WO2021197397A1 - 服务执行方法、装置、系统及存储介质 - Google Patents

服务执行方法、装置、系统及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021197397A1
WO2021197397A1 PCT/CN2021/084777 CN2021084777W WO2021197397A1 WO 2021197397 A1 WO2021197397 A1 WO 2021197397A1 CN 2021084777 W CN2021084777 W CN 2021084777W WO 2021197397 A1 WO2021197397 A1 WO 2021197397A1
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Prior art keywords
service
identifier
characteristic
message
feature
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PCT/CN2021/084777
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李呈
胡瑞兆
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010443123.8A external-priority patent/CN113497758B/zh
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2022559808A priority Critical patent/JP2023519434A/ja
Priority to EP21779328.0A priority patent/EP4117241A4/en
Publication of WO2021197397A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021197397A1/zh
Priority to US17/959,005 priority patent/US20230024980A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/34—Source routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/30—Routing of multiclass traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a service execution method, device, system and storage medium.
  • Segment routing is a protocol designed based on the concept of source routing to control the forwarding of data messages in the network. SR divides the network into segments, and assigns segment identifiers to these segments or nodes in the network. By carrying sequential segment identifiers in data packets, the data packets can be transmitted through the forwarding path indicated by the segment identifiers. In the SR network, a set of orderly segment identifiers are inserted into the data message through the entry device of this segment of the routing network to explicitly specify the forwarding path of the data message. The entry device may also be called the head node. When SR is applied to the Internet Protocol Version 6 (Internet Protocol Version 6, IPv6) data plane, it is called IPv6-based segment routing (SRv6).
  • IPv6-based segment routing IPv6-based segment routing
  • the SRv6 technology solves the problem of displaying the forwarding path of the indicated message, but when the SRv6 network still needs to do some processing or provide some services according to the message.
  • a solution that generates simulated messages and carries data related to the service in the simulated messages is usually used to achieve network performance measurement, but this solution cannot be true
  • the business messages provide network services.
  • This application provides a service execution method, device, system, and storage medium, which are used to solve the problem that the SRv6 network cannot provide network services for real business messages.
  • this application provides a message processing method, which is applied to a segment routing SR network.
  • the method includes: a first network device generates a first message, the first message includes a segment routing header SRH, and the SRH includes The service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information.
  • the first network device sends a first message to the second network device.
  • the service identifier is used to make the second network device based on the first service information and the second service information.
  • the information and the first message perform at least one service.
  • the service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information, so that the second network device performs at least A service.
  • the first message is a real business message. Based on the first service information, the second service information, and the first message execution service, network services can be provided for real business.
  • the service identifier is related to at least two pieces of information corresponding to at least one service, only the service identifier needs to be included in the first message, thereby reducing the length of the first message and reducing the second network device to parse the first message. The time required for the message improves the efficiency of message forwarding or service processing.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the second service
  • the aforementioned at least one service includes the first service and the second service.
  • the second network device can perform at least two services according to the service identifier, reducing the length of the first message, and improving the efficiency of the second network device in parsing the first message And the speed of service execution.
  • the first service information includes a first feature identifier required to perform at least one service
  • the second service information includes a second feature identifier required to perform at least one service
  • the above feature identifier includes a traffic identifier or Network ID.
  • the second network device can obtain at least two characteristic identifiers according to the service identifier, reducing the length of the first packet, and improving the second network device to parse the first packet. The efficiency of the text and the speed of the execution of the service.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the first feature identifier required to perform at least one service, where the feature identifier includes a traffic identifier or a network identifier, and the at least one service includes First service.
  • the second network device can obtain at least one feature identification and one service according to the service identification, reducing the length of the first message and improving This improves the efficiency of the second network device in parsing the first message and the speed of service execution.
  • the service identifier when the first service information includes the first service and the second service information includes the second service, the service identifier includes a service indication, and the service indication is used to indicate the first service and the second service. .
  • the service indication information By carrying the service indication information in the service indication part of the service identifier, the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the efficiency of the second device in parsing the first message can be improved.
  • the above-mentioned service identifier further includes service parameters, and the service parameters are related to the first service or the second service.
  • the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the efficiency of the second device in parsing the first message can be improved.
  • the service identifier when the first service information includes a first feature identifier required to perform at least one service, and the second service information includes a second feature identifier required to perform at least one service, the service identifier includes Feature indication, the feature indication part is used to indicate that the service identification includes a first feature identification and a second feature identification.
  • the characteristic indicator By carrying the characteristic indicator in the service identifier, the type of the first characteristic identifier and the second characteristic identifier can be determined by the characteristic indicator, the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the first packet can be increased. The efficiency of the second device in parsing the SRH of the first packet.
  • At least two feature identifications are included in the service identification, such as a first feature identification and a second feature identification, and the sequence between these feature identifications corresponds to the feature indication information, which is convenient for the second network
  • the device sequentially obtains each feature identifier based on the instruction information, which improves the efficiency of acquiring the feature identifier.
  • the service identifier includes a service indication and a feature indication
  • the service The indication is used to indicate the first service
  • the characteristic indication is used to indicate that the service identifier includes the first characteristic identifier.
  • the service identifier includes a characteristic service indication
  • the characteristic service indication is used to indicate that the first service and the service identifier include the first characteristic identifier.
  • the above-mentioned service identifier further includes service parameters, and the service parameters are related to the first service.
  • the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the efficiency of the second device in parsing the first message can be improved.
  • the order of the parameter information in the service identifier corresponds to the service indication, which facilitates the second network device to obtain the parameter information of the processing service based on the service indication order, which improves the obtaining efficiency.
  • the service identifier is located in the segment identifier list of the SRH or in a type length value TLV of the SRH. Since the service identifier is in the segment identifier list, the service identifier is the segment identifier in the segment identifier list, which reduces the length of the first message. At the same time, the second network device does not need to traverse the TLV to obtain the service identifier. 2. The processing efficiency of the network device; or, because the service identifier is located in a TLV, the length of the first message is reduced, and the second network device does not need to spend more time to parse the TLV in the first message, which improves The efficiency of parsing the first message.
  • the service identifier when the service identifier is located in the segment identifier list, the service identifier is located at the first, last, or before and adjacent to the end of the segment identifier list.
  • the service identifier By carrying the service identifier in the determined position of the segment identifier list, there is no need for the second network device to obtain the position of the service identifier.
  • the service identifier can be obtained directly from the default position, which can improve processing efficiency.
  • the service identifier when the service identifier is placed in the first or last position, it will not affect the flow of forwarding according to the segment identifier list in the existing SR network, which is beneficial to the implementation of this solution.
  • Putting the service identifier before the last position helps the second network device to obtain the service identifier before the entire segment identifier list is stripped off. Improve the availability and reliability of this program.
  • the flag bit of the SRH is used to indicate that the SRH includes a service identifier.
  • the service identification is indicated by the flag bit, so that the second network device does not need to obtain the service identification from each packet when receiving each packet, but only needs to obtain the service identification under the indication of the flag bit.
  • the processing pressure of the second network device can be reduced.
  • the length of the service identifier is 128 bits.
  • the service identifier is defined by the same length as the segment identifier in the SR network, which makes the technical solution more usable.
  • the feature indication and the service indication occupy 16 bits of the 128 bits, and the 16 bits occupy the upper or lower bits of the 128 bits.
  • the indication information By carrying the indication information together and occupying the upper or lower bits of 128 bits, it is convenient for the second network device to obtain various information related to the service identifier from the upper or lower bits, which helps to improve the processing efficiency of the second network device.
  • At least one processing service includes a first service, and the first service includes one processing operation or an operation sequence composed of multiple processing operations.
  • the service type corresponding to at least one processing service includes Internet Protocol Stream Performance Measurement IPFPM, Light In-band Operation Management and Maintenance Light IOAM, security encryption, services for adding timestamps, and business function chain SFC , Forwarding and one or more of the access control list.
  • the first network device before the first network device generates the first message, the first network device receives the second message, obtains the service identifier according to the second message, and generates the first message according to the second message.
  • the SRH of the first message includes the service identifier.
  • the first network device determines the service type set and/or the feature type set according to the second message, the service type set includes the service type of each processing service in at least one service, and the feature type set The feature type of each feature identification in at least one feature identification is included.
  • the first network device obtains the service identification according to the service type set and/or the feature identification feature type set.
  • the present application provides a service execution method, which is applied to a segment routing SR network.
  • the second network device receives the first packet, and the first packet includes the segment routing header SRH. It includes a service identifier, the service identifier includes indication information, and the service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information.
  • the second network device executes at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message.
  • the service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information, so that the second network device can perform execution based on the first service information, the second service information, and the first message.
  • the first message is a real business message, and the first message is implemented based on the service identifier, so as to provide network services for the real business.
  • the service identifier includes at least two pieces of information corresponding to at least one service, only the service identifier needs to be included in the first message, thereby reducing the length of the first message and reducing the second network device to parse the first message. The time required for the message improves the efficiency of message forwarding or service processing.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the second service
  • the aforementioned at least one service includes the first service and the second service.
  • the first service information includes a first feature identifier required to perform at least one service
  • the second service information includes a second feature identifier required to perform at least one service
  • the above feature identifier includes a traffic identifier or Network ID.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the first feature identifier required to perform at least one service
  • the feature identifier includes a traffic identifier or a network identifier
  • the at least one service includes First service.
  • the service identifier includes the service indication
  • the second network device is based on the first service information and the second service.
  • the information and the first message to execute at least one service includes: the second network device determines the first service and the second service according to the service indication; the second network device executes the first service and the second service according to the first message.
  • the service identifier further includes service parameters, and the service parameters are related to the first service.
  • the method includes: the second network device further executes the first service according to the service parameters.
  • the service identifier includes Feature indication
  • the feature indication is used to indicate that the service identification includes a first feature identification and a second feature identification
  • the second network device performs at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message, including: second The network device obtains the first characteristic identifier and the second characteristic identifier according to the characteristic indication.
  • At least two feature identifications are included in the service identification, such as a first feature identification and a second feature identification, and the sequence between these feature identifications corresponds to the feature indication information, which is convenient for the second network
  • the device sequentially obtains each feature identifier based on the instruction information, which improves the efficiency of acquiring the feature identifier.
  • the service identifier includes a service indication and a feature indication
  • the service indication Used to indicate the first service
  • the feature indication is used to indicate that the service identifier includes the first feature identifier
  • the second network device performs at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message, including: a second network device
  • the first service is determined according to the service indication; the second network device determines the first characteristic identifier according to the characteristic indication; the second network device executes at least one service according to the first message and the first characteristic identifier, and the at least one service includes the first service.
  • the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the second device's resolution can be improved.
  • the efficiency of the SRH of a message By indicating the service information in the service indication part of the service identifier and the feature identifier in the characteristic indication part of the service identifier, the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the second device's resolution can be improved. The efficiency of the SRH of a message.
  • the service identifier includes a feature service indication
  • the feature service indication is used for
  • the second network device performs at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message, including: the second network device determines the first service according to the characteristic service indication A service and a first characteristic identifier; the second network device executes at least one service according to the first message and the first characteristic identifier, and the at least one service includes the first service.
  • the information carrying rate of the service identifier can be further improved, the length of the SRH of the first message can be reduced, and the efficiency of the second device in parsing the SRH of the first message can be improved .
  • the service identifier further includes a service parameter part, the service parameter part is related to the first service, and the first network device executes at least one service according to the first message and the first characteristic identifier, including: the second network The device also executes the first service according to the service parameters.
  • the way of including the parameter information in the service identifier facilitates the second network device to sequentially obtain the parameter information of the processing service based on the service indication, thereby improving the obtaining efficiency.
  • the service identifier is located in the segment identifier list of the SRH or in a type length value TLV of the SRH. Since the service identifier is in the segment identifier list, the service identifier is the segment identifier in the segment identifier list, which reduces the length of the first message. At the same time, the second network device does not need to traverse the TLV to obtain the service identifier. 2. The processing efficiency of the network device; or, because the service identifier is located in a TLV, the length of the first message is reduced, and the second network device does not need to spend more time to parse the TLV in the first message, which improves The efficiency of parsing the first message.
  • the service identifier when the service identifier is located in the segment identifier list, the service identifier is located at the first, last, or before and adjacent to the end of the segment identifier list.
  • the service identifier By carrying the service identifier in the determined position of the segment identifier list, there is no need for the second network device to obtain the position of the service identifier.
  • the service identifier can be obtained directly from the default position, which can improve processing efficiency.
  • the service identifier when the service identifier is placed in the first or last position, it will not affect the flow of forwarding according to the segment identifier list in the existing SR network, which is beneficial to the implementation of this solution.
  • Putting the service identifier before the last position helps the second network device to obtain the service identifier before the entire segment identifier list is stripped off. Improve the availability and reliability of this program.
  • the flag bit of the SRH is used to indicate that the SRH includes a service identifier, and the second network device obtains the service identifier from the SRH according to the flag bit.
  • the service identification is indicated by the flag bit, so that the second network device does not need to obtain the service identification from each packet when receiving each packet, but only needs to obtain the service identification under the indication of the flag bit.
  • the processing pressure of the second network device can be reduced.
  • the length of the service identifier is 128 bits.
  • the service identifier is defined by the same length as the segment identifier in the SR network, which makes the technical solution more usable.
  • the feature indication and the service indication occupy 16 bits of the 128 bits, and the 16 bits occupy the upper or lower bits of the 128 bits.
  • the indication information By carrying the indication information together and occupying the upper or lower bits of 128 bits, it is convenient for the second network device to obtain various information related to the service identifier from the upper or lower bits, which helps to improve the processing efficiency of the second network device.
  • At least one processing service includes a first service, and the first service includes one processing operation or an operation sequence composed of multiple processing operations.
  • the service type corresponding to at least one processing service includes Internet Protocol Stream Performance Measurement IPFPM, Light In-band Operation Management and Maintenance Light IOAM, security encryption, services for adding timestamps, and business function chain SFC , Forwarding and one or more of the access control list.
  • the present application provides a service execution device, which has the function of implementing the service execution in the first aspect or any one of the possible designs in the first aspect.
  • the device includes a unit for executing the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a service execution device, which has the function of implementing the service execution in the second aspect or any one of the possible designs in the second aspect.
  • the device includes a unit for executing the second aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect.
  • the present application provides a message processing device, the device includes: at least one processor, and the at least one processor is coupled with at least one memory.
  • the processor and the memory may be connected through a bus system.
  • the memory is configured to store one or more programs, and the processor is configured to execute one or more programs in the memory, so that the apparatus completes the first aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a service execution device, the device includes: at least one processor, and the at least one processor is coupled with at least one memory.
  • the processor and the memory may be connected through a bus system.
  • the memory is configured to store one or more programs, and the processor is configured to execute one or more programs in the memory, so that the apparatus completes the second aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium with program code stored in the computer-readable storage medium, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the first, second, and first aspects above Any possible implementation manner of or a method in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer program product containing program code, which when running on a computer, enables the computer to execute the first aspect, the second aspect, any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the second aspect Any of the possible implementations of the method.
  • this application provides a chip that includes a storage device and a processing device.
  • the storage device is used to store computer instructions
  • the processing device is used to call and run the computer instructions from the storage device to execute the first and second aspects above.
  • the second aspect any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • this application provides a network system, the network system includes a first network device and a second network device, the first network device may be the device described in the third aspect or the device described in the fifth aspect, The second network device may be the device described in the fourth aspect or the sixth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an SR network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a message processing method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a service identifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another service identifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another service identifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another service identifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a segment routing header (SRH) provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • SSH segment routing header
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another SRH provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another SRH provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a service execution apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another service execution apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another service execution apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another service execution device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • first, second, etc. are used to distinguish the same or similar items that have basically the same function and function. It should be understood that between “first”, “second” and “nth” There are no logic or timing dependencies, and no restrictions on the execution order. It should also be understood that although the following description uses the terms first, second, etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
  • the first service information may be referred to as second service information
  • the second service information may be referred to as first service information.
  • SRH Internet Protocol Version 6 (Internet Protocol Version 6, IPv6) message is composed of IPv6 standard header + extended header (0...n) + payload (Payload).
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
  • SRH extension header a new IPv6 extension header is added, called the SRH extension header.
  • the extension header specifies an IPv6 path and stores multiple IPv6 SIDs.
  • the multiple SIDs can form a segment identifier list ( Segment List).
  • the head node adds one or more SRH extension headers to the message, and the intermediate node can forward the IPv6 message according to the path information contained in the SRH extension header.
  • Service identifier an identifier added to the transmitted message by the head node in the segment routing network, used to indicate that the network device transmitting the message needs to perform some or all of the services according to the message and the part or All service-related information can include feature identifiers, service parameters, or other information needed to perform the service.
  • Feature identification including traffic identification or network identification.
  • Flow identification the identification of the flow characteristics of the transmitted packets.
  • the flow identification includes: Flow ID, Application ID, App ID, or five-tuples that can identify the flow characteristics of the message.
  • Network identification the identification of the characteristics of the network related to the transmission of the message.
  • the network identification includes the path identification Path ID, the slice identification, etc., which can be used to identify any identification of the network characteristics used to transmit the message.
  • the service identifier may include a feature indication.
  • the feature indication is used to indicate one or more feature identification information carried in the service identification, and can also be used to indicate the feature of the one or more feature identification. type.
  • the service indication may include a service indication.
  • the service indication is used to indicate one or more services, and these services may be called service types.
  • the service identifier may also include at least one service parameter corresponding to one or more service types.
  • the service identifier may include a feature service indication, which includes both the above-mentioned service indication function and the above-mentioned feature indication function. That is, when the service identifier includes a characteristic service indication, the characteristic service indication is used to indicate one or more services and one or more characteristic identifier information carried in the service identifier, and may also be used to indicate the information of the one or more characteristic identifiers. Feature type. When these service types need to carry parameter information, the service identifier may also include at least one service parameter corresponding to one or more service types.
  • Service information It can be information such as the type of service, or the parameters required by the service, or the feature identification required by the service.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an SRv6 network provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the SRv6 includes: a head node and a tail node, and at least one path can be established between the head node and the tail node.
  • the path between the head node and the tail node also includes at least one other node.
  • the other nodes between the head node and the tail node are referred to as intermediate nodes. .
  • the first path and the second path shown in Fig. 1 are the paths between the head node and the tail node.
  • the first path is located between the head node and the tail node, and the first node is also included on the second path.
  • Located between the head node and the tail node also includes a second node and a third node, and the first node, the second node and the third node are intermediate nodes.
  • the SRv6 network not only transmits a message, but also provides corresponding services for the message or its corresponding service, such as determining the network performance of the forwarding path for transmitting the message.
  • the head node can forward the message according to the first path or the second path.
  • the administrator of the SRv6 network needs to determine the network performance of the first path or the second path for forwarding the message, the administrator can generate a simulated message.
