WO2021197045A1 - 中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统 - Google Patents

中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021197045A1
WO2021197045A1 PCT/CN2021/080993 CN2021080993W WO2021197045A1 WO 2021197045 A1 WO2021197045 A1 WO 2021197045A1 CN 2021080993 W CN2021080993 W CN 2021080993W WO 2021197045 A1 WO2021197045 A1 WO 2021197045A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
grid
medium
photovoltaic
inverter
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PCT/CN2021/080993
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王航
任力
孙鹏
Original Assignee
阳光电源股份有限公司
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Application filed by 阳光电源股份有限公司 filed Critical 阳光电源股份有限公司
Priority to EP21780019.2A priority Critical patent/EP4131702A4/en
Priority to US17/913,862 priority patent/US20230113216A1/en
Publication of WO2021197045A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021197045A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system and a photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system in large-scale photovoltaic power plants usually incorporates photovoltaic inverters into the low-voltage grid through low-voltage contactors and circuit breakers, and then merges into the medium-voltage grid through a step-up transformer.
  • a ring network cabinet will be connected between the step-up transformer and the grid, so as to realize the ring network connection of multiple photovoltaic inverter units.
  • a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected system and its control method and square array unit connect multiple inverters in parallel, connect to the low-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer, and then connect with the medium-voltage circuit breaker, electric Operating mechanism, medium voltage state monitoring module, control module, cable switch, etc. constitute a square array unit of a medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system. Connect multiple square array units through a cable switch to form a "hand in hand" ring network system.
  • the control module When the power grid is re-powered, the control module is used to delay the closing of the medium voltage circuit breaker according to the preset time, so that multiple square array units are connected to the power grid in batches, thereby reducing the impact of the transformer magnetizing inrush current on the power grid.
  • the main purpose of this application is to propose a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system and a photovoltaic power generation system, aiming to realize medium-voltage grid-connected under the condition of canceling the ring network cabinet.
  • this application proposes a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system, which is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected systems, and the medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected systems
  • the inverter system includes:
  • a photovoltaic inverter the DC input end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected to a DC bus;
  • a medium-voltage transformer, the low-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer is connected to the AC output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter;
  • the input terminal of the ring network switch is connected to the high voltage side of the medium voltage transformer, the ring network switch has two output terminals for each phase, and each output terminal is connected to the grid of another medium voltage photovoltaic The ring network switch connection of the system;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller is connected to the controlled end of the ring network switch, and the inverter grid-connected controller is used to control the opening/closing of the ring network switch to realize off-grid/grid-connected.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system further includes:
  • the detection terminal of the DC bus voltage detection circuit is connected to the DC bus, and the output terminal of the DC bus voltage detection circuit is connected to the inverter grid-connected controller; the DC bus voltage The detection circuit is used to detect the voltage of the DC bus and generate a DC bus voltage detection signal;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller is further configured to control the ring network switch to open when it is determined according to the DC bus voltage detection signal that the voltage of the DC bus is less than a first preset voltage threshold.
  • the inverter grid-connected controller is further configured to control after determining that the voltage of the DC bus is less than a first preset voltage threshold value for a first preset time according to the DC bus voltage detection signal The ring network switch is opened.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system further includes:
  • a grid-connected voltage detection circuit the first detection terminal of the grid-connected voltage detection circuit is connected to the high-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer, and the second detection terminal of the grid-connected voltage detection circuit is connected to the medium-voltage grid side;
  • Grid-connected voltage detection circuit used to detect the line voltage on the high-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer and the line voltage on the medium-voltage grid side, and generate a grid-connected voltage detection signal;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller is also used to control the grid-connected condition when it is determined that the current line voltage on the high-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer and the line voltage on the medium-voltage grid side meet the grid-connected conditions according to the grid-connected voltage detection signal.
  • the ring network switch is closed.
  • the grid connection condition is that the phase, phase sequence, and amplitude of the line voltage on the high voltage side of the medium voltage transformer and the line voltage on the medium voltage grid side are the same.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system further includes an ambient light sensor, the output end of the ambient light sensor is connected to the inverter grid-connected controller, and the ambient light sensor is used to detect ambient light. , And output the ambient light detection signal;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller is further configured to control the ring network switch to open when it is determined according to the ambient light detection signal that the current ambient light is less than a preset threshold.
