WO2021196729A1 - 电池模块、电池组、用电装置和失效处理方法 - Google Patents

电池模块、电池组、用电装置和失效处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196729A1
WO2021196729A1 PCT/CN2020/135945 CN2020135945W WO2021196729A1 WO 2021196729 A1 WO2021196729 A1 WO 2021196729A1 CN 2020135945 W CN2020135945 W CN 2020135945W WO 2021196729 A1 WO2021196729 A1 WO 2021196729A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
connecting piece
battery module
mating
conductive component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/135945
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈荣才
上官会会
周迪
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20922481.5A priority Critical patent/EP3923407A4/en
Publication of WO2021196729A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196729A1/zh
Priority to US17/565,911 priority patent/US20220123440A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular to a battery module, a battery pack, an electric device, and a failure processing method.
  • the present application provides a battery module, a battery pack, an electrical device, and a failure processing method, which can simplify the maintenance process of the battery module, reduce the maintenance cost, and improve the working efficiency of the battery module.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery module, and the battery module includes:
  • the connecting piece is used to connect a plurality of battery cells in series, and the connecting piece includes a first connecting piece connected to the failed battery unit;
  • At least one of the first connecting piece and the conductive component is provided with a mating portion, and the mating portion is used to cooperate with the other, so as to realize the electrical connection between the top cover of the failed battery cell and the first connecting piece through the conductive component, so as to Restore the battery module to work.
  • the conductive component is connected to the top cover of the failed battery unit and connected to the first connecting piece connected to the failed battery unit, so that the failed battery unit can be removed from the circuit of the battery module, so that the failed battery unit no longer participates in the battery module.
  • the failed battery unit does not affect the circuit of the battery module, and the failed battery unit is not in the circuit at all, which improves the safety of the battery module.
  • At least one of them is provided with a recessed portion, and the recessed portion is used to cooperate with the corresponding matching portion to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the recessed portion is a through hole, and at least a part of the mating portion can be clipped to the through hole to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the conductive component is provided with one or more mating parts, and the mating parts are used to cooperate with the first connecting piece to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the mating portion is used to cooperate with the first connecting piece, so as to realize the electrical connection between the top cover of the failed battery cell and the first connecting piece through the conductive component, so that the battery module can resume operation.
  • the conductive component is connected to the top cover of the failed battery cell through the connecting portion.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes:
  • Box body the box body forms an accommodating cavity
  • Battery module the battery module is the above battery module
  • the battery module is located in the accommodating cavity.
  • an electrical device including: according to the above battery pack, the battery pack is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a failure processing method for processing failed battery cells.
  • the failed battery cell is connected to a first connecting piece, and one of the first connecting piece and the conductive component is provided with a mating part.
  • the failure processing method include:
  • the mating part is matched with the other of the first connecting piece and the conductive member, so as to realize the connection between the top cover of the failed battery cell and the first connecting piece through the conductive member, so that the battery module can resume operation.
  • the mating part extends toward the other.
  • the failure handling method includes:
  • the failure processing method when the mating portion is matched with the other of the first connecting piece and the conductive component, the failure processing method includes:
  • the mating part is clamped to the other to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the failure processing method includes:
  • the concave portion is matched with the matching portion to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the recessed portion is a through hole.
  • the failure processing method includes:
  • At least part of the mating part is extended toward the other through the through hole, so that the mating part and the other are clamped to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the recessed portion is a through hole.
  • the failure processing method includes:
  • At least part of the mating part is clamped to the through hole to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the conductive component further includes a connecting portion.
  • the failure processing method includes:
  • the connecting part is connected with the top cover of the failed battery cell through a conductive material.
  • the conductive component is connected to the top cover of the failed battery unit and connected to the first connecting piece connected to the failed battery unit, so that the failed battery unit can be removed from the circuit of the battery module, so that the failed battery unit is not Participate in the charging and discharging process of the battery module, that is, the failed battery cell does not affect the circuit of the battery module, and the failed battery cell is not in the circuit at all, which improves the safety of the battery module.
  • the conductive component is connected to the top cover of the failed battery unit and connected to the first connecting piece connected to the failed battery unit, so that the failed battery unit can be removed from the circuit of the battery module, so that the failed battery unit is not Participate in the charging and discharging process of the battery module, that is, the failed battery cell does not affect the circuit of the battery module, and the failed battery cell is not in the circuit at all, which improves the safety of the battery module.
  • the conductive component in the process of disposing of the failed battery unit, only simple connections are required through the conductive components, and the entire battery module
  • the conductive component and the first connecting piece can be connected through a mating portion, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the two, and the conductive component and the first connecting piece are connected by a mechanical connection, and the two do not need to be connected. Welding can prevent excessive temperature from damaging the components of the battery module during the welding process, and improve the service life of the battery module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an embodiment of this application in a specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack in FIG. 1 in a specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is a top view of the battery module in Fig. 2 in a specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of the battery module in Fig. 3 with failed battery cells.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of part III in Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive component in FIG. 7 in the first specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a side view of Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a top view of Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the first connecting piece in Fig. 7 in a first specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive component in Fig. 7 in a second specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive component in FIG. 7 in a third specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 14 is a side view of Fig. 13.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting piece in Fig. 7 in a second specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting piece in Fig. 7 in a third specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive component in FIG. 7 in a fourth specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive component in FIG. 7 in a fifth specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 19 is a partial enlarged view of part I in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 21 is a partial enlarged view of part IV in Fig. 20.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electric device, a battery pack, and a battery module that use a battery unit as a power source.
  • the electric device may be a mobile device such as a vehicle, a ship, or a small aircraft, and the electric device includes a power source.
  • the power source is used to provide driving power to the electric device, and the power source may be configured as a battery module that provides electric energy to the electric device.
  • the driving force of the electric device may be all electric energy, or may include electric energy and other energy sources (for example, mechanical energy), and the power source may be a battery module (or battery pack).
  • the electrical device may also be an energy storage device such as a battery cabinet, and the battery cabinet may include a plurality of battery modules (or battery packs), so that the battery cabinet can output electric energy. Therefore, as long as the electric device that can use the battery unit as a power source is within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the electric device D in the embodiment of the present application may be a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle.
  • the vehicle may include a battery pack M and a vehicle body.
  • the battery pack M is disposed on the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle body is also provided with a drive motor.
  • the drive motor is electrically connected to the battery pack M.
  • the battery pack M provides electrical energy to drive the motor.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected with the wheels on the vehicle body to drive the vehicle to travel.
  • the battery pack M may be horizontally arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • the battery pack M includes a box M1 and a battery module M2 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the box M1 has a accommodating cavity M13, and the battery module M2 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity M13.
  • the number of battery modules M2 There may be one or more, and a plurality of battery modules M2 are arranged in the accommodating cavity M13.
  • the type of the box M1 is not limited, and can be a frame-shaped box, a disk-shaped box, or a box-shaped box.
  • the box body M1 may include a lower box body M12 that accommodates the battery module M2 and an upper box body M11 that is closed with the lower box body M12.
  • the length direction X, width direction Y, and height direction Z mentioned in this article are defined on the basis of the battery cell, where the length direction X refers to the thickness direction of the battery cell, and the width direction Y refers to The width direction of the battery cell, and the width direction Y and the length direction X are perpendicular to each other (the two are approximately perpendicular) and are located on the same plane.
  • the height direction Z refers to the extending direction of the electrode terminals in the battery cell, and in the battery module ,
  • the length direction X, the width direction Y, and the height direction Z are perpendicular to each other (the three are approximately perpendicular), that is, the height direction Z is perpendicular to the plane formed by the width direction Y and the length direction X.
  • the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells and a frame structure for fixing the battery cells, wherein the plurality of battery cells can be stacked on each other along the length direction X.
  • the frame structure may include end plates, which are located at both ends of the battery unit along the length direction X, and are used to restrict the movement of the battery unit along the length direction X.
  • the frame structure may further include Side panels, the side panels are located on both sides of the battery unit in the width direction Y, and the side panels are connected with the end panels to form a frame structure; in another embodiment, the frame structure may not be provided with side panels, and the battery cells are stacked Then, the end plate and the cable tie form the above-mentioned frame structure by connecting the first cable tie or connecting the first cable tie and the second cable tie.
  • the battery pack may include a box body and a plurality of battery cells, wherein the box body has an accommodating cavity, and the plurality of battery cells are located in the accommodating cavity and can be connected to the box body, specifically, The battery unit can be pasted on the inner wall of the box through structural glue.
  • each battery cell is continuously charged and discharged, and the battery cell has a problem (such as abnormal capacity attenuation), which causes the battery cell to fail to work normally. Therefore, in this article, there will be a faulty battery cell that cannot work normally. It is defined as a failed battery unit, and a battery unit that can work normally without failure is defined as a non-failed battery unit.
