded symbol/bin information for the context model of the next symbol/bin after determining the context model.
- Prediction-related information among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210 is provided to the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265), and the entropy decoding unit 210 performs entropy decoding. Dual values, that is, quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the inverse quantization unit 220 . Also, information on filtering among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210 may be provided to the filtering unit 240 .
- a receiving unit for receiving a signal output from the image encoding apparatus may be additionally provided as an internal/external element of the image decoding apparatus 200 , or the receiving unit is provided as a component of the entropy decoding unit 210 .
- a receiving unit for receiving a signal output from the image encoding apparatus may be additionally provided as an internal/external element of the image decoding apparatus 200 , or the receiving unit is provided as a component of the entropy decoding unit 210 .
- the image decoding apparatus may be referred to as a video/image/picture decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding apparatus may include an information decoder (video/image/picture information decoder) and/or a sample decoder (video/image/picture sample decoder).
- the information decoder may include an entropy decoding unit 210, and the sample decoder includes an inverse quantizer 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an adder 235, a filtering unit 240, a memory 250, At least one of an inter prediction unit 260 and an intra prediction unit 265 may be included.
- the inverse quantizer 220 may inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients to output transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantizer 220 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on a coefficient scan order performed by the image encoding apparatus.
- the inverse quantizer 220 may perform inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- a quantization parameter eg, quantization step size information
- the inverse transform unit 230 may inverse transform the transform coefficients to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).
- the prediction unit may perform prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the prediction information output from the entropy decoding unit 210, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode (prediction technique).
- the intra prediction unit 265 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the description of the intra prediction unit 185 may be equally applied to the intra prediction unit 265 .
- the inter prediction unit 260 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the inter prediction unit 260 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information.
- Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes (techniques), and the prediction information may include information indicating a mode (technique) of inter prediction for the current block.
- the adder 235 restores the obtained residual signal by adding it to the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 260 and/or the intra prediction unit 265 ).
- a signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) may be generated.
- the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the description of the adder 155 may be equally applied to the adder 235 .
- the addition unit 235 may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing object block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- the filtering unit 240 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 240 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 250 , specifically, the memory 250 . It can be stored in DPB.
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 250 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 260 .
- the memory 250 may store motion information of a block in which motion information in the current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 260 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 250 may store reconstructed samples of blocks reconstructed in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 265 .
- the embodiments described in the filtering unit 160, the inter prediction unit 180, and the intra prediction unit 185 of the image encoding apparatus 100 include the filtering unit 240 of the image decoding apparatus 200, The same or corresponding application may be applied to the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 .
- pictures constituting the video/video may be encoded/decoded according to a series of decoding orders.
- a picture order corresponding to an output order of decoded pictures may be set different from the decoding order, and based on this, not only forward prediction but also backward prediction may be performed during inter prediction based on this.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a schematic picture decoding procedure to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.
- step S410 may be performed by the entropy decoding unit 210
- step S420 may be performed by a prediction unit including the intra prediction unit 265 and the inter prediction unit 260
- step S430 may be performed
- the residual processing unit including the inverse quantization unit 220 and the inverse transform unit 230 may perform step S440
- the adder 235 may perform step S450
- the filtering unit 240 may perform step S450.
- Step S410 may include the information decoding procedure described in this disclosure
- step S420 may include the inter/intra prediction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S430 may include the residual processing procedure described in this disclosure
- step S440 may include the block/picture reconstruction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S450 may include the in-loop filtering procedure described in this disclosure.
- the picture decoding procedure schematically as shown in the description for FIG. 3 image/video information acquisition procedure (S410), picture restoration procedure (S420 ⁇ S440) from the bitstream (through decoding) and the restored It may include an in-loop filtering procedure (S450) for the picture.
- the picture restoration procedure is based on prediction samples and residual samples obtained through inter/intra prediction (S420) and residual processing (S430), inverse quantization of quantized transform coefficients, and inverse transform) described in the present disclosure.
- a modified reconstructed picture may be generated through an in-loop filtering procedure for the reconstructed picture generated through the picture reconstructing procedure, and the modified reconstructed picture may be output as a decoded picture, and It is stored in the decoded picture buffer or memory 250 and may be used as a reference picture in an inter prediction procedure when decoding a picture thereafter.
- the in-loop filtering procedure may be omitted, and in this case, the reconstructed picture may be output as a decoded picture, and is stored in the decoded picture buffer or memory 250 of the decoding apparatus and interpolated during decoding of subsequent pictures. It can be used as a reference picture in the prediction procedure.
- the in-loop filtering procedure may include a deblocking filtering procedure, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) procedure, an adaptive loop filter (ALF) procedure, and/or a bi-lateral filter procedure as described above. may be, and some or all of them may be omitted.
- one or some of the deblocking filtering procedure, the sample adaptive offset (SAO) procedure, the adaptive loop filter (ALF) procedure, and the bi-lateral filter procedure may be sequentially applied, or all are sequential may be applied as
- the SAO procedure may be performed.
- the ALF procedure may be performed. This may also be performed in the encoding apparatus.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a schematic picture encoding procedure to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.
- step S510 may be performed by a prediction unit including the intra prediction unit 185 or the inter prediction unit 180
- step S520 includes the transform unit 120 and/or the quantization unit 130 .
- This may be performed by the residual processing unit
- step S530 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- Step S510 may include the inter/intra prediction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S520 may include the residual processing procedure described in this disclosure
- step S530 may include the information encoding procedure described in this disclosure. can do.
- the picture encoding procedure schematically encodes information for picture restoration (eg, prediction information, residual information, partitioning information, etc.) as shown in the description for FIG. 2, and outputs it in the form of a bitstream
- information for picture restoration eg, prediction information, residual information, partitioning information, etc.
- a procedure for generating a reconstructed picture for the current picture and a procedure for applying in-loop filtering to the reconstructed picture may be included (optional).