  • the inverter grid-connected controller is also used to control the closing of the ring network switch when a reactive power transmission signal is received.
  • the ring network switch is any one of a ring network medium voltage circuit breaker, a medium voltage load switch, or a medium voltage contactor.
  • This application also proposes a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a medium voltage power system and a plurality of medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems as described above.
  • each of the plurality of medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected systems includes: a photovoltaic inverter, and a direct current input end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected to a direct current bus;
  • a medium-voltage transformer, the low-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer is connected to the AC output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter;
  • the input terminal of the ring network switch is connected to the high voltage side of the medium voltage transformer, the ring network switch has two output terminals for each phase, and each output terminal is connected to the grid of another medium voltage photovoltaic The ring network switch connection of the system;
  • An inverter grid-connected controller is connected to the controlled end of the ring network switch, and the inverter grid-connected controller is used to control the opening/closing of the ring network switch to realize off-grid/grid-connected;
  • the plurality of medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems are connected to each other through the output ends of the respective ring network switches.
  • This application connects the AC output side of the photovoltaic inverter with the low-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer, the high-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer is connected to a ring network switch, and the output side of the ring network switch is connected to the medium-voltage network, thus forming a ring-based
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system of the grid switch can be directly connected to the ring network, which can reduce the use of the ring network cabinet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an embodiment of the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system in this application.
  • Label name Label name 10 Photovoltaic inverter 40 DC bus voltage detection circuit 20 Medium voltage transformer 50 Grid-connected voltage detection circuit 30 Inverter grid-connected controller K10 Ring network switch
  • This application proposes a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system, which is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, and the photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected systems.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system includes:
  • a photovoltaic inverter 10 the DC input end of the photovoltaic inverter 10 is connected to a DC bus;
  • a medium-voltage transformer 20, the low-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer 20 is connected to the AC output terminal of the photovoltaic inverter 10;
  • Ring network switch K10 the input terminal of the ring network switch K10 is connected to the high voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20, and the output terminal of the ring network switch K10 is connected to another ring network switch of the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected system K10 connection;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is connected to the controlled end of the ring network switch K10, and the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is used to control the opening/closing of the ring network switch K10 to achieve disconnection.
  • Grid/Grid-connected is connected to the controlled end of the ring network switch K10, and the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is used to control the opening/closing of the ring network switch K10 to achieve disconnection.
  • the inverter converts the DC power generated by the solar cell or the DC power released by the battery into the AC power required by the load.
  • the number of inverters can be multiple, and the AC side of each inverter 1 can be directly connected in parallel, or other devices, such as switches, can be provided.
  • the medium voltage transformer 20 is used to complete the step-up process from low voltage to medium voltage. Depending on the system, the transformation ratio, voltage level, power level, and type of the transformer will also be different; the transformer can be a double split transformer or For dual-winding transformers, there is no specific limitation here.
  • the ring network switch K10 can be any of a ring network medium voltage circuit breaker, a medium voltage load switch or a medium voltage contactor.
  • the ring network switch K10 includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned switches that can realize grid connection/disconnection. In other embodiments, other ring network switches K10 can also be used. There is no restriction here. And between photovoltaic power generation systems, the same or different ring network switches K10 can be used.
  • the ring network switch K10 is implemented as a ring network medium voltage circuit breaker as an example for description. Each phase of the output end of the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker has two wiring terminals.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system composed of the medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system.
  • Multiple medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems are directly connected to each other by bus cables through the output terminals of the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker.
  • the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is connected with the medium voltage power system to form a ring network.
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 can realize by controlling the loop network switch K10 to close when the photovoltaic power generation system needs to be connected to the grid according to various detection signals in the photovoltaic power generation system, or it can be used when necessary.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system is off-grid, it is realized by controlling the ring network switch K10 to open.
  • the AC output side of the photovoltaic inverter 10 is connected to the low voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20, the high voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20 is connected to a ring network switch K10, and the output side of the ring network switch K10 is connected to the medium voltage network.
