WO2021189526A1 - 充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室 - Google Patents

充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021189526A1
WO2021189526A1 PCT/CN2020/083328 CN2020083328W WO2021189526A1 WO 2021189526 A1 WO2021189526 A1 WO 2021189526A1 CN 2020083328 W CN2020083328 W CN 2020083328W WO 2021189526 A1 WO2021189526 A1 WO 2021189526A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane structure
inflatable membrane
virus detection
area
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/083328
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏运升
尹烨
陈堃
陈戊荣
李若羽
李雯琪
王知然
曾昊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tongji University
BGI Genomics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tongji University
BGI Genomics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202020425551.3U external-priority patent/CN212743518U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010232207.7A external-priority patent/CN111502350B/zh
Application filed by Tongji University, BGI Genomics Co Ltd filed Critical Tongji University
Publication of WO2021189526A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021189526A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H3/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons
    • E04H3/08—Hospitals, infirmaries, or the like; Schools; Prisons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of protective isolation buildings, in particular to an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory and a soil-covered structure virus detection laboratory.
  • virus testing laboratories or biosafety laboratories used for virus detection and research have been seriously inadequate. .
  • a biosafety laboratory is a laboratory constructed through standardized laboratory design, configuration of experimental equipment, and the use of personal protective equipment. Whenever there is a sudden infectious disease epidemic or related event, the relevant samples (including human body, animals, environment, etc.) collected on the spot are quickly sent to the biosafety protection laboratory for potential biohazard factors (pathogens, toxins, etc.) detection and identification ( In order to effectively support on-site scientific decision-making and rapid response.
  • biohazard factors pathogens, toxins, etc.
  • the laboratory is an important place for testing. According to the level of risk, including the infectivity and hazard of infectious pathogens, internationally, biological laboratories are divided into P1 (Protection level 1) and P2 according to the biosafety level (Biosafety level, BSL). , P3 and P4 four levels. For example, it is emphasized that virus culture and animal infection tests should be carried out in the P3 laboratory. The operation of uncultured infectious materials should be carried out in the P2 laboratory. The P3 laboratory standard management mode is adopted for operation and protection. The operation of inactivated materials can be carried out in the P2 laboratory. It is carried out in the laboratory, and other operations that do not contain pathogenic live viruses, such as molecular cloning, can be carried out in the P1 laboratory.
  • the P4 laboratory is the highest level of biosafety laboratory.
  • the P4 laboratory is generally an independent building. If it shares a building with other levels of biological laboratories, it also needs to occupy an independent isolation area in the building and be connected to nearby The other buildings are completely isolated.
  • the first floor is sewage treatment and protection equipment
  • the second floor is the core experimental area
  • the third floor is the exhaust duct filter layer
  • the fourth floor is the air conditioning equipment and air supply and exhaust ducts.
  • the construction period is long, it is difficult to dismantle after completion, and it is impossible to pack and store in advance.
  • High-level virus detection laboratories such as P4 laboratories are generally single-family buildings, so they have poor mobility and difficult location selection;
  • the technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory and a soil-covered structure virus detection laboratory to solve at least one problem in the prior art.
  • an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory including: a plurality of inflatable membrane structures that can be inflated to form a house or a tubular body; each of the inflatable membrane structures can be formed after being inflated One main space unit used as a main functional area, and one or more auxiliary space units used as auxiliary functional areas; wherein, the main space unit and each of the auxiliary space units in the same inflatable membrane structure There are internal opening and closing doors for airtight partitioning or communication; the main space units of each inflatable membrane structure are communicated through the auxiliary space units; wherein, each of the main space units and each of the The auxiliary space units are respectively provided with one or more external opening and closing doors; the external opening and closing door from one of the inflatable membrane structure and the external opening and closing door from the other inflatable membrane structure are aligned and utilize the respective external opening and closing doors.
  • the inner opening and closing doors in each of the inflatable membrane structures are provided with a one-way vent with a filter device to allow the gas in the main space unit to flow to the auxiliary space unit;
  • the auxiliary space unit and the A one-way air outlet with a filter device is provided on the side adjacent to the inner opening and closing door for outward exhaust; the flow direction of the one-way air inlet, the one-way vent, and the one-way air outlet is adjusted in the reverse direction ,
  • the positive pressure environment in the inflatable membrane structure can be converted into a negative pressure environment by means of a fresh air system and an air conditioning system after the inflatable membrane structure is sprayed or poured with building materials; each of the main space units and the auxiliary One or more air disinfection devices
  • the inflatable membrane structure is filled with gas through the one-way air inlet to be propped up to form the main space unit and one or more The auxiliary space unit; the gas in the inflatable membrane structure flows from the main space unit to each of the auxiliary space units through the one-way vents, and then passes through the side of each of the auxiliary space units.