  • the simulation message carries business requirements related to the service and various related parameters. This information is used to measure the performance of the network forwarding path. But in this kind of scheme, rely on the simulation message to realize the measurement of the network performance, cannot measure the actual performance of the real service flow.
  • the relevant content can be carried in multiple TLVs of the SRH, but through this solution , Multiple related information needs to be carried in multiple TLVs, which results in devices in the network having to traverse the TLV to obtain the relevant information, and the processing efficiency is low.
  • the above-mentioned multiple pieces of information include at least 2 pieces of information.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a solution to solve the above-mentioned problems, and implement network performance measurement based on real service packets by carrying service-indicating and service-related information in the SRH of the service packets.
  • the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to other services provided by SRv6 or various other application scenarios, such as security encryption, internet protocol flow performance measurement (IPFPM), light in-band operation Management and maintenance (light operation administration and maintenance, Light IOAM), security encryption, services for adding timestamp, service function chain (SFC), forwarding or access control list (ACL), etc. are known or future-oriented Application scenarios.
  • IPFPM internet protocol flow performance measurement
  • Light IOAM light in-band operation Management and maintenance
  • SFC service function chain
  • ACL access control list
  • the head node is referred to as the first network device.
  • the first network device In order for the tail node and/or the intermediate node to perform at least one service according to the message sent by the first network device, the first network device generates a first message.
  • the first message includes an SRH, the SRH includes a service identifier, and the service identifier includes the first One service information and second service information.
  • the first network device sends the first message to the second network device (being the tail node or the intermediate node on the path) through one of the above-mentioned at least one paths.
  • the second network device receives the first message, and executes at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message.
  • the aforementioned at least one service includes one service, two services, or more services
  • the first service information includes a first feature identifier
  • the second service information includes a second feature identifier.
  • the first feature identifier and the second feature identifier can be used to perform the same service, or can be used to perform different services.
  • the aforementioned at least one service includes at least a first service
  • the first service information may be used to indicate the first service
  • the second service information includes a first feature identifier.
  • the first characteristic identifier may be an identifier required for executing the first service, or an identifier required for executing the second service.
  • the second service may be a second service determined by the intermediate node or the tail node after receiving the service identifier.
  • the above-mentioned feature identifiers include traffic identifiers or network identifiers.
  • traffic identifiers or network identifiers please refer to the description above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the SR network further includes a controller and/or network management equipment, and the controller or network management equipment is responsible for controlling or managing nodes in the SR network.
  • the controller or the network management device can configure which network traffic packets of the head node, tail node and/or intermediate node in the SR network provide services.
  • the head node device is responsible for generating the service identifier.
  • the controller or the network management device may send a first configuration policy to the head node, where the first configuration policy includes a traffic identifier, and a service type set and/or a feature type set.
  • the first configuration policy is used to instruct the head node to generate a service identifier according to the information in the service type set and/or feature type set after receiving a packet that conforms to the traffic identifier in the configuration policy.
  • the first configuration policy includes The service type set and/or feature type set are the information set to be executed or processed for the packet corresponding to the traffic identifier.
  • the first message is generated according to the service identifier and the message. Generally, the received message is used as the payload part of the first message.
  • the head node does not generate the service identifier, but obtains the service identifier issued by the controller or the network device, that is, the service identifier may be generated by the controller or the network device.
  • the service identifier may be generated by an intermediate node or tail node in the network, and then issued to the controller or network device through an announcement, or a path calculation element communication protocol (PCEP), etc. , And then publish to the head node. Or published by the intermediate node/tail node to the head node.
  • PCEP path calculation element communication protocol
  • the head node before the head node generates the service identifier, the head node further obtains a second configuration policy, and the second configuration policy includes a corresponding rule for generating the service identifier from the service type set and/or the feature type set.
  • the head node may generate the service identifier according to the rules in the second configuration policy.
  • the head node receives the second configuration policy sent by the controller or the network management device, or receives the second configuration policy sent by the intermediate node or the tail node, or generates the second configuration policy.
  • the head node when the head node generates the second configuration policy, it also sends the second configuration policy to the tail node.
  • the head node also sends the second configuration policy to the intermediate node.
  • the head node does not need to obtain the foregoing second configuration policy, but has the foregoing corresponding rule information by default.
  • the head node is configured to have the corresponding rule information mentioned above when it leaves the factory.
  • other related devices in the SR network may also obtain the above-mentioned second configuration policy, so that when these related devices receive a message including a service identifier, they can follow the above-mentioned
  • the corresponding rules parse the service identifier, and then perform functions such as the service indicated by the service identifier.
  • the detailed process of the intermediate node or the tail node processing the message according to the service identifier will be described in detail in the subsequent embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and will not be repeated here.
  • the tail node receives the second configuration policy sent by the controller or the network management device, or receives the second configuration policy sent by the intermediate node or the head node, or generates the second configuration policy.
  • the tail node when the tail node generates the second configuration policy, it also sends the second configuration policy to the head node.
  • the tail node when the tail node generates the second configuration policy, it also sends the second configuration policy to the intermediate node.
  • the intermediate node receives the second configuration policy sent by the controller or the network management device, or receives the second configuration policy sent by the head node or the tail node, or generates the second configuration policy.
  • the intermediate node also sends the second configuration policy to the head node and the tail node.
  • the intermediate node or tail node in the SR network does not need to obtain the foregoing second configuration policy, but has the foregoing corresponding rule information by default.
  • it is configured to have the corresponding rule information mentioned above when it leaves the factory.
  • the first configuration policy further includes parameter information of each of the x processing services, the at least one processing service includes the x processing services, and x is an integer greater than 0.
  • the controller or the network management device also sends a start command to the tail node, and the start command includes the service type set.
  • the start command is used to configure the tail node to be able to start the processing service corresponding to each service type in the service type set, so that when the tail node receives the first packet, it can process the first packet according to the started processing service.
  • the controller or the network management device also sends the start command to the intermediate point, and the start command is also used to configure the intermediate node to be able to start the processing service corresponding to each service type in the service type set, so that the intermediate node receives the first When sending a message, the first message can be processed according to the started processing service.
  • the traffic identifier is the quadruple information or quintuple information of the message, etc.
  • the quadruple information of the message includes the source address, destination address, source port number, and destination port number of the message.
  • the quintuple information includes the protocol type, source address, destination address, source port number, and destination port number of the message.
  • the processing service includes one processing operation or an operation sequence composed of multiple processing operations.
  • the service types in the service type set include one or more of IPFPM, Light IOAM, security encryption, service for adding timestamp, SFC, forwarding and access control list (ACL).
  • the service type set is a set that includes IPFPM, or the service type set is a set that includes IPFPM+Light IOAM, or the service type set is a set that includes IPFPM+secure encryption, or the service type set is a set that includes IPFPM The collection of +Light IOAM+SFC, etc., will not be listed here.
  • the at least one characteristic identifier includes a flow characteristic identifier and/or a network characteristic identifier
  • the characteristic type of the flow characteristic identifier includes one or more of a flow identifier (Flow ID) and an application identifier (Application identify, App ID)
  • the feature type of the feature identification includes one or more of path identification (Path ID) and slice identification.
  • the characteristic type of the flow characteristic identifier when the characteristic type of the flow characteristic identifier includes Flow ID, the characteristic type of the flow characteristic identifier further includes a sequence number (Seq Num).
  • the controller sends the first configuration strategy to the head node.
  • the first configuration strategy includes quad information, service type set, feature type set, and parameter information. .
  • the four-tuple information includes source address IP1, source port number P1, destination address IP2, and destination port number P2.
  • An abbreviated example is: (IP1, IP2, P1, P2), the service type set includes IPFPM, and the feature type set includes Path ID, this parameter information includes packet loss rate and delay.
  • the processing service corresponding to IPFPM is a performance measurement service, which is used for performance monitoring of network traffic.
  • the first configuration strategy is used to instruct the head node in the SR network to perform IPFPM and carry on it as needed after receiving the packet whose characteristics conform to the above-mentioned quadruple (IP1, IP2, P1, P2) In the way of PathID, the service identifier is generated, and the first message is generated according to the service identifier and the received message, that is, the service identifier is carried in the first message.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a message processing method, which can be used in the SR network architecture shown in Fig. 1, including:
  • the first network device generates a first message, where the first message includes an SRH, and the SRH includes a service identifier.
  • the service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the second service
  • the aforementioned at least one service includes the first service and the second service.
  • the first service information and the second service information here may indicate the first service and the second service through the service indication included in the service identifier.
  • the first service information includes a first feature identifier
  • the second service information includes a second feature identifier.
  • the first service information and the second service information here are carried in the service identifier, and at the same time, the service identifier also includes a characteristic indication, and the characteristic indication part is used to indicate the above-mentioned first characteristic identifier and the second characteristic identifier.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the first feature identifier.
  • the first service information here is indicated by the service indication included in the service identifier, and the service indication part may also indicate more services.
  • the service identifier also includes a characteristic indicator indicating the first characteristic identifier, and the characteristic indicator may also indicate more characteristic identifiers.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the first feature identifier.
  • the service identifier includes a characteristic service indication
  • the characteristic service indication may indicate both the first service and the first characteristic identifier at the same time. That is, in this case, the first service information includes the first service, and the second service information includes the first feature identifier required to perform at least one service.
  • the service identifier when the above-mentioned first and second service information includes a service (or service type), the service identifier includes a service indication part or a characteristic service indication part, and the service indication is used to indicate at least one service to be executed, as described above The first service or the second service.
  • the characteristic service indication is used to indicate at least one service to be executed for the first message, such as the first service described above.
  • the service identifier includes a feature indication part or a feature service indication part
  • the feature indication part is used to indicate that the service identifier includes a feature identifier, such as the above-mentioned first feature identifier and/ Or the second feature identification.
  • the above-mentioned feature identifiers include traffic identifiers or network identifiers.
  • traffic identifiers or network identifiers please refer to the description above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first network device generates the first message through the following operations from 2011 to 2013, and the operations from 2011 to 2013 are:
  • the first network device receives the second packet, and obtains the first configuration policy corresponding to the network traffic to which the second packet belongs.
  • the first configuration policy includes the traffic identifier of the network traffic to which the second packet belongs.
  • the traffic is identified as the quadruple information or the quintuple information in the second packet.
  • the first network device receives the second packet, obtains the flow identifier of the network traffic to which the second packet belongs from the second packet, and queries from the stored first policy configuration whether there is a second packet that includes the flow identifier. A configuration strategy. If it exists, the first configuration strategy including the traffic identifier is obtained, and the first configuration strategy corresponding to the network traffic to which the second packet belongs is obtained.
  • the first network device obtains a service identifier according to the service type set and/or feature type set included in the first configuration policy.
  • the first network device generates a service identifier according to the service type set and/or feature type set included in the first configuration policy.
  • Case 1 the service identification includes service indication; Case 2, the service identification includes feature indication and feature identification; Case 3: Service identification includes feature indication, feature identification, and service indication; Case 4 , Service identification includes characteristic service indication and characteristic identification.
  • the acquired service identifier includes the service indication, that is, the service identifier of the above case 1 is obtained.
  • the obtained indication information includes the feature indication, that is, the service identifier of the above-mentioned case 2 is obtained.
  • the acquired service identifier includes service indication, characteristic indication and characteristic identifier, or the acquired service identifier includes characteristic service indication, that is, the service of the above case 3 or case 4 is obtained.
  • Case 1 The service identifier includes a service indication.
  • the first configuration strategy includes a set of service types, and the first network device obtains the corresponding service indication from the first correspondence according to the set of service types included in the first configuration strategy, that is, the service indication corresponds to the service type set, and the service indication can be used for Indicates one or more service types, that is, the type corresponding to the above-mentioned first service or second service.
  • the first correspondence is used to store the correspondence between the service type set and the parameter information and the generation rule of the content in the corresponding service indication. That is, the foregoing second configuration strategy may include the first correspondence here.
  • the service instruction can be embodied in bitmap form or numerical form.
  • Any record in the first correspondence includes a set of service types and a rule for generating content in the service indication corresponding to the set of service types.
  • the first corresponding relationship is a schematic diagram of the corresponding relationship between rules for generating service indications based on bitmaps.
  • the first record of the corresponding relationship indicates: when the 0th bit in the service indication is set to a special value, For example, at 1 o'clock, it indicates that the IPFPM service needs to be provided.
  • the service also includes service parameters: color bit information.
  • the color bit information includes at least one of the packet loss rate and the delay.
  • the second record in the first correspondence indicates that when the first bit in the service indication is set to a special value, such as 1, it indicates that the Light IOAM service needs to be provided, and the processing service corresponding to the service type "Light IOAM" does not need Carry parameter information.
  • the bitmap may include 4 bits or more, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the value of the service indication can be: 0101, according to the left is the high bit and the right is the low bit (bit 0), the service indication is used to indicate 2 services, and the service types of the 2 service indications include IPFPM and
  • the service identifier also needs to carry service parameters, which are the color bit information corresponding to IPFPM. That is, the above parameter information is optional.
  • the value of the service indicator may be: 1001.
  • the service indicator is used to indicate that the service type corresponding to the service indicator includes IPFPM and SFC. That is, the service identifier includes indication information, the indication information indicates the first service information and the second service information, the first service information includes the first service, and the second service information includes the second service.
  • the service identifier also needs to carry a service parameter set, and the service parameter includes: color bit information corresponding to IPFPM and metadata required by the SFC service.
  • the first device When multiple parameter information needs to be carried in the service identifier, the first device carries the multiple parameters in a manner corresponding to the position order indicated by the service. See Figure 3 below and related descriptions for details, so I won’t repeat them here.
  • the first correspondence relationship is a schematic diagram of a rule correspondence relationship for generating a service indication in a numerical manner.
  • the service indication is a numerical value.
  • the difference between the first correspondence shown in Table 2 and the first correspondence shown in Table 1 is that in the first correspondence shown in Table 2
  • the service indication in each record is a numeric value.
  • the value of the service indication when the value of the service indication is 1, it is used to indicate the IPFPM service and that it also needs to carry color bit information.
  • the second service information is the IPFPM service indicated in the service instruction and the color position information it carries.
  • the service indication When the value of the service indication is 5, it is used to indicate IPFPM and Light IOAM services, and the service parameters that need to be carried include color bit information.
  • the first service information and the second service information related to the service identifier are the IPFPM and Light IOAM services indicated in the service indication, and at the same time, the service identifier also carries service parameter information.
  • the value of the service indication is 9
  • parameter information including color bit information and metadata needs to be carried in the service identifier.
  • the first service information and the second service information related to the service identifier are any two of the IPFPM, the secure encryption service, and the SFC service indicated in the service indication.
  • Service instruction rules Service type collection Parameter information 1 IPFPM Color bit information 2 Light IOAM null 3 Secure encryption null 4 SFC null 5 IPFPM+Light IOAM Color bit information 6 IPFPM+ security encryption Color bit information 7 IPFPM+SFC Color bit information 8 IPFPM+Light IOAM+SFC Color bit information and metadata 9 IPFPM+Security Encryption+SFC Color bit information and metadata 10 Light IOAM+SFC null 11 Security encryption + SFC null
  • the service identifier generated by the first network device may also include N processing service parameter information, where N is an integer greater than 0, and at least one processing service indicated by the service indication includes the N processing services .
  • the first network device further obtains the parameter information of N processing services.
  • the first configuration strategy includes the parameter information of the N processing services
  • the first network device obtaining the first configuration strategy includes Parameter information of the N processing services.
  • the first configuration policy does not include the parameter information of the processing service, for the service type set included in the first configuration policy, if the first correspondence relationship includes the service type set, there are also N processing service parameters stored in the record.
  • the first network device also obtains parameter information of the N processing services from the record.
  • the sequence between the parameter information of each processing service in the service identifier corresponds to the service indication, that is, the service indication also indicates The order between the parameter information of each processing service.
  • the service identification includes a first part and a second part.
  • the first part of the service identifier includes the above-mentioned service indication, and the second part of the service identifier carries parameter information (for example, packet loss rate and/or delay) of each of the N processing services.
  • the second part of the service identifier includes packet loss rate and/or delay information corresponding to IPFPM, and metadata required by the SFC service.
  • the multiple parameter information of the second part may be carried in a manner consistent with the order of the service indication.
  • the service instruction is 1001, where the left is the high bit and the right is the low bit (bit 0), then the first network device can follow from right (low bit) to left (high bit), or from left (high bit) to right (low bit) ), the service parameter information is carried in the second part shown in Figure 3, for example, the packet loss rate and/or delay information is carried first.
  • the content is service1, and then the metadata information is carried. In an example In, its content is service2.
  • the first network device also determines the number of bits in the service identifier occupied by each parameter, for example, the metadata is 32 bits, and the packet loss rate and/or delay information is the color bit, which occupies 2 bits, etc.
  • the information that each parameter occupies the number of bits in the service identifier may be included in the above-mentioned second configuration policy, or may be a default rule or a rule obtained by the first network device when it leaves the factory.
  • the service identifier includes a characteristic indication.
  • the first network device determines at least two feature identifiers according to the feature type set included in the first configuration policy, and the at least two feature identifiers include the first feature identifier and the second feature identifier.
  • the service identifier generated by the first network device includes the first characteristic identifier, the second characteristic identifier, and the characteristic indication acquired by the first network device. That is, when the service identifier includes the characteristic identifier, the service identifier includes the characteristic indication, and the characteristic indication is used to indicate One or more features identify the corresponding feature type.
  • the feature indication may not be included in the service identification, but other rules confirm the specific type of the feature identification.
  • the first configuration strategy includes a feature type set
  • the first network device obtains the corresponding feature indication from the second correspondence relationship according to the feature type set included in the first configuration strategy, and the second correspondence relationship is used to store the feature indication Correspondence with the generation rule of the feature type set. That is, the foregoing second configuration strategy may include the second correspondence here.
  • the feature indication can be embodied in bitmap form or numerical form.
  • Any record in the second correspondence includes a feature type set and a generation rule for content in the feature indication corresponding to the feature type set.
  • the second correspondence is a schematic diagram of a rule correspondence relationship based on a bitmap to generate a feature indication.
  • the first record indicates: when the 0th bit of the feature indicator is set to a special value, such as 1, it indicates that the feature type including Path ID needs to be carried in the first packet.
  • the second record in the second correspondence indicates that when the first bit of the feature indication is set to a special value, such as 1, it indicates that the feature type needs to be carried in the first packet, including FlowID and Seqnum.
  • the meaning of each other record in the second correspondence shown in Table 3 will not be listed one by one.
  • the bitmap may include 3 bits or more, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the value of the feature indicator can be: 011.
  • the feature indicator is used to indicate two features, and the feature identifiers corresponding to the two features include Path ID And FlowID+Seq num.