  • a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system based on the ring network switch K10 is formed, so that it can be directly connected to the ring network.
  • the use of the ring network cabinet is reduced.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system further includes:
  • the DC bus voltage detection circuit 40 is used to detect the voltage of the DC bus and generate a DC bus voltage detection signal;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is further configured to control the ring network switch K10 to open when it is determined according to the DC bus voltage detection signal that the voltage of the DC bus is less than a first preset voltage threshold.
  • the DC bus voltage detection circuit 40 can be implemented by using a DC voltage transformer.
  • the DC bus voltage detection circuit 40 detects the DC bus voltage Udc at the input end of the photovoltaic inverter 10 and sends the generated DC bus voltage detection signal to the inverter grid-connected controller 30.
  • the first preset voltage threshold is the lowest grid-connected voltage.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 10 When the value of the DC bus voltage Udc is less than the lowest grid-connected voltage, the photovoltaic inverter 10 enters a standby state, and the inverter grid-connected controller 30 gives the ring network medium voltage
  • the circuit breaker sends an opening instruction, the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker opens, and the medium voltage grid-connected inverter system based on the ring network switch K10 is off the grid.
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is further configured to determine, according to the DC bus voltage detection signal, that the voltage of the DC bus is less than a first preset voltage threshold for a first preset time Then, control the ring network switch K10 to open.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 10 enters a standby state, and the inverter grid-connected controller 30 Send the opening instruction to the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker, the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker opens, and the medium voltage grid-connected inverter system based on the ring network switch K10 is off the grid.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system further includes:
  • the grid-connected voltage detection circuit 50 the first detection terminal of the grid-connected voltage detection circuit 50 is connected to the high-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20, and the second detection terminal of the grid-connected voltage detection circuit 50 is connected to the medium-voltage grid side Connection; the grid-connected voltage detection circuit 50, used to detect the line voltage on the high-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20 and the line voltage on the medium-voltage grid side, and generate a grid-connected voltage detection signal;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is also used to control the grid connection condition when the current line voltage on the high-voltage side of the medium-voltage transformer 20 and the line voltage on the medium-voltage grid side meet the grid-connected condition according to the grid-connected voltage detection signal.
  • the ring network switch K10 is closed.
  • the grid-connected grid detection circuit detects the line voltage of the high-voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20 U and the line voltage U'on the medium-voltage grid side, and then send the grid-connected voltage detection signal to the inverter grid-connected controller 30. If the inverter grid-connected controller 30 determines that the grid-connected condition is met, it sends a closing instruction to the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker to close the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker, and the inverter realizes grid connection.
  • the grid connection condition is that the phase, phase sequence, and amplitude of the line voltage on the high voltage side of the medium voltage transformer 20 and the line voltage on the medium voltage grid side are the same.
  • the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system further includes an ambient light sensor (not shown in the figure), and the output end of the ambient light sensor is grid-connected with the inverter
  • the controller 30 is connected, and the ambient light sensor is used to detect ambient light and output an ambient light detection signal;
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is also configured to control the ring network switch K10 to open when it is determined according to the ambient light detection signal that the current ambient light is less than a preset threshold.
  • the ambient light sensor is used to detect the light intensity of the ambient light.
  • the ambient light sensor can be realized by using a photosensitive element, and output signals of different levels according to the relationship between the light intensity and the set intensity threshold, such as: When the light intensity is less than the intensity threshold, it outputs a low level. When the light intensity is greater than or equal to the intensity threshold, it outputs a high level, so that the inverter grid-connected controller 30 can receive a level signal corresponding to the light intensity, and According to the corresponding level signal, it is determined whether the current ambient light is a sunny day with strong light or a night with weak light or a rainy day.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 10 When detecting that the current ambient light is weak, the photovoltaic inverter 10 enters a standby state, the inverter grid-connected controller 30 sends an opening instruction to the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker, and the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker opens based on the ring network
  • the medium-voltage grid-connected inverter system of switch K10 is off-grid, so that at night or cloudy days, when the photovoltaic system is not generating electricity, the inverter is in a standby state, and the control circuit disconnects the medium-voltage circuit breaker, so that the medium-voltage transformer 20 is connected to the grid Disconnect, eliminating the no-load loss of the transformer.