  • a battery unit that can work normally without failure is defined as a non-failed battery unit.
  • the embodiment of the present application solves the technical problem by removing the failed battery cell from the circuit of the battery module and forming the circuit again.
  • the battery unit mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may include the following two situations.
  • the first one when the battery module is connected in series by multiple battery cells, the battery unit in the embodiment of the present application may be a single The battery cell, correspondingly, the failed battery cell may be one of the failed battery cells.
  • the second type when the battery module includes at least one parallel group formed by two or more battery cells in parallel, the battery unit in the embodiment of the present application may be a parallel group, and accordingly, the failed battery unit is one of the parallel groups.
  • the parallel group includes at least one failed battery cell.
  • the battery unit involved in the embodiment of the present application may be a soft pack battery, or may be a square battery or a cylindrical battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery module M2.
  • the battery module M2 can work normally.
  • the battery module M2 includes a plurality of battery cells 1, and each battery cell 1 includes a top cover. 12 and the electrode terminal 11, and the electrode terminal 11 includes a first electrode terminal 111 and a second electrode terminal 112 with opposite polarities, and the electrode terminal 11 is disposed on the top cover 12 of the battery cell 1.
  • the battery module M2 also includes a connecting piece 2 for connecting the electrode terminals 11 of the plurality of battery cells 1 to connect the plurality of battery cells 1 in series.
  • the failed battery module M2 in the embodiment of the present application fails, as shown in FIG. 4, the failed battery module M2 includes a plurality of non-failed battery units 14 and at least one failed battery unit 13.
  • the connection of the battery module M2 Sheet 2 includes a first connecting sheet 21 and a second connecting sheet 22.
  • the first connecting sheet 21 is used to connect to the failed battery cell 13 and the non-failed battery cell 14, and the second connecting sheet 22 is used to connect to two non-failed battery cells.
  • the battery unit 14 is connected.
  • the battery module M2 also includes a conductive component 3, which is a component capable of conducting electricity to achieve electrical connection, wherein the conductive component 3 is used to connect to the top cover 12 of the failed battery cell 13 and to The connecting piece 21 is connected, so that the top cover 12 of the failed battery cell 13 and the first connecting piece 21 can be electrically connected through the conductive member 3, and after the connection, the failed battery cell 13 can be short-circuited, so that the battery module M2 can resume operation , wherein, resuming operation means that the battery module M2 can be charged or discharged normally.
  • the repair process needs to return the failed battery pack (battery pack containing the failed battery unit) to the factory for matching the corresponding battery unit or battery module, or send the corresponding battery unit model or battery module model to the manufacturer . This process requires a lot of time to wait, which is not conducive to the optimization of resources.
  • the above-mentioned processing method conforms to the processing method in most fields, that is, replacing the failed component or structure, so as to restore the overall structure to work. Therefore, at maintenance points in most areas, samples of components that are prone to failure will be prepared, and simple related testing equipment will be prepared. If it is a failure of a component that is not prone to failure, or a component that is not easy to store and place, the repair point needs to call the component from the manufacturer to be able to replace and repair the component. If you encounter more complicated repair methods, you also need to request technical support from the corresponding technicians from the manufacturer.
  • battery cells account for a large proportion of the failed components of battery packs, but there are many difficulties in preparing battery cells.
  • battery cells are not parts that can be stored for a long time. The reasons are as follows: 1. There are many types of battery cells. There are differences in size, capacity, chemical system, structure, etc.; 2. The battery cell will self-discharge when placed for a long time. The longer the time, the capacity balance between the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell will be gradually broken. And deepen; 3. When placed for a long time, the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte will also accumulate some irreversible capacity loss. In addition, the storage conditions of the battery cells are also relatively high. If you do not pay attention to environmental factors, the self-discharge of the battery cells may also be accelerated.
  • a failed battery module refers to a battery module containing a failed battery cell.
  • This method can achieve faster maintenance.
  • a battery module includes multiple battery cells. In rare cases, all battery cells in a battery module fail; under normal circumstances, only a small number of battery cells in a battery module fail (for example, only one battery cell fails). If the battery unit fails), the battery module cannot work normally. At this time, replacing the entire battery module causes a waste of resources.
  • the replacement of a new battery module will also have a greater problem in battery balancing.
  • the capacity of the battery pack will be attenuated, and the capacity of the newly replaced battery module and the old battery module will have inconsistencies.
  • the capacity of the battery pack depends on the battery module with the lowest capacity, so the newly replaced battery module cannot play a very good role in the structure; Fully charged and discharged will speed up the end of the service life of the old battery module; in addition, the internal resistance of the old battery module is greater than that of the newly replaced battery module, and the old battery module and the newly replaced battery module flow the same current
  • the old battery module with larger internal resistance generates more heat, that is, the temperature of the battery cell in the old battery module is higher, and the battery cell deterioration speed is accelerated, which causes the internal resistance of the old battery module to further increase. Big. Therefore, the internal resistance and temperature rise of the battery unit form a pair of negative feedback, which accelerates the deterioration of the battery unit with
  • the short circuit is mainly used to realize the fuse blowing through the short circuit, or the load of other test equipment.
  • no one will add conductive parts to the corresponding structure to short-circuit the failed battery cells. From simple recognition, it will be considered that there is a big problem and cannot achieve the goal.
  • the entire battery module one of the batteries The short circuit of the unit will not cause a large change in capacity, thus ensuring the normal use of the battery pack.
  • the failed battery cell 13 is short-circuited by the conductive member 3, so that the failed battery cell 13 can no longer participate in the circuit of the battery module M2, that is, the failed battery cell 13 does not affect the battery module M2.
  • the circuit improves the safety of the battery module M2.
  • only a simple connection is required through the conductive component 3, and the entire battery module M2 does not need to be replaced.
  • the battery module M2 is applied to a vehicle, the vehicle can be directly repaired at the repair point without the need for the entire vehicle to be returned to the factory.
  • the battery pack M does not need to be replaced, thereby improving the maintenance efficiency of the battery module M2 and simplifying the maintenance process and maintenance cost.
  • the present invention has the advantages of convenient operation and high efficiency.
  • the above-mentioned connecting piece includes a first connecting piece 21, wherein the first connecting piece 21 is a connecting piece connected to the failed battery cell 13, and is connected to the first electrode terminal 111 of the failed battery cell 13.
  • the connecting strips connected to the second electrode terminal 112 are all the first connecting strips 21.
  • the two first connecting pieces 21 are connected to the top cover 12 of the failed battery cell 13 through the conductive member 3 so as to short-circuit the first electrode terminal 111 and the second electrode terminal 112 of the failed battery cell 13.
  • the solution specifically includes: (1) the first connecting piece 21 is provided with a mating portion 4 for mating with the conductive component 3; (2) the conductive component 3 is provided with a mating portion 4, the mating portion 4 is used for mating with the first connecting piece 21; (3) the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3 are both provided with a mating portion 4, wherein the mating portion 4 provided on the first connecting piece 21 is used for mating with the conductive component 3 , The mating portion 4 provided on the conductive component 3 is used for mating with the first connecting piece 21.
  • the solution of the embodiment of the present application can be any one of the above three solutions, and the above three solutions can all realize the connection between the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece 21, and at the same time, because the conductive component 3 is still It is connected to the top cover 12 of the failed battery unit, so that the connection between the top cover 12 of the failed battery unit and the first connecting piece 21 can be realized through the conductive member 3, so that the battery module can resume operation.
  • the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3 are specifically clamped and connected by the mating portion 4.
  • the above three solutions are as follows: (1) The mating portion 4 provided on the first connecting piece 21 Extend toward the direction of the conductive member 3, so that the mating portion 4 and the first connecting piece 21 clamp the conductive member 3; (2) the mating portion 4 provided on the conductive member 3 extends toward the direction of the first connecting piece 21, so as The mating portion 4 and the conductive member 3 clamp the first connecting piece 21; (3) The mating portion 4 provided on the first connecting piece 21 extends in the direction of the conductive member 3, so as to pass through the mating portion 4 and the first connecting piece 21 The conductive member 3 is clamped, and at the same time, the mating portion 4 provided on the conductive member 3 extends in the direction of the first connecting piece 21, so that the first connecting piece 21 is clamped by the mating portion 4 and the conductive member 3.
  • the connection area of the two is relatively large, so that the reliability of the mechanical connection between the two can be improved.
  • the above solution (3) can further improve the reliability of the connection between the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3.
  • the conductive member 3 is provided with the above-mentioned mating portion 4, and at least part of the mating portion 4 extends below the first connecting piece 2 so as to be clamped by the conductive member 3 and the mating portion 4.