  • the service identifier also needs to carry at least one characteristic identifier corresponding to the above-mentioned characteristic indication. That is, when the value of the characteristic indication is 011, the service identifier also includes Path ID and FlowID+Seq num.
  • the characteristic indication when the form of the characteristic indication is a numerical value, the characteristic indication is a numerical value.
  • the difference between the second correspondence shown in Table 4 and the second correspondence shown in Table 3 is that in the second correspondence shown in Table 4
  • the characteristics in each record are indicated as numerical values. For example, in the first record in Table 4, if the feature indication in the first record is a value of 1, it is used to indicate the feature ID Path ID, and when the feature indication in the second record is a value of 2, it is used for Indicate the characteristic identifier Flow ID+Seq num. When the value of the characteristic indication is 4, it is used to indicate the characteristic identifier Path ID and APP ID.
  • the feature type set includes the feature type "Path ID”
  • the first network device obtains the path identifier of the selected path . If the first network device does not select a path when receiving the second message, the first network device selects a path from at least one path between the first network device and the tail node, and obtains the path identifier of the selected path.
  • the at least one characteristic identifier includes the path identifier of the selected path.
  • the first network device obtains the application identifier corresponding to the second packet according to the second packet, and the at least one feature identifier includes the application identifier.
  • the characteristic type Flow ID is included in the characteristic type set
  • the first network device obtains from the second packet the flow identifier of the network traffic to which the second packet belongs, and the flow identifier is the quintuple of the second packet Information or four-tuple information
  • the at least one characteristic identifier includes the traffic identifier.
  • the feature type set includes the feature type "Seq num”
  • the first network device obtains the sequence number of the second packet according to the second packet, and the at least one feature identifier includes the sequence number.
  • the order between each characteristic identifier in the service identifier corresponds to the characteristic indication, that is, the characteristic indication is used to indicate the order between each characteristic identifier.
  • the service identification includes a first part and a second part.
  • the first part of the service identifier is the above-mentioned characteristic indication
  • the second part of the service identifier carries the above-mentioned at least two characteristic identifiers (for example, the traffic identifier and the sequence number of the second packet).
  • the second part of the service identifier includes two feature identifiers, Path ID and FlowID+Seq num.
  • These feature identifiers can be carried in a manner consistent with the sequence of feature indications.
  • the service instruction is 011, where the left is the high bit and the right is the low bit (bit 0), then the first network device can follow from right (low bit) to left (high bit), or from left (high bit) to right (low bit) ), the feature identifier is carried in the second part shown in Figure 3, for example, Path ID is carried first.
  • the content is ID1, and then FlowID+Seq num information.
  • the content is ID2. .
  • the first network device also determines the number of bits in the service identifier occupied by each feature identifier, for example, Path ID is 20 bits, Flow ID+Seq num occupies 48 bits, and so on.
  • the information about the number of bits occupied by each feature identifier in the service identifier may be included in the above-mentioned second configuration policy, or may be a default rule or a rule obtained by the first network device when it leaves the factory.
  • the first service information is used to indicate the first service
  • the second service information includes the situation of the first feature identifier required to perform at least one service, including the following situation 3 or situation 4.
  • the service identifier includes a service indication and a feature indication.
  • the first configuration strategy includes a service type set and a feature type set.
  • the first network device determines a service identification according to the service type set and the feature type set included in the first configuration policy, and the service identification includes the service indication and the feature indication.
  • the first network device may obtain parameter information of each of the N processing services, and the service identifier generated by the first network device may include service indications and feature indications, and may also include N processing services. Parameter information, at least one processing service indicated by the service indication includes the N processing services.
  • the first network device further obtains the parameter information of N processing services.
  • the first configuration strategy includes the parameter information of the N processing services
  • the first network device obtaining the first configuration strategy includes Parameter information of the N processing services.
  • the first configuration policy does not include the parameter information of the processing service, for the service type set and feature type set included in the first configuration policy, if the second correspondence relationship includes the service type set and the feature type set, the records of the service type set and feature type set are still The parameter information of N processing services is stored, and the first network device also obtains the parameter information of the N processing services from the record.
  • the process of obtaining the parameter information of the processing service can refer to the relevant content in the first case above, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the first network device determines at least one feature identifier according to the feature type set included in the first configuration policy, and the service identifier generated by the first network device includes the at least one feature identifier in addition to the service indication and the feature indication.
  • the first network device obtains the service indication and feature indication, as well as the detailed information of related service parameters and feature identifiers. For details, please refer to the descriptions in the above case 1 and case 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the service identification includes a first part and a second part.
  • the first part includes a first sub-part and a second sub-part
  • the second part includes a third sub-part, a fourth sub-part and a fifth sub-part.
  • the first sub-part of the service identifier may be a service indication, and the second sub-part may be a feature indication.
  • the fifth subpart of the service identifier can carry parameter information of each of the N processing services, such as service1 and service2, and the third subpart can carry one or more feature identifiers, such as ID1 and ID2,
  • the service identifier further includes a fourth sub-part, and the fourth sub-part is a reserved part.
  • the feature identifier corresponds to the location indicated by the feature
  • the service parameter information corresponds to the location indicated by the service, that is, when the feature indicator occupies the lower position of the first part of the service identifier (corresponding to the second sub-part in Figure 5). ), the feature identifier occupies the low position of the second part of the service identifier (corresponding to the fifth sub-part in Figure 5).
  • the service parameter information occupies the first part of the service identifier. The lower part of the second part.
  • the service identifier includes a characteristic service indication.
  • the first configuration strategy includes a service type set and a feature type set.
  • the first network device obtains the corresponding feature service indication from the third correspondence relationship according to the service feature set and feature type set included in the first configuration policy, and the third correspondence relationship uses It saves the corresponding relationship between the characteristic service indication, the service type set, the characteristic type set and the generation rule of the parameter information.
  • Any record in the third correspondence relationship includes a correspondence relationship between a service type set, a feature type set, and the generation rule of the feature service indication.
  • the one service type set includes the service type of each of the at least one processing service
  • the one feature type set includes the feature type of each of the at least one feature identifier.
  • the characteristic service indication is used to indicate the at least one processing service and the at least one characteristic identifier.
  • the parameter information included in the record is the parameter information of the processing service.
  • the parameter information included in the one record may be represented as empty.
  • the third correspondence is a schematic diagram of a rule correspondence relationship for generating a feature service indication based on a bitmap.
  • the first record in the third correspondence indicates that: when the 0th bit in the characteristic service indication is set to a special value, such as 1, it indicates that the SR network needs to provide IPFPM services for the first packet, and it also needs to be in the first packet.
  • a message carries the characteristic identifier PathID, which can be recorded as ID1, and service parameter information: color bit information (for example, packet loss rate and/or delay), which can be recorded as service1.
  • the second record in the third correspondence indicates that: when the first in the feature service indication is set to a special value, such as 1, it indicates that the SR network needs to provide Light IOAM service for the first message, and at the same time
  • the first message carries the characteristic identifier: Flow ID+Seq num, and this service does not need to carry parameter information.
  • the meaning of each other record in the third correspondence shown in Table 5 will not be listed one by one.
  • the value of the characteristic service indication determined by the first network device is: 0011.
  • the characteristic service indication is used to indicate 2 services, and the 2 services
  • the indicated service types include IPFPM and security encryption services.
  • the service identifier also needs to carry service parameters, which are the color bit information corresponding to IPFPM (for example, packet loss rate and/or delay information) .
  • the service identifier also needs to carry Path ID and Flow ID + Seq num.
  • the characteristic service indication is a numerical value.
  • the difference between the third correspondence shown in Table 6 and the third correspondence shown in Table 5 is that in the third correspondence shown in Table 6
  • the characteristic service indication in each record is a numerical value.
  • the characteristic service indication in the first record is 1, which indicates that the SR network needs to provide IPFPM service for the first packet, and at the same time, it needs to carry the characteristic identifier in the first packet.
  • Path ID can be recorded as ID1
  • service parameter information color bit information (for example, packet loss rate and/or delay), can be recorded as service1.
  • Feature indicator Service type collection Feature type collection Parameter information 1 IPFPM Path ID Color bit information 2 Light IOAM Flow ID+Seq num null 3 Secure encryption APP ID null 4 SFC Path ID+APP ID null ... ... ... ... ...
  • the sequence between the parameter information of each processing service corresponds to the characteristic service indication, that is, the characteristic service indication is also used to indicate the sequence between the parameter information of each processing service; and,
  • the order between the characteristic types in the characteristic type set corresponds to the characteristic service indication, that is, the characteristic service indication is also used to indicate the order between the characteristic types.
  • the first network device selects the first path from the first path and the second path between the first network device and the tail node according to the PathID in the feature type set included in the first configuration policy, and obtains the path identifier of the first path Path1.
  • the first network device generates a service identifier, and the service identifier includes a characteristic service indication "0011", a path identifier Path1 of the first path, and parameter information "packet loss rate and/or delay".
  • the service identifier includes a first part and a second part.
  • the second part includes a third sub-part, a fourth sub-part, and a fifth sub-part.
  • the first part of the service identifier is the above-mentioned characteristic service indication.
  • the fifth sub-part of the service identifier carries the parameter information of each of the N processing services (for example, packet loss rate and/or delay), and the third sub-part carries the at least one characteristic identifier (for example, Path1 ), optionally, the service identifier further includes a fourth sub-part, and the fourth sub-part is a reserved part.
  • the first network device further obtains the parameter information of N processing services.
  • the first configuration strategy includes the parameter information of the N processing services
  • the first network device obtaining the first configuration strategy includes Parameter information of the N processing services.
  • the first configuration strategy does not include the parameter information of the processing service, for the service type set included in the first configuration strategy, if the third correspondence includes the service type set and the record also saves N processing service parameters Information, the first network device also obtains parameter information of the N processing services from the record.
  • the feature identifier and the parameter information of the service occupy the position in the service identifier according to the default rules.
  • the information occupies the low position of the second part of the service identifier (corresponding to the fifth sub-part in Figure 6).
  • the above-mentioned service identifier is a path segment identifier.
  • the length of the service identifier is 128 bits.
  • the above-mentioned service indication part and feature indication part may occupy 16 bits of the 128 bits in total, and the 16 bits occupy the upper or lower bits of the 128 bits. That is, the length of the first part is 16 bits, the length of the second part is 112 bits, and the first part is located in the high or low position of the service identifier.
  • the structure and composition of the service identifier are exemplarily introduced.
  • the parameter or feature identifier can be applied by one service or by multiple services. This application is not limited.
  • the first network device generates a first message, where the first message includes the SRH, and the SRH includes the service identifier.
  • the first network device may add an SRH to the second message, where the SRH includes the service identifier.
  • the SRH includes information such as a list of segment identifiers and flags (Flags).
  • the segment identifier list includes n+1 fields, and the n+1 fields are Segment List[n] to Segment List[0], and n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the service identifier is located in the list of segment identifiers.
  • the segment identifier list includes service identifiers. Since the service identifiers include at least 2 pieces of information related to one or more services, there is no need to set different TLVs in the SRH to carry information of each service type in the service type set. , And there is no need for different TLVs to carry feature identifiers corresponding to each feature type in the feature type set. This reduces the length of the first packet. After the first network device sends the first packet, the second network device that receives the first packet does not need to spend more time parsing the TLV in the first packet. Improve the efficiency of parsing the first message and executing services.
  • the service identifier is located at the first position of the segment identifier list.
  • the first position of the segment identifier list is the first field of the segment identifier list, which is the field Segment List[n], which means that the service identifier can be Carried in the field Segment List[n]. or,
  • the service identifier is located at the end of the segment identifier list, and the end of the segment identifier list is the last field of the segment identifier list, which is the field Segment List[0], that is, the service identifier It can be carried in the field Segment List[0]. or,
  • the service identifier is located before and adjacent to the end of the segment identifier list, and the position of the service identifier is the second-to-last field of the segment identifier list, that is, the position of the service identifier is The field Segment List[1], that is to say, the service identifier can be carried in the field Segment List[1].
  • the SRH includes at least one TLV
  • the service identifier may not be in the segment identifier list of the SRH, but in a TLV of the SRH.
  • the TLV includes a type field, a length field, and a value field.
  • the type field includes a TLV type used to carry a service identifier, and the value field includes a service identifier.
  • the service identifier includes the indication information used to indicate the service type set and the feature type set, only one TLV is required to include the service identifier, so there is no need to set different other TLVs in the SRH to carry each service type in the service type set, and There is no need for different other TLVs to carry feature identifiers corresponding to each feature type in the feature type set. This reduces the length of the first message, especially when the first message needs to carry information about at least two services, after the first network device sends the first message, the second network that receives the first message The device does not need to spend much time to parse the TLV in the first packet, which improves the efficiency of parsing the first packet.
  • the SRH header also carries a flag bit, and the value of the flag bit is set to a special value, such as 1, indicating that the first packet carries the above Service ID.
  • the flag bit is also used to indicate the position of the service identifier in the SRH header.
  • S202 The first network device sends a first message.
  • the first network device sends the first packet through the selected path. For example, for the example shown in FIG. 5 or 6, the first network device sends the first packet on the selected first path.
  • the first network device selects a path from the path between the first network device and the tail node, and sends the first message through the selected path.
  • the second network device receives the first message, and processes the first message according to the service identifier in the first message.
  • the second network device is a node on the selected path, including: a tail node or an intermediate node.
  • the intermediate node if the controller configures the intermediate node to process the message, or a certain service needs to be processed by the intermediate node, the intermediate node receives the first message and processes the first message according to the operation of this step. The first message is processed and the first message is sent to the tail node. If the controller is not configured with an intermediate point to process the message, or there is no service that needs to be processed by the intermediate node, the intermediate node receives the first message and can forward the first message to the tail node. The tail node receives the first message, and processes the first message according to the operation of this step.
  • the second network device may go to a determined location to obtain the service identifier.
  • the second network device after receiving the first message, obtains the service identifier according to the flag bit of the first message.
  • the second network device determines whether the first message includes the service identifier according to the flag bit of the first message, and when it is determined that the first message includes the service identifier, obtains the service identifier from the first message.
  • the second network device obtains the service identifier from the segment identifier list. For example, obtain the service identifier from the field at the first position of the segment identifier list, or obtain the service identifier from the field at the end of the segment identifier list, or determine that it is located before and with the end of the segment identifier list. Adjacent fields, from which to obtain the service ID.
  • the TLV used to carry the service identifier is parsed from the first message, and the service identifier is obtained from the value field of the TLV.
  • the second network device may determine the location of the service identifier through the above-mentioned flag bit information, or the service identifier may be carried in the default location.
  • the information included in the service identifier in the first message includes the above four cases, and the four cases are case 1, case 2, case 3, and case 4 described in S201.
  • the second network device determines at least 2 services according to the service indication, and performs the determined at least 2 services according to the first message. Services.
  • the second network device when the service identifier includes parameter information of each of the N processing services, the second network device further obtains the parameters of each processing service included in the N processing services from the service identifier in order according to the service indication Information, the first message is processed according to the at least one processing service and the parameter information of each processing service included in the N processing services.
  • the first correspondence is stored in the second network device, and the detailed implementation manner for the second network device to obtain the first correspondence is the same as the detailed implementation manner for the first network device to obtain the first correspondence, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the second network device obtains the service type set from the first correspondence, the service type set includes the service type of each service in the at least one service; each service is determined according to the service type of each service .
  • the sequence between the parameter information of each processing service in the service identification and the service type of each processing service in the service type set The order of each processing service is the same, so the parameter information of each processing service is obtained from the service identifier according to the order between the service types of the processing services in the service type set.
  • the second network device does not need at least one feature identifier when processing the first message.
  • the processing service performed by the second network device on the first message is the processing service corresponding to IPFPM
  • the header The path between the node and the tail node includes one path.
  • the second network device may not need a path identifier.
  • the second network device processes the first packet according to the processing service corresponding to IPFPM, and obtains the information of the first packet.
  • the packet loss rate and/or delay size, and then the path identifier of the path and the packet loss rate and/or delay size for sending the first packet are sent to the controller or the network management device. Therefore, when the first network device generates the first message, the service identifier in the first message may only include the service indication.
  • the second network device obtains the service indication "0011" from the service identifier, and then according to the service indication Obtain the service type set from the first correspondence shown in Table 1.
  • the service type set includes IPFPM, and determine the processing service corresponding to IPFPM; or, when the service indication is in a numerical form, the second network device obtains the value 1 from the service identifier , Obtain the service type set from the first correspondence shown in Table 2 according to the value 1, and the service type set includes IPFPM, and determine the processing service corresponding to the IPFPM.
  • the parameter information obtained from the service identifier is the color bit information, and the color bit information includes the packet loss rate and/or delay; according to the processing service corresponding to IPFPM and the service parameter "packet loss rate and/or delay", the first The message is processed to obtain the packet loss rate and/or delay size of the first message, the packet loss rate and/or delay size of sending the first message, and the path identifier for sending the path.
  • the service identifier includes at least two feature identifiers.
  • the second network device sequentially obtains at least two characteristic identifiers from the service identifiers according to the characteristic indication, and executes at least one service according to the at least two characteristic identifiers and the first message.
  • the operation for the second network device to acquire at least two feature identifiers may be: the second network device acquires a feature type set according to the feature indication, and according to the feature types of the at least two feature identifiers included in the feature type set, The at least two feature identifiers are sequentially obtained from the service identifiers.
  • the second correspondence relationship is stored in the second network device, and the manner in which the second network device obtains the second correspondence relationship is the same as the manner in which the first network device obtains the second correspondence relationship, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the second network device obtains the feature type set from the second correspondence relationship according to the feature indication.
  • the order of the feature types of each feature identifier is Sequence, identify and obtain each feature identifier from the service identifier.
  • the controller configures a feature identifier and one or more processing services corresponding to the feature identifier on the second network device.
  • the controller sends the fourth correspondence to the second network device.
  • any record in the fourth correspondence includes a feature identifier and at least one corresponding to the feature identifier.
  • the service type of each processing service in the processing service, the at least one processing service includes partial processing service existence parameter information, and the record also includes the partial processing service parameter information.
  • the second network device receives and saves the fourth correspondence.
  • the operation of the second network device to process the first packet according to the at least one characteristic identifier may be: the second network device starts from the fourth corresponding relationship according to each characteristic identifier of the at least one characteristic identifier The corresponding service type is acquired in the, the processing service corresponding to the acquired service type is determined, and the determined processing service is performed on the first message according to the at least one characteristic identifier.
  • the second network device also obtains the parameter information of the corresponding processing service from the fourth correspondence according to each characteristic identifier, the second network device also obtains the parameter information of the processing service according to the at least one characteristic identifier and the acquired parameter information of the processing service Information, perform a certain processing service on the first message.
  • the second network device obtains the feature indication from the service identifier as "010", and obtains the feature from the second correspondence shown in Table 3 according to the feature indication.