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 is also used to control the loop network switch K10 to close when receiving a reactive power transmission signal.
  • the inverter grid-connected controller 30 may also receive the reactive power transmission signal, and the controller may receive the night reactive power transmission signal (SVG work instruction) issued by the superior power grid dispatching center.
  • SVG work instruction the night reactive power transmission signal issued by the superior power grid dispatching center.
  • the inverter is connected to the grid, so as to achieve medium-voltage grid-connected and reactive power output; when the night SVG function is stopped, the inverter grid-connected controller 30 can send an opening instruction to the ring network medium-voltage circuit breaker, The ring network medium voltage circuit breaker is opened, and the medium voltage grid-connected inverter system based on the ring network switch K10 is off the grid. In this way, when reactive power needs to be sent to the grid, the medium voltage transformer 20 can be connected to the grid. The no-load loss of the ring network medium voltage transformer 20 is avoided, and the power loss of the system is much smaller than the conventional solution in the prior art.
  • This application also proposes a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a medium voltage power system and a plurality of medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems as described above.
  • the detailed structure of the medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system can refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here; it is understandable that since the above-mentioned medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is used in the photovoltaic power generation system of this application,
  • the embodiments of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present application include all the technical solutions of all the embodiments of the above-mentioned medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system, and the technical effects achieved are also completely the same, which will not be repeated here.
  • a plurality of the medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems are connected to each other through the output terminals of respective ring network medium voltage circuit breakers.
  • multiple medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems are directly connected to each other by bus cables through the output terminals of the ring network switch.
  • the ring network switch of a medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is connected to the medium-voltage power system, and finally a ring network is formed.