  • At least one of the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3 is further provided with a recessed portion 5, wherein the recessed portion 5 is used to cooperate with the corresponding mating portion 4, so as to realize the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3 Connection between parts 3.
  • the first connecting piece 21 is provided with a matching portion 4, the conductive component 3 is provided with a recessed portion 5, and the matching portion 4 is used to cooperate with the recessed portion 5; (2) ) The conductive component 3 is provided with a mating portion 4, the first connecting piece 21 is provided with a recessed portion 5, and the matching portion 4 is used to cooperate with the recessed portion 5; (3) the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3 are both provided with a matching Both of them are provided with a recessed portion 5, wherein the matching portion 4 and the recessed portion 5 are provided correspondingly, so that the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3 are connected through the correspondingly provided matching portion 4 and the recessed portion 5.
  • the two can also be clamped and connected or clamped.
  • the reliability of the connection between the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3 can be further improved.
  • the conductive member 3 is provided with the above-mentioned mating part 4.
  • the first connecting piece 2 is provided with a recessed part 5, and at least part of the mating part 4 extends into the first Below the connecting piece 21, the mating portion 4 can be matched with the recessed portion 5. Therefore, in this embodiment, in addition to the clamping connection between the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3, the mating portion of the conductive member 3 4 is also matched with the recess 5 of the first connecting piece 21 to limit the relative movement of the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece 21, so as to further improve the connection reliability between the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece 21.
  • the mating portion 4 may specifically include a limiting hook 41 and an extension section 42.
  • the two ends of the extension section 42 are connected with the limiting hook 41 and the conductive component 3.
  • the hook 41 can extend under the first connecting piece 21 so as to clamp the first connecting piece 21 with the conductive member 3 through the limiting hook 41.
  • the recess 5 provided in the first connecting piece 21 may specifically be a through hole 51, and a part of the limiting hook 41 can also extend into the through hole 51, so that the limiting hook is limited by the side wall 511 of the through hole 51 The movement of 41 realizes the connection between the mating part 4 and the recessed part 5.
  • the conductive component 3 in the embodiment of the present application may further include a connecting portion 31 and a transition portion 32.
  • the connecting portion 31 is used for electrical connection with the top cover 12 of the failed battery unit 13.
  • the portion 32 connects the conductive member 3 and the connecting portion 31. Since the connecting portion 31 is used to connect to the top cover 12, there is a height difference between the connecting portion 31 and the conductive member 3 along the height direction Z of the battery cell. When 32 connects the two, the transition portion 32 extends substantially along the height direction Z of the battery cell.
  • the connecting portion 31 and the top cover 12 are specifically connected by a conductive material.
  • the conductive member 3 may specifically have the structure shown in FIGS. 8-10, and the first connecting piece 21 may specifically have the structure shown in FIG. 11, as shown in conjunction with FIGS. 7-11,
  • the conductive component 3 may include the mating part 4, and the mating part 4 may specifically include a limiting hook 41 and an extension part 42, and the mating part 4 may be disposed at an end of the conductive component 3.
  • the conductive component 3 may also include a connecting portion 31 and an extension portion 32, and the connecting portion 31 is used to connect with the top cover of the failed battery unit.
  • the conductive component 3 is further provided with a recessed portion 5, and the recessed portion 5 may specifically be a through hole 52, and the through hole 52 may be provided at an end away from the mating portion 4, as shown in FIG.
  • the through hole 52 is provided in the connecting portion 31 and the extending portion 32.
  • the first connecting piece 21 matched with the above-mentioned conductive member is provided with a recessed portion 5.
  • the recessed portion 5 may specifically be a through hole 51, and the above-mentioned matching portion can interact with the through hole 51. Plug in.
  • the through hole 51 is disposed close to the end of the first connecting piece 21, and after the limiting hook of the conductive member extends below the first connecting piece 21, it can be connected to the through hole 51 Cooperate.
  • the first connecting piece 21 is also provided with a mating portion 4, which may specifically be a bump 43, and the bump 43 can pass through the conductive component during the mating process with the first connecting piece 21.
  • the through hole of the component so as to realize the cooperation between the bump 43 and the through hole.
  • the above-mentioned connecting piece may further include a bent portion 23, which is bent relative to the first connecting piece 21 along the height direction Z of the battery unit.
  • the bent portion 23 can be deformed along the thickness direction X of the battery module, thereby buffering the tensile force received by the connecting piece and improving the service life of the connecting piece.
  • the structure of the aforementioned conductive component is not limited to this.
  • the mating portion 4 of the conductive component 3 may not be provided at the end of the conductive component 3.
  • the mating portion 4 can extend under the first connecting piece 21 through the through hole 51.
  • at least part of the extension 41 of the mating portion 4 is located in the through hole 51 , And the limiting hook 41 and the conductive component 3 clamp the first connecting piece 21 together.
  • the conductive component 3 may be provided with a plurality of mating portions 4, and each of the mating portions 4 can cooperate with the first connecting piece to realize the connection between the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece, wherein each The structure of the mating portion 4 may be the same or different, as long as the connection with the first connecting piece can be realized.
  • each matching portion 4 of the conductive component 3 can extend under the first connecting piece, so that each matching portion 4 can clamp the first connecting piece with the conductive component 3.
  • the conductive component 3 is provided with two mating parts 4, and the structure of the two mating parts 4 may be the same, and both of them include an extension 42 and a stop hook 41, wherein ,
  • the extension section 42 is used to realize that the limiting hook 41 extends toward the bottom of the first connecting piece, and the limiting hook 41 is used to realize the clamping of the first connecting piece with the conductive member 3.
  • the two mating parts 4 in this embodiment can be arranged opposite to each other.
  • the mating part 4 when the mating part 4 is provided on the conductive component 3, it is not necessary to process the mating part 4 on the first connecting piece, thereby simplifying the structure of the first connecting piece.
  • the operation of processing the mating part 4 can be performed outside the battery module. The impact on the components of the battery module is small, so that the connection between the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece is facilitated, and the maintenance process is simplified.
  • the first connecting piece 21 that cooperates with FIGS. 13 and 14 may have a structure as shown in FIG. 15.
  • the first connecting piece 21 is provided with two recessed portions 5, and the two recessed portions 5 may be through holes. 51.
  • the two mating portions 4 respectively extend from the corresponding through holes 51 into the bottom of the first connecting piece 21, so that the two mating The portion 4 can sandwich the first connecting piece 21 with the conductive member 3.
  • at least part of the limiting hook 41 of the mating portion 4 can also be located in the through hole 51, thereby further restricting the relative movement of the limiting hook 41 and the first connecting piece 21.
  • the mating portion is used for clamping with the other of the first connecting piece and the conductive component, so as to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component.
  • the first connection piece and the conductive component are specifically connected by a mating part.
  • the above three solutions are: (1) The mating part provided on the first connection piece is clamped to the conductive component. , So as to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component through the mating portion; (2) The mating portion provided on the conductive component is clamped with the first connecting piece, so as to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component through the mating portion (3) The mating part provided on the first connecting piece is clamped with the conductive component, and the mating part provided on the conductive component is clamped with the first connecting piece, so as to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component through the mating part .
  • the structure of the two is simple, and the reliability of the mechanical connection between the second and the second is relatively high.
  • the above solution (3) can further improve the reliability of the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive member.
  • the first connecting piece 21 is provided with a plurality of mating parts 4, each mating part 4 is arranged at intervals, and all of the mating parts 4 can be clamped with the conductive component.
  • the conductive component 3 is provided with a plurality of mating parts 4, each mating part 4 is arranged at intervals, and all of them can be clamped with the first connecting piece. And the structure of each mating part 4 may be the same or different.
  • the mating part 4 when the mating part 4 is provided on the conductive component 3, it is not necessary to process the mating part 4 on the first connecting piece, thereby simplifying the structure of the first connecting piece.
  • the operation of processing the mating part 4 can be performed outside the battery module. The impact on the components of the battery module is small, so that the connection between the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece is facilitated, and the maintenance process is simplified.
  • At least one of the first connecting piece and the conductive component is further provided with a recessed portion, wherein the recessed portion is used for clamping with the corresponding mating portion, so as to realize the connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component .
  • the above three solutions are as follows: (1) the first connecting piece is provided with a mating part, the conductive component is provided with a recessed part, and the mating part is used to engage with the recessed part; (2) the conductive component 3, A mating portion is provided, and the first connecting piece is provided with a recessed portion, and the mating portion is used for clamping with the recessed portion; (3) The first connecting piece and the conductive component are both provided with a mating portion, and both are provided with a recessed portion Wherein, the matching portion and the recessed portion are arranged correspondingly, so that the first connecting piece and the conductive component are clamped through the correspondingly provided matching portion and the recessed portion.
  • the reliability of the clamp connection between the first connecting piece and the conductive component can be further improved.