  • Type set the feature type set includes Flow ID+Seq num; or, when the feature indication is in numerical form, the second network device obtains the value 2 from the service identifier, and obtains the feature indication as the value 2, and according to the feature indication from Table 4
  • the second corresponding relationship shown obtains a feature type set, and the feature type set includes Flow ID+Seq num.
  • the characteristic type set the traffic identifier and the sequence number of the second packet with the characteristic identifier being obtained from the service identifier are obtained.
  • the service type acquired from the fourth correspondence according to the flow identifier of the second message is security encryption
  • the second network device processes the first message with the flow identifier and sequence number of the second message , And perform security encryption processing on the first message.
  • the service identifier includes at least one characteristic identifier
  • the service identifier may also include parameter information of each of the N processing services.
  • the second network device determines at least one processing service according to the service indication, acquires at least one characteristic identifier sequentially from the service identifiers according to the characteristic indication, and according to the at least one processing service and the at least one characteristic identifier, The first message is processed.
  • the second network device when the service identifier includes parameter information of each of the N processing services, the second network device further obtains the parameters of each processing service included in the N processing services from the service identifier in order according to the service indication Information, processing the first message according to the at least one feature identifier, the at least one processing service, and the parameter information of each processing service included in the N processing services.
  • the service indication included in the service identifier of the first packet acquired by the second network device is "0001" and the feature indication is "001"; According to the service indication "0001", obtain the corresponding service type set from the first correspondence as shown in Table 1.
  • the service type set includes IPFPM, determine the processing service corresponding to IPFPM, and obtain the parameter information from the service identifier for coloring Bit information, the color bit information includes the packet loss rate and/or delay; according to the feature indication "001", the corresponding feature type set is obtained from the second correspondence shown in Table 3, and the feature type set includes PathID According to PathID, the path identifier Path1 of the first path is obtained from the service identifier. or,
  • the service indication included in the service identifier of the first message obtained by the second network device is a value of 1 and the feature indication is a value of 1;
  • the service type set includes IPFPM, determine the processing service corresponding to IPFPM, and obtain the parameter information from the service identifier as color bit information, the color bit information includes packet loss rate and / Or time delay;
  • the characteristic indication "value 1” obtain the corresponding characteristic type set from the second correspondence shown in Table 4
  • the characteristic type set includes Path ID, and according to the Path ID, obtain the first from the service identifier The path identifier Path1 of a path.
  • the second network device processes the first packet according to the processing service corresponding to IPFPM, the path identifier Path1 of the first path, and the service parameter "packet loss rate and/or delay" to obtain the packet loss rate of the first packet
  • the second network device sends the packet loss rate and/or delay of the first packet and the path identifier Path1 of the first path to the controller or the network management device.
  • the service identifier further includes at least one characteristic identifier, and the service identifier may also include parameter information of each of the N processing services.
  • the second network device determines at least one processing service according to the characteristic service indication and sequentially obtains at least one characteristic identifier from the service identifiers, and according to the at least one processing service and the at least one characteristic identifier, the first message To process.
  • the second network device stores the third correspondence relationship, and the detailed implementation manner for the second network device to obtain the third correspondence relationship is the same as the detailed implementation manner for the first network device to obtain the third correspondence relationship, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the second network device obtains the corresponding service type set and characteristic type set from the third correspondence, where the service type set includes the service type of each of the at least one processing service, and the characteristic type
  • the set includes the characteristic type of each characteristic identifier in the at least one characteristic identifier; each processing service is determined according to the service type of each processing service, and each characteristic is sequentially obtained from the service identifier according to the characteristic type of each characteristic identifier Logo.
  • the sequence between the feature identifiers in the at least one feature identifier in the service identifier is the same as the sequence between the feature types of the feature identifiers in the feature type set, the order of the feature types of the feature identifiers , To identify and obtain each feature identifier from the service identifier.
  • the second network device when the service identifier includes parameter information of each of the N processing services, the second network device further obtains the parameters of each processing service included in the N processing services from the service identifier in order according to the service indication Information, processing the first message according to the at least one feature identifier, the at least one processing service, and the parameter information of each processing service included in the N processing services.
  • the second network device acquires the characteristic service indication included in the service identifier of the first message as "0001"; according to the characteristic service indication " 0001", the corresponding service type set and feature type set are obtained from the third correspondence shown in Table 5.
  • the service type set includes IPFPM, the processing service corresponding to IPFPM is determined, and the parameter information is obtained from the service identifier as coloring Bit information, the color bit information includes the packet loss rate and/or delay, the feature type set includes Path ID, and the path identifier Path1 of the first path is obtained from the service identifier according to the Path ID. or,
  • the characteristic service indication included in the service identifier of the first message acquired by the second network device is a value of 1; according to the characteristic service indication "value 1", from the third correspondence shown in Table 6
  • the service type set includes IPFPM, determine the processing service corresponding to IPFPM, and obtain the parameter information from the service identifier as color bit information, the color bit information includes packet loss rate and/or Time delay:
  • This feature type set includes Path ID, and the path identifier Path1 of the first path is obtained from the service identifier according to Path ID.
  • the second network device processes the first packet according to the processing service corresponding to IPFPM, the path identifier Path1 of the first path, and the service parameter "packet loss rate and/or delay" to obtain the packet loss rate of the first packet
  • the second network device sends the packet loss rate and/or delay of the first packet and the path identifier Path1 of the first path to the controller or the network management device.
  • the first network device generates the first message, the SRH of the first message includes a service identifier, the service identifier includes a service indication, a feature indication, and a service feature indication, or the service identifier includes a service indication and a feature indication ,
  • the feature indication is included, it also includes the feature identification.
  • the indication information can indicate the at least one processing service and / Or the at least one feature identifier, and the indication information is located in the service identifier, so that the first message does not need to include the TLV corresponding to each processing service and the TLV corresponding to each feature identifier, reducing the TLV in the first message quantity.
  • the second network device receives the first packet, it reduces the number of TLVs in the first packet or does not need to parse the TLVs in the first packet, which improves forwarding efficiency and reduces the length of the first packet. , Thereby saving network resources.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a service execution apparatus 1000, which is applied to the SR network shown in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus 1000 is deployed in the first network device described in any of the foregoing method embodiments, and includes:
  • the processing unit 1001 is configured to generate a first message, the first message includes an SRH, the SRH includes a service identifier, and the service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information;
  • the sending unit 1002 is configured to send a first message to a second network device, and the service identifier is used to instruct the second network device to perform at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the second service
  • the aforementioned at least one service includes the first service and the second service.
  • the first service information includes a first feature identifier
  • the second service information includes a second feature identifier.
  • the first service information and the second service information are carried in the service identifier, and at the same time, the service identifier also includes a feature indication part, which is used to indicate that the service identifier includes the above-mentioned first feature identifier and the second feature identifier.
  • the first service information includes the first service
  • the second service information includes the first feature identifier.
  • the service identifier includes a service indication for indicating the first service, and the service indication may also indicate more services.
  • the service identifier also carries a characteristic indication indicating the first characteristic identifier, and the characteristic indication may also indicate more characteristic identifiers.
  • the service identifier includes a characteristic service indication, and the characteristic service indication may indicate the first service and the first characteristic identifier at the same time.
  • the service identifier is located in the segment identifier list of the SRH or located in a type length value TLV of the SRH.
  • the length of the service identifier is 128 bits.
  • the service identifier is related to the first service information and the second service information. That is, the service identifier indicates at least one service and/or at least one feature identifier to be executed according to the first message.
  • the second network device is based on the first service information and the second service information. Perform at least one service with the first message.
  • the first message is a real business message, thereby providing network services for real business.
  • the service identifier indicates at least one processing service and/or at least one feature identifier to be executed for the first message
  • the length of the first message is reduced, and the amount of information required for the second network device to parse the first message is reduced. time needed.
  • the modules in the device 1000 and the other operations and/or functions described above are used to implement various steps and methods implemented by the first network device in the method embodiment.
  • the above are only examples of partial functions.
  • please refer to the above method embodiment. For the sake of brevity, I won’t repeat it here.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a service execution apparatus 1100, which is applied to the SR network shown in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus 1100 is deployed in the second network device described in any of the foregoing embodiments, and includes:
  • the receiving unit 1101 is configured to receive a first message, where the first message includes SRH, the SRH includes a service identifier, and the service identifier includes first service information and second service information;
  • the processing unit 1102 is configured to execute at least one service according to the first service information, the second service information, and the first message.
  • the receiving unit receives the first message. Since the first message includes the service identifier, the service identifier includes the first service information and the second service information, so that the processing unit can be based on the first service information and the second service information.
  • the information and the first message perform at least one service.
  • the first message is a real business message, and at least one service is executed based on the service identifier and the first message, so as to provide network services for the real business.
  • the service identifier includes at least two pieces of service information, only the service identifier needs to be included in the first message, thereby reducing the length of the first message and reducing the amount required for the second network device to parse the first message. time.
  • the modules in the device 1100 and the above-mentioned other operations and/or functions are used to implement various steps and methods implemented by the second network device in the method embodiments.
  • the above are only examples of partial functions.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of a service execution apparatus 1200.
  • the apparatus 1200 may be the first network device in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the device 1200 includes at least one processor 1201, a bus system 1202, a memory 1203, and at least one transceiver 1204.
  • the device 1200 is a device with a hardware structure, and can be used to implement the functional modules in the device 1000 described in FIG. 10.
  • the processing unit 1001 in the device 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may be implemented by the at least one processor 1201 calling codes in the memory 1203, and the sending unit 1002 in the device 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may This is achieved by the transceiver 1204.
  • processor 1201 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), network processor (NP), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , Or one or more integrated circuits used to control the execution of the program of this application.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • NP network processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the above-mentioned bus system 1202 may include a path for transferring information between the above-mentioned components.
  • the above transceiver 1204 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks.
  • the above-mentioned memory 1203 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions.
  • the type of dynamic storage device can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical disk storage, optical discs Storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can be used by Any other medium accessed by the computer, but not limited to this.
  • the memory can exist independently and is connected to the processor through a bus.
  • the memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 1203 is used to store application program codes for executing the solutions of the present application, and the processor 1201 controls the execution.
  • the processor 1201 is configured to execute the application program code stored in the memory 1203, so as to realize the functions in the method of the present patent.
  • the processor 1201 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 12.
  • the apparatus 1200 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 1201 and the processor 1207 in FIG. 12. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (for example, computer program instructions).
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of a service execution apparatus 1300.
  • the apparatus 1300 may be the first network device in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the device 1300 includes at least one processor 1301, a bus system 1302, a memory 1303, and at least one transceiver 1304.
  • the device 1300 is a device with a hardware structure, and can be used to implement the functional modules in the device 1100 described in FIG. 11.
  • the processing unit 1102 in the device 1100 shown in FIG. 11 can be implemented by the at least one processor 1301 calling codes in the memory 1303, and the receiving unit 1101 in the device 1101 shown in FIG. 11 can This is achieved by the transceiver 1304.
  • processor 1301 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), network processor (network processor, NP), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , Or one or more integrated circuits used to control the execution of the program of this application.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • NP network processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the above-mentioned bus system 1302 may include a path for transferring information between the above-mentioned components.
  • the aforementioned transceiver 1304 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks.
  • the aforementioned memory 1303 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions.
  • the type of dynamic storage device can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, optical discs Storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can be used by Any other medium accessed by the computer, but not limited to this.
  • the memory can exist independently and is connected to the processor through a bus.
  • the memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 1303 is used to store application program codes for executing the solutions of the present application, and the processor 1301 controls the execution.
  • the processor 1301 is configured to execute the application program code stored in the memory 1303, so as to realize the functions in the method of the present patent.
  • the processor 1301 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 13.
  • the apparatus 1300 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 1301 and the processor 1307 in FIG. 13. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (for example, computer program instructions).
  • the foregoing service execution apparatus (such as the first network device or the second network device) may be implemented as a virtualized device.
  • the virtualization device may be a virtual machine (English: Virtual Machine, VM) running a program for sending a message function, and the virtual machine is deployed on a hardware device (for example, a physical server).
  • a virtual machine refers to a complete computer system with complete hardware system functions that is simulated by software and runs in a completely isolated environment.
  • the first device can be implemented based on a general physical server combined with Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) technology.
  • the first device is a virtual host, a virtual router, or a virtual switch.
  • NFV Network Functions Virtualization
  • the virtualization device may be a container, and the container is an entity used to provide an isolated virtualization environment.
  • the container may be a docker container.
  • the container can be configured as the first device.
  • the first device can be created through the corresponding image.
  • proxy-container a container that provides proxy services
  • two container instances can be created for proxy-container, namely, the container instance proxy-container1, and the container instance.
  • proxy-container2 providing the container instance proxy-container1 as the first device or the first computing device, and providing the container instance proxy-container2 as the second device or the second computing device.
  • the first device or the second device can run using the kernel of the physical machine, and multiple first devices or second devices can share the operating system of the physical machine.
  • the container technology can isolate different first or second devices.
  • the containerized first device or second device can run in a virtualized environment, for example, can run in a virtual machine, and the containerized first device or second device can also run directly in a physical machine.
  • the virtualization device can be a Pod, and the Pod is Kubernetes (Kubernetes is a container orchestration engine open sourced by Google, referred to as K8s in English) as the basic unit for deploying, managing, and orchestrating containerized applications.
  • Pod can include one or more containers. Each container in the same Pod is usually deployed on the same host, so each container in the same Pod can communicate through the host, and can share the storage resources and network resources of the host.
  • Pod can be configured as the first device.
  • a container as a service can be instructed to create a Pod and provide the Pod as the first device.
  • service execution device may also be other virtualization devices, which are not listed here.
  • the foregoing service execution apparatus may also be implemented by a general-purpose processor.
  • the form of the general-purpose processor may be a chip.
  • the general-purpose processor that implements the service execution device includes a processing circuit and an input interface and an output interface that are internally connected and communicated with the processing circuit. step.
  • the general-purpose processor may further include a storage medium, and the processing circuit is configured to execute the storage steps in each of the foregoing method embodiments through the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may store instructions executed by the processing circuit, and the processing circuit is configured to execute the instructions stored in the storage medium to execute the foregoing method embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of a network system 1400.
  • the system 1400 includes the apparatus 1000 as shown in FIG. 10 and the apparatus 1100 as shown in FIG. 11; or, the system 1400 includes the apparatus 1200 as shown in FIG. 12 and the apparatus 1300 as shown in FIG.