  • the unidirectional air outlet discharges gas outward, so that the inflatable membrane structure forms a positive pressure space after inflating.
  • the main functional areas and auxiliary conversion areas are divided according to the work flow of the virus detection laboratory and the technical specifications for the construction of the biosafety laboratory.
  • the main functional areas include: sample receiving area, reagent preparation area, sample preparation area, amplification area, rest area, protective clothing changing area, dressing room, office, computer room, and auxiliary experiments Any one or more combinations in the room; and/or, the auxiliary conversion area includes: any one or more combinations of personnel entrances and exits, garbage exits, buffer zones, shower areas, and toilets.
  • the air-filled membrane structure of the main space unit used as the sample preparation area is respectively different from the air-filled membrane structure of the main space unit used as the reagent preparation area, the sample receiving area, and the amplification area.
  • the structures are spliced to meet the workflow of sample receiving and sample preparation, and the reagent preparation area and amplification area required for connection to the sample preparation area are configured.
  • the main functional area further includes: a sample collection area; the air-filled membrane structure to which the main space unit used as the sample receiving area belongs is also associated with the main space unit used as the sample collection area.
  • the air-filled membrane structures are spliced together to add a sample collection step before the sample receiving workflow.
  • each of the main space units is divided into a plurality of small space units by setting an internal opening and closing door; the main space unit is used as the air-filling unit to which the main space unit of the sample collection area belongs.
  • the membrane structure divides the main space unit into small space units used as a sample collection area, a rest area, a protective clothing changing area, and a dressing room by arranging a plurality of internal opening and closing doors.
  • each of the main space units is equipped with an air conditioner to heat or cool indoor air; and/or, each of the main space units is equipped with a humidifier to meet humidity requirements And/or, one or more skylights are opened on the top of each main space unit for lighting or ventilation.
  • the air disinfection device includes any one or a combination of: a plasma disinfection machine, an ultraviolet ozone device, and a dry mist hydrogen peroxide sterilizer.
  • the filtering device is a multi-layer HEPA high-efficiency filter for filtering bacteria and viruses.
  • the opening and closing methods of the inner opening and closing door and the outer opening and closing door include any one or a combination of zipper, magnetic attraction, sticking, hook, and buckle.
  • the airtight connector includes any one or more combinations of magnetic strips, magnetic fasteners, adhesive strips, double-sided adhesive strips, adhesive tapes, glues, clip strips, and airtight zippers .
  • a water inlet pipe and a sewage pipe are provided between each of the inflatable membrane structures and between the main space unit and each of the auxiliary space units in the same inflatable membrane structure.
  • each of the auxiliary space units is equipped with any one or more of a waste collection and treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device, and a waste liquid treatment device.
  • each of the inflatable membrane structures can be folded and stored by removing gas.
  • the outer surface of the inflatable membrane structure can be upgraded or transformed into a permanent building by spraying any one or more of construction industrial materials, pouring concrete, and covering vegetation.
  • the present application provides a soil-covered structure virus detection laboratory, including: the above-mentioned inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory; the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory includes: a plurality of inflatable membranes An inflatable membrane structure forming a house or a tubular body; the outer surface of the inflatable membrane structure is sprayed with construction industrial materials, poured concrete, and covered with vegetation, so that the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory becomes a permanent earth-covered structure building.
  • the present application is an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory and a soil-covered structure virus detection laboratory.
  • the technical effects achieved include:
  • FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a gas-filled membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in another embodiment of the application.
  • 2A-2D show a schematic plan view of various combinations of a gas-filled membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a scene of an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4A shows a schematic plan view of an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4B shows a schematic plan view of an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a ventilation system in an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows the overall schematic diagram of the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of the application.
  • virus testing laboratories used for virus testing and research have also appeared in greater demand.
  • traditional virus testing laboratories mostly use traditional prefabricated building structures, they need to provide negative load indoors.
  • the pressure system is used to treat the polluted air, which in turn brings problems such as high implementation cost, long construction period, difficulty in dismantling after completion, inability to pre-package and reserve, and difficulty in site selection.
  • problems such as high implementation cost, long construction period, difficulty in dismantling after completion, inability to pre-package and reserve, and difficulty in site selection.
  • the traditional existing virus testing laboratories or biosafety laboratories obviously cannot meet the flexible and timely construction requirements.