  • the conductive member 3 may be provided with two recessed portions 5, wherein the recessed portion 5 may specifically be a through hole 51, and the through hole 51 is used to connect to the first through hole 51. The mating part of a connecting piece is clamped.
  • the structure of the first connecting piece 21 and the second connecting piece 22 may be the same, that is, the connecting pieces 2 of the battery module have the same structure.
  • each connecting piece 2 of the battery module can be used to cooperate with the conductive component. Therefore, when performing maintenance, only the corresponding conductive component needs to be connected to the connecting piece 2 and connected to the battery unit.
  • the top cover can be connected, which has the advantage of convenient operation.
  • the first connecting piece 21 and the second connecting piece 22 have the same structure.
  • each connecting piece 2 in the battery module may be provided with a mating part 4 and a recessed part 5, wherein the mating part 4 and the recessed part 5 are used to interact with the recessed part of the conductive component. Connect with the mating part.
  • the mating portion 4 of the connecting piece 2 and the top cover 12 when connected to the electrode terminal 11 of the battery cell, the mating portion 4 of the connecting piece 2 and the top cover 12 have a predetermined distance along the height direction Z of the battery cell, thereby preventing the connecting piece 2 from contacting the top The cover 12 is short-circuited.
  • each connecting piece of the battery module may be a common plate structure on the market, that is, each connecting piece may not be provided with a matching portion and a recessed portion.
  • the connecting piece connected to the battery unit is replaced with a first connecting piece provided with a mating portion and/or a recessed portion (the structure of the first connecting piece is as described in any of the above embodiments), and the specific replacement method is: The connected connecting piece is removed from the battery module, and the first connecting piece is connected to the electrode terminal of the failed battery unit, and then the first connecting piece is connected to the top cover of the failed battery unit through a conductive member to realize the failure of the failed battery unit Processing to restore the battery module to work.
  • the structure of the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are different.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a failure processing method for processing the failed battery unit 13 of the battery module.
  • the battery module M2 includes a connecting piece 2 for connecting with the electrode terminal 11 of the battery unit 1, and the connecting piece connected with the failed battery unit 13 is the first connecting piece 21, As shown in FIG. 7, one of the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive member 3 is provided with a mating portion 4.
  • the failure processing method includes:
  • the conductive member 3 by connecting the conductive member 3 with the top cover 12 of the failed battery cell 13 and the first connecting piece 21, the purpose of short-circuiting the failed battery cell 13 can be achieved and the battery module can be restored to work.
  • the conductive component 3 and the first connecting piece 21 are mechanically connected to improve the service life of the battery module.
  • steps S1 and S2 do not have a strict sequence, that is, step S1 can be performed first and then step S2 can be performed, or step S2 can be performed first and then step S1 can be performed, or steps S1 and S2 can be performed simultaneously .
  • steps S1 and S2 may be performed simultaneously .
  • steps S1 and S2 there may be other steps between steps S1 and S2, as long as the above-mentioned purpose can be achieved.
  • the mating portion 4 extends toward the other of the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3.
  • the above step S2 may specifically include:
  • the step S21 may specifically include:
  • the concave portion 5 is matched with the mating portion 4 to realize the connection between the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3.
  • step S211 is specifically:
  • S211a Extend the mating part 4 toward the other, so that the mating part 4 and one clamp the other, and during the clamping process, the mating part 4 provided on one and the recessed part 5 provided on the other Cooperate.
  • the above-mentioned recessed portion 5 may be a through hole 51.
  • the above-mentioned step S211 may specifically include:
  • S211b Extend at least part of the mating part 4 toward the other through the through hole 51, so that the mating part 4 clamps one of the other, and inserting the mating part 4 with the through hole 51 to realize the first connecting piece 21 and the connection between the conductive part 3.
  • step S2 may specifically include:
  • the step S22 may specifically include:
  • the recessed portion 5 capable of snapping with the mating portion 4, the reliability of the snapping connection between the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3 can be further improved.