  • the apparatus 1000 as shown in FIG. 10 or the apparatus 1200 as shown in FIG. 12 may be a first network device 1401, and the apparatus 1100 as shown in FIG. 11 or the apparatus 1300 as shown in FIG. 13 may be a second network.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种服务执行方法、装置、系统及存储介质，属于通信领域。所述方法包括：第一网络设备生成第一报文，第一报文包括SRH，SRH中包括服务标识，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关；第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一报文，服务标识用于指示第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。本申请能够解决SRv6网络中无法为真实业务报文提供网络服务的问题。

Description

服务执行方法、装置、系统及存储介质
本申请要求于2020年4月3日提交中国国家知识产权局、的申请号为202010261329.9、发明名称为“一种报文处理方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。以及，本申请要求于2020年5月22日提交中国国家知识产权局、的申请号为202010443123.8、发明名称为“服务执行方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种服务执行方法、装置、系统及存储介质。
背景技术
分段路由(segment routing，SR)是基于源路由的理念而设计的控制在网络中转发数据报文的一种协议。SR将网络划分为一个个段，为网络中的这些段或节点分配段标识，通过在数据包中携带依次排列的段标识，能够让数据包通过段标识指示的转发路径传输。在SR网络中，通过该段路由网络的入口设备往数据报文中插入一组有序的段标识来显示地指定数据报文的转发路径，该入口设备也可以被称为头节点。当SR应用于互联网协议第6版(Internet Protocol Version 6，IPv6)数据平面时，则称为基于IPv6的分段路由(SRv6)。
以上，SRv6技术解决了显示指示报文的转发路径的问题，但是当SRv6网络还需要根据报文做一些处理或提供一些服务。如分析该SRv6网络转发该报文的网络的性能时，通常采用生成模拟报文，在模拟报文中携带与该业务相关的数据的方案，来实现网络性能测量，但是这种方案无法为真实的业务报文提供网络服务。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种服务执行方法、装置、系统及存储介质，用于解决SRv6网络中无法为真实业务报文提供网络服务的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种报文处理方法，应用于分段路由SR网络，本方法包括：第一网络设备生成第一报文，第一报文包括段路由头SRH，SRH中包括服务标识，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关，第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一报文，服务标识用于使第二网络设备基于第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。
在该方法中，由于第一报文包括服务标识，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关，使得第二网络设备基于第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。第一报文为真实的业务报文，基于第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行服务，可以为真实业务提供网络服务。另外，由于服务标识与至少一个服务对应的至少2个信息相关，所以第一报文中只需要包括服务标识，从而减小第一报文的长度，减小了第二网络设备解析第一报文所需要的时间，提高了报文转发或服务处理的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务，上述至少一个服务包括第一服务和第二服务。
通过在服务标识中指示两个服务，可以使得第二网络设备至少根据该服务标识执行两个服务，减小了第一报文的长度，以及提高了第二网络设备解析第一报文的效率以及执行服务的速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识，上述特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识。
通过在一个服务标识中包括两个特征标识，可以使得第二网络设备至少根据该服务标识获得两个特征标识，减小了第一报文的长度，以及提高了第二网络设备解析第一报文的效率以及执行服务的速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，这里的特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，至少一个服务包括第一服务。
通过在一个服务标识中包括至少1个特征标识以及指示一个服务，可以使得第二网络设备至少根据该服务标识获得1个特征标识和1个服务，减小了第一报文的长度，以及提高了第二网络设备解析第一报文的效率以及执行服务的速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务的情况下，服务标识包括服务指示，该服务指示用于指示第一服务和第二服务。通过在服务标识的服务指示部分携带服务指示信息，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，提高第二设备解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，上述服务标识还包括服务参数，服务参数与第一服务或第二服务相关。通过在服务标识中携带服务参数信息，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，提高第二设备解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识的情况下，服务标识包括特征指示，该特征指示部分用于指示服务标识包括第一特征标识和第二特征标识。通过在服务标识中携带特征指示，可以通过该特征指示确定第一特征标识和第二特征标识的类型，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，并提高第二设备解析第一报文的SRH的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在服务标识中包括至少二个特征标识，如第一特征标识和第二特征标识，这些特征标识之间的顺序与该特征指示信息对应，这样便于第二网络设备基于该指示信息顺序获取各特征标识，提高了获取特征标识的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，该服务指示用于指示第一服务，特征指示用于指示服务标识包括第一特征标识。通过在服务标识的服务指示部分指示服务信息，在服务标识的特征指示部分指示特征标识，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，并提高第二设备解析第一报文的SRH的效率。或者，服务标识包括特征服务指示，该特征服务指示用于指示第一服务和服务标识包括第一特征标识。通过一个指示信息同时指示多个信息，可以更进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，并提高第二设备解析第一报文的SRH的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，上述服务标识还包括服务参数，服务参数与第一服务相关。通过在服务标识中携带服务参数信息，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，提高第二设备解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在服务标识中的参数信息的顺序与该服务指示对应，这样便于第二网络设备基于该服务指示顺序获取处理服务的参数信息，提高了获取效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，服务标识位于SRH的段标识列表中或者位于SRH的一个类型长度值TLV中。由于服务标识位于段标识列表中，这样服务标识是段标识列表中的段标识，减小了第一报文的长度，同时，不需要第二网络设备遍历TLV来获取该服务标识，提升了第二网络设备的处理效率；或者，由于服务标识位于一个TLV中，减小了第一报文的长度，第二网络设备不需要花费较多的时间来解析第一报文中的TLV，提高了解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在服务标识位于段标识列表中的情况下，服务标识位于段标识列表的首位、末位、或末位之前且与末位相邻。通过在段标识列表的确定位置携带服务标识，不需要第二网络设备再获取服务标识的位置，相反的，而是直接到默认的位置去取服务标识，可以提高处理效率。同时，当该服务标识放在首位或末位时，不会影响现有的SR网络中的根据段标识列表转发的流程，有利于本方案的实施。而将该服务标识放在末位之前，有助于第二网络设备在整个段标识列表被剥离之前，即获得该服务标识。提升本方案的可用性和可靠性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，SRH的标志位用于指示SRH包括服务标识。通过标志位的方式指示服务标识，使得第二网络设备不需要在接收到每个报文时都去该报文中获取服务标识，而仅需要在标志位的指示下获取服务标识。可以降低第二网络设备的处理压力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，服务标识的长度为128比特。通过与SR网络中的段标识一样的长度的方式定义服务标识，使得本技术方案的易用性更强。
在一种可能的实现方式中，特征指示和服务指示占128比特中的16比特，该16比特占128比特的高位或低位。通过将指示信息携带在一起，并占据128比特的高位或低位，便于第二网络设备从高位或低位开始获取服务标识相关的各类信息，有助于提升第二网络设备的处理效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少一个处理服务包括第一服务，第一服务包括一个处理操作或由多个处理操作组成的操作序列。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少一个处理服务对应的服务类型包括互联网协议流性能测量IPFPM、轻带内操作管理和维护Light IOAM、安全加密、用于添加时间戳的服务、业务功能链SFC、转发和访问控制列表中的一个或多个。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一网络设备生成第一报文之前，第一网络设备接收第二报文，根据第二报文获得该服务标识；根据第二报文生成第一报文，第一报文的SRH中包括服务标识。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一网络设备根据第二报文确定服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合，该服务类型集合包括至少一个服务中的各处理服务的服务类型，该特征类型集合包括至少一个特征标识中的各特征标识的特征类型。第一网络设备根据该服务类型集合和/或该特征标识特征类型集合，获取服务标识。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种服务执行方法，应用于分段路由SR网络，在所述方法中，第二网络设备接收第一报文，第一报文包括段路由头SRH，SRH中包括服务标识，服务标识包括指示信息，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关。第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。
在该方法中，由于第一报文包括服务标识，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关，使得第二网络设备可以基于第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。第一报文为真实的业务报文，基于服务标识对第一报文进行实现，从而为真实业务提供网络服务。另外，由于服务标识包括了至少一个服务对应的至少2个信息，所以第一报文中只需要包括服务标识，从而减小第一报文的长度，减小了第二网络设备解析第一报文所需要的时间，提高了报文转发或服务处理的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务，上述至少一个服务包括第一服务和第二服务。通过在服务标识中指示两个服务，可以使得第二网络设备至少根据该服务标识执行两个服务，减小了第一报文的长度，以及提高了第二网络设备解析第一报文的效率以及执行服务的速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识，上述特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识。通过在一个服务标识中包括两个特征标识，可以使得第二网络设备至少根据该服务标识获得两个特征标识，减小了第一报文的长度，以及提高了第二网络设备解析第一报文的效率以及执行服务的速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，这里的特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，至少一个服务包括第一服务。通过在一个服务标识中包括至少1个特征标识以及指示一个服务，可以使得第二网络设备至少根据该服务标识获得1个特征标识和1个服务，减小了第一报文的长度，以及提高了第二网络设备解析第一报文的效率以及执行服务的速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务的情况下，服务标识包括服务指示，第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：第二网络设备根据服务指示确定第一服务和第二服务；第二网络设备根据第一报文执行第一服务和第二服务。通过在服务标识的服务指示部分携带服务指示信息，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，提高第二设备解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，服务标识还包括服务参数，服务参数与第一服务相关，该方法包括：第二网络设备还根据服务参数执行第一服务。通过在服务标识中携带服务参数信息，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，提高第二设备解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识的情况下，服务标识包括特征指示，该特征指示用于指示服务标识包括第一特征标识和第二特征标识，第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：第二网络设备根据特征指示获取第一特征标识和第二特征标识。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在服务标识中包括至少二个特征标识，如第一特征标识和第二特征标识，这些特征标识之间的顺序与该特征指示信息对应，这样便于第二网络设备基于该指示信息顺序获取各特征标识，提高了获取特征标识的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，服务指示用于指示第一服务，特征指示用于指示服务标识包括第一特征标识，第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：第二网络设备根据服务指示确定第一服务；第二网络设备根据特征指示确定第一特征标识；第二网络设备根据第一报文和第一特征标识执行至少一个服务，至少一个服务包括第一服务。通过在服务标识的服务指示部分指示服务信息，在服务标识的特征指示部分指示特征标识，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，并提高第二设备解析第一报文的SRH的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，服务标识包括特征服务指示，特征服务指示用于指示第一服务和服务标识包括第一特征标识，第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：第二网络设备根据特征服务指示确定第一服务和第一特征标识；第二网络设备根据第一报文和第一特征标识执行至少一个服务，至少一个服务包括第一服务。通过在服务标识的特征服务指示部分指示服务信息和特征标识，可以进一步提高服务标识的信息携带率，减少第一报文的SRH的长度，并提高第二设备解析第一报文的SRH的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，服务标识还包括服务参数部分，服务参数部分与第一服务相关，第一网络设备根据第一报文和第一特征标识执行至少一个服务，包括：第二网络设备还根据服务参数执行第一服务。在服务标识中包括参数信息的方式，这样便于第二网络设备基于该服务指示顺序获取处理服务的参数信息，提高了获取效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，服务标识位于SRH的段标识列表中或者位于SRH的一个类型长度值TLV中。由于服务标识位于段标识列表中，这样服务标识是段标识列表中的段标识，减小了第一报文的长度，同时，不需要第二网络设备遍历TLV来获取该服务标识，提升了第二网络设备的处理效率；或者，由于服务标识位于一个TLV中，减小了第一报文的长度，第二网络设备不需要花费较多的时间来解析第一报文中的TLV，提高了解析第一报文的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在服务标识位于段标识列表中的情况下，服务标识位于段标识列表的首位、末位、或末位之前且与末位相邻。通过在段标识列表的确定位置携带服务标识，不需要第二网络设备再获取服务标识的位置，相反的，而是直接到默认的位置去取服务标识，可以提高处理效率。同时，当该服务标识放在首位或末位时，不会影响现有的SR网络中的根据段标识列表转发的流程，有利于本方案的实施。而将该服务标识放在末位之前，有助于第二网络设备在整个段标识列表被剥离之前，即获得该服务标识。提升本方案的可用性和可靠性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，SRH的标志位用于指示SRH包括服务标识，第二网络设备根据该标志位从SRH中获取服务标识。通过标志位的方式指示服务标识，使得第二网络设备不需要在接收到每个报文时都去该报文中获取服务标识，而仅需要在标志位的指示下获取服务标识。可以降低第二网络设备的处理压力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，服务标识的长度为128比特。通过与SR网络中的段标识一样的长度的方式定义服务标识，使得本技术方案的易用性更强。
在一种可能的实现方式中，特征指示和服务指示占128比特中的16比特，该16比特占128比特的高位或低位。通过将指示信息携带在一起，并占据128比特的高位或低位，便于第二网络设备从高位或低位开始获取服务标识相关的各类信息，有助于提升第二网络设备的处理效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少一个处理服务包括第一服务，第一服务包括一个处理操作或由多个处理操作组成的操作序列。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少一个处理服务对应的服务类型包括互联网协议流性能测量IPFPM、轻带内操作管理和维护Light IOAM、安全加密、用于添加时间戳的服务、业务功能链SFC、转发和访问控制列表中的一个或多个。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种服务执行装置，该装置具有实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中的服务执行的功能。具体地，所述装置包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可能实现方式的方法的单元。第三方面提供的装置的具体细节可参见上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可选方式，此处不再赘述。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种服务执行装置，该装置具有实现上述第二方面或第二方面任一种可能的设计中的服务执行的功能。具体地，所述装置包括用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能实现方式的方法的单元。第四方面提供的装置的具体细节可参见上述第二方面或第二方面任一种可选方式，此处不再赘述。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种报文处理装置，所述装置包括：至少一个处理器，至少一个处理器与至少一个存储器耦合。其中，所述处理器、所述存储器之间可以通过总线系统相连。所述存储器用于存储一个或多个程序，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的一个或多个程序，使得所述装置完成第一方面或第一方面的任意可能实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种服务执行装置，所述装置包括：至少一个处理器，至少一个处理器与至少一个存储器耦合。其中，所述处理器、所述存储器之间可以通过总线系统相连。所述存储器用于存储一个或多个程序，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的一个或多个程序，使得所述装置完成第二方面或第二方面的任意可能实现方式中的方法。
第七方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有程序代码，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面、第二方面、第一方面的任意可能实现方式或第二方面的任意可能实现方式中的方法。
第八方面，本申请提供了一种包含程序代码的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面、第二方面、第一方面的任意可能实现方式或第二方面的任意可能实现方式中的方法。
第九方面，本申请提供了一种芯片，包括存储器件和处理器件，存储器件用于存储计算机指令，处理器件用于从存储器件中调用并运行该计算机指令，以执行上述第一方面、第二方面、第一方面任意可能的实现方式或第二方面任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第十方面，本申请提供了一种网络系统，所述网络系统包括第一网络设备和第二网络设备，第一网络设备可以为第三方面所述的装置或第五方面所述的装置，第二网络设备可以为 第四方面或第六方面所述的装置。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种SR网络架构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种报文处理方法流程图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种服务标识的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种服务标识的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种服务标识的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种服务标识的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种段路由头(segment routing header，SRH)的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种SRH的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种SRH的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种服务执行装置结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种服务执行装置结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种服务执行装置结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种服务执行装置结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种网络系统结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
本申请中术语“第一”“第二”等字样用于对作用和功能基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分，应理解，“第一”、“第二”、“第n”之间不具有逻辑或时序上的依赖关系，也不对执行顺序进行限定。还应理解，尽管以下描述使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种元素，但这些元素不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一元素与另一元素区别分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例的范围的情况下，第一服务信息可以被称为第二服务信息，并且类似地，第二服务信息可以被称为第一服务信息。
以下，对本申请涉及的术语进行解释：