- the encoding apparatus may derive (corrected) residual samples from the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit 140 and the inverse transform unit 150 , and the prediction samples output from step S510 and the (modified) ledger.
- a reconstructed picture may be generated based on the dual samples.
- the reconstructed picture thus generated may be the same as the reconstructed picture generated by the above-described decoding apparatus.
- a modified reconstructed picture may be generated through an in-loop filtering procedure for the reconstructed picture, which may be stored in the decoded picture buffer or the memory 170, and, as in the case of the decoding apparatus, when encoding the picture thereafter. It can be used as a reference picture in the prediction procedure. As described above, some or all of the in-loop filtering procedure may be omitted in some cases.
- (in-loop) filtering-related information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream, and the decoding apparatus encodes based on the filtering-related information
- the in-loop filtering procedure can be performed in the same way as the device.
- noise generated during video/video coding such as blocking artifacts and ringing artifacts
- subjective/objective visual quality can be improved.
- the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus can derive the same prediction result, improve picture coding reliability, and reduce the amount of data to be transmitted for picture coding. can be reduced
- the picture restoration procedure may be performed not only in the decoding apparatus but also in the encoding apparatus.
- a reconstructed block may be generated based on intra prediction/inter prediction for each block, and a reconstructed picture including the reconstructed blocks may be generated.
- the current picture/slice/tile group is an I picture/slice/tile group
- blocks included in the current picture/slice/tile group may be reconstructed based on only intra prediction.
- the current picture/slice/tile group is a P or B picture/slice/tile group
- blocks included in the current picture/slice/tile group may be reconstructed based on intra prediction or inter prediction.
- inter prediction may be applied to some blocks in the current picture/slice/tile group
- intra prediction may be applied to some remaining blocks.
- a color component of a picture may include a luma component and a chroma component, and the methods and embodiments proposed in the present disclosure may be applied to the luma component and the chroma component unless explicitly limited in the present disclosure.
- the coded video/image according to the present disclosure may be processed according to, for example, a coding layer and structure to be described later.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical structure for a coded image/video.
- the coded video/video exists between the video coding layer (VCL) that handles the decoding process of video/video itself and itself, the subsystem that transmits and stores the coded information, and the VCL and the subsystem, and the network adaptation It can be divided into a network abstraction layer (NAL) in charge of a function.
- VCL video coding layer
- NAL network abstraction layer
- VCL data including compressed video data is generated, or picture parameter set (PPS), sequence parameter set (SPS), video parameter set (Video Parameter Set: A supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message additionally necessary for a parameter set including information such as VPS) or an image decoding process may be generated.
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
- a NAL unit may be generated by adding header information (NAL unit header) to a raw byte sequence payload (RBSP) generated in the VCL.
- the RBSP refers to slice data, parameter sets, SEI messages, etc. generated in the VCL.
- the NAL unit header may include NAL unit type information specified according to RBSP data included in the corresponding NAL unit.
- the NAL unit may be divided into a VCL NAL unit and a Non-VCL NAL unit according to the type of RBSP generated in the VCL.
- a VCL NAL unit may mean a NAL unit including information (slice data) about an image
- the Non-VCL NAL unit is a NAL unit containing information (parameter set or SEI message) necessary for decoding an image.
- VCL NAL unit and Non-VCL NAL unit may be transmitted through a network by attaching header information according to a data standard of a subsystem.
- the NAL unit may be transformed into a data form of a predetermined standard such as H.266/VVC file format, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), Transport Stream (TS), and transmitted through various networks.
- RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
- TS Transport Stream
- the NAL unit type may be specified according to the RBSP data structure included in the corresponding NAL unit, and information on the NAL unit type may be stored and signaled in the NAL unit header.
- the NAL unit may be largely classified into a VCL NAL unit type and a Non-VCL NAL unit type depending on whether or not the NAL unit includes image information (slice data).
- the VCL NAL unit type may be classified according to properties and types of pictures included in the VCL NAL unit, and the Non-VCL NAL unit type may be classified according to the type of a parameter set.
- NAL unit type specified according to a parameter set/information type included in the Non-VCL NAL unit type is listed below.
- NAL unit type Type for NAL unit including DCI
- VPS Video Parameter Set
- NAL unit including APS
- NUT a type for a NAL unit including a picture header
- NAL unit types have syntax information for the NAL unit type, and the syntax information may be stored and signaled in a NAL unit header.
- the syntax information may be nal_unit_type, and NAL unit types may be specified using a nal_unit_type value.
- one picture may include a plurality of slices, and one slice may include a slice header and slice data.
- one picture header may be further added to a plurality of slices (a slice header and a slice data set) in one picture.
- the picture header may include information/parameters commonly applicable to the picture.
- the slice header may include information/parameters commonly applicable to the slice.
- the APS APS syntax
- PPS PPS syntax
- the SPS SPS syntax
- the VPS may include information/parameters commonly applicable to multiple layers.
- the DCI may include information/parameters related to decoding capability.
- high level syntax may include at least one of the APS syntax, PPS syntax, SPS syntax, VPS syntax, DCI syntax, picture header syntax, and slice header syntax.
- low level syntax may include, for example, slice data syntax, CTU syntax, coding unit syntax, transformation unit syntax, and the like.
- the image/video information encoded by the encoding apparatus to the decoding apparatus and signaled in the form of a bitstream includes intra-picture partitioning-related information, intra/inter prediction information, residual information, in-loop filtering information, and the like.
- the video/video information may further include general constraint information and/or information of a NAL unit header.
- the image/video information according to the present disclosure may include High Level Syntax (HLS).
- HLS High Level Syntax
- An image encoding method and/or an image decoding method may be performed based on the image/video information.
- a Decoded Picture Buffer may be conceptually composed of sub-DPBs.
- Each sub-DPB may include picture storage buffers for storing decoded pictures of one layer.
- Each picture storage buffer may contain a decoded picture marked as “used for reference” or a decoded picture held for future output.