  • the above-mentioned recessed portion 5 may be a through hole 51.
  • the above-mentioned step S221 may specifically include:
  • S221a Clip at least part of the mating portion 4 to the through hole 51 to realize the connection between the first connecting piece 21 and the conductive component 3.
  • the connecting piece 2 may include the mating portion 4 and/or the recessed portion 5.
  • the battery module M2 fails, only the conductive component that can cooperate with the connecting piece 2 is required 3 connection (corresponding recessed part 5 is matched with mating part 4), with fewer maintenance steps.
  • the structure of the connecting piece 2 in the battery module M2 is relatively simple, and it is not necessary that all the connecting pieces are configured to include the mating portion 4 and/or the recessed portion 5, thereby saving cost.
  • the conductive component 3 may further include a connecting portion 31.
  • the above step S1 may specifically include:
  • the connecting portion 31 and the top cover 12 may be welded, or connected by conductive glue, or connected by pouring molten tin, aluminum, or other metals.
  • the solder is located in the preset gap between the connecting portion 31 and the top cover 12, thereby connecting the two, and the two can be conductive;
  • the conductive glue is located in the connection In the preset gap between the part 31 and the top cover 12, so as to connect the two and conduct electricity between the two;
  • the molten metal is located between the connecting part 31 and the top cover after cooling.
  • the connecting portion 31 of the conductive component 3 and the top cover 12 are connected by conductive glue, the electrical and mechanical connection between the conductive component 3 and the top cover 12 can be realized, and the connection is facilitated by the conductive glue. , Can avoid the battery cell damage caused by welding.
  • the battery module loses its function due to the existence of a failed battery unit, first determine the position of the failed battery unit in the battery module, then clean the top cover of the failed battery unit, and clean the connecting piece connected to the failed battery unit. After the cleaning is completed A conductive material is arranged on the top cover, and the above-mentioned connecting piece and the top cover are connected through the conductive component, so as to achieve the purpose of short-circuiting the electrode assembly of the failed battery unit and reconnect the circuit of the battery module.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池模块、电池组、用电装置和失效处理方法，电池模块包括：多个电池单元，每个多个电池单元包括顶盖，当电池模块失效后，多个电池单元还包括失效电池单元；连接片，用于串联多个电池单元，连接片包括与失效电池单元相连的第一连接片；导电部件，用于与失效电池单元的顶盖电气连接；其中，第一连接片和导电部件中的至少一者设置有配合部，配合部用于与另一者配合，以便通过导电部件实现失效电池单元的顶盖与第一连接片的电气连接，以使电池模块恢复工作。本申请中，能够将失效电池单元从电池模块的电路中去除，无需更换整个电池模块。导电部件与第一连接片之间通过配合部连接，从而提高二者的连接可靠性。

Description

电池模块、电池组、用电装置和失效处理方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年04月03日提交的名称为“电池模块、电池组、装置及失效处理方法”的中国专利申请202010265750.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请实施方式涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池模块、电池组、用电装置及失效处理方法。
背景技术
电池模块包括多个相互堆叠的电池单元，且多个电池单元电连接，从而实现电池模块电能的输出，为用电设备供电。当任意电池单元发生故障时，导致电池模块的整个电路发生故障，从而导致电池模块无法正常工作。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池模块、电池组、用电装置及失效处理方法，能够简化电池模块的维护流程，降低维护成本，并提高电池模块的工作效率。
本申请实施例第一方面提供一种电池模块，电池模块包括：
多个电池单元，每个多个电池单元包括顶盖，当电池模块失效后，多个电池单元还包括失效电池单元；
连接片，用于串联多个电池单元，连接片包括与失效电池单元相连的第一连接片；
导电部件，导电部件用于与失效电池单元的顶盖电气连接；
其中，第一连接片和导电部件中的至少一者设置有配合部，配合部用于与另一者配合，以便通过导电部件实现失效电池单元的顶盖与第一连接片的电气连接，以使电池模块恢复工作。
通过导电部件与失效电池单元的顶盖连接，并和与失效电池单元连接的第一连接片连接，能够将失效电池单元从电池模块的电路中去除，使得该失效电池单元不再参与电池模块的充放电过程，即该 失效电池单元不影响该电池模块的电路，且该失效电池单元完全不在电路中，提高电池模块的安全性。
在一种可能的设计中，配合部朝向另一者延伸，且配合部能够与另一者夹持一者，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，配合部用于与另一者卡接，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，至少一者设置有凹陷部，凹陷部用于与对应的配合部配合，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
通过设置能够与配合部配合的凹陷部，能够进一步提高第一连接片与导电部件之间的连接可靠性。
在一种可能的设计中，凹陷部为通孔，配合部的至少部分能够经通孔朝向另一者延伸，以使配合部能够与另一者夹持一者，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，凹陷部为通孔，配合部的至少部分能够卡接于通孔，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，导电部件设置有一个或多个配合部，配合部用于与第一连接片配合，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
配合部用于与第一连接片配合，以便通过导电部件实现失效电池单元的顶盖与第一连接片的电气连接，以使电池模块恢复工作。
在一种可能的设计中，导电部件通过连接部与失效电池单元的顶盖连接。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种电池组，电池组包括：
箱体，箱体形成容纳腔；
电池模块，电池模块为以上的电池模块；
其中，电池模块位于容纳腔。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种用电装置，包括：根据以上的电池组，电池组用于提供电能。
本申请实施例第四方面提供一种失效处理方法，用于处理失效电池单元，失效电池单元与第一连接片相连，第一连接片和导电部件中的一者设置有配合部，失效处理方法包括：
将导电部件与失效电池单元的顶盖电气连接；
将配合部与第一连接片和导电部件中的另一者配合，以便通过导电部件实现失效电池单元的顶盖与第一连接片的连接，以使电池模块恢复工作。
在一种可能的设计中，配合部朝向另一者延伸，在将配合部与第一连接片和导电部件中的另一者配合时，失效处理方法包括：
通过配合部和另一者夹持一者，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，将配合部与第一连接片和导电部件中的另一者配合时，失效处理方法包括：
将配合部与另一者卡接，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，一者设置有凹陷部，在将配合部与第一连接片和导电部件中的另一者配合时，失效处理方法包括：
将凹陷部与配合部配合，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，凹陷部为通孔，将凹陷部与配合部配合时，失效处理方法包括：
将配合部的至少部分经通孔朝向另一者延伸，以使配合部与另一者夹持一者，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，凹陷部为通孔，将凹陷部与配合部配合时，失效处理方法包括：