  • the middle voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems are connected to each other through the output terminals of the ring network medium voltage circuit breaker and the bus cable, and the two outermost medium voltage photovoltaic systems
  • the ring switch of the grid-connected inverter system is connected to the medium-voltage power system, and finally a ring network is formed between each medium-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system.
  • the two output terminals and the adjacent medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system When an open circuit is formed, that is, when off the grid, the two output terminals and the adjacent medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system also form a ring network connection, that is, when a single medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is off the grid , Will not affect the ring network connection between other medium voltage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems.

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Abstract

一种中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统，该光伏发电系统包括多个中压光伏并网系统，该中压光伏并网逆变系统包括：光伏逆变器（10），光伏逆变器（10）的直流输入端与直流母线连接；中压变压器（20），中压变压器（20）的低压侧与光伏逆变器（10）的交流输出端连接；环网开关（K10），环网开关（K10）的输入端子与中压变压器（20）的高压侧连接，环网开关（K10）每相有两个输出端子，每个与另一中压光伏并网系统的环网开关（K10）连接；逆变器并网控制器（30），与环网开关（K10）的受控端连接，逆变器并网控制器（30）用于控制环网开关（K10）分闸/合闸，以实现脱网/并网，进而能够在取消环网柜的情况下，实现光伏逆变系统中压并网。

Description

中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统
本申请要求于2020年03月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202020440999.2、发明名称为“中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光伏发电技术领域，特别涉及一种中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统。
背景技术
大型光伏电站中的光伏并网发电系统，通常是光伏逆变器通过低压接触器、断路器并入低压电网，然后通过升压变压器并入中压电网。在对光伏并网可靠性要求较高的电站中，在升压变压器和电网间还会连接环网柜，从而实现多个光伏逆变单元环网连接。
例如现有的技术方案《一种中压光伏并网系统及其控制方法与方阵单元》，将多台逆变器并联，接入中压变压器的低压侧，然后和中压断路器、电操机构、中压状态监测模块、控制模块、电缆开关等构成一个中压光伏并网逆变系统的方阵单元。通过电缆开关，将多个方阵单元连接，形成“手拉手”型环网系统。该技术方案中，为了减少电网短时掉电后上电瞬间变压器励磁涌流对电网的冲击，将多台逆变器并联接入一台中压变压器，形成方阵单元，从而减少了光伏系统中变压器的数量。同时利用CCV环网柜将多个方阵单元环网连接，在中压状态监测模块监测到电网掉电后，控制模块发指令使中压断路器断开。在电网重新上电时，通过控制模块来使中压断路器依据预设的时长延时闭合，使多个方阵单元分批接入电网，从而降低变压器励磁涌流对电网的冲击。
上述方案虽然在一定程度上实现了光伏逆变系统的中压并网，然而通过环网柜进行环网供电，设备体积会增加，不利于安装，并且成本较高。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是提出一种中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统，旨在在取消环网柜的情况下，实现中压并网。
为实现上述目的，本申请提出一种中压光伏并网逆变系统，应用于光伏发电系统中，所述光伏发电系统包括多个所述中压光伏并网系统，所述中压光伏 并网逆变系统包括：
光伏逆变器，所述光伏逆变器的直流输入端与直流母线连接；
中压变压器，所述中压变压器的低压侧与所述光伏逆变器的交流输出端连接；
环网开关，所述环网开关的输入端子与所述中压变压器的高压侧连接，所述环网开关每相有两个输出端子，每个输出端子与另一所述中压光伏并网系统的环网开关连接；
逆变器并网控制器，与所述环网开关的受控端连接，所述逆变器并网控制器用于控制所述环网开关分闸/合闸，以实现脱网/并网。
可选地，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括：