- the DPB parameter is not allocated for each output layer set (OLS), but is allocated for each layer. Also, for each layer, up to two DPB parameters may be assigned. In this case, one of the two DPB parameters may be a DPB parameter for a case in which the corresponding layer is an output layer, and the other may be a DPB parameter for a case in which the corresponding layer is not an output layer and is used as a reference layer. When the corresponding layer is an output layer, the corresponding layer may be used as a reference layer or may be used for future output.
- the corresponding layer When the corresponding layer is not an output layer and is used as a reference layer, the corresponding layer may be used only for reference of a picture/slice/block of the output layer unless there is layer switching.
- the DPB parameter is signaled for each layer in the OLS. The signaling of the DPB parameter can simplify the conventional signaling of the DPB parameter.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a syntax structure of a VPS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- vps_all_independent_layers_flag when vps_all_independent_layers_flag is 0, vps_num_dpb_params may be signaled.
- vps_all_independent_layers_flag of a first value e.g. 0
- vps_all_independent_layers_flag of the second value e.g. 1
- vps_all_independent_layers_flag of the second value e.g. 1
- CVS may be understood as a bitstream or image/video information including a sequence of encoded pictures for a multi-layer.
- vps_num_dpb_params may indicate the number of dpb_parameters() syntax structures included in a video parameter set (VPS).
- vps_num_dpb_params may have a value of 0 to 16, and when it does not exist, the value of vps_num_dpb_params may be inferred (set) to 0.
- the one or more DPB parameters can include same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag, vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag, dpb_size_only_flag [i], dpb_max_temporal_id [i], layer_output_dpb_params_idx [i], layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx [i] and / or dpb_parameters ().
- the same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag of the first value may indicate that layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] does not exist in the VPS.
- the same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag of the second value may indicate that layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] may exist in the VPS.
- the vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag may be used to control whether max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[ ], max_num_reorder_pics[ ], and/or max_latency_increase_plus1[ ] are present in dpb_parameters() in the VPS. If vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag does not exist, its value may be inferred to be 0.
- dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] of the first value may indicate that max_num_reorder_pics[ ] and/or max_latency_increase_plus1[ ] do not exist in the i-th dpb_parameters() in the VPS.
- dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] of the second value may indicate that max_num_reorder_pics[ ] and/or max_latency_increase_plus1[ ] may exist in the i-th dpb_parameters() in the VPS.
- dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] may mean a temporal layer identifier (e.g. TemporalId) of the highest sublayer in which DPB parameters may exist in the i-th dpb_parameters() in the VPS.
- dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] may have a value within 0 to vps_max_sublayers_minus1. If vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is 0, the value of dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] may be inferred to be 0 without being signaled.
- vps_max_sublayers_minus1 When vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is greater than 0 and vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag is 1, the value of dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] may be inferred to be the same as vps_max_sublayers_minus1.
- layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] is an index to the list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS.
- the i-th layer is an output layer included in the OLS, it may be an index indicating dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th layer.
- layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] may have a value of 0 to vps_num_dpb_params - 1.
- dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th layer as the output layer may be dpb_parameters() existing in the SPS referenced by the corresponding layer.
- vps_num_dpb_params 1
- the value of layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] may be inferred to be 0.
- layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] must be such that dpb_size_only_flag[ layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ] becomes 0.
- layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] is an index to the list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS, and when the i-th layer is a non-output layer included in the OLS, an index indicating dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th layer can be layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] may have a value of 0 to vps_num_dpb_params - 1.
- dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th layer which is a non-output layer, may be dpb_parameters() existing in the SPS referenced by the corresponding layer.
- layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] may be inferred to be the same as layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ].
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure for signaling a DPB parameter according to the present disclosure.
- the dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure may include information on the DPB size, information on the maximum number of picture reorderers, and/or information on maximum latency for each CLVS of CVS.
- the Coder Layer Video Sequence (CLVS) may be understood as a bitstream or video/video information including a sequence of coded pictures belonging to the same layer.
- OLSs to which the corresponding dpb_parameters() syntax structure is applied may be specified by the VPS.
- the dpb_parameters() syntax structure may be applied to an OLS including only the lowest layer among the layers referring to the SPS. In this case, the lowest layer may be an independent layer.
- max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[ i ] + 1 may indicate the maximum required size of the DPB for each CLVS of the CVS.
- max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[ i ] may have a value of 0 to MaxDpbSize - 1.
- max_num_reorder_pics[ i ] may indicate the allowable maximum number of pictures in the CLVS that precede any picture in the CLVS in decoding order and follow in output order, for each CLVS of the CVS.
- max_num_reorder_pics[ i ] may have a value of 0 to max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[ i ]. If i is greater than 0, max_num_reorder_pics[ i ] must have a value greater than or equal to max_num_reorder_pics[ i 1 ]. If max_num_reorder_pics[ i ] does not exist, its value may be inferred to be the same as max_num_reorder_pics[ maxSubLayersMinus1 ].
- MaxLatencyPictures[ i ] may indicate the maximum number of pictures in the CLVS that precede any picture in the CLVS in output order and follow in decoding order for each CLVS of the CVS.
- MaxLatencyPictures[ i ] may be calculated as follows.
- MaxLatencyPictures[i] max_num_reorder_pics[i] + max_latency_increase_plus1[i]-1
- max_latency_increase_plus1[ i ] may have a value of 0 to 2 32 - 2 . If max_latency_increase_plus1[ i ] does not exist, its value may be inferred equal to max_latency_increase_plus1[ maxSubLayersMinus1 ].
- the DPB parameter may be used in a process of outputting or removing a decoded image from the DPB.
- a video parameter set is a parameter set used for transmission of layer information.
- the layer information includes, for example, information about an output layer set (OLS), information about a profile tier level, information about a relationship between the OLS and a hypothetical reference decoder, OLS and information about the relationship between the DPB and the like.