将配合部的至少部分卡接于通孔，实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，导电部件还包括连接部，将导电部件与失效电池单元的顶盖连接时，失效处理方法包括：
将连接部与失效电池单元的顶盖通过导电材料连接。
本实施例中，通过导电部件与失效电池单元的顶盖连接，并和与失效电池单元连接的第一连接片连接，能够将失效电池单元从电池模块的电路中去除，使得该失效电池单元不再参与电池模块的充放电过程，即该失效电池单元不影响该电池模块的电路，且该失效电池单元完全不在电路中，提高电池模块的安全性。且本实施例中，处理失效电池单元过程中，仅需通过导电部件进行简单连接即可，无需更换整个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，导电部件与第一连接片之间能够通过配合部连接，从而提高二者的连接可靠性，且导电部件与第一连接片之间通过机械连接的方式连接，二者无需焊接，从而能够防止焊接过程中温度过高损伤电池模块的各部件，提高电池模块的使用寿命。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例所提供装置在一种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图2为图1中电池组在一种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图3为图2中电池模块在一种具体实施例中的俯视图。
图4为图3中的电池模块存在失效电池单元的俯视图。
图5为图4的B-B向剖视图。
图6为图4中II部分的局部放大图。
图7为图5中III部分的局部放大图。
图8为图7中导电部件在第一种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图9为图8的侧视图。
图10为图8的俯视图。
图11为图7中第一连接片在第一种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图12为图7中导电部件在第二种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图13为图7中导电部件在第三种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图14为图13的侧视图。
图15为图7中第一连接片在第二种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图16为图7中第一连接片在第三种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图17为图7中导电部件在第四种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图18为图7中导电部件在第五种具体实施例中的结构示意图。
图19为图3中I部分的局部放大图。
图20为图3的A-A向剖视图。
图21为图20中IV部分的局部放大图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非 上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池单元作为电源的用电装置、电池组和电池模块，其中，用电装置可以为车辆、船舶、小型飞机等移动设备，其中用电装置包括动力源，该动力源用于为用电装置提供驱动力，且该动力源可被配置为向用电装置提供电能的电池模块。其中，该用电装置的驱动力可全部为电能，也可包括电能和其他能源(例如机械能)，该动力源可为电池模块(或电池组)。另外，该用电装置还可以为电池柜等储能设备，该电池柜可以包括多个电池模块(或电池组)，从而使得该电池柜能够输出电能。因此，只要能够使用电池单元作为电源的用电装置均在本申请的保护范围内。
如图1所示，以车辆为例，本申请实施例中的用电装置D可为新能源汽车，该新能源汽车可为纯电动汽车，也可为混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。其中，该车辆可包括电池组M和车辆主体，该电池组M设置于车辆主体，该车辆主体还设置有驱动电机，且驱动电机与电池组M电连接，由电池组M提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动车辆行进。具体地，该电池组M可水平设置车辆主体的底部。
如图2所示，电池组M包括箱体M1和本申请实施例中的电池模块M2，其中，箱体M1具有容纳腔M13，电池模块M2收容于该容纳腔M13内，电池模块M2的数量可为一个或多个，多个电池模块M2排列布置于容纳腔M13内。箱体M1的类型不受限制，可为框状箱体、盘状箱体或盒状箱体等。具体地，如图2所示，该箱体M1可包括容纳电池模块M2的下箱体M12和与下箱体M12盖合的上箱体M11。
需要说明的是，本文中提到的长度方向X、宽度方向Y和高度方向Z是以电池单元为基准定 义的，其中，长度方向X指的是电池单元的厚度方向，宽度方向Y指的是电池单元的宽度方向，且该宽度方向Y与长度方向X相互垂直(二者大致垂直)，并位于同一平面，高度方向Z指的是电池单元中电极端子的延伸方向，且在该电池模块中，该长度方向X、宽度方向Y和高度方向Z三者两两垂直(三者大致垂直)，也就是高度方向Z垂直于宽度方向Y与长度方向X形成的平面。
其中，该电池模块包括多个电池单元和用于固定电池单元的框架结构，其中，多个电池单元可以沿长度方向X相互堆叠。该框架结构可以包括端板，端板位于电池单元沿长度方向X的两端部，用于限制电池单元沿长度方向X的运动，同时，在一种具体实施例中，该框架结构还可包括侧板，两侧板位于电池单元沿宽度方向Y的两侧，且该侧板与端板连接，从而形成框架结构；在另一种实施例中，该框架结构可不设置侧板，电池单元堆叠后，通过第一扎带连接或者通过第一扎带和第二扎带连接，该端板和扎带形成上述框架结构。另外，在一种具体实施例中，电池组可以包括箱体和多个电池单元，其中，箱体具有容纳腔，多个电池单元位于该容纳腔内，且可以与箱体连接，具体地，电池单元可以通过结构胶粘贴于箱体的内壁。
该电池模块工作过程中，各电池单元不断充放电，电池单元存在故障(例如容量非正常衰减)的问题，导致该电池单元无法正常工作，因此，本文中，将发生故障无法正常工作的电池单元定义为失效电池单元，将未发生故障能够正常工作的电池单元定义为非失效电池单元。此时，该电池模块或电池组由于存在一个或多个失效电池单元，导致其电路故障，无法正常供电，即为电池模块或电池组失效。为了解决该技术问题，本申请实施例通过将失效电池单元从电池模块的电路中去除，并重新形成电路来解决该技术问题。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中提到的电池单元可以包括以下两种情况，第一种：当该电池模块由多个电池单体串联时，本申请实施例中的电池单元可以为单个电池单体，相应地，失效电池单元可以为其中一个失效的电池单体。第二种：当该电池模块包括至少一个由两个以上的电池单体并联形成的并联组时，本申请实施例中的电池单元可以为一个并联组，相应地，失效电池单元为其中一个并联组，且该并联组中包括至少一个失效的电池单体。
另外，本申请实施例涉及的电池单元可以为软包电池，也可以为方形电池或者圆柱电池等。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供一种电池模块M2，如图3所示，该电池模块M2能够正常工作，该电池模块M2包括多个电池单元1，每个电池单元1包括顶盖12和电极端子11，且该电极端子11包括极性相反的第一电极端子111和第二电极端子112，电极端子11设置于电池单元1的顶盖12。同时，该电池模块M2还包括连接片2，该连接片2用于连接多个电池单元1的电极端子11，以使多个电池单元1串联。
当本申请实施例中的电池模块M2失效时，如图4所示，该失效的电池模块M2包括多个非失 效电池单元14和至少一个失效电池单元13，此时，该电池模块M2的连接片2包括第一连接片21和第二连接片22，其中，该第一连接片21用于与失效电池单元13和非失效电池单元14相连，第二连接片22用于与两个非失效电池单元14相连。同时，该电池模块M2还包括导电部件3，该导电部件3为能够导电从而实现电气连接的部件，其中，该导电部件3用于与失效电池单元13的顶盖12相连，并用于与第一连接片21相连，从而通过导电部件3能够实现失效电池单元13的顶盖12与第一连接片21的电气连接，且连接后，能够将该失效电池单元13短路，从而使电池模块M2恢复工作，其中，恢复工作指的是该电池模块M2能够正常充电或放电。
在现有设计中，当电池组的中某个电池单元失效时，人们能够想到的是将这个失效电池单元进行替换；或者，为了加快维修效率，则会对整个电池模块进行更换维修。因此，维修的过程需要将失效的电池组(包含失效电池单元的电池组)返厂进行匹配相对应的电池单元或电池模块，或者将相应的电池单元的型号或电池模块的型号发送给制造厂。这个过程需要耗费大量的时间进行等待，不利于实现资源的优化。
上述处理方式符合大部分领域中的处理方式，即针对失效的部件或者结构进行更换，从而使整体结构恢复工作。因此，在大部分领域的维修点，会对容易发生失效的部件进行备样，以及会准备简单的相关检测设备。如果是不易发生失效的部件失效，或者，不易保存和放置的部件失效，则维修点需要从厂家调取部件，才能够实现部件的更换维修。如果遇到较为复杂的维修方式，还需要从厂家请求相应的技术人员技术支持。
在电池领域中，电池组的失效部件中电池单元占有很大比例，但是电池单元备样存在诸多困难，同时电池单元不属于可长时间放置的部件，原因如下：1.目前电池单元型号很多，有大小区别、容量区别、化学体系区别、结构区别等；2.电池单元在长时间放置时会进行自放电，时间越长，则电池单元正负极端子之间的容量平衡就会被逐渐打破并深化；3.长时间的放置时，电解质的分解反应也会累积一些不可逆的容量损失。另外，电池单元的存放条件要求也比较高，如果不注意环境因素，电池单元的自放电也可能会加速。
即使没有型号的问题，所有电池单元采用一种结构，但是电池单元在长时间存储后若要进行重新使用，需要重新测量电池单元的容量及自放电速率等参数。但是在一般的维修点不会有这样的测试条件，操作人员也没有专业的分析能力；不经过重新测试的电池单元不能够保证维修后的电池组能够正常工作。另外，再加上电池型号的问题，每一个维修点不仅需要储备不同型号的电池单元，还需要配备相关检测设备以及对应的技术人员。因此，维修点很难实现上述对电池单元进行更换的维修方式。
因此，目前为了提高电池组的维修效率，操作人员会针对电池组中失效的电池模块(失效的电池模块指的是包含失效电池单元的电池模块)进行更换，该方式能够较快实现维修。然而，一个电池模 块包括多个电池单元，在极少数的情况下，一个电池模块中的所有电池单元均发生失效；正常情况下，一个电池模块中仅有少量的电池单元失效(例如仅有一个电池单元失效)，就会造成电池模块不能够正常工作，此时，更换整个电池模块造成资源浪费。
进一步地，更换新的电池模块在电池均衡上也会有较大的问题。正常使用时，电池组容量会有衰减，而新更换的电池模块和旧的电池模块容量会存在不一致的问题。按照木桶原则，电池组的容量取决于容量最低的电池模块，所以新更换的电池模块在结构中也不能够起到很好的作用；其次，旧的电池模块由于容量的衰减，所以每次都是满充满放，会加快旧的电池模块达到使用寿命的终点；另外，旧的电池模块内阻大于新更换的电池模块，且该旧的电池模块与新更换的电池模块流过相同的电流，此时，内阻较大的旧的电池模块发热量较多，即该旧的电池模块中的电池单元温度较高，其电池单元劣化速度加快，从而导致旧的电池模块的内阻进一步增大。因此，电池单元的内阻和温升形成一对负反馈，使高内阻的电池单元加速劣化。