SRH：互联网协议第6版(internet protocol version 6，IPv6)报文是由IPv6标准头+扩展头(0...n)+负荷(Payload)组成。为了基于IPv6转发平面实现SRv6，新增加一种IPv6扩展头，称作SRH扩展头，该扩展头指定一个IPv6的路径，存储的是IPv6的多个SID，该多个SID可以组成段标识列表(Segment List)中。头节点在报文增加一个或多个SRH扩展头，中间节点就可以按照SRH扩展头里包含的路径信息转发该IPv6报文。
服务标识：由段路由网络中的头节点添加到传输的报文中的一个标识，用于指示传输该报文的网络设备需要根据该报文执行的部分或全部服务以及与需要执行的部分或全部服务相关的信息，可以包括特征标识、服务参数或其他执行服务需要的信息。
特征标识：包括流量标识或网络标识。
流量标识：传输的报文的流量特征的标识，流量标识包括：流标识Flow ID、应用标识 App ID或五元组等能标识报文流量特征的任意标识。
网络标识：传输报文相关的网络的特征的标识，网络标识包括路径标识Path ID、切片标识等，可用于标识用于传输该报文的网络特征的任意标识。
特征指示：服务标识中可以包括特征指示，在包括特征指示时，该特征指示用于指示服务标识中携带的一个或多个特征标识信息，还可以用于指示该一个或多个特征标识的特征类型。
服务指示：服务标识中可以包括服务指示，在包括服务指示时，该服务指示用于指示一个或多个服务，这些服务可以称为服务类型。当该服务类型还需要携带参数信息时，该服务标识中还可以包括与一个或多个服务类型对应的至少一个服务参数。
特征服务指示：服务标识中可以包括特征服务指示，特征服务指示既包括上述服务指示的功能，也包括上述特征指示的功能。即在服务标识包括特征服务指示时，该特征服务指示用于指示一个或多个服务以及指示服务标识中携带的一个或多个特征标识信息，还可以用于指示该一个或多个特征标识的特征类型。当这些服务类型还需要携带参数信息时，该服务标识中还可以包括与一个或多个服务类型对应的至少一个服务参数。
服务信息：可以是服务的类型、或服务需要的参数、或服务需要的特征标识等信息。
以下，示例性介绍本申请的应用场景。参见图1，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种SRv6网络的示意图。
该SRv6中包括：头节点和尾节点，头节点和尾节点之间可以建立至少一条路径。
对于头节点与尾节点之间的任一条路径，在该路径上位于头节点和尾节点之间还包括至少一个其他节点，为了便于说明称位于头节点和尾节点之间的其他节点为中间节点。
例如，如图1所示的第一路径和第二路径是头节点和尾节点之间的路径，在第一路径上位于头节点和尾节点之间还包括第一节点，在第二路径上位于头节点和尾节点之间还包括第二节点和第三节点，第一节点、第二节点和第三节点为中间节点。
在相关技术中，SRv6网络不仅仅会传输报文，还会为该报文或其对应的业务提供相应的服务，如，确定传输该报文的转发路径的网络性能等。头节点可以按照第一路径或第二路径转发报文，当该SRv6网络的管理人员需要确定转发该报文的第一路径或第二路径的网络性能时，管理人员可以生成一个模拟报文，在该模拟报文中携带与该服务相关的业务需求以及各种相关的参数。通过这些信息实现对该网络转发路径的性能测量。但是在这种方案中，依靠模拟报文来实现对网络性能的测量，无法测量真实业务流量的实际性能。更进一步的，在相关技术中，当同一个服务需要多个信息，或者当需要为同一个报文提供多个服务时，可以通过在SRH的多个TLV中携带相关内容，但是通过这种方案，需要在多个TLV中携带相关多个信息，导致网络中的设备需要遍历TLV才能获取到相关信息，处理效率低。上述多个信息包括至少2个信息。
本申请实施例提供了一种解决上述问题的方案，通过在业务报文的SRH中携带指示服务以及服务相关的信息的方式，实现基于真实的业务报文的网络性能测量。
同时，本申请实施例提供的技术方案，还可以应用于SRv6提供其他服务或其他的多种应用场景，如安全加密、互联网协议流性能测量(internet protocol flow performance measurement，IPFPM)、轻带内操作管理和维护(light operation administration and maintenance， Light IOAM)、安全加密、用于添加时间戳的服务、业务功能链(service function chain，SFC)、转发或访问控制列表(ACL)等已知或面向未来的应用场景。
在本申请实施例中，称头节点为第一网络设备。为了使尾节点和/或中间节点根据第一网络设备发送的报文执行至少一个服务，第一网络设备生成第一报文，第一报文包括SRH，该SRH包括服务标识，服务标识包括第一服务信息和第二服务信息。
第一网络设备通过上述至少一条路径中的一条路径向第二网络设备(为尾节点或为该条路径上的中间节点)发送第一报文。第二网络设备接收第一报文，根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。
可选的，上述至少一个服务包括一个服务或二个服务，或更多的服务，第一服务信息包括第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括第二特征标识。第一特征标识和第二特征标识可以用于执行同一个服务，也可以用于执行不同的服务。
可选的，上述至少一个服务至少包括第一服务，第一服务信息可用于指示第一服务，第二服务信息包括第一特征标识。其中，第一特征标识可以为用于执行第一服务所需的标识，也可以为执行第二服务所需的标识。第二服务可以为中间节点或尾节点在接收到服务标识后确定的第二服务。
上述特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，关于流量标识或网络标识的解释，请见上方描述，在此不再赘述。
其中，第一网络设备生成第一报文的详细实现过程，以及第二网络设备对第一报文进行处理的详细实现过程，将在后续图2所示的实施例中进行详细说明。
可选的，参见图1，该SR网络还包括控制器和/或网管设备，控制器或网管设备负责控制或管理该SR网络中的节点。
可选的，控制器或网管设备可以配置SR网络中的头节点、尾节点和/或中间节点对哪些网络流量的报文提供服务。
可选的，头节点设备负责生成服务标识。
在一个示例中，控制器或网管设备可以向头节点发送第一配置策略，该第一配置策略包括流量标识，以及服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合。该第一配置策略用于指示头节点在接收到符合配置策略中的流量标识的报文后，按照服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合中的信息，生成服务标识，第一配置策略中包括的服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合为该流量标识对应的报文待被执行或待被处理的信息集合。根据服务标识和该报文生成第一报文，通常，将该接收到的报文作为第一报文的载荷(payload)部分。头节点生成第一报文的详细过程将在后续图2所示的实施例进行详细说明，在此不再赘述。
可选的，头节点并不生成服务标识，而是获得由控制器或网络设备下发的服务标识，即，该服务标识可以是由控制器或网络设备生成的。
可选的，该服务标识可以是由该网络中的中间节点或尾节点生成后，通过通告、或是路径计算单元通信协议(path computation element communication protocol，PCEP)等形式发布给控制器或网络设备，再发布给头节点。或者由中间节点/尾节点发布给头节点。
可选的，在头节点生成服务标识前，头节点还获取第二配置策略，该第二配置策略包括服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合生成服务标识的对应规则。头节点可以根据该第二配置策略 中的规则生成服务标识。
可选的，头节点接收控制器或网管设备发送的第二配置策略，或者，接收中间节点或尾节点发送的第二配置策略，或者，生成第二配置策略。
可选的，头节点在生成第二配置策略的情况下，还向尾节点发送第二配置策略。
可选的，头节点在生成第二配置策略的情况下，还向中间节点发送第二配置策略。
可选的，头节点不需要获取上述第二配置策略，而是默认即具备上述对应的规则信息。如，在出厂时即被配置为具备上述对应的规则信息。
可选的，对于该SR网络中的其他相关设备，如中间节点和/或尾节点也可以获取上述第二配置策略，使得这些相关设备在接收到包括服务标识的报文的时候，可以根据上述对应的规则去解析服务标识，进而执行服务标识指示的服务等功能。其中，中间节点或尾节点根据服务标识处理报文的详细过程将在后续图2所示的实施例进行详细说明，此处不再赘述。
可选的，尾节点接收控制器或网管设备发送的第二配置策略，或者，接收中间节点或头节点发送的第二配置策略，或者，生成第二配置策略。
可选的，尾节点在生成第二配置策略的情况下，还向头节点发送第二配置策略。
可选的，尾节点在生成第二配置策略的情况下，还向中间节点发送第二配置策略。
可选的，中间节点接收控制器或网管设备发送的第二配置策略，或者，接收头节点或尾节点发送的第二配置策略，或者，生成第二配置策略。
可选的，中间节点在生成第二配置策略的情况下，还向头节点和尾节点发送第二配置策略。
可选的，SR网络中的中间节点或尾节点不需要获取上述第二配置策略，而是默认即具备上述对应的规则信息。如，在出厂时即被配置为具备上述对应的规则信息。
可选的，第一配置策略还包括x个处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息，该至少一个处理服务包括该x个处理服务，x为大于0的整数。
可选的，控制器或网管设备还向尾节点发送启动命令，该启动命令包括该服务类型集合。该启动命令用于配置尾节点能够启动该服务类型集合中的各服务类型对应的处理服务，以便尾节点在接收第一报文时，能够根据该启动的处理服务处理第一报文。
可选的，控制器或网管设备还向中间点发送该启动命令，该启动命令还用于配置中间节点能够启动该服务类型集合中的各服务类型对应的处理服务，以便中间节点在接收第一报文时，能够根据该启动的处理服务处理第一报文。
可选的，该流量标识为报文的四元组信息或五元组信息等，报文的四元组信息包括报文的源地址、目的地址、源端口号和目的端口号，报文的五元组信息包括报文的协议类型、源地址、目的地址、源端口号和目的端口号。
可选的，对于该至少一个处理服务中的任一个处理服务，该处理服务包括一个处理操作或由多个处理操作组成的操作序列。
可选的，服务类型集合中的服务类型包括IPFPM、Light IOAM、安全加密、用于添加时间戳的服务、SFC、转发和访问控制列表(access control list，ACL)中的一个或多个。例如，该服务类型集合为包括IPFPM的集合，或者，该服务类型集合为包括IPFPM+Light IOAM的集合，或者，该服务类型集合为包括IPFPM+安全加密的集合，或者，该服务类型集合为包括IPFPM+Light IOAM+SFC的集合等，在此不再一一列举。
可选的，至少一个特征标识包括流量特征标识和/或网络特征标识，流量特征标识的特征类型包括流量标识(Flow ID)和应用标识(Application identify，App ID)中的一个或多个，网络特征标识的特征类型包括路径标识(Path ID)和切片标识等中的一个或多个。
可选的，在流量特征标识的特征类型包括Flow ID的情况下，该流量特征标识的特征类型还包括序列号(sequence number，Seq Num)。
接下来结合示例来对第一配置策略进行举例说明，参见图1，假设控制器向头节点发送第一配置策略，第一配置策略包括四元组信息、服务类型集合、特征类型集合和参数信息。该四元组信息包括源地址IP1、源端口号P1、目的地址IP2和目的端口号P2，简写示例为：(IP1,IP2,P1,P2)，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，该特征类型集合包括Path ID，该参数信息包括丢包率和时延。其中，IPFPM对应的处理服务为性能测量服务，该性能测量服务用于进行网络流量的性能监控。该第一配置策略用于指示该SR网络中的头节点，在接收到报文特征符合上述四元组(IP1,IP2,P1,P2)的报文后，则按照需要对其执行IPFPM和携带PathID的方式，生成服务标识，并根据该服务标识和接收到的报文生成第一报文，即：将该服务标识携带在第一报文中。
关于第二配置策略的示例，详见下方图2中的表1，表2，表3，或表4以及相关描述，在此不再赘述。
参见图2，本申请实施例提供了一种报文处理方法，该方法可以用于图1所示的SR网络架构，包括：
S201：第一网络设备生成第一报文，第一报文包括SRH，该SRH中包括服务标识。
其中，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务，上述至少一个服务包括第一服务和第二服务。这里的第一服务信息和第二服务信息可以通过服务标识包括的服务指示来指示第一服务和第二服务。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括第二特征标识。这里的第一服务信息和第二服务信息携带在服务标识中，同时，该服务标识还包括特征指示，特征指示部分用于指示上述第一特征标识和第二特征标识。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第一特征标识。这里的第一服务信息通过服务标识包括的服务指示来进行指示，该服务指示部分还可以指示更多的服务。服务标识还包括指示第一特征标识的特征指示，该特征指示同样也可以指示更多的特征标识。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第一特征标识。服务标识中包括特征服务指示，该特征服务指示可以同时既指示第一服务也指示第一特征标识。即，在这种情况下，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识。
即：当上述第一、第二服务信息包括服务(或服务类型)时，该服务标识包括服务指示部分或特征服务指示部分，该服务指示用于指示待被执行的至少一个服务，如上所述的第一服务或第二服务。该特征服务指示用于指示第一报文待被执行的至少一个服务，如上所述的第一服务。
当上述第一、第二服务信息包括特征标识时，该服务标识包括特征指示部分或特征服务 指示部分，该特征指示部分用于指示该服务标识中包括特征标识，如上述第一特征标识和/或第二特征标识。
上述特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，关于流量标识或网络标识的解释，请见上方描述，在此不再赘述。
可选的，在本步骤中，第一网络设备通过如下2011至2013的操作来生成第一报文，该2011至2013的操作分别为：
S2011：第一网络设备接收第二报文，获取与第二报文属于的网络流量相对应的第一配置策略。
其中，第一配置策略包括第二报文属于的网络流量的流量标识。该流量标识为第二报文中的四元组信息或五元组信息。在S2011中，第一网络设备接收第二报文，从第二报文中获取第二报文属于的网络流量的流量标识，从保存的第一策略配置中查询是否存在包括该流量标识的第一配置策略，如果存在，则获取包括该流量标识的第一配置策略，得到与第二报文属于的网络流量相应对的第一配置策略。
S2012：第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合，获得服务标识。
在本操作中，第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合和/或特征类型集合，生成服务标识。
生成的服务标识有如下四种可能的情况，情况一，服务标识包括服务指示；情况二，服务标识包括特征指示和特征标识；情况三，服务标识包括特征指示、特征标识和服务指示；情况四，服务标识包括特征服务指示和特征标识。在第一配置策略包括服务类型集合时，获取的服务标识包括服务指示，即得到上述情况一的服务标识。在第一配置策略包括特征类型集合时，获取的指示信息包括特征指示，即得到上述情况二的服务标识。在第一配置策略包括服务类型集合和特征类型集合时，获取的服务标识包括服务指示、特征指示和特征标识，或者，获取的服务标识包括特征服务指示，即得到上述情况三或情况四的服务标识。
接下来分别对该四种情况下的生成服务标识的方式，进行一一说明。
情况一，该服务标识包括服务指示。
第一配置策略包括服务类型集合，第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合，从第一对应关系中获取对应的服务指示，即服务指示与服务类型集合对应，服务指示可以用于指示一个或多个服务类型，也即上述第一服务或第二服务对应的类型。第一对应关系用于保存服务类型集合与参数信息以及对应服务指示中的内容的生成规则的对应关系。即，上述第二配置策略可以包括此处的第一对应关系。服务指示可以为位图形式或数值形式体现。
第一对应关系中的任一条记录包括一种服务类型集合和与该服务类型集合相对应的服务指示中的内容的生成规则。
例如，参见下表1所示的第一对应关系。
该第一对应关系是一种基于位图生成服务指示的规则对应关系示意，如表1所示，该对应关系的第一条记录表示：当服务指示中的第0位被置为特殊值，如1时，则表明需要提供IPFPM服务，该服务还包括服务参数：染色位信息，该染色位信息包括丢包率和时延中的至 少一个。第一对应关系中的第二条记录表示，当服务指示中的第1位被置为特殊值，如1时，则表明需要提供Light IOAM服务，服务类型“Light IOAM”对应的处理服务不需要携带参数信息。对于表1所示的第一对应关系中的其他每条记录的含义不再一一列举说明。以上，当服务指示使用位图方式进行表示时，该位图可以包括4比特位或更多比特位，本申请不做具体限定。在一个示例中，该服务指示的值可以为：0101，按照左边为高位右边为低位(第0位)理解，该服务指示用于指示2个服务，该2个服务指示的服务类型包括IPFPM和安全加密服务，在这种情况下，服务标识中，还需要携带服务参数，该服务参数为IPFPM对应的染色位信息。即，以上参数信息为可选的。在另一个示例中，该服务指示的值可以为：1001，按照左边为高位右边为低位(第0位)理解，该服务指示用于表示，该服务指示对应的服务类型包括IPFPM和SFC。即该服务标识包括指示信息，该指示信息指示了第一服务信息和第二服务信息，该第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务。可选的，在这种情况下，服务标识中，还需要携带服务参数集，该服务参数包括：IPFPM对应的染色位信息，和SFC服务需要的元数据。
当服务标识中需要携带多个参数信息时，第一设备按照与服务指示的位置顺序对应的方式携带多个参数。详见下方图3及相关描述，在此不再赘述。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021084777-appb-000001
在另一个示例中，该第一对应关系是一种基于数值方式生成服务指示的规则对应关系示意。在服务指示的形式为数值形式时，该服务指示为一数值。例如，参见下表2所示的第一对应关系，表2所示的第一对应关系与表1所示的第一对应关系的不同之处在于，表2所示的第一对应关系中的每条记录中的服务指示为数值。例如，表2中的第一条记录，当服务指示的数值为1时，则其用于指示IPFPM服务，并表明其还需要携带染色位信息，在这种情况下，第一服务信息和第二服务信息为服务指示中指示的IPFPM服务以及其携带的染色位信息。当该服务指示的值为5时，则用于指示IPFPM和Light IOAM服务，则支持需要携带的服务参数包括染色位信息。在这种情况下，即该服务标识相关的第一服务信息和第二服务信息为服务指示中指示的IPFPM和Light IOAM服务，同时，该服务标识还携带服务参数信息。当该服务指示的值为9时，则用于指示IPFPM、安全加密和SFC服务，相应的，还需要在服务标识中携带参数信息包括：染色位信息和元数据。在这种情况下，即该服务标识相关的第一服务信息和第二服务信息为服务指示中指示的IPFPM、安全加密服务和SFC服务中的任意两个。
表2
服务指示规则 服务类型集合 参数信息
1 IPFPM 染色位信息
2 Light IOAM 空
3 安全加密 空
4 SFC 空
5 IPFPM+Light IOAM 染色位信息
6 IPFPM+安全加密 染色位信息
7 IPFPM+SFC 染色位信息
8 IPFPM+Light IOAM+SFC 染色位信息和元数据
9 IPFPM+安全加密+SFC 染色位信息和元数据
10 Light IOAM+SFC 空
11 安全加密+SFC 空
以上，第一网络设备生成的服务标识除了包括服务指示外，还可能包括N个处理服务的参数信息，N为大于0的整数，该服务指示所指示的至少一个处理服务包括该N个处理服务。
可选的，在本步骤中第一网络设备还获取N个处理服务的参数信息，在第一配置策略包括该N个处理服务的参数信息的情况下，第一网络设备获取第一配置策略包括的该N个处理服务的参数信息。在第一配置策略不包括处理服务的参数信息的情况下，对于第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合，如果第一对应关系中包括该服务类型集合的记录中还保存有N个处理服务的参数信息，第一网络设备还从该记录中获取该N个处理服务的参数信息。
可选的，对于服务标识中的服务指示和每个处理服务的参数信息，在服务标识中该每个处理服务的参数信息之间的顺序与该服务指示相对应，即该服务指示还表明了该每个处理服务的参数信息之间的顺序。
参见图3，服务标识包括第一部分和第二部分。服务标识的第一部分包括上述服务指示，而服务标识的第二部分携带该N个处理服务中的每个处理服务的参数信息(例如为丢包率和/或时延)。
在一个示例中，当该第一部分的服务指示为位图形式的1001时，该服务标识中的第二部分包括IPFPM对应的丢包率和/或时延信息，和SFC服务需要的元数据。该第二部分的多个参数信息可以按照与服务指示的顺序一致的方式携带。如，服务指示为1001，其中，左边为高位，右边为低位(第0位)，则第一网络设备可以按照从右(低位)往左(高位)，或从左(高位)向右(低位)的方式，在图3所示的第二部分中携带服务参数信息，如先携带丢包率和/或时延信息，在一个示例中其内容为service1，再携带元数据信息，在一个示例中，其内容为service2。
可选的，第一网络设备还确定各参数所占服务标识中的位数，如元数据为32比特位，丢包率和/或时延信息为染色位，占2比特等。各参数占服务标识中的位数的信息可以包括在上述第二配置策略中，也可以是默认的规则或第一网络设备出厂即获得的规则等。
情况二，该服务标识包括特征指示。
可选的，第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的特征类型集合，确定至少2个特征标识，至少2个特征标识包括第一特征标识和第二特征标识。第一网络设备生成的服务标识包括第一网络设备获取的第一特征标识、第二特征标识和特征指示，即当服务标识包括特征标识时，服务标识中包括特征指示，该特征指示用于指示一个或多个特征标识对应的特征类型。
可选的，服务标识中也可以不包括特征指示，而是其他的规则确认该特征标识的具体类型。
在一个示例中，第一配置策略包括特征类型集合，第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的特征类型集合，从第二对应关系中获取对应的特征指示，第二对应关系用于保存特征指示与特征类型集合的生成规则的对应关系。即，上述第二配置策略可以包括此处的第二对应关系。特征指示可以为位图形式或数值形式体现。
第二对应关系中的任一条记录包括一个特征类型集合和与该一个特征类型集合相对应的特征指示中的内容的生成规则。
例如，参见下表3所示的第二对应关系，该第二对应关系是一种基于位图生成特征指示的规则对应关系示意。如表3所示，其第一条记录表示：当特征指示的第0比特位被置为特殊值，如1时，则表明需要在第一报文中携带特征类型包括Path ID。第二对应关系中的第二条记录表示：当特征指示的第1比特位被置为特殊值，如1时，则表明需要在第一报文中携带特征类型，包括FlowID和Seq num。对于表3所示的第二对应关系中的其他每条记录的含义不再一一列举说明。以上，当特征指示使用位图方式进行表示时，该位图可以包括3比特位或更多比特位，本申请不做具体限定。在一个示例中，该特征指示的值可以为：011，按照左边为高位右边为低位(第0位)理解，该特征指示用于指示2个特征，该2个特征对应的特征标识包括Path ID和FlowID+Seq num。当服务标识中携带上述特征指示时，服务标识中还需要携带与上述特征指示对应的至少一个特征标识。即，当特征指示的值为011时，服务标识中还包括Path ID和FlowID+Seq num。
表3
特征指示 特征类型集合
第0位 Path ID
第1位 Flow ID+Seq num
第2位 APP ID
…… ……
在另一个示例中，在特征指示的形式为数值形式时，该特征指示为一数值。例如，参见下表4所示的第二对应关系，表4所示的第二对应关系与表3所示的第二对应关系的不同之处在于，表4所示的第二对应关系中的每条记录中的特征指示为数值。例如，表4中的第一条记录，第一条记录中的特征指示为数值1，则其用于指示特征标识Path ID，第二条记录中的特征指示为数值2时，则其用于指示特征标识Flow ID+Seq num，当特征指示的值为数值4时，则其用于指示特征标识Path ID和APP ID。
表4
特征指示 特征类型集合
1 Path ID
2 Flow ID+Seq num
3 APP ID
4 Path ID+APP ID
…… ……
可选的，在该特征类型集合中包括特征类型“Path ID”的情况下，如果第一网络设备在接收第二报文时已选择一条路径，则第一网络设备获取选择的路径的路径标识。如果第一网络设备在接收第二报文时未选择路径，由第一网络设备从第一网络设备与尾节点之间的至少一条路径中选择一条路径，获取选择的路径的路径标识。该至少一个特征标识包括选择的路径的路径标识。
在该特征类型集合中包括特征类型“APP ID”的情况下，第一网络设备根据第二报文获取第二报文对应的应用标识，该至少一个特征标识包括该应用标识。在该特征类型集合中包括特征类型Flow ID的情况下，第一网络设备从第二报文中获取第二报文属于的网络流量的流量标识，该流量标识为第二报文的五元组信息或四元组信息，该至少一个特征标识包括该流量标识。在该特征类型集合中包括特征类型“Seq num”的情况下，第一网络设备根据第二报文获取第二报文的序列号，该至少一个特征标识包括该序列号。
在服务标识中该每个特征标识之间的顺序与该特征指示相对应，即该特征指示用于指示该每个特征标识之间的顺序。
参见图4，服务标识包括第一部分和第二部分。服务标识的第一部分为上述特征指示，而服务标识的第二部分携带上述至少2个特征标识(例如为第二报文的流量标识和序列号)。
在一个示例中，当该第一部分的特征指示为上述位图形式的011时，该服务标识中的第二部分包括2个特征标识，Path ID和FlowID+Seq num。其中这些特征标识可以按照与特征指示的顺序一致的方式携带。如，服务指示为011，其中，左边为高位，右边为低位(第0位)，则第一网络设备可以按照从右(低位)往左(高位)，或从左(高位)向右(低位)的方式，在图3所示的第二部分中携带特征标识，如先携带Path ID，在一个示例中其内容为ID1，再携带FlowID+Seq num信息，在一个示例中，其内容为ID2。
可选的，第一网络设备还确定各特征标识所占服务标识中的位数，如Path ID为20比特位，Flow ID+Seq num占48比特等。各特征标识占服务标识中的位数的信息可以包括在上述第二配置策略中，也可以是默认的规则或第一网络设备出厂即获得的规则等。