- OLS output layer set
- the VPS may not be essential for decoding the bitstream.
- the VPS raw byte sequence payload (RBSP) must be included in at least one access unit (AU) having a TemporalID of 0 or provided through an external means to be available for the decryption process.
- VPS NAL units having a specific value of vps_video_parameter_set_id in a coded video sequence (CVS) must have the same content.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a syntax structure of a VPS according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the syntax structure of the VPS shown in FIG. 9 includes only syntax elements related to the present disclosure, and various other syntax elements not shown in FIG. 9 may be included in the VPS.
- vps_video_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for the VPS.
- Other syntax elements may refer to the VPS using vps_video_parameter_set_id.
- the value of vps_video_parameter_set_id must be greater than 0.
- a value obtained by adding 1 to vps_max_layers_minus1 may indicate the maximum number of allowable layers in each CVS referring to the VPS.
- vps_all_independent_layers_flag may be signaled when vps_max_layers_minus1 is greater than 0.
- the vps_all_independent_layers_flag of the first value (e.g., 1) may indicate that all layers in the CVS are independently encoded without using inter-layer prediction.
- a second value (e.g., 0) of vps_all_independent_layers_flag may indicate that one or more layers in the CVS may use inter-layer prediction. If vps_all_independent_layers_flag does not exist, its value may be inferred as the first value (e.g., 1).
- vps_num_ptls_minus1 + 1 may indicate the number of profile_tier_level() syntax structures in the VPS. The value of vps_num_ptls_minus1 must be less than TotalNumOlss. TotalNumOlss may indicate the total number of OLSs specified by the VPS. When vps_max_layers_minus1 is 0, TotalNumOlss may be induced to 1. Otherwise, when each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is 1 or ols_mode_idc is 0 or 1, TotalNumOlss may be derived as vps_max_layers_minus1 + 1.
- TotalNumOlss may be derived as num_output_layer_sets_minus1 + 1.
- ols_mode_idc may be an indicator indicating a mode for deriving the total number of OLSs specified by the VPS.
- each_layer_is_an_ols_flag may indicate whether each OLS includes only one layer.
- ols_ptl_idx[ i ] is an index to the list of profile_tier_level() in the VPS, and may be an index of profile_tier_level() applied to the i-th OLS.
- ols_ptl_idx[ i ] may have a value of 0 to vps_num_ptls_minus1.
- vps_num_ptls_minus1 the value of ols_ptl_idx[ i ] may be inferred to be 0.
- NumLayersInOls[ i ] may indicate the number of layers in the i-th OLS.
- the profile_tier_level() syntax structure applied to the i-th OLS may also exist in the SPS referenced by the layer in the i-th OLS.
- the profile_tier_level() syntax structure in the VPS and the profile_tier_level() syntax structure in the SPS for the i-th OLS must be the same.
- vps_all_independent_layers_flag is 0, vps_num_dpb_params may be signaled.
- vps_num_dpb_params may indicate the number of DPB parameters (dpb_parameters()) syntax structures in the VPS. vps_num_dpb_params may have a value of 0 to 16, and when not present in the bitstream, the value may be inferred as 0.
- a dpb_parameter() syntax structure may be signaled based on vps_num_dpb_params.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] may be signaled.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is an index to the list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS, and may be an index of dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th OLS.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] may have a value of 0 to vps_num_dpb_params ⁇ 1.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is not present in the bitstream, its value may be inferred to be 0.
- an embodiment according to the present disclosure may include at least one of the following configurations.
- the configurations below may be applied individually or in combination with other configurations.
- Each of the DPB parameter syntax structures signaled in the VPS may be restricted to be associated with at least one output layer set (OLS).
- OLS output layer set
- each of the DPB parameter syntax structures signaled in the VPS may be restricted to be associated with at least one multi-layer OLS.
- the multi-layer OLS may refer to an output layer set including more than one number of layers.
- the number of DPB parameter syntax structures signaled in the VPS may be limited not to be greater than the number of output layer sets (multi-layer OLS) including more than one number of layers.
- the number of multi-layer OLSs may be derived by subtracting the number of OLSs including only one layer from the total number of OLSs.
- Each of the PTL syntax structures signaled in the VPS may be restricted to be associated with at least one output layer set (OLS).
- OLS output layer set
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of an image encoding method to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image encoding apparatus may derive DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information (S1010) and encode image/video information (S1020).
- the image/video information may include the derived DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information.
- the video encoding apparatus may perform DPB management based on the DPB related information derived in step S1010 . Also, the image encoding apparatus may process (encode) the current picture based on the DPB-related information and/or the PTL-related information. Alternatively, the image encoding apparatus may process the current OLS based on the DPB-related information and/or the PTL-related information.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of an image decoding method to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image decoding apparatus may obtain image/video information from the bitstream (S1110).
- the image/video information may include DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information.
- the image decoding apparatus may process (decode) a picture based on the acquired DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information (S1120). Alternatively, the image decoding apparatus may process the current OLS based on DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining another example of an image decoding method to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image decoding apparatus may obtain image/video information from the bitstream (S1210).
- the image/video information may include DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information.
- the image decoding apparatus may perform DPB management based on the obtained DPB-related information (S1220).
- the image decoding apparatus may decode the picture based on the DPB (S1230). For example, a block/slice in the current picture may be decoded based on inter prediction using a picture already reconstructed in the DPB as a reference picture. Also, although not shown in FIG. 12 , the image encoding apparatus may decode the current picture based on the PTL-related information obtained in operation S1210 . Alternatively, the image decoding apparatus may process the current OLS based on DPB-related information and/or PTL-related information.
- the DPB-related information and/or the PTL-related information may include at least one of the information/syntax elements described in connection with at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the DPB-related information may include information/syntax elements described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 8 .
- the PTL-related information may include information/syntax elements described with reference to FIG. 9 .