  • the inflatable membrane structure building system is an innovative construction technology developed over the years. It is fast in construction, cost-effective, convenient for daily storage, and has a high volume compression ratio, fast transportation, easy to allocate resources between cities, and easy to use existing production The system is mass-produced and constructed in a timely manner.
  • the modular inflatable membrane structure can quickly build a virus detection laboratory according to the site topography.
  • the inflatable membrane structure is continuously inflated to provide a positive pressure environment, and the air membrane is pushed up by the internal air pressure, which greatly simplifies the structure of the building's support and can ensure that the entire space is airtight.
  • set up relevant filtering, anti-virus, sewage and other devices to meet the security protection level of the virus testing laboratory.
  • the inflatable membrane structure can be compressed and folded to facilitate storage and transportation, and then can be quickly constructed through inflation, meeting the needs of flexible and rapid construction.
  • the established virus detection laboratory can be transferred, or related building materials can be sprayed to make it a strong and long-lasting building.
  • the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory includes a plurality of inflatable membrane structures 100 that can be inflated to form a house or a tubular body.
  • Air film construction originated in the 1970s. After decades of development, it is now widely used in badminton, tennis, swimming pools and other stadiums and coal mines, stone fields, cement plants and other places where dust needs to be sealed.
  • Air membrane building is a new kind of enclosed building in our country. The enclosed space is made of membrane material, anchored, equipped with a proper steel cable system, and the proper atmospheric pressure difference is used to become a closed building that can withstand wind, rain and snow. Air film construction.
  • the existing inflatable membrane structure 100 building is only used for gymnasiums or occasions where dust is required to be sealed, and is not applied to emergency medical buildings.
  • temporary consultation points such as inflatable tents built in Italy cannot be completely sealed and cannot be completely isolated from the virus.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 described in the present application can form a stable housing or tubular body after being filled with gas.
  • the shape of the inflatable membrane structure 100 after inflation is not limited to a shape similar to a house or a tube, and may also include a shape with a certain spatial structure such as a cylindrical shape, a rectangular parallelepiped, and a polygonal column.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 described in the present application can also be an ellipse (rugby ball)-shaped space structure, and its surface is not limited to a smooth curve, and may also be a wavy curve as shown in FIG. 1B.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 is continuously inflated during the installation and use process to ensure that the inflatable membrane structure 100 can be expanded by gas to be propped up to form a house or a tubular body and maintain the shape of the space body.
  • the solidity can be maintained in the inflatable membrane structure 100 in the later stage, and an adapted air outlet device can be combined to maintain the internal pressure of the inflatable membrane structure 100 within a certain safe range to form a good ventilation system.
  • the present application continues to maintain the inflatable membrane structure 100 in a positive pressure environment by inflating the inflatable membrane structure 100, and can support the inflatable membrane structure 100 to form a certain three-dimensional space, thereby eliminating the need With additional equipment such as a support frame to support the space in the inflatable membrane structure 100.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 is folded and stored by exhausting air.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 has a high volume compression ratio, can store a large number of folded membrane structure units in a limited space, and can transport a large number of folded membrane structure units at one time.
  • the film materials of the inflatable membrane structure 100 mainly include glass fiber cloth, plastic film, metal woven fabric, etc., among which glass fiber cloth is preferably used, and the surface can be coated with polytetrafluoroethylene and other coatings to increase durability and Fire resistance.
  • the interior of the inflatable membrane structure 100 can be sprayed with architectural paint to enhance the stability and physical protection characteristics, improve the isolation strength, etc., for example, it can be inflated
  • the membrane structure 100 is sprayed with polyurethane waterproof coating to enhance the waterproofness.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 also has good toughness to avoid easy damage during installation or use.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 may be transparent or a dark color that can be shielded to meet different requirements.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 can also flexibly select inflatable membranes of different thicknesses according to the length of the isolation period during the incubation period of the epidemic or the complexity of the terrain.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 has an inner membrane and an outer membrane, and the material of the inner membrane and the outer membrane can be joined in three forms: welding, bonding, and sewing.
  • a plurality of continuous sealed cavities are divided between the inner membrane and the outer membrane; the outer membrane corresponding to each of the sealed cavities is provided with an inflation port for pre-inflation.
  • a plurality of continuous sealed cavities are divided between the inner membrane and the outer membrane.
  • a sealed cavity or multiple cavities can be respectively provided on the sides and top surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped, so that it can continue to be used after one of the cavities is damaged. There is no need to replace the entire inflatable membrane structure 100 immediately, and the damaged cavity can be repaired for continued use.
  • an inflatable film is used as an important device for protection and isolation, which can greatly reduce the cost and is low in cost, is convenient for storage and transportation, is easy to install, and occupies a space flexibly, and can quickly realize the construction of an isolation environment on the spot based on medical resources.