直流母线电压检测电路，所述直流母线电压检测电路的检测端与所述直流母线连接，所述直流母线电压检测电路的输出端与所述逆变器并网控制器连接；所述直流母线电压检测电路用于检测所述直流母线的电压，并生成直流母线电压检测信号；
所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据所述直流母线电压检测信号确定所述直流母线的电压小于第一预设电压阈值时，控制所述环网开关分闸。
可选地，所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据所述直流母线电压检测信号确定所述直流母线的电压小于第一预设电压阈值并持续第一预设时间后，控制所述环网开关分闸。
可选地，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括：
并网电压检测电路，所述并网电压检测电路的第一检测端与所述中压变压器高压侧连接，所述并网电压检测电路的第二检测端与中压电网侧连接；所述并网电压检测电路，用于检测所述中压变压器高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压，并生成并网电压检测信号；
所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据并网电压检测信号确定当前中压变压器高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压满足并网条件时，控制所述环网开关合闸。
可选地，所述并网条件为，中压变压器高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压相位、相序及幅值均相同。
可选地，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括环境光传感器，所述环境光传感器的输出端与所述逆变器并网控制器连接，所述环境光传感器用于检测环境光，并输出环境光检测信号；
所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据所述环境光检测信号确定当前环境光小于预设阈值时，控制所述环网开关分闸。
可选地，所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在接收到无功输送信号时，控制所述环网开关合闸。
可选地，所述环网开关为环网中压断路器、中压负荷开关或者中压接触器中的任意一种。
本申请还提出一种光伏发电系统，所述光伏发电系统包括中压电力系统及多个如上所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统。
可选地，多个所述中压光伏并网系统均包括：光伏逆变器，所述光伏逆变器的直流输入端与直流母线连接；
中压变压器，所述中压变压器的低压侧与所述光伏逆变器的交流输出端连接；
环网开关，所述环网开关的输入端子与所述中压变压器的高压侧连接，所述环网开关每相有两个输出端子，每个输出端子与另一所述中压光伏并网系统的环网开关连接；
逆变器并网控制器，与所述环网开关的受控端连接，所述逆变器并网控制器用于控制所述环网开关分闸/合闸，以实现脱网/并网；
多个所述中压光伏并网逆变系统通过各自的环网开关的输出端相互连接。
本申请将光伏逆变器的交流输出侧与中压变压器的低压侧相连，中压变压器的高压侧接一台环网开关，环网开关输出侧接入中压电网，从而构成一个基于环网开关的中压光伏并网逆变系统，如此即可实现可直接进行环网连接，可以减少环网柜的使用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付 出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请中压光伏并网逆变系统一实施例的电路结构示意图；
图2为本申请中光伏发电系统一实施例的电路结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 光伏逆变器 40 直流母线电压检测电路
20 中压变压器 50 并网电压检测电路
30 逆变器并网控制器 K10 环网开关
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，若本申请实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本申请实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
本申请提出一种中压光伏并网逆变系统，应用于光伏发电系统中，所述光伏发电系统包括多个所述中压光伏并网系统。
参照图1及图2，在本申请一实施例中，该中压光伏并网逆变系统包括：
光伏逆变器10，所述光伏逆变器10的直流输入端与直流母线连接；
中压变压器20，所述中压变压器20的低压侧与所述光伏逆变器10的交流输出端连接；
环网开关K10，所述环网开关K10的输入端子与所述中压变压器20的高压侧连接，所述环网开关K10的输出端子与另一所述中压光伏并网系统的环网开关K10连接；
逆变器并网控制器30，与所述环网开关K10的受控端连接，所述逆变器并网控制器30用于控制所述环网开关K10分闸/合闸，以实现脱网/并网。
本实施例中，逆变器将太阳能电池产生的直流电源或电池释放的直流电源转换成负载所需的交流电源。逆变器的数量可以为多个，各个逆变器1的交流侧可直接并联连接，也可以设置其他器件，比如开关等。中压变压器20用于完成低压至中压的升压过程，根据系统的不同，变压器的变比、电压等级、功率等级、类型也将有所不同；该变压器可以是双分裂变压器，也可以是双绕组变压器，此处不做具体限定。环网开关K10可以是环网中压断路器、中压负荷开关或者中压接触器中的任意一种。可以理解的是，本实施例中，环网开关K10包括但不限于上述例举的各种可以实现并网/脱网的开关，在其他实施例中还可以采用其他环网开关K10来实现，此处不做限制。并且在光伏发电系统之间，可以采用相同或者不同的环网开关K10。本实施例以环网开关K10采用环网中压断路器来实现为例进行说明。该环网中压断路器输出端的每相都有两个接线端子。由该中压光伏并网逆变系统组成的光伏发电系统，多个中压光伏并网逆变系统通过环网中压断路器的输出端子，用母线电缆直接互相连接，最外侧的两个中压光伏并网逆变系统的环网中压断路器则与中压电力系统连接，最后形成环网。