- the image/video information of the present disclosure may further include information described in the present disclosure in relation to an output layer set (OLS). Also, as described above, DPB management may be performed based on DPB-related information.
- the storage of the picture(s) in the DPB, the deletion of the picture(s) from the DPB, and/or the output of the (decoded) picture may be performed based on the DPB-related information.
- DPB management may be performed further based on the OLS described in this disclosure.
- the number of multi-layer OLS including a plurality of layers may be derived using NumLayersInOls[ i ].
- NumLayersInOls[ i ] may indicate the number of layers in the i-th OLS.
- the number of multi-layer OLSs (NumMultiLayeredOlss) may be set to 0 (initialized).
- the number of multi-layer OLSs can be derived.
- the number of multi-layer OLS derived as described above may be used in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- each DPB parameter structure signaled in the VPS may be limited to be associated with at least one OLS.
- dpb_parameters ( ) applied to the i-th OLS may be specified by ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ].
- ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] When ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] is present in the bitstream, the value may have a value of 0 to vps_num_dpb_params ⁇ 1. If ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] does not exist in the bitstream, its value may be inferred to be 0.
- dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th OLS may exist in the SPS referenced by the layer in the i-th OLS. . In this case, dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th OLS may not be signaled in the VPS.
- each of all dpb_parameters ( ) signaled by the VPS may be limited to be applied to at least one OLS. That is, each dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS may be limited to be specified (referenced) by at least one ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ]. According to this embodiment, each of dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS may be used at least once. That is, according to the present embodiment, dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS can be efficiently signaled by not signaling the unused dpb_parameters ( ).
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is an index to the list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS.
- the i-th OLS is a multi-layer OLS, it is an index of dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th OLS.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is an index to a list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS, and may indicate an index of dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th multi-layer OLS.
- each of all dpb_parameters ( ) signaled by the VPS may be limited to be applied to at least one multi-layer OLS. That is, each dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS may be limited to be referenced by at least one ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] (i is 0 to NumMultiLayeredOlss -1).
- the number of DPB parameter structures signaled in the VPS may be limited not to be greater than the number of multi-layer OLSs including more than one layer (NumMultiLayeredOlss).
- vps_num_dpb_params represents the number of DPB parameter (dpb_parameters()) syntax structures in the VPS, and vps_num_dpb_params may have a value of 0 to 16.
- an OLS including only one layer may exist, and the OLS including only one layer is not associated with the DPB parameter structure signaled in the VPS.
- a range of values of vps_num_dpb_params in the example of FIG. 9 may cause inaccurate signaling. Therefore, the range of the number of dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures must be specified by the number of multi-layer OLSs including a plurality of layers (NumMultiLayeredOlss) to perform accurate signaling.
- the number of multi-layer OLSs may be derived by subtracting the number of OLSs including only one layer (NumSingleLayerOlss) from the total number of OLSs (TotalNumOlss).
- the number of multi-layer OLSs may be derived using NumLayersInOls[i].
- each DPB parameter syntax structure signaled in the VPS may be restricted to be associated (mapped) with at least one multi-layer OLS.
- the number of DPB parameter structures signaled by the VPS i.e., vps_num_dpb_params
- vps_num_dpb_params may be limited not to be greater than the number of multi-layer OLSs.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a process of encoding a DPB parameter based on information on the number of DPB parameters according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the video encoding apparatus may encode information (e.g., vps_num_dpb_params) about the number of DPB parameters into the VPS (S1310).
- vps_num_dpb_params may indicate the number of dpb_parameters() syntax structures included in the VPS.
- the number of DPB parameters may be limited not to be greater than the number of multi-layer OLSs. Accordingly, vps_num_dpb_params may have a value of 0 to NumMultiLayeredOlss.
- the video encoding apparatus may omit encoding of vps_num_dpb_params.
- vps_num_dpb_params When encoding of vps_num_dpb_params is omitted, its value may be inferred (set) to 0.
- the video encoding apparatus may encode the DPB parameter in the VPS (S1320).
- the video encoding apparatus may encode vps_num_dpb_params dpb_parameters() syntax structures into the VPS based on the number of DPB parameters (vps_num_dpb_params) in the VPS (S1320).
- the video encoding apparatus may determine a condition for signaling the OLS-DPB mapping information (S1330).
- the OLS-DPB mapping information may correspond to the above-described ols_dpb_params_idx[i].
- the OLS-DPB mapping information may be information about mapping between one or more multi-layer OLSs and one or more DPB parameter syntax structures.
- the image encoding apparatus may determine whether a plurality of parameters in the VPS exist. For example, the video encoding apparatus may determine whether the number of DPB parameters in the VPS (vps_num_dpb_params) is greater than 1. When a plurality of DPB parameters exist in the VPS (S1330 - Yes), the video encoding apparatus may encode OLS-DPB mapping information into the VPS (S1340). The image encoding apparatus may encode ols_dpb_params_idx[i] as OLS-DPB mapping information.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is an index to the list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS, and may indicate an index of dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th multi-layer OLS.
- each of all dpb_parameters ( ) signaled by the VPS may be limited to be applied to at least one multi-layer OLS. That is, each dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS may be limited to be referenced by at least one ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] (i is 0 to NumMultiLayeredOlss -1).
- the dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure applied to the OLS including only a single layer is not encoded in the VPS, but may be encoded in the SPS referenced by the layer in the corresponding OLS.
- the video encoding apparatus may not encode the OLS-DPB mapping information to the VPS (S1350). As described above, when the OLS-DPB mapping information is not encoded, its value is inferred to be 0.
- the signaling condition of OLS-DPB mapping information it is determined whether the number of DPB parameters in the VPS is greater by one step.
- the signaling condition of the OLS-DPB mapping information is not limited thereto, and various other conditions not described in the present disclosure may be additionally determined.
- the image encoding apparatus may encode a picture based on the DPB parameter (S1360).