  • this application also needs to be equipped with related filtering, anti-virus, sewage and other devices. The description of the related devices will be described in detail later. This is only used to illustrate the inflatable membrane structure 100. specialty.
  • Inflatable membrane structure 100 shapes
  • each of the inflatable membrane structures 100 can form a main space unit 110 used as a main functional area and one or more auxiliary space units 120 used as an auxiliary functional area after being inflated; Wherein, an inner opening and closing door 131 for airtight isolation or communication is provided between the main space unit 110 and each of the auxiliary space units 120 in the same inflatable membrane structure 100.
  • the space formed by the inflatable membrane structure 100 after inflating can be used as a different functional area required by a virus detection laboratory, such as for placing the biosafety required by the building technical specifications of biosafety laboratories.
  • Sample receiving area, sample collection area, reagent preparation area, sample preparation area, office Areas, computer rooms, and auxiliary laboratories such as protective clothing changing areas, changing rooms, and rest areas for changing protective clothing, or corridors, buffers, and showers used as buffer channels for disinfection and sterilization of personnel or objects Area, emergency sinks, toilets, etc.
  • each of the inflatable membrane structures 100 can form a main space unit 110 used as a main functional area after being inflated, and one or more In the sub-space unit 120 as an auxiliary function area.
  • each inflatable membrane unit of each inflatable membrane structure 100 is based on a main space unit 110.
  • a variety of combinations with the auxiliary space unit 120 can be designed.
  • FIGS. 2A-2D it shows a schematic diagram of a combination of the auxiliary space unit 120 and the main space unit 110 when the number of the auxiliary space units 120 is different.
  • FIG. 2A shows two different combinations (1) and (2) when there are one auxiliary space unit 120;
  • FIG. 2B shows five different combinations when there are two auxiliary space units 120.
  • Combination forms (3)-(7) mainly include the auxiliary space unit 120 on the same side of the main space unit 110, or different sides;
  • Figure 2C shows the case when the auxiliary space unit 120 is three Four different combination forms (8)-(11);
  • Fig. 2D shows several different combination forms (12)-(15) when there are 4 or more secondary space units 120.
  • the combination form of the main space unit 110 and the auxiliary space unit 120 of the inflatable membrane structure 100 shown in FIGS. 2A-2D basically covers the combination form required for building a virus detection laboratory, but the combination described in this application
  • the combined form of the inflatable membrane structure 100 is not limited to those shown in FIGS. 2A-2D.
  • the combination form of a plurality of main space units 110 and the sub space unit 120, the combination form of more than six sub space units 120, and the main space unit 110 and the sub space unit 120 are all implemented as independent air-filled membrane structures 100
  • the combination forms all fall within the scope covered by the inflatable membrane structure 100 described in the present application.
  • each of the inflatable membrane structures 100 have different shapes, but the inflatable membrane structures 100 of the same shape can also have different sizes.
  • the main functional areas and auxiliary conversion areas are reasonably and scientifically divided according to the work flow of the virus detection laboratory and the technical specifications for the construction of the biosafety laboratory. According to the work flow of the virus detection laboratory and the technical specifications for the construction of biosafety laboratories, the main function area and auxiliary function area are generally required in the virus detection laboratory.
  • the main functional areas include: sample receiving area, reagent preparation area, sample preparation area, amplification area, rest area, protective clothing changing area, dressing room, office, computer room, and auxiliary laboratory. Multiple combinations; and/or, the auxiliary conversion area includes any one or more combinations of personnel entrances, garbage exits, buffer zones, shower areas, and toilets.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the scene of the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in this embodiment.
  • the air-filled membrane structure 100 to which the main space unit 110 used as the sample preparation area belongs is respectively connected to the air-filled membrane structure 100 to which the main space unit 110 used as the reagent preparation area, the sample receiving area, and the amplification area belongs.
  • 100-phase splicing to meet the workflow of sample receiving and sample preparation, and the reagent preparation area and amplification area required for connection to the sample preparation area are configured.
  • the test process in the sample receiving area includes: sample receiving, storage, unpacking, and inactivation; the test process in the sample preparation area includes: sample transfer, RNA extraction; the test process in the reagent preparation area includes: reagent preparation, Storage and packaging; the test procedure of the amplification area includes: PCR amplification detection.
  • the required area for sample collection area, sample receiving area, sample preparation area, reagent preparation area, and amplification area is 50m 2 , and the required temperature and humidity requirements are: temperature 18-27°C/humidity 30-70%, etc.