具体的，该逆变器并网控制器30能够根据光伏发电系统中各种检测信号，在需要使该光伏发电系统进行并网时，通过控制环网开关K10合闸来实现，或者在需要使该光伏发电系统进行脱网时，通过控制环网开关K10分闸来实现。
本申请将光伏逆变器10的交流输出侧与中压变压器20的低压侧相连，中压变压器20的高压侧接一台环网开关K10，环网开关K10输出侧接入中压电网，从而构成一个基于环网开关K10的中压光伏并网逆变系统，如此即可实现可直接进行环网连接，相较于通过环网柜进行环网供电，减少环网柜的使用。
参照图1及图2，在一实施例中，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括：
直流母线电压检测电路40，所述直流母线电压检测电路40的检测端与所述直流母线连接，所述直流母线电压检测电路40的输出端与所述逆变器并网控制器30连接；所述直流母线电压检测电路40用于检测所述直流母线的电压，并生成直流母线电压检测信号；
所述逆变器并网控制器30，还用于在根据所述直流母线电压检测信号确定所述直流母线的电压小于第一预设电压阈值时，控制所述环网开关K10分闸。
本实施例中，直流母线电压检测电路40可以采用直流电压互感器来实现。直流母线电压检测电路40检测光伏逆变器10输入端的直流母线电压Udc，并将生成的直流母线电压检测信号发送给逆变器并网控制器30。其中，第一预设电压阈值为最低并网电压，当直流母线电压Udc的值小于最低并网电压时，光伏逆变器10进入待机状态，逆变器并网控制器30给环网中压断路器发送分闸指令，环网中压断路器分闸，基于环网开关K10的中压并网逆变系统脱网。
在一实施例中，所述逆变器并网控制器30，还用于在根据所述直流母线电压检测信号确定所述直流母线的电压小于第一预设电压阈值并持续第一预设时间后，控制所述环网开关K10分闸。
可以理解的是，在光伏电池组件或蓄电池向直流母线输送电能时，可能会出现电压波动，使得直流母线电压检测电路40检测到直流母线电压Udc的值小于最低并网电压仅仅出现较短的时间，若此时逆变器并网控制器30给环网中压断路器发送分闸指令则可能会出现误动作。为此，本实施例中，当直流母线电压Udc的值小于最低并网电压并持续一段时间(第一预设时间)时，光伏逆变器10进入待机状态，逆变器并网控制器30给环网中压断路器发送分闸指令，环网中压断路器分闸，基于环网开关K10的中压并网逆变系统脱网。
参照图1及图2，在一实施例中，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括：
并网电压检测电路50，所述并网电压检测电路50的第一检测端与所述中压变压器20高压侧连接，所述并网电压检测电路50的第二检测端与中压电网侧连接；所述并网电压检测电路50，用于检测所述中压变压器20高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压，并生成并网电压检测信号；
所述逆变器并网控制器30，还用于在根据并网电压检测信号确定当前中压变压器20高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压满足并网条件时，控制所述环网开关K10合闸。
本实施例中，当基于环网开关K10的中压光伏并网逆变系统处于脱网状态时，光伏逆变器10启动后，并压电网检测电路检测中压变压器20高压侧的线电压U和中压电网侧的线电压U＇，然后将并网电压检测信号发送给逆变器并网控制器30。若逆变器并网控制器30判断符合并网条件，则给环网中压断路器发送合闸指令，使环网中压断路器合闸，逆变器实现并网。其中，所述并网条件为，中压变压器20高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压相位、相序及幅值均相同。
参照图1及图2，在一实施例中，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括环境光传感器(图未标示)，所述环境光传感器的输出端与所述逆变器并网控制器30连接，所述环境光传感器用于检测环境光，并输出环境光检测信号；
所述逆变器并网控制器30，还用于在根据所述环境光检测信号确定当前环境光小于预设阈值时，控制所述环网开关K10分闸。
本实施例中，环境光传感器用于检测环境光的光照强度，环境光传感器可以采用光敏元件来实现，根据光照强度与设定的强度阈值之间的大小关系输出不同电平信号，比如：当光照强度小于强度阈值时，输出低电平，当光照强度大于或者等于强度阈值时，输出高电平，从而使逆变器并网控制器30能够接收到与光照强度对应的电平信号，并根据对应的电平信号，确定当前环境光为光照较强的晴天还是光照较弱的夜间或者阴雨天。在检测当前环境光较弱时，光伏逆变器10进入待机状态，逆变器并网控制器30给环网中压断路器发送分闸指令，环网中压断路器分闸，基于环网开关K10的中压并网逆变系统脱网， 从而在夜间或阴天，光伏系统不发电时，逆变器处于待机状态，控制电路使中压断路器断开，使中压变压器20与电网断开，消除了变压器的空载损耗。
参照图1及图2，在一实施例中，所述逆变器并网控制器30，还用于在接收到无功输送信号时，控制所述环网开关K10合闸。
本实施例中，逆变器并网控制器30还可以接收无功输送信号，该控制器可以是在接收到上级电网调度中心下发的夜间无功输送信号(SVG工作指令)。当夜间需要光伏逆变器10向电网发送无功时，逆变器并网控制器30根据无功输送信号给环网中压断路器发送合闸指令，使环网中压断路器合闸，逆变器实现并网，从而实现中压并网并进行无功功率输出；当停止夜间SVG功能时，则可以使逆变器并网控制器30给环网中压断路器发送分闸指令，环网中压断路器分闸，基于环网开关K10的中压并网逆变系统脱网。如此，即可在需要给电网发送无功时，又可以使中压变压器20并网。避免了环网中压变压器20的空载损耗，系统损耗电能相比现有技术中的常规方案要小很多。