以下，第一服务信息用于指示第一服务，第二服务信息包括执行至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况，包括下述情况三或情况四。
情况三，该服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示。
第一配置策略包括服务类型集合和特征类型集合。第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合和特征类型集合确定服务标识，该服务标识中包括服务指示和特征指示。
可选的，第一网络设备可能获取到N个处理服务中的每个处理服务的参数信息，第一网 络设备生成的服务标识除了包括服务指示和特征指示外，还可能包括N个处理服务的参数信息，该服务指示所指示的至少一个处理服务包括该N个处理服务。
可选的，在本步骤中第一网络设备还获取N个处理服务的参数信息，在第一配置策略包括该N个处理服务的参数信息的情况下，第一网络设备获取第一配置策略包括的该N个处理服务的参数信息。在第一配置策略不包括处理服务的参数信息的情况下，对于第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合和特征类型集合，如果第二对应关系中包括该服务类型集合和特征类型集合的记录中还保存有N个处理服务的参数信息，第一网络设备还从该记录中获取该N个处理服务的参数信息。
可选的，获取处理服务的参数信息的过程可以参见上述第一种情况下的相关内容，在此不再详细说明。
可选的，第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的特征类型集合，确定至少一个特征标识，第一网络设备生成的服务标识除了包括服务指示和特征指示外，还包括该至少一个特征标识。
第一网络设备获得服务指示和特征指示，以及相关服务参数和特征标识的详细信息，详见上方情况一和情况二中的描述，此处不再赘述。
下面重点就服务标识中如何携带上述服务指示和特征指示，可选的，还携带上述服务参数以及特征标识。参见图5，服务标识包括第一部分和第二部分。第一部分包括第一子部分和第二子部分，第二部分包括第三子部分、第四子部分和第五子部分。
该服务标识的第一子部分可以为服务指示，第二子部分可以为特征指示。服务标识的第五子部分可以携带该N个处理服务中的每个处理服务的参数信息，如上述service1和service2，第三子部分可以携带1个或多个特征标识，如上述ID1和ID2，可选的，服务标识还包括第四子部分，该第四子部分为保留部分。
在一个示例中，特征标识与特征指示的位置相对应，服务参数信息与服务指示的位置相对应，即：当特征指示占服务标识中的第一部分的低位(对应图5中的第二子部分)时，特征标识占服务标识中的第二部分的低位(对应图5中的第五子部分)，当服务指示占服务标识中的第一部分的低位时，服务参数信息占服务标识中的第二部分的低位。
情况四，该服务标识包括特征服务指示。
第一配置策略包括服务类型集合和特征类型集合，第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的服务特征集合和特征类型集合，从第三对应关系中获取对应的特征服务指示，第三对应关系用于保存特征服务指示、服务类型集合、特征类型集合与参数信息的生成规则的对应关系。
第三对应关系中的任一条记录包括一个服务类型集合、一个特征类型集合和特征服务指示的生成规则的对应关系。该一个服务类型集合包括至少一个处理服务中的每个处理服务的服务类型，该一个特征类型集合包括至少一个特征标识中的每个特征标识的特征类型。该特征服务指示用于指示该至少一个处理服务和该至少一个特征标识。
可选的，在该至少一个处理服务中存在处理服务有参数信息的情况下，该一条记录中包括的参数信息为该处理服务的参数信息。在该至少一个处理服务中的每个处理服务均没有参数信息的情况下，该一条记录中包括的参数信息可表示为空。
例如，参见下表5所示的第三对应关系，该第三对应关系是一种基于位图生成特征服务指示的规则对应关系示意。第三对应关系中的第一条记录表示：当特征服务指示中的第0位 被置为特殊值，如1时，则表明该SR网络需要对第一报文提供IPFPM服务，同时需要在第一报文中携带特征标识Path ID，可记为ID1，和服务参数信息：染色位信息(例如为丢包率和/或时延)，可记为service1。第三对应关系中的第二条记录表示：当特征服务指示中的第1为被置为特殊值，如1时，则表明该SR网络需要对第一报文提供Light IOAM服务，同时需要在第一报文中携带特征标识：Flow ID+Seq num，该服务不需要携带参数信息。对于表5所示的第三对应关系中的其他每条记录的含义不再一一列举说明。
在一个示例中，该第一网络设备确定的特征服务指示的值为：0011，按照左边为高位右边为低位(第0位)理解，该特征服务指示用于指示2个服务，该2个服务指示的服务类型包括IPFPM和安全加密服务，在这种情况下，服务标识中，还需要携带服务参数，该服务参数为IPFPM对应的染色位信息(例如为丢包率和/或时延信息)。同时，该服务标识中还需要携带Path ID和Flow ID+Seq num。
表5
特征服务指示 服务类型集合 特征类型集合 参数信息
第0位 IPFPM Path ID 染色位信息
第1位 Light IOAM Flow ID+Seq num 空
第2位 安全加密 APP ID 空
…… …… …… ……
在特征服务指示的形式为数值形式时，该特征服务指示为一数值。例如，参见下表6所示的第三对应关系，表6所示的第三对应关系与表5所示的第三对应关系的不同之处在于，表6所示的第三对应关系中的每条记录中的特征服务指示为数值。例如，表6中的第一条记录，第一条记录中的特征服务指示为数值1，则表明该SR网络需要对第一报文提供IPFPM服务，同时需要在第一报文中携带特征标识Path ID，可记为ID1，和服务参数信息：染色位信息(例如为丢包率和/或时延)，可记为service1。
表6
特征指示 服务类型集合 特征类型集合 参数信息
1 IPFPM Path ID 染色位信息
2 Light IOAM Flow ID+Seq num 空
3 安全加密 APP ID 空
4 SFC Path ID+APP ID 空
…… …… …… ……
可选的，在服务标识中，各处理服务的参数信息之间的顺序与该特征服务指示相对应，即该特征服务指示还用于指示该各处理服务的参数信息之间的顺序；以及，该特征类型集合中的各特征类型之间的顺序与该特征服务指示相对应，即该特征服务指示还用于指示该各特征类型之间的顺序。
第一网络设备根据第一配置策略包括的特征类型集合中的Path ID，从第一网络设备与尾节点之间的第一路径和第二路径中选择第一路径，获取第一路径的路径标识Path1。第一网络设备生成服务标识，服务标识包括特征服务指示“0011”、第一路径的路径标识Path1以及参数 信息“丢包率和/或时延”。
可选的，参见图6，服务标识包括第一部分和第二部分。第二部分包括第三子部分、第四子部分和第五子部分。
服务标识的第一部分为上述特征服务指示。而服务标识的第五子部分携带该N个处理服务中的每个处理服务的参数信息(例如为丢包率和/或时延)，第三子部分携带该至少一个特征标识(例如为Path1)，可选的，服务标识还包括第四子部分，该第四子部分为保留部分。
可选的，在本步骤中第一网络设备还获取N个处理服务的参数信息，在第一配置策略包括该N个处理服务的参数信息的情况下，第一网络设备获取第一配置策略包括的该N个处理服务的参数信息。在第一配置策略不包括处理服务的参数信息的情况下，对于第一配置策略包括的服务类型集合，如果第三对应关系中包括该服务类型集合的记录中还保存有N个处理服务的参数信息，第一网络设备还从该记录中获取该N个处理服务的参数信息。
在一个示例中，特征标识与服务的参数信息按照默认的规则占据服务标识中的位置，如特征标识占服务标识中的第二部分的高位(对应图6中的第三子部分)，服务参数信息占服务标识中的第二部分的低位(对应图6中的第五子部分)。
在一个示例中，上述服务标识为路径段标识。
可选的，该服务标识的长度为128比特。
在一个具体的示例中，上述服务指示部分和特征指示部分一共可以占128比特中的16比特，该16比特占该128比特的高位或低位。即第一部分的长度为16比特，第二部分的长度为112比特，第一部分位于服务标识的高位或低位。
以上，示例性介绍了服务标识的结构和组成情况，当服务标识中携带有参数或特征标识时，该参数或特征标识可以被一个服务应用，也可以被多个服务应用。本申请不做限定。
S2103：第一网络设备生成第一报文，第一报文包括SRH，SRH包括服务标识。
第一网络设备可以在第二报文中添加SRH，该SRH包括服务标识。
参见图7所示的SRH，该SRH包括段标识列表和标志位(Flags)等信息。该段标识列表包括n+1个字段，该n+1个字段分别为Segment List[n]至Segment List[0]，n为大于1的整数。可选的，服务标识位于该段标识列表中。
可选的，该段标识列表包括服务标识，由于服务标识中包括与一个或多个服务相关的至少2个信息，这样不需要在SRH中设置不同TLV携带服务类型集合中的各服务类型的信息，以及不需要不同TLV携带特征类型集合中的各特征类型对应的特征标识。这样减小了第一报文的长度，第一网络设备发送第一报文后，接收第一报文的第二网络设备不需要花费较多的时间来解析第一报文中的TLV，提高了解析第一报文和执行服务的效率。
可选的，参见图7，服务标识位于该段标识列表的首位，该段标识列表的首位为该段标识列表的第一个字段，即为字段Segment List[n]，也就是说服务标识可以携带在字段Segment List[n]中。或者，
可选的，参见图8，服务标识位于该段标识列表的末位，该段标识列表的末位为该段标识列表的最后一个字段，即为字段Segment List[0]，也就是说服务标识可以携带在字段Segment List[0]中。或者，
可选的，参见图9，服务标识位于该段标识列表的末位之前且与末位相邻，服务标识所 在的位置为该段标识列表的倒数第二个字段，即服务标识所在的位置为字段Segment List[1]，也就是说服务标识可以携带在字段Segment List[1]中。
可选的，该SRH包括至少一个TLV，服务标识可以不位于该SRH的段标识列表中，而是位于SRH的一个TLV中。该TLV包括类型字段、长度字段和值字段，该类型字段包括用于携带服务标识的TLV类型，该值字段包括服务标识。
由于服务标识中的包括用于指示服务类型集合和特征类型集合的指示信息，只需要一个TLV包括服务标识，这样不需要在SRH中设置不同的其他TLV携带服务类型集合中的各服务类型，以及不需要不同的其他TLV携带特征类型集合中的各特征类型对应的特征标识。这样减小了第一报文的长度，尤其是当需要在第一报文中携带至少2个服务的信息时，第一网络设备发送第一报文后，接收第一报文的第二网络设备不需要花费较多的时间来解析第一报文中的TLV，提高了解析第一报文的效率。
可选的，第一网络设备在生成第一报文时，该SRH头还携带标志位，该标志位的值被置为特殊的值，如1时，表明该第一报文中携带有上述服务标识。
可选的，该标志位还用于指示该服务标识在SRH头中的位置。
S202：第一网络设备发送第一报文。
如果在S201的操作中第一网络设备已选择一条路径，第一网络设备通过已选择的路径发送第一报文。例如，对于图5或6所示的例子，第一网络设备在已选择的第一路径上发送第一报文。
如果在S201的操作中第一网络设备未选择路径，则第一网络设备从第一网络设备与尾节点之间的路径中选择一条路径，通过选择的路径发送第一报文。
S203：第二网络设备接收第一报文，根据第一报文中的服务标识对第一报文进行处理。
第二网络设备为选择的路径上的节点，包括：尾节点或中间节点。
其中，对于中间节点，如果控制器配置中间节点需要对报文进行处理，或某业务是需要中间节点处理的，则中间节点接收到第一报文，按本步骤的操作处理第一报文，处理完第一报文并向尾节点发送第一报文。如果控制器没有配置中间点对报文进行处理，或没有业务需要中间节点处理，则中间节点接收到第一报文，可以向尾节点转发第一报文。尾节点接收第一报文，按本步骤的操作处理第一报文。
可选的，第二网络设备可以在接收到报文后，即到确定的位置去取服务标识。
可选的，第二网络设备接收第一报文后，根据第一报文的标志位获取服务标识。在实现时，第二网络设备根据第一报文的标志位确定第一报文是否包括服务标识，在确定第一报文包括服务标识时，从第一报文中获取服务标识。
当服务标识位于第一报文的段标识列表中，第二网络设备从该段标识列表中获取服务标识。例如，从位于该段标识列表首位的字段中获取服务标识，或者，从位于该段标识列表末位的字段中获取服务标识，或者，确定位于该段标识列表的末位之前且与该末位相邻的字段，从该字段中获取服务标识。
当服务标识位于第一报文的TLV中，从第一报文中解析用于携带服务标识的TLV，从该TLV的值字段中获取服务标识。
以上，第二网络设备可以是通过上述标志位信息确定服务标识的位置，也可以是该服务 标识携带在默认的位置中。
其中，第一报文中的服务标识包括的信息包括上述四种情况，该四种情况即为S201中描述的情况一、情况二、情况三和情况四。
可选的，对于情况一，即在该服务标识包括服务指示的情况下，在本步骤中，第二网络设备根据该服务指示，确定至少2个服务，根据第一报文执行确定的至少2个服务。
可选的，在服务标识中包括N个处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息时，第二网络设备还根据该服务指示从服务标识中顺序获取该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息，根据该至少一个处理服务和该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息对第一报文进行处理。
第二网络设备中保存有第一对应关系，第二网络设备得到第一对应关系的详细实现方式和第一网络设备得到第一对应关系的详细实现方式相同，在此不再详细说明。
第二网络设备根据该服务指示，从第一对应关系中获取服务类型集合，该服务类型集合包括该至少一个服务中的每个服务的服务类型；根据每个服务的服务类型，确定每个服务。
可选的，对于该N处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息，在服务标识中该各处理服务的参数信息之间的顺序，与在该服务类型集合中该各处理服务的服务类型之间的顺序相同，所以根据该服务类型集合中该各处理服务的服务类型之间的顺序，从服务标识中获取各处理服务的参数信息。
其中，对于某些情形下，第二网络设备处理第一报文时不需要至少一个特征标识，例如，假设第二网络设备对第一报文进行的处理服务为IPFPM对应的处理服务，以及头节点与尾节点之间的路径包括一条，在此种情形下第二网络设备可以不需要路径标识，第二网络设备根据IPFPM对应的处理服务对第一报文进行处理，得到第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小，然后向控制器或网管设备发送该一条路径的路径标识以及发送第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小。所以第一网络设备在生成第一报文时，第一报文中的服务标识可以只包括服务指示。
例如，假设头节点与尾节点之间只有一条路径，参见图3所示的实例，在该服务指示为位图形式，第二网络设备从服务标识中获取服务指示“0011”，根据该服务指示从表1所示的第一对应关系获取服务类型集合，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，确定IPFPM对应的处理服务；或者，在该服务指示为数值形式，第二网络设备从服务标识中获取数值1，根据数值1从表2所示的第一对应关系获取服务类型集合，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，确定IPFPM对应的处理服务。从服务标识中获取参数信息为染色位信息，该染色位信息包括丢包率和/或时延；根据IPFPM对应的处理服务以及该服务参数“丢包率和/或时延”，对第一报文进行处理，得到第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小，发送第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小，以及发送该一条路径的路径标识。
可选的，对于情况二，即在该服务标识包括特征指示的情况下，服务标识包括至少2个特征标识。在本步骤中，第二网络设备根据该特征指示，从服务标识中顺序获取至少2个特征标识，根据该至少2个特征标识和第一报文执行至少一个服务。
可选的，第二网络设备获取至少2个特征标识的操作，可以为：第二网络设备根据该特征指示获取特征类型集合，根据该特征类型集合包括的该至少2个特征标识的特征类型，从服务标识中顺序获取该至少2个特征标识。
可选的，第二网络设备中保存有第二对应关系，第二网络设备获取第二对应关系的方式与第一网络设备获取第二对应关系的方式相同，在此不再详细说明。
可选的，第二网络设备根据该特征指示，从第二对应关系中获取特征类型集合。
由于在服务标识中该至少2个特征标识中的各特征标识之间的顺序，与在特征类型集合中该各特征标识的特征类型之间的顺序相同，所以根据该各特征标识的特征类型的顺序，从服务标识中识别并获取各特征标识。
可选的，在执行本步骤之前，控制器在第二网络设备上配置特征标识和与该特征标识相对应的一个或多个处理服务。在实现时，控制器向第二网络设备发送第四对应关系，对于第四对应关系中的任一条记录，该对应关系中的任一条记录包括一个特征标识和与该特征标识相对应的至少一个处理服务中的各处理服务的服务类型，在该至少一个处理服务中包括部分处理服务存在参数信息，该一条记录还包括该部分处理服务的参数信息。第二网络设备接收并保存第四对应关系。
可选的，第二网络设备根据该至少一个特征标识，对第一报文进行处理的操作，可以为：第二网络设备根据该至少一个特征标识中的每个特征标识，从第四对应关系中获取对应的服务类型，确定获取的服务类型对应的处理服务，根据该至少一个特征标识，对第一报文执行确定的处理服务。
可选的，如果第二网络设备根据每个特征标识，从第四对应关系中还获取到对应的处理服务的参数信息，则第二网络设备根据该至少一个特征标识和获取的处理服务的参数信息，对第一报文执行确定的处理服务。
例如，参见图4所示的实例，在该特征指示为位图形式，第二网络设备从服务标识中获取特征指示为“010”，根据特征指示从表3所示的第二对应关系获取特征类型集合，该特征类型集合包括Flow ID+Seq num；或者，在该特征指示为数值形式，第二网络设备从服务标识中获取数值2，得到特征指示为数值2，根据特征指示从表4所示的第二对应关系获取特征类型集合，该特征类型集合包括Flow ID+Seq num。根据特征类型集合从服务标识中获取特征标识为第二报文的流量标识和序列号。
在一个示例中，根据第二报文的流量标识从第四对应关系中获取的服务类型为安全加密，则第二网络设备第二报文的流量标识和序列号，对第一报文进行处理，并对第一报文进行安全加密处理。
可选的，对于情况三，即在该服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示的情况下，服务标识包括至少一个特征标识，服务标识还可能包括N个处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息。
在本步骤中，第二网络设备根据该服务指示，确定至少一个处理服务，根据该特征指示，从服务标识中顺序获取至少一个特征标识，根据该至少一个处理服务和该至少一个特征标识，对第一报文进行处理。
其中，第二网络设备确定该至少一个处理服务以及获取至少一个特征标识的详细实现过程，可以参见上述情况一和情况二下的相关内容，在此不再详细说明。
可选的，在服务标识中包括N个处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息时，第二网络设备还根据该服务指示从服务标识中顺序获取该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息，根据该至少一个特征标识、该至少一个处理服务和该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息，对第一报文进行处理。
其中，第二网络设备获取该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息的详细实现过程，可以参见上述第一种情况下的相关内容，在此不再详细说明。
例如，对于图5所示的实例，在该服务特征和特征指示为位图形式，第二网络设备获取第一报文的服务标识包括的服务指示为“0001”以及特征指示为“001”；根据服务指示“0001”，从如表1所示的第一对应关系中获取对应的服务类型集合，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，确定IPFPM对应的处理服务，以及从服务标识中获取参数信息为染色位信息，该染色位信息包括丢包率和/或时延；根据特征指示“001”，从如表3所示的第二对应关系中获取对应的特征类型集合，该特征类型集合包括Path ID，根据Path ID，从服务标识中获取第一路径的路径标识Path1。或者，
在该服务指示和特征指示为数值形式，第二网络设备获取第一报文的服务标识包括的服务指示为数值1以及特征指示为数值1；根据服务指示“数值1”，从如表2所示的第一对应关系中获取对应的服务类型集合，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，确定IPFPM对应的处理服务，以及从服务标识中获取参数信息为染色位信息，该染色位信息包括丢包率和/或时延；根据特征指示“数值1”，从如表4所示的第二对应关系中获取对应的特征类型集合，该特征类型集合包括Path ID，根据Path ID，从服务标识中获取第一路径的路径标识Path1。
第二网络设备根据IPFPM对应的处理服务、第一路径的路径标识Path1以及该服务参数“丢包率和/或时延”，对第一报文进行处理，得到第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小；发送第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小，以及发送第一路径的路径标识Path1。可选的，第二网络设备向控制器或网管设备发送第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小以及发送第一路径的路径标识Path1。
可选的，对于情况四，即在该服务标识包括特征服务指示的情况下，服务标识还包括至少一个特征标识，服务标识还可能包括N个处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息。
在本步骤中，第二网络设备根据该特征服务指示，确定至少一个处理服务以及从服务标识中顺序获取至少一个特征标识，根据该至少一个处理服务和该至少一个特征标识，对第一报文进行处理。
第二网络设备中保存有第三对应关系，第二网络设备得到第三对应关系的详细实现方式和第一网络设备得到第三对应关系的详细实现方式相同，在此不再详细说明。
第二网络设备根据该特征服务指示，从第三对应关系中获取对应的服务类型集合和特征类型集合，该服务类型集合包括该至少一个处理服务中的每个处理服务的服务类型，该特征类型集合包括该至少一个特征标识中的每个特征标识的特征类型；根据每个处理服务的服务类型，确定每个处理服务，以及根据每个特征标识的特征类型从服务标识中顺序获取每个特征标识。
由于在服务标识中该至少一个特征标识中的各特征标识之间的顺序，与在特征类型集合中该各特征标识的特征类型之间的顺序相同，所以根据该各特征标识的特征类型的顺序，从服务标识中识别并获取各特征标识。
可选的，在服务标识中包括N个处理服务中的各处理服务的参数信息时，第二网络设备还根据该服务指示从服务标识中顺序获取该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息，根据该至少一个特征标识、该至少一个处理服务和该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息，对第一报文进行处理。
其中，第二网络设备获取该N个处理服务包括的各处理服务的参数信息的详细实现过程，可以参见上述第一种情况下的相关内容，在此不再详细说明。
例如，对于图6所示的实例，在该特征服务指示为位图形式生成的时，第二网络设备获取第一报文的服务标识包括的特征服务指示为“0001”；根据特征服务指示“0001”，从如表5所示的第三对应关系中获取对应的服务类型集合和特征类型集合，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，确定IPFPM对应的处理服务，以及从服务标识中获取参数信息为染色位信息，该染色位信息包括丢包率和/或时延，该特征类型集合包括Path ID，根据Path ID，从服务标识中获取第一路径的路径标识Path1。或者，
在该特征服务指示为数值形式，第二网络设备获取第一报文的服务标识包括的特征服务指示为数值1；根据特征服务指示“数值1”，从如表6所示的第三对应关系中获取对应的服务类型集合和特征类型集合，该服务类型集合包括IPFPM，确定IPFPM对应的处理服务，以及从服务标识中获取参数信息为染色位信息，该染色位信息包括丢包率和/或时延；该特征类型集合包括Path ID，根据Path ID，从服务标识中获取第一路径的路径标识Path1。
第二网络设备根据IPFPM对应的处理服务、第一路径的路径标识Path1以及该服务参数“丢包率和/或时延”，对第一报文进行处理，得到第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小；发送第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小，以及发送第一路径的路径标识Path1。可选的，第二网络设备向控制器或网管设备发送第一报文的丢包率大小和/或时延大小以及发送第一路径的路径标识Path1。
在本申请实施例中，第一网络设备生成第一报文，第一报文的SRH包括服务标识，服务标识包括服务指示、特征指示、服务特征指示，或者该服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，当包括特征指示时，还包括特征标识。由于服务指示用于指示至少一个服务，特征指示用于指示至少一个特征标识，特征服务指示用于指示该至少一个处理服务和该至少一个特征标识，所以该指示信息能够指示该至少一个处理服务和/或该至少一个特征标识，而该指示信息位于服务标识中，这样第一报文不需要包括每个处理服务对应的TLV以及每个特征标识对应的TLV，减小第一报文中的TLV数量。第二网络设备在接收到第一报文时，减小解析第一报文中的TLV数量或不用解析第一报文中的TLV，提高了转发效率，也减小了第一报文的长度，进而节省了网络资源。
参见图10，本申请实施例提供了一种服务执行装置1000，应用于图1所示的SR网络，所述装置1000部署在上述任意方法实施例所述的第一网络设备中，包括：
处理单元1001，用于生成第一报文，第一报文包括SRH，SRH中包括服务标识，服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关；
发送单元1002，用于向第二网络设备发送第一报文，服务标识用于指示第二网络设备根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。