- the DPB parameter may be dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS referenced by ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] encoded in step S1340 or deduced in step S1350.
- the DPB parameter may be dpb_parameters ( ) in the SPS referenced by the single layer.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for describing a process of decoding a DPB parameter based on information on the number of DPB parameters according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the image decoding apparatus may obtain information (e.g., vps_num_dpb_params) about the number of DPB parameters from the VPS (S1410).
- vps_num_dpb_params may indicate the number of dpb_parameters() syntax structures included in the VPS.
- the number of DPB parameters may be limited not to be greater than the number of multi-layer OLSs. Accordingly, vps_num_dpb_params may have a value of 0 to NumMultiLayeredOlss. If vps_num_dpb_params does not exist, its value may be inferred (set) to 0.
- the image decoding apparatus may acquire a DPB parameter in the VPS (S1420).
- the image decoding apparatus may obtain vps_num_dpb_params dpb_parameters() syntax structures from the VPS based on the number of DPB parameters (vps_num_dpb_params) in the VPS (S1420).
- the image decoding apparatus may determine a condition for signaling the OLS-DPB mapping information ( S1430 ).
- the OLS-DPB mapping information may correspond to the above-described ols_dpb_params_idx[i].
- the image decoding apparatus may determine whether a plurality of parameters in the VPS exist. For example, the image decoding apparatus may determine whether the number of DPB parameters in the VPS (vps_num_dpb_params) is greater than 1. When a plurality of DPB parameters exist in the VPS (S1430-Yes), the image decoding apparatus may obtain OLS-DPB mapping information from the VPS (S1440). The image decoding apparatus may obtain ols_dpb_params_idx[i] as OLS-DPB mapping information.
- ols_dpb_params_idx[i] is an index to the list of dpb_parameters() in the VPS, and may indicate an index of dpb_parameters() applied to the i-th multi-layer OLS.
- each of all dpb_parameters ( ) signaled by the VPS may be limited to be applied to at least one multi-layer OLS. That is, each dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS may be limited to be referenced by at least one ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] (i is 0 to NumMultiLayeredOlss -1).
- the dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure applied to the OLS including only a single layer is not obtained from the VPS, but may be obtained from the SPS referenced by the layer in the corresponding OLS.
- the image decoding apparatus may not acquire OLS-DPB mapping information from the VPS (S1450).
- OLS-DPB mapping information does not exist in the bitstream, its value may be inferred to be 0.
- the signaling condition of the OLS-DPB mapping information is not limited thereto, and various other conditions not described in the present disclosure may be additionally determined.
- the image decoding apparatus may decode the picture based on the DPB parameter (S1460).
- the DPB parameter may be dpb_parameters ( ) in the VPS referenced by ols_dpb_params_idx[ i ] obtained in step S1440 or inferred in step S1450.
- the DPB parameter may be dpb_parameters ( ) in the SPS referenced by the single layer.
- steps may be omitted or other steps and order may be changed.
- steps not shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 may be added at arbitrary positions.
- each PTL syntax structure signaled in the VPS may be restricted to be associated with at least one OLS.
- ols_ptl_idx[ i ] is an index to the list of profile_tier_level() in the VPS, and may be an index of profile_tier_level() applied to the i-th OLS.
- ols_ptl_idx[ i ] may have a value of 0 to vps_num_ptls_minus1.
- vps_num_ptls_minus1 the value of ols_ptl_idx[ i ] may be inferred to be 0.
- the ols_ptl_idx may be information about mapping between one or more OLSs and one or more PTL syntax structures.
- NumLayersInOls[ i ] may indicate the number of layers in the i-th OLS.
- the profile_tier_level() syntax structure applied to the i-th OLS may also exist in the SPS referenced by the layer in the i-th OLS.
- the profile_tier_level() syntax structure in the VPS and the profile_tier_level() syntax structure in the SPS for the i-th OLS must be the same.
- each of all profile_tier_level( ) signaled in the VPS may be restricted to be applied to at least one OLS. That is, each profile_tier_level( ) in the VPS may be specified by at least one ols_ptl_idx[ i ]. According to this embodiment, each of the profile_tier_level() in the VPS is used at least once. That is, unused profile_tier_level() is not signaled. Therefore, according to this embodiment, profile_tier_level() can be effectively signaled.
- Example methods of the present disclosure are expressed as a series of operations for clarity of description, but this is not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed, and if necessary, each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order.
- other steps may be included in addition to the illustrated steps, steps may be excluded from some steps, and/or other steps may be included except for some steps.
- an image encoding apparatus or an image decoding apparatus performing a predetermined operation may perform an operation (step) of confirming a condition or situation for performing the corresponding operation (step). For example, if it is stated that a predetermined operation is performed when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the image encoding apparatus or the image decoding apparatus performs an operation to check whether the predetermined condition is satisfied and then performs the predetermined operation can
- various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- general purpose It may be implemented by a processor (general processor), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and the like.
- the image decoding apparatus and the image encoding apparatus to which the embodiments of the present disclosure are applied are real-time communication apparatuses such as a multimedia broadcasting transceiver, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video apparatus, a digital cinema video apparatus, a surveillance camera, a video conversation apparatus, and a video communication apparatus.
- mobile streaming device storage medium, camcorder, video on demand (VoD) service providing device, OTT video (Over the top video) device, internet streaming service providing device, three-dimensional (3D) video device, video telephony video device, and medical use It may be included in a video device and the like, and may be used to process a video signal or a data signal.
- the OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a digital video recorder (DVR), and the like.
- a game console a Blu-ray player
- an Internet-connected TV a home theater system
- a smart phone a tablet PC
- DVR digital video recorder
- 15 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- the content streaming system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices such as a smart phone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. into digital data to generate a bitstream and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as a smartphone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. directly generate a bitstream
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the bitstream may be generated by an image encoding method and/or an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream in a process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user device based on a user request through the web server, and the web server may serve as a medium informing the user of a service.