本申请还提出一种光伏发电系统，所述光伏发电系统包括中压电力系统及多个如上所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统。该中压光伏并网逆变系统的详细结构可参照上述实施例，此处不再赘述；可以理解的是，由于在本申请光伏发电系统中使用了上述中压光伏并网逆变系统，因此，本申请光伏发电系统的实施例包括上述中压光伏并网逆变系统全部实施例的全部技术方案，且所达到的技术效果也完全相同，在此不再赘述。
参照图1及图2，在一实施例中，多个所述中压光伏并网逆变系统通过各自的环网中压断路器的输出端相互连接。
本实施例中，由该中压光伏并网逆变系统组成的光伏发电系统，多个中压光伏并网逆变系统通过环网开关的输出端子，用母线电缆直接互相连接，最外侧的两个中压光伏并网逆变系统的环网开关则与中压电力系统连接，最后形成环网。
具体地，在形成环网，也即并网时，中间的多个中压光伏并网逆变系统通过环网中压断路器的输出端子以及母线电缆互相连接，最外侧的两个中压光伏并网逆变系统的环网开关则与中压电力系统连接，最后各个中压光伏并网逆变 系统之间形成环网。
在形成断路，也即脱网时，两个输出端子与相邻的中压光伏并网逆变系统之间还形成环网连接，也即在单个的中压光伏并网逆变系统脱网时，不会影响其他中压光伏并网逆变系统之间的环网连接。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的申请构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种中压光伏并网逆变系统，应用于光伏发电系统中，所述光伏发电系统包括多个所述中压光伏并网系统，其特征在于，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统包括：
    光伏逆变器，所述光伏逆变器的直流输入端与直流母线连接；
    中压变压器，所述中压变压器的低压侧与所述光伏逆变器的交流输出端连接；
    环网开关，所述环网开关的输入端子与所述中压变压器的高压侧连接，所述环网开关每相有两个输出端子，每个输出端子与另一所述中压光伏并网系统的环网开关连接；
    逆变器并网控制器，与所述环网开关的受控端连接，所述逆变器并网控制器用于控制所述环网开关分闸/合闸，以实现脱网/并网。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括：
    直流母线电压检测电路，所述直流母线电压检测电路的检测端与所述直流母线连接，所述直流母线电压检测电路的输出端与所述逆变器并网控制器连接；所述直流母线电压检测电路用于检测所述直流母线的电压，并生成直流母线电压检测信号；
    所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据所述直流母线电压检测信号确定所述直流母线的电压小于第一预设电压阈值时，控制所述环网开关分闸。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据所述直流母线电压检测信号确定所述直流母线的电压小于第一预设电压阈值并持续第一预设时间后，控制所述环网开关分闸。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括：
    并网电压检测电路，所述并网电压检测电路的第一检测端与所述中压变压器高压侧连接，所述并网电压检测电路的第二检测端与中压电网侧连接；所述并网电压检测电路，用于检测所述中压变压器高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网 侧的线电压，并生成并网电压检测信号；
    所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据并网电压检测信号确定当前中压变压器高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压满足并网条件时，控制所述环网开关合闸。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述并网条件为，中压变压器高压侧的线电压和所述中压电网侧的线电压相位、相序及幅值均相同。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述中压光伏并网逆变系统还包括环境光传感器，所述环境光传感器的输出端与所述逆变器并网控制器连接，所述环境光传感器用于检测环境光，并输出环境光检测信号；
    所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在根据所述环境光检测信号确定当前环境光小于预设阈值时，控制所述环网开关分闸。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述逆变器并网控制器，还用于在接收到无功输送信号时，控制所述环网开关合闸。
  8. 如权利要求1至7任意一项所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统，其特征在于，所述环网开关包括环网中压断路器和/或中压负荷开关和/或中压接触器。
  9. 一种光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述光伏发电系统包括中压电力系统及多个如权利要求1至8任意一项所述的中压光伏并网逆变系统。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，多个所述中压光伏并网系统均包括：光伏逆变器，所述光伏逆变器的直流输入端与直流母线连接；
    中压变压器，所述中压变压器的低压侧与所述光伏逆变器的交流输出端连接；
    环网开关，所述环网开关的输入端子与所述中压变压器的高压侧连接，所述环网开关每相有两个输出端子，每个输出端子与另一所述中压光伏并网系统的环网开关连接；
    逆变器并网控制器，与所述环网开关的受控端连接，所述逆变器并网控制器用于控制所述环网开关分闸/合闸，以实现脱网/并网；
    多个所述中压光伏并网逆变系统通过各自的环网开关的输出端相互连接。
PCT/CN2021/080993 2020-03-30 2021-03-16 中压光伏并网逆变系统及光伏发电系统 WO2021197045A1 (zh)

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