另一方面，针对用电设备的电路，无论是短路还是断路都是形容电路故障。目前在短路的使用上，主要是通过短路实现保险丝熔断，或者其他测试设备的负载等。然而没有人会在相应的结构中增设导电部件，达到使失效电池单元短路，这个从简单认知中会认为存在很大问题，也不能够实现目标，但是在整个电池模块中，对其中一个电池单元进行短路，不会造成容量的大幅度变化，从而保证了电池组的正常使用。
本实施例中，如图4所示，通过导电部件3将失效电池单元13短路，从而能够使失效电池单元13不再参与电池模块M2的电路，即该失效电池单元13不影响该电池模块M2的电路，提高电池模块M2的安全性。且本实施例中，仅需通过导电部件3进行简单连接即可，无需更换整个电池模块M2，当该电池模块M2应用于车辆时，使得该车辆能够在维修点直接维修，无需整车返厂处理，或者无需更换新的电池组M，从而提高电池模块M2的维修效率，并简化维护流程和维护成本。同时，经过上述处理后，该电池模块M2中，仅存在少量的失效电池单元13不参与电路的形成，也不会造成该电池模块M2电池容量的大幅度降低，使得电池模块M2和电池组能够正常工作。
同时在电池组中，对于电池单元直接通过胶粘剂粘接于箱体的容纳腔的结构，当某一电池单元失效时，将该失效电池单元从容纳腔内拆出的操作不易实现，因此，本实施例中的处理方式具有操作方便和效率高的优点。
其中，如图5所示，上述连接片包括第一连接片21，其中，该第一连接片21为与失效电池单元13相连的连接片，且与该失效电池单元13的第一电极端子111和第二电极端子112连接的连接片均为该第一连接片21。同时，两个第一连接片21与失效电池单元13的顶盖12之间通过导电部件3连接，从而将该失效电池单元13的第一电极端子111和第二电极端子112短路。
具体地，如图6所示，该第一连接片21与导电部件3中的至少一者设置有配合部4，且该配合部4用于与第一连接片21与导电部件3中的另一者配合。更具体地，该方案具体包括：(1)第一连接片21设置有配合部4，该配合部4用于与导电部件3配合；(2)导电部件3设置有配合部4，该配合部4用于与第一连接片21配合；(3)第一连接片21和导电部件3均设置有配合部4，其中，设置于第一连接片21的配合部4用于与导电部件3配合，设置于导电部件3的配合部4用于与第一连接片21配合。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的方案可以为上述三种方案的任意一种，上述三种方案均能够实现导电部件3与第一连接片21之间的连接，同时由于该导电部件3还与失效电池单元的顶盖12相连，因此能够通过导电部件3实现失效电池单元的顶盖12与第一连接片21之间的连接，进而使得电池模块恢复工作。
在一种具体实施例中，如图7所示，配合部4朝向另一者延伸，且该配合部4能够与另一者夹持一者，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
本实施例中，该第一连接片21与导电部件3之间具体通过配合部4夹持连接，基于此，上述三个方案分别为：(1)设置于第一连接片21的配合部4朝向导电部件3的方向延伸，从而通过该配合部4与第一连接片21夹持导电部件3；(2)设置于导电部件3的配合部4朝向第一连接片21的方向延伸，从而通过该配合部4与导电部件3夹持第一连接片21；(3)设置于第一连接片21的配合部4朝向导电部件3的方向延伸，从而通过该配合部4与第一连接片21夹持导电部件3，同时，设置于导电部件3的配合部4朝向第一连接片21的方向延伸，从而通过该配合部4与导电部件3夹持第一连接片21。
本实施例中，当第一连接片21与导电部件3夹持连接时，二者的连接面积较大，从而能够提高二者机械连接的可靠性。另外，上述方案(3)能够进一步提高第一连接片21与导电部件3之间的连接可靠性。
如图7所示的实施例中，该导电部件3设置有上述配合部4，且该配合部4的至少部分伸入第一连接片2的下方，从而通过导电部件3和配合部4夹持第一连接片2。
进一步地，上述第一连接片21与导电部件3中的至少一者还设置有凹陷部5，其中，该凹陷部5用于与对应的配合部4配合，从而实现第一连接片21与导电部件3之间的连接。
本实施例中，上述三个方案分别为：(1)第一连接片21设置有配合部4，导电部件3设置有凹陷部5，且该配合部4用于与凹陷部5配合；(2)导电部件3设置有配合部4，第一连接片21设置有凹陷部5，且该配合部4用于与凹陷部5配合；(3)第一连接片21和导电部件3均设置有配合部4，且二者均设置有凹陷部5，其中，该配合部4与凹陷部5对应设置，从而使得第一连接片21和导电部 件3通过对应设置的配合部4和凹陷部5连接。
另外，本实施例中，第一连接片21与导电部件3之间，除了通过配合部4和凹陷部5配合外，二者还能够夹持连接，或者卡接。
本实施例中，通过设置能够与配合部4配合的凹陷部5，能够进一步提高第一连接片21与导电部件3之间的连接可靠性。
更具体地，如图7所示的实施例中，其导电部件3设置有上述配合部4，同时，该第一连接片2设置有凹陷部5，且配合部4的至少部分伸入第一连接片21的下方后，该配合部4能够与凹陷部5配合，因此，本实施例中，第一连接片21与导电部件3之间除能够夹持连接外，该导电部件3的配合部4还与第一连接片21的凹陷部5配合，从而限制导电部件3和第一连接片21的相对运动，以便进一步提高导电部件3与第一连接片21之间的连接可靠性。
其中，如图7所示，该配合部4具体可以包括限位钩41和延伸段42，该延伸段42的两端连接限位钩41和导电部件3，通过该延伸段42，使得限位钩41能够伸入第一连接片21的下方，从而通过限位钩41与导电部件3夹持第一连接片21。同时，设置于第一连接片21的凹陷部5具体可以为通孔51，该限位钩41的一部分还能够伸入该通孔51内，从而通过通孔51的侧壁511限制限位钩41的运动，从而实现配合部4与凹陷部5之间的连接。
另一方面，如图7所示，本申请实施例中的导电部件3还可以包括连接部31和过渡部32，该连接部31用于与失效电池单元13的顶盖12电气连接，该过渡部32连接导电部件3和连接部31，由于该连接部31用于与顶盖12连接，因此，该连接部31与导电部件3之间沿电池单元的高度方向Z具有高度差，当过渡部32连接二者时，该过渡部32大致沿电池单元的高度方向Z延伸。其中，该连接部31与顶盖12之间具体通过导电材料连接。
图7所示的实施例中，其导电部件3具体可以为如图8～10所示的结构，第一连接片21具体可以为如图11所示的结构，结合图7～11所示，在一种具体实施例中，上述导电部件3可以包括上述配合部4，且该配合部4具体可以包括限位钩41和延伸部42，且该配合部4可以设置于导电部件3的端部，同时，该导电部件3还可以包括连接部31和延伸部32，该连接部31用于与失效电池单元的顶盖相连。
另外，图8所示的实施例中，该导电部件3还设置有凹陷部5，且该凹陷部5具体可以为通孔52，且该通孔52可以设置于远离配合部4的一端，图8所示的实施例中，该通孔52设置于连接部31和延伸部32。
相应地，如图11所示的实施例中，与上述导电部件配合的第一连接片21设置有凹陷部5，该凹陷部5具体可以为通孔51，上述配合部能够与该通孔51插接。在图11所示的实施例中，该通孔51靠近第一连接片21的端部设置，且上述导电部件的限位钩伸入该第一连接片21下方后，能够与该通孔 51配合。同时，该第一连接片21还设置有配合部4，该配合部4具体可以为凸块43，且上述导电部件与该第一连接片21配合的过程中，该凸块43能够穿过导电部件的通孔，从而实现凸块43与通孔的配合。
另外，如图11所示，该上述连接片还可以包括弯折部23，该弯折部23相对于第一连接片21沿电池单元的高度方向Z弯折，当电池模块工作过程中发生振动时，该弯折部23能够沿电池模块的厚度方向X变形，从而缓冲连接片受到的拉伸力，提高连接片的使用寿命。
需要说明的是，上述导电部件的结构并非仅限于此，如图12所示的实施例中，该导电部件3的配合部4可以不设置于导电部件3的端部，当该导电部件3与图11所示的第一连接片21配合时，配合部4能够经通孔51伸入第一连接片21下方，此时，该配合部4的延伸段41的至少部分位于该通孔51内，且该限位钩41与导电部件3共同夹持该第一连接片21。
在另一种具体实施例中，上述配合部4可以设置有多个，且多个配合部4间隔设置。如图13和图14所示，该导电部件3可以设置有多个配合部4，各配合部4均能够与第一连接片配合，实现导电部件3与第一连接片的连接，其中，各配合部4的结构可以相同，也可以不同，只要能够实现与第一连接片的连接即可。
具体地，该导电部件3的各配合部4均能够伸入第一连接片下方，从而使得各配合部4能够与导电部件3夹持第一连接片。如图13和图14所示的实施例中，该导电部件3设置有两个配合部4，且两个配合部4的结构可以相同，二者均包括延伸段42和限位钩41，其中，延伸段42用于实现限位钩41朝向第一连接片的下方延伸，限位钩41用于实现与导电部件3夹持第一连接片。另外，本实施例中的两个配合部4可以相对设置。
本实施例中，当配合部4设置于导电部件3时，无需在第一连接片加工该配合部4，从而简化第一连接片的结构，加工配合部4的操作可以在电池模块以外进行，对电池模块各部件的影响较小，从而便于实现导电部件3与第一连接片的连接，简化维修工序。
更具体地，与图13和图14配合的第一连接片21可以为如图15所示的结构，该第一连接片21设置有两个凹陷部5，两个凹陷部5可以为通孔51，当该第一连接片21与图13和图14所示的导电部件3配合时，两个配合部4分别从对应的通孔51伸入第一连接片21下方，从而使得两个配合部4能够与导电部件3夹持第一连接片21。同时，该配合部4的限位钩41的至少部分还能够位于该通孔51内，从而进一步限制限位钩41与第一连接片21的相对运动。
在另一种可能的设计中，该配合部用于与第一连接片和导电部件中的另一者卡接，从而实现第一连接片和导电部件之间的连接。
本实施例中，该第一连接片与导电部件之间具体通过配合部卡接连接，基于此，上述三个方案 分别为：(1)设置于第一连接片的配合部与导电部件卡接，从而通过该配合部实现第一连接片和导电部件的连接；(2)设置于导电部件的配合部与第一连接片卡接，从而通过该配合部实现第一连接片和导电部件的连接；(3)设置于第一连接片的配合部与导电部件卡接，且设置于导电部件的配合部与第一连接片卡接，从而通过该配合部实现第一连接片和导电部件的连接。
本实施例中，当第一连接片与导电部件卡接连接时，二者的结构简单，且二和机械连接的可靠性较高。另外，上述方案(3)能够进一步提高第一连接片与导电部件之间的连接可靠性。
如图16所示的实施例中，该第一连接片21设置有多个配合部4，各配合部4间隔设置，且均能够与导电部件卡接。
如图17所示的实施例中，该导电部件3设置有多个配合部4，各配合部4间隔设置，且均能够与第一连接片卡接。且各配合部4的结构可以相同，也可以不同。
本实施例中，当配合部4设置于导电部件3时，无需在第一连接片加工该配合部4，从而简化第一连接片的结构，加工配合部4的操作可以在电池模块以外进行，对电池模块各部件的影响较小，从而便于实现导电部件3与第一连接片的连接，简化维修工序。
进一步地，上述第一连接片与导电部件中的至少一者还设置有凹陷部，其中，该凹陷部用于与对应的配合部卡接，从而实现第一连接片与导电部件之间的连接。
本实施例中，上述三个方案分别为：(1)第一连接片设置有配合部，导电部件设置有凹陷部，且该配合部用于与凹陷部卡接；(2)导电部件3、设置有配合部，第一连接片设置有凹陷部，且该配合部用于与凹陷部卡接；(3)第一连接片和导电部件均设置有配合部，且二者均设置有凹陷部，其中，该配合部与凹陷部对应设置，从而使得第一连接片和导电部件通过对应设置的配合部和凹陷部卡接。
本实施例中，通过设置能够与配合部卡接的凹陷部，能够进一步提高第一连接片与导电部件之间卡接连接的可靠性。
在另一种具体实施例中，如图18所示，导电部件3可以设置有两个凹陷部5，其中，该凹陷部5具体可以为通孔51，该通,51用于与设置于第一连接片的配合部卡接。
以上各实施例中，如图19所示，该电池模块中，其第一连接片21和第二连接片22的结构可以相同，即该电池模块的各连接片2结构相同。当电池模块失效时，该电池模块的各连接片2均可以用于与导电部件配合，因此，当进行维修时，仅需将对应的导电部件与该连接片2连接，并与该电池单元的顶盖连接即可，具有操作方便的优点。此时，失效处理后的电池模块中，其第一连接片21和第二连接片22的结构相同。