- the web server transmits it to a streaming server, and the streaming server may transmit multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server.
- the control server may serve to control commands/responses between devices in the content streaming system.
- the streaming server may receive content from a media repository and/or an encoding server. For example, when receiving content from the encoding server, the content may be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a predetermined time.
- Examples of the user device include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, Tablet PC (tablet PC), ultrabook (ultrabook), wearable device (e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)), digital TV, desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- PMP portable multimedia player
- PDA portable multimedia player
- slate PC slate PC
- Tablet PC Tablet PC
- ultrabook ultrabook
- wearable device e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)
- digital TV desktop
- desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributed and processed.
- the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (eg, operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.) that cause operation according to the method of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and such software or and non-transitory computer-readable media in which instructions and the like are stored and executed on a device or computer.
- software or machine-executable instructions eg, operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.
- An embodiment according to the present disclosure may be used to encode/decode an image.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 영상 복호화 장치에 의해 수행되는 영상 복호화 방법으로서, 상기 영상 복호화 방법은,VPS(Video Parameter Set) 내 하나 이상의 DPB(decoded picture buffer) 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 개수를 나타내는 제1 정보를 획득하는 단계;상기 제1 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS로부터 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들을 획득하는 단계;상기 제1 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS로부터 하나 이상의 멀티 계층(multi-layer) OLS(output layer set)들과 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들 사이의 매핑에 관한 제2 정보를 획득하는 단계;상기 제2 정보에 기반하여, 현재 OLS에 적용되는 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조를 선택하는 단계; 및상기 선택된 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조에 기반하여, 상기 현재 OLS를 처리하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 개수는 상기 하나 이상의 멀티 계층 OLS들의 개수보다 크지 않은 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 각각은 상기 하나 이상의 멀티 계층 OLS들 중 적어도 하나의 멀티 계층 OLS와 매핑되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 개수가 1 보다 큰 것에 기반하여, 상기 VPS로부터 상기 제2 정보가 획득되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 개수가 1 보다 크지 않은 것에 기반하여, 상기 제2 정보는 상기 VPS로부터 획득되지 않고, 상기 제2 정보는 0의 값으로 추론되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 OLS가 단일 계층을 포함함에 기반하여, 상기 현재 OLS에 적용되는 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조를 SPS(Sequence Parameter Set)로부터 획득하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 영상 복호화 방법은,상기 VPS 내 하나 이상의 PTL(profile tier level) 신택스 구조들의 개수를 나타내는 제3 정보를 획득하는 단계;상기 제3 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS로부터 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들을 획득하는 단계;상기 제3 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS로부터 하나 이상의 OLS들과 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들 사이의 매핑에 관한 제4 정보를 획득하는 단계; 및상기 제4 정보에 기반하여, 상기 현재 OLS에 적용되는 PTL 신택스 구조를 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들의 개수는 상기 하나 이상의 OLS들의 전체 개수보다 크지 않은 영상 복호화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들의 각각은 상기 하나 이상의 OLS들 중 적어도 하나의 OLS와 매핑되는 영상 복호화 방법.
- 영상 부호화 장치에 의해 수행되는 영상 부호화 방법으로서, 상기 영상 부호화 방법은,VPS(Video Parameter Set) 내 하나 이상의 DPB(decoded picture buffer) 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 개수를 나타내는 제1 정보를 부호화하는 단계;상기 제1 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS에 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들을 부호화하는 단계;상기 제1 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS에 하나 이상의 멀티 계층(multi-layer) OLS(output layer set)들과 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들 사이의 매핑에 관한 제2 정보를 부호화하는 단계;상기 제2 정보에 기반하여, 현재 OLS에 적용되는 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조를 선택하는 단계; 및상기 선택된 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조에 기반하여, 상기 현재 OLS를 처리하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 개수는 상기 하나 이상의 멀티 계층 OLS들의 개수보다 크지 않은 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 DPB 파라미터 신택스 구조들의 각각은 상기 하나 이상의 멀티 계층 OLS들 중 적어도 하나의 멀티 계층 OLS와 매핑되는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 영상 부호화 방법은,상기 VPS 내 하나 이상의 PTL(profile tier level) 신택스 구조들의 개수를 나타내는 제3 정보를 부호화하는 단계;상기 제3 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS에 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들을 부호화하는 단계;상기 제3 정보에 기반하여, 상기 VPS에 하나 이상의 OLS들과 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들 사이의 매핑에 관한 제4 정보를 부호화하는 단계; 및상기 제4 정보에 기반하여, 상기 현재 OLS에 적용되는 PTL 신택스 구조를 선택하는 단계를 더 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 VPS 내 상기 하나 이상의 PTL 신택스 구조들의 각각은 상기 하나 이상의 OLS들 중 적어도 하나의 OLS와 매핑되는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제10항의 영상 부호화 방법에 의해 생성된 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020227037638A KR20220162740A (ko) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-26 | Dpb 관련 정보 및 ptl 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 |
JP2022560046A JP7488360B2 (ja) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-26 | Dpb関連情報及びptl関連情報をシグナリングする画像符号化/復号化方法及び装置、並びにビットストリームを保存したコンピュータ可読記録媒体 |
US17/916,371 US20230156180A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-26 | Image encoding/decoding method and device for signaling dpb-related information and ptl-related information, and computer-readable recording medium in which bitstream is stored |
EP21780492.1A EP4131966A4 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-26 | IMAGE ENCODING/DECODING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIGNALING DPB-RELATED INFORMATION AND PTL-RELATED INFORMATION, AND COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM IN WHICH BIT STREAM IS STORED |
CN202180039725.XA CN115702567A (zh) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-26 | 用于用信号通知dpb相关信息和ptl相关信息的图像编码/解码方法和设备及存储比特流的计算机可读记录介质 |
JP2024076796A JP2024102293A (ja) | 2020-04-02 | 2024-05-09 | Dpb関連情報及びptl関連情報をシグナリングする画像符号化/復号化方法及び装置、並びにビットストリームを保存したコンピュータ可読記録媒体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202063004488P | 2020-04-02 | 2020-04-02 | |
US63/004,488 | 2020-04-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021201510A1 true WO2021201510A1 (ko) | 2021-10-07 |