可选的，处理单元1001生成第一报文的详细实现过程，可以参见图2所示实施例中的S201中的相关内容，在此不再详细说明。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第二服务，上述至少一个服务包括第一服务和第二服务。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一特征标识，第二服务信息包括第二特征标识。这里的第 一服务信息和第二服务信息携带在服务标识中，同时，该服务标识还包括特征指示部分，特征指示部分用于指示服务标识包括上述第一特征标识和第二特征标识。
可选的，第一服务信息包括第一服务，第二服务信息包括第一特征标识。服务标识包括服务指示用于指示第一服务，该服务指示还可以指示更多的服务。服务标识还携带指示第一特征标识的特征指示，该特征指示还可以指示更多的特征标识。或，服务标识包括特征服务指示，该特征服务指示可以同时即指示第一服务也指示第一特征标识。
可选的，服务标识位于SRH的段标识列表中或者位于SRH的一个类型长度值TLV中。
可选的，服务标识的长度为128比特。
在本申请实施例中，由于处理单元生成的第一报文包括服务标识，服务标识与第一服务信息、第二服务信息相关。即，服务标识指示了根据第一报文待被执行的至少一个服务和/或至少一个特征标识，发送单元发送第一报文后，使得第二网络设备基于第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。第一报文为真实的业务报文，从而为真实业务提供网络服务。另外，由于服务标识指示了第一报文待被执行的至少一个处理服务和/或至少一个特征标识，从而减小第一报文的长度，减小了第二网络设备解析第一报文所需要的时间。
装置1000中的各模块和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现方法实施例中的第一网络设备所实施的各种步骤和方法，上述仅是部分功能举例，具体细节可参见上述方法实施例，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
参见图11，本申请实施例提供了一种服务执行装置1100，应用于图1所示的SR网络，所述装置1100部署在上述任意实施例所述的第二网络设备中，包括：
接收单元1101，用于接收第一报文，第一报文包括SRH，SRH中包括服务标识，服务标识包括第一服务信息和第二服务信息；
处理单元1102，用于根据第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。
在本申请实施例中，接收单元接收第一报文，由于第一报文包括服务标识，服务标识包括第一服务信息和第二服务信息，这样处理单元可基于第一服务信息、第二服务信息和第一报文执行至少一个服务。第一报文为真实的业务报文，基于服务标识和第一报文执行至少一个服务，从而为真实业务提供网络服务。另外，由于服务标识包括了至少2个服务信息，所以第一报文中只需要包括服务标识，从而减小第一报文的长度，减小了第二网络设备解析第一报文所需要的时间。
装置1100中的各模块和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现方法实施例中的第二网络设备所实施的各种步骤和方法，上述仅是部分功能举例，具体细节可参见上述方法实施例，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
参见图12，本申请实施例提供了一种服务执行装置1200示意图。该装置1200可以是上述任一实施例中的第一网络设备。该装置1200包括至少一个处理器1201，总线系统1202，存储器1203以及至少一个收发器1204。
该装置1200是一种硬件结构的装置，可以用于实现图10所述的装置1000中的功能模块。例如，本领域技术人员可以想到图10所示的装置1000中的处理单元1001可以通过该至少一个处理器1201调用存储器1203中的代码来实现，图10所示的装置1000中的发送单元1002 可以通过该收发器1204来实现。
可选的，上述处理器1201可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，网络处理器(network processor，NP)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
上述总线系统1202可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
上述收发器1204，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信。
上述存储器1203可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过总线与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器1203用于存储执行本申请方案的应用程序代码，并由处理器1201来控制执行。处理器1201用于执行存储器1203中存储的应用程序代码，从而实现本专利方法中的功能。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器1201可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图12中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，该装置1200可以包括多个处理器，例如图12中的处理器1201和处理器1207。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
参见图13，本申请实施例提供了一种服务执行装置1300示意图。该装置1300可以是上述任一实施例中的第一网络设备。该装置1300包括至少一个处理器1301，总线系统1302，存储器1303以及至少一个收发器1304。
该装置1300是一种硬件结构的装置，可以用于实现图11所述的装置1100中的功能模块。例如，本领域技术人员可以想到图11所示的装置1100中的处理单元1102可以通过该至少一个处理器1301调用存储器1303中的代码来实现，图11所示的装置1101中的接收单元1101可以通过该收发器1304来实现。
可选的，上述处理器1301可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，网络处理器(network processor，NP)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
上述总线系统1302可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
上述收发器1304，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信。
上述存储器1303可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically  erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过总线与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器1303用于存储执行本申请方案的应用程序代码，并由处理器1301来控制执行。处理器1301用于执行存储器1303中存储的应用程序代码，从而实现本专利方法中的功能。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器1301可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图13中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，该装置1300可以包括多个处理器，例如图13中的处理器1301和处理器1307。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在一些可能的实施例中，上述服务执行装置(如第一网络设备或第二网络设备)可以实现为虚拟化设备。
例如，虚拟化设备可以是运行有用于发送报文功能的程序的虚拟机(英文：Virtual Machine，VM)，虚拟机部署在硬件设备上(例如，物理服务器)。虚拟机指通过软件模拟的具有完整硬件系统功能的、运行在一个完全隔离环境中的完整计算机系统。例如，可以基于通用的物理服务器结合网络功能虚拟化(Network Functions Virtualization，NFV)技术来实现第一设备。第一设备为虚拟主机、虚拟路由器或虚拟交换机。本领域技术人员通过阅读本申请即可结合NFV技术在通用物理服务器上虚拟出具有上述功能的第一设备。此处不再赘述。
例如，虚拟化设备可以是容器，容器是一种用于提供隔离的虚拟化环境的实体，例如，容器可以是docker容器。可以将容器配置为第一设备。例如，可以通过对应的镜像来创建出第一设备，例如可以通过proxy-container(提供代理服务的容器)的镜像，为proxy-container创建2个容器实例，分别是容器实例proxy-container1、容器实例proxy-container2，将容器实例proxy-container1提供为第一设备或第一计算设备，将容器实例proxy-container2提供为第二设备或第二计算设备。采用容器技术实现时，第一设备或第二设备可以利用物理机的内核运行，多个第一设备或第二设备可以共享物理机的操作系统。通过容器技术可以将不同的第一设备或第二设备隔离开来。容器化的第一设备或第二设备可以在虚拟化的环境中运行，例如可以在虚拟机中运行，容器化的第一设备或第二设备可也可以直接在物理机中运行。
例如，虚拟化设备可以是Pod，Pod是Kubernetes(Kubernetes是谷歌开源的一种容器编排引擎，英文简称为K8s)为部署、管理、编排容器化应用的基本单位。Pod可以包括一个或多个容器。同一个Pod中的每个容器通常部署在同一主机上，因此同一个Pod中的每个容器可以通过该主机进行通信，并且可以共享该主机的存储资源和网络资源。可以将Pod配置为第一设备。例如，具体地，可以指令容器即服务(英文全称：container as a service，英文简称：CaaS，是一种基于容器的PaaS服务)来创建Pod，将Pod提供为第一设备。
当然，服务执行装置还可以是其他虚拟化设备，在此不做一一列举。
在一些可能的实施例中，上述服务执行装置也可以由通用处理器来实现。例如，该通用处理器的形态可以是一种芯片。具体地，实现服务执行装置的通用处理器包括处理电路和与该处理电路内部连接通信的输入接口以及输出接口，该处理电路用于通过输入接口执行上述各个方法实施例中的丢失时钟报文的步骤。可选地，该通用处理器还可以包括存储介质，该处理电路用于通过存储介质执行上述各个方法实施例中的存储步骤。存储介质可以存储处理电路执行的指令，该处理电路用于执行存储介质存储的指令以执行上述方法实施例。
上述各种产品形态的装置，具有上述方法实施例中服务执行装置的任意功能，此处不再赘述。
参见图14，本申请实施例提供了一种网络系统1400示意图。所述系统1400包括如图10所述的装置1000和如图11所述的装置1100；或者，所述系统1400包括如图12所述的装置1200和如图13所述的装置1300。
可选的，如图10所述装置1000或如图12所述的装置1200可以为第一网络设备1401，如图11所述的装置1100或如图13所述的装置1300可以为第二网络设备1402。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (37)

  1. 一种服务执行方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一网络设备生成第一报文，所述第一报文包括段路由头SRH，所述SRH包括服务标识，所述服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关；
    所述第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送所述第一报文，所述服务标识用于使所述第二网络设备基于所述第一服务信息、第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务和所述第二服务；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识，特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，所述特征标识包括所述第一特征标识和/或所述第二特征标识；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第一特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务的情况下，所述服务标识包括服务指示，所述服务指示用于指示所述第一服务和所述第二服务。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述服务标识还包括服务参数，所述服务参数与所述第一服务和/或所述第二服务相关。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括特征指示，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识与所述特征指示的顺序对应。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，
    所述服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，所述服务指示用于指示所述第一服务信息，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识；
    或者，
    所述服务标识包括特征服务指示，所述特征服务指示用于指示所述第一服务和所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述服务标识还包括服务参数部分，所述 服务参数部分与所述第一服务相关。
  9. 根据权利要求4或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述服务标识中所述服务参数部分的顺序与所述服务指示对应。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报文的SRH的段标识列表或第一类型长度值TLV中包括所述服务标识。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述服务标识的长度为128比特。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个服务包括互联网协议流性能测量IPFPM、轻带内操作管理和维护Light IOAM、安全加密、用于添加时间戳的服务、业务功能链SFC、转发和接入控制列表ACL中的一个或多个。
  13. 一种服务执行方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一报文，所述第一报文包括段路由头SRH，所述SRH包括服务标识，所述服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关；
    所述第二网络设备根据所述第一服务信息、所述第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务和所述第二服务；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识，特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，所述特征标识包括所述第一特征标识和/或所述第二特征标识；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第一特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务的情况下，所述服务标识包括服务指示，所述第二网络设备根据所述第一服务信息、所述第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：
    所述第二网络设备根据所述服务指示确定所述第一服务和所述第二服务；
    所述第二网络设备根据所述第一报文执行所述第一服务和所述第二服务。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述服务标识还包括服务参数，所述服务参数与所述第一服务相关，所述第二网络设备根据所述第一报文执行所述第一服务和所述第二服务，包括：
    所述第二网络设备还根据所述服务参数执行所述第一服务。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括特征指示，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识，所述第二网络设备根据所述第一服务信息、所述第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：
    所述第二网络设备根据所述特征指示获取所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，
    所述服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，所述服务指示用于指示所述第一服务，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识，所述第二网络设备根据所述第一服务信息、所述第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：
    所述第二网络设备根据所述服务指示确定所述第一服务；
    所述第二网络设备根据所述特征指示确定所述第一特征标识；
    所述第二网络设备根据所述第一报文和所述第一特征标识执行所述至少一个服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括特征服务指示，所述特征服务指示用于指示所述第一服务和所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识，所述第二网络设备根据所述第一服务信息、所述第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务，包括：
    所述第二网络设备根据所述特征服务指示确定所述第一服务和所述第一特征标识；
    所述第二网络设备根据所述第一报文和所述第一特征标识执行所述至少一个服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务。
  20. 根据权利要求13-19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报文的SRH的段标识列表或第一类型长度值TLV中包括所述服务标识。
  21. 一种服务执行装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于生成第一报文，所述第一报文包括段路由头SRH，所述SRH包括服务标识，所述服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关；
    发送单元，用于向第二设备发送所述第一报文，所述服务标识用于使所述第二设备基于所述第一服务信息、第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，其中，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务和所述第二服务；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识，特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，所述特征标识包括所述第一特征标识和/或所述第二特征标识；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第一特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务的情况下，所述服务标识包括服务指示，所述服务指示用于指示所述第一服务和所述第二服务。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少 一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括特征指示，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识。
  25. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，
    所述服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，所述服务指示用于指示所述第一服务，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识；
    或者，
    所述服务标识包括特征服务指示，所述特征服务指示用于指示所述第一服务和所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识。
  26. 根据权利要求21-25任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一报文的SRH的段标识列表或第一类型长度值TLV中包括所述服务标识。
  27. 一种服务执行装置，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于接收第一设备发送的第一报文，所述第一报文包括段路由头SRH，所述SRH包括服务标识，所述服务标识与第一服务信息和第二服务信息相关；
    处理单元，用于根据所述第一服务信息、所述第二服务信息和所述第一报文执行至少一个服务。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务和所述第二服务；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识，特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识，所述特征标识包括所述第一特征标识和/或所述第二特征标识；
    或者，
    所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第一特征标识包括流量标识或网络标识。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括第二服务的情况下，所述服务标识包括服务指示，
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述服务指示确定所述第一服务和所述第二服务；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述第一报文执行所述第一服务和所述第二服务。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的装置，其特征在于，所述服务标识还包括服务参数，所述服务参数与所述第一服务相关，
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述服务参数执行所述第一服务。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第二特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括特征指示，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识，
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述特征指示获取所述第一特征标识和所述第二特征标识；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述第一特征标识、所述第二特征标识和所述第一报文执行所述至少一个服务。
  32. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息用于指示第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括服务指示和特征指示，所述服务指示用于指示所述第一服务，所述特征指示用于指示所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识，
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述服务指示确定所述第一服务；
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述特征指示确定所述第一特征标识；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述第一报文和所述第一特征标识执行所述至少一个服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务。
  33. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第一服务信息包括第一服务，所述第二服务信息包括执行所述至少一个服务所需的第一特征标识的情况下，所述服务标识包括特征服务指示，所述特征服务指示用于指示所述第一服务和所述服务标识包括所述第一特征标识，
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述特征服务指示确定所述第一服务和所述第一特征标识；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述第一报文和所述第一特征标识执行所述至少一个服务，所述至少一个服务包括所述第一服务。
  34. 根据权利要求27-33任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一报文的SRH的段标识列表或第一类型长度值TLV中包括所述服务标识。
  35. 一种网络系统，其特征在于，包括第一网络设备和第二网络设备，所述第一网络设备为权利要求21-26中任一项所述的装置，所述第二网络设备为权利要求27-34中任一项所述的装置。
  36. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被计算机执行时，实现如权利要求1-20任一项所述的方法。
  37. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被计算机执行时，实现如权利要求1-20任一项所述的方法。
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