例如，如图19所示的实施例中，该电池模块中的各连接片2均可以设置配合部4和凹陷部5，其中，该配合部4和凹陷部5用于与导电部件的凹陷部和配合部连接。具体地，如图21所示，与电池 单元的电极端子11连接时，该连接片2的配合部4与顶盖12沿电池单元的高度方向Z具有预设距离，从而防止连接片2与顶盖12短路。
在另一种具体实施例中，该电池模块的各连接片均可以为市面上常见的板状结构，即各连接片可以不设置配合部和凹陷部，当该电池模块失效时，将与失效电池单元相连的连接片替换为设置有配合部和/或凹陷部的第一连接片(该第一连接片的结构如以上任一实施例所述)，具体替换方式为：将与失效电池单元相连的连接片从电池模块中拆下，并将第一连接片与失效电池单元的电极端子连接，然后通过导电部件连接该第一连接片和失效电池单元的顶盖，实现失效电池单元的失效处理，使电池模块恢复工作。此时，失效处理后的电池模块中，其第一连接片和第二连接片的结构不同。
另外，本申请实施例还提供一种失效处理方法，用于处理电池模块的失效电池单元13。其中，如图4所示，该电池模块M2包括连接片2，该连接片2用于与电池单元1的电极端子11连接，且与失效电池单元13相连的连接片为第一连接片21，如图7所示，该第一连接片21与导电部件3中的一者设置有配合部4。基于上述结构，该失效处理方法包括：
S1：将导电部件3与失效电池单元13的顶盖12连接；
S2：将配合部4与第一连接片21和导电部件3中的另一者配合，以便通过导电部件3实现失效电池单元13的顶盖12与第一连接片21的连接，以使电池模块恢复工作。
本实施例中，通过将导电部件3与失效电池单元13的顶盖12和第一连接片21连接，能够实现将失效电池单元13短路的目的，并使得电池模块恢复工作。且导电部件3与第一连接片21之间通过机械的方式连接，提高电池模块的使用寿命。
其中，需要说明的是，上述步骤S1和S2并不具有严格的先后顺序，即可以先进行步骤S1后进行步骤S2，也可以先进行步骤S2后进行步骤S1，还可以步骤S1和S2同时进行。另外，步骤S1和S2之间还可以存着其他步骤，只要能够实现上述目的即可。
在一种可能的设计中，该配合部4朝向第一连接片21和导电部件3中的另一者延伸，此时，上述步骤S2具体可以包括：
S21：通过配合部4和另一者夹持一者，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
本实施例中，当第一连接片21与导电部件3夹持连接时，二者的连接面积较大，从而能够提高二者机械连接的可靠性。
具体地，上述第一连接片21与导电部件3中的至少一者还设置有凹陷部5，基于此，上述步骤S21具体可以包括：
S211：将凹陷部5与配合部4配合，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
更具体地，当该第一连接片21与导电部件3之间夹持连接时，上述步骤S211具体为：
S211a：将配合部4朝向另一者延伸，以便通过配合部4和一者夹持另一者，且夹持过程中，设置于一者的配合部4与设置于另一者的凹陷部5配合。
本实施例中，通过设置能够与配合部4配合的凹陷部5，能够进一步提高第一连接片21与导电部件3之间的连接可靠性。
在一种具体实施例中，上述凹陷部5可以为通孔51，基于此，上述步骤S211具体可以包括：
S211b：将配合部4的至少部分经通孔51朝向另一者延伸，以使配合部4与另一者夹持一者，并将配合部4与通孔51插接，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
在另一种可能的设计中，上述步骤S2具体可以包括：
S22：将配合部4与另一者卡接，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
本实施例中，当第一连接片21与导电部件31卡接连接时，二者的结构简单，且二者机械连接的可靠性较高。
具体地，上述第一连接片21与导电部件3中的至少一者还设置有凹陷部5，基于此，上述步骤S22具体可以包括：
S221：将所凹陷部5与配合部4卡接，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
本实施例中，通过设置能够与配合部4卡接的凹陷部5，能够进一步提高第一连接片21与导电部件3之间卡接连接的可靠性。
更具体地，上述凹陷部5可以为通孔51，基于此，上述步骤S221具体可以包括：
S221a：将配合部4的至少部分卡接于通孔51，实现第一连接片21和导电部件3之间的连接。
以上各实施例中，当电池模块M2未失效时，其连接片2可以包括配合部4和/或凹陷部5，当电池模块M2失效时，仅需将能够与该连接片2配合的导电部件3连接(对应的凹陷部5与配合部4配合)，维修步骤较少。
在另一种具体实施例中，当电池模块M2未失效时，其连接片2可以为市面上常见的板状结构，其不包括配合部4和凹陷部5，当电池模块M2失效时，首先将与失效电池单元13相连的连接片拆下(例如剪断该连接片与电极端子的连接)，并替换为第一连接片21(包括配合部4和/或凹陷部5)，该第一连接片21与失效电池单元13的电极端子11连接，然后通过导电部件3连接该第一连接片21和失效电池单元13的顶盖12，连接过程中，导电部件3与第一连接片21之间通过上述配合部4连接。
本实施例中，该电池模块M2中连接片2的结构较简单，无需全部连接片均设置为包括配合部4和/或凹陷部5的结构，从而节省成本。
以上各实施例中，该导电部件3还可以包括连接部31，基于此，上述步骤S1具体可以包括：
S11：将连接部31与失效电池单元13的顶盖12通过导电材料连接。
例如，连接部31与顶盖12之间可以焊接，或者通过导电胶连接，或者通过灌入熔化的锡、铝等金属连接。当二者焊接时，焊料位于连接部31与顶盖12之间的预设间隙内，从而将二者连接，且二者之间能够导电；当二者通过导电胶连接时，导电胶位于连接部31与顶盖12之间的预设间隙内，从而将二者连接，且二者之间能够导电；当二者通过熔化的金属连接时，熔化的金属冷却后位于连接部31与顶盖12之间的预设间隙内，从而将二者连接，且二者之间能够导电。
本实施例中，当导电部件3的连接部31与顶盖12之间通过导电胶连接时，能够实现导电部件3与顶盖12的电气连接和机械连接，且通过导电胶连接的方式便于实现，能够避免采用焊接导致的电池单元损伤。
另外，电池模块因存在失效电池单元而功能丧失时，首先确定失效电池单元在电池模块中的位置，然后清理失效电池单元的顶盖，并清理与该失效电池单元连接的连接片，清理完成后在顶盖设置导电材料，通过导电部件连接上述连接片和顶盖，实现将失效电池单元的电极组件短路的目的，并重新接通电池模块的电路。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池模块(M2)，包括：
    多个用于串联的电池单元(1)，当所述电池模块(M2)失效后，所述多个电池单元(1)包括失效电池单元(13)和与所述失效电池单元(13)相邻的至少一个非失效电池单元(14)；
    第一连接片(21)，用于连接所述失效电池单元(13)和所述至少一个非失效电池单元(14)；
    导电部件(3)，用于与所述失效电池单元(13)的顶盖(12)电气连接；
    其中，所述第一连接片(21)和所述导电部件(3)中的至少一者设置有配合部(4)，所述配合部(4)用于与另一者相连，以使所述电池模块(M2)恢复工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述第一连接片(21)和所述导电部件(3)经由所述配合部(4)夹持连接或卡接连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述第一连接片(21)与所述导电部件(3)中的一者设置所述配合部(4)，另一者设置有凹陷部(5)，所述凹陷部(5)用于与对应的所述配合部(4)配合连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述凹陷部(5)为通孔(51)，所述配合部(4)与所述通孔(51)插接连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述配合部(4)设置有多个，所述多个配合部(4)间隔设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述配合部(4)包括限位钩(41)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述配合部(4)还包括连接所述至少一者和所述限位钩(41)的延伸段(42)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池模块(M2)，其中，所述导电部件(3)通过连接部(31)与所述失效电池单元(13)的顶盖(12)连接。
  9. 一种电池组(M)，包括：
    如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池模块(M2)；和
    箱体(M1)，用于容纳所述电池模块(M2)。
  10. 一种装置(D)，包括：根据权利要求9所述的电池组(M)，所述电池组(M)用于提供电能。
  11. 一种失效处理方法，用于处理失效电池单元(13)，所述失效电池单元(13)与第一连接片(21)相连，所述第一连接片(21)和导电部件(3)中的一者设置有配合部(4)，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述导电部件(3)与所述失效电池单元(13)的顶盖(12)电气连接；
    将所述配合部(4)与所述第一连接片(21)和导电部件(3)中的另一者相连，以使所述电池模块(M2)恢复工作。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的失效处理方法，其中，在将所述配合部(4)与所述第一连接片(21)和导电部件(3)中的另一者相连时，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述第一连接片(21)和所述导电部件(3)通过所述配合部(4)夹持连接或卡接连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的失效处理方法，其中，所述第一连接片(21)与所述导电部件(3)中的一者设置所述配合部(4)，另一者设置有凹陷部(5)，在将所述配合部(4)与所述第一连接片 (21)和导电部件(3)中的另一者相连时，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述凹陷部(5)与所述配合部(4)配合。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的失效处理方法，其中，所述凹陷部(5)为通孔(51)，将所述凹陷部(5)与所述配合部(4)配合时，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述配合部(4)与所述通孔(51)插接连接。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14中任一项所述的失效处理方法，其中，所述导电部件(3)还包括连接部(31)，将所述导电部件(3)与所述失效电池单元(13)的顶盖(12)连接时，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述连接部(31)与所述失效电池单元(13)的顶盖(12)通过导电材料连接。
PCT/CN2020/135945 2020-04-03 2020-12-11 电池模块、电池组、用电装置和失效处理方法 WO2021196729A1 (zh)

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