Family
ID=77927546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2021/003778 WO2021201510A1 (ko) | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-26 | Dpb 관련 정보 및 ptl 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230156180A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP4131966A4 (ko) |
JP (2) | JP7488360B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20220162740A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN115702567A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2021201510A1 (ko) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20150140777A (ko) * | 2013-04-07 | 2015-12-16 | 샤프 가부시키가이샤 | 출력 계층 세트들에서의 시그널링 변경 |
KR20160136325A (ko) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-11-29 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 멀티계층 코덱들을 위한 hevc sei 메시지들의 일반적인 이용 |
KR20170023844A (ko) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-03-06 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 멀티-계층 비디오 코딩에서의 적합성 및 상호운용성 향상 |
KR20170072201A (ko) * | 2014-10-15 | 2017-06-26 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | Hrd 디스크립터 및 hevc 확장판들의 캐리지를 위한 데이터 스트림들의 버퍼 모델의 설계 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20210235124A1 (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-07-29 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Decoded picture buffer (dpb) parameter signaling for video coding |
WO2021162016A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-19 | パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカ | 符号化装置、復号装置、符号化方法、および復号方法 |
US11778215B2 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-10-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Coding output layer set data and conformance window data of high level syntax for video coding |
US11470357B2 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-10-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Systems and methods for signaling decoding capability information in video coding |
-
2021
- 2021-03-26 JP JP2022560046A patent/JP7488360B2/ja active Active
- 2021-03-26 WO PCT/KR2021/003778 patent/WO2021201510A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2021-03-26 EP EP21780492.1A patent/EP4131966A4/en active Pending
- 2021-03-26 KR KR1020227037638A patent/KR20220162740A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-03-26 US US17/916,371 patent/US20230156180A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-26 CN CN202180039725.XA patent/CN115702567A/zh active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-05-09 JP JP2024076796A patent/JP2024102293A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20150140777A (ko) * | 2013-04-07 | 2015-12-16 | 샤프 가부시키가이샤 | 출력 계층 세트들에서의 시그널링 변경 |
KR20160136325A (ko) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-11-29 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 멀티계층 코덱들을 위한 hevc sei 메시지들의 일반적인 이용 |
KR20170023844A (ko) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-03-06 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 멀티-계층 비디오 코딩에서의 적합성 및 상호운용성 향상 |
KR20170072201A (ko) * | 2014-10-15 | 2017-06-26 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | Hrd 디스크립터 및 hevc 확장판들의 캐리지를 위한 데이터 스트림들의 버퍼 모델의 설계 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
HENDRY (LGE): "[AHG9]: On DPB parameter for output layer set", 17. JVET MEETING; 20200107 - 20200117; BRUSSELS; (THE JOINT VIDEO EXPLORATION TEAM OF ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 AND ITU-T SG.16 ), 31 December 2019 (2019-12-31), XP030223127 * |
See also references of EP4131966A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230156180A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
JP2023519751A (ja) | 2023-05-12 |
EP4131966A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
CN115702567A (zh) | 2023-02-14 |
JP2024102293A (ja) | 2024-07-30 |
EP4131966A4 (en) | 2024-03-06 |
JP7488360B2 (ja) | 2024-05-21 |
KR20220162740A (ko) | 2022-12-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2021201515A1 (ko) | Hls를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021177794A1 (ko) | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021132964A1 (ko) | Nal 유닛 관련 정보 기반 영상 또는 비디오 코딩 | |
WO2021177791A1 (ko) | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021091214A1 (ko) | 크로마 양자화 파라미터 오프셋 관련 정보를 코딩하는 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020185039A1 (ko) | 레지듀얼 코딩 방법 및 장치 | |
WO2021251744A1 (ko) | Aps에 대한 식별자를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021201513A1 (ko) | Sps 내 ptl, dpb 및 hrd 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021194155A1 (ko) | 경계 강도를 결정하여 디블록킹 필터링을 수행하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021246791A1 (ko) | 영상/비디오 코딩 시스템에서 상위 레벨 신택스를 처리하는 방법 및 장치 | |
WO2022060113A1 (ko) | 미디어 파일 처리 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021201663A1 (ko) | Sps를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021137591A1 (ko) | Ols dpb 파라미터 인덱스를 포함하는 영상 정보 기반 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021040488A1 (ko) | 팔레트 모드에서의 이스케이프 이진화 기반 영상 또는 비디오 코딩 | |
WO2021091255A1 (ko) | 영상/비디오 코딩을 위한 상위 레벨 신택스 시그널링 방법 및 장치 | |
WO2021201510A1 (ko) | Dpb 관련 정보 및 ptl 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021201541A1 (ko) | Dpb 파라미터의 개수 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021201542A1 (ko) | Dpb 파라미터를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021201514A1 (ko) | Hrd 파라미터를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021201664A1 (ko) | Gdr 또는 irap 픽처에 대한 가용 슬라이스 타입 정보에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021251746A1 (ko) | 픽처 출력 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2022225369A1 (ko) | 레이어 식별자 정보를 포함하는 sei 메시지 기반의 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치, 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2023195819A1 (ko) | 적응적 슬라이스 스캔 방식에 기반한 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장하는 기록 매체 | |
WO2024053954A1 (ko) | 종속 랜덤 액세스 포인트 픽처에 기반한 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림 전송 방법 | |
WO2021251752A1 (ko) | 최대 시간 식별자에 기반하여 서브 비트스트림 추출과정을 수행하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독가능한 기록매체 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21780492 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022560046 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20227037638 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202217062022 Country of ref document: IN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021780492 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20221102 |