  • the main functional area further includes: a sample collection area; the air-filled membrane structure 100 to which the main space unit 110 used as the sample receiving area belongs is also the same as the air-filled membrane structure 100 to which the main space unit 110 used as the sample collection area belongs.
  • the test procedure of the sample collection area includes: sample collection, optionally arranged in front of the sample receiving area for sample collection.
  • each main space unit 110 is divided into a plurality of small space units 111 by setting an inner opening and closing door 131; specifically, the main space unit 110 used as the sample collection area belongs to
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 is provided with a plurality of inner opening and closing doors 131 to divide the main space unit 110 into small space units 111 used as a sample collection area, a rest area, a protective clothing changing area, and a dressing room, respectively.
  • the main space unit 110 used as the main functional area can be divided into a plurality of small space units 111 by arranging an inner opening and closing door 131. It not only increases the flexibility of setting up virus detection laboratories, but also saves space.
  • the auxiliary space unit 120 used as an auxiliary conversion area is further refined.
  • the garbage outlet and the personnel entrance do not select the same auxiliary space unit 120 for common use, so as to reduce cross-infection.
  • it can be isolated into two independent passages or small areas in the auxiliary space unit 120 to serve as the garbage outlet and the personnel entrance.
  • this application also uses other configurations to further meet the requirements for building a virus detection laboratory. Safety protection level and technical specification requirements.
  • each of the main space units 110 is equipped with an air conditioner to heat or cool indoor air.
  • the air conditioner described in FIG. 3 is embodied as an indoor unit and an outdoor unit.
  • the air conditioner can ensure the temperature in the main space unit 110 and the auxiliary space unit 120 in the inflatable membrane structure 100. Within the range required by technical specifications, such as keeping it at 18-27°C.
  • a vertical air conditioner may be used or a support frame may be provided for an indoor hanging air conditioner.
  • Each of the main space units 110 is equipped with a humidifier to ensure that the humidity in the main space unit 110 and the auxiliary space unit 120 in the inflatable membrane structure 100 is within the range required by the technical specifications, such as being maintained at 30- 70%.
  • skylights are provided on the top of each main space unit 110 for lighting or ventilation.
  • skylights can be used to meet the lighting and ventilation requirements of virus detection laboratories in actual scenes.
  • the opening of the skylight will be provided with an outward one-way filtering device.
  • FIG. 5 For the schematic diagram of the position of the skylight, reference may be made to the number 160 shown in FIG. 5 below.
  • this application is also equipped with corresponding filtering devices, air disinfection devices 150, and various inlet and outlet water pipes, sewage pipes and other corresponding supporting facilities, as detailed below Be explained.
  • a virus detection laboratory that can adapt to different terrains and different virus detection requirements is mainly formed by the splicing and combination of different inflatable membrane structures 100.
  • the splicing combination mainly follows: the main space unit 110 of each inflatable membrane structure 100 is communicated through the auxiliary space unit 120.
  • the splicing between different inflatable membrane structures 100 mainly uses the outer opening and closing door 132 designed in the present application, and the airtight connector preset at the door frame of the outer opening and closing door 132.
  • each of the main space unit 110 and each of the auxiliary space units 120 are respectively provided with one or more external opening and closing doors 132; the external opening and closing doors 132 from one of the inflatable membrane structures 100 and the other
  • the outer opening and closing doors 132 of the inflatable membrane structure 100 are air-tightly connected by aligning and using the airtight connecting members preset at the door frames of the respective outer opening and closing doors 132.
  • the opening and closing methods of the inner opening and closing door 131 and the outer opening and closing door 132 are the same, including but not limited to any one of zipper, magnetic attraction, sticking, hook, and buckle Or multiple combinations.
  • the door bodies of the inner opening and closing door 131 and the outer opening and closing door 132 are still made of inflatable membrane materials, and gaps are provided in the middle and bottom of the door body, and then air-tight zippers are set at the gaps by sewing or sticking. Magnetic strips, magnetic snaps, magic stickers, hanging buckles, buckle components, etc., the door can be opened and closed by pulling the zipper, or by pressing a button or plugging and unplugging the buckle component.
  • the airtight connector includes, but is not limited to, any one or more combinations of magnetic strips, magnetic buttons, adhesive strips, double-sided adhesive strips, tapes, glues, clip strips, and airtight zippers.
  • the airtight connecting member has similarities with the opening and closing methods of the inner opening and closing door 131 and the outer opening and closing door 132, that is, the opening and closing methods of the inner opening and closing door 131 and the outer opening and closing door 132 It can be realized by adopting the airtight connecting piece.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 described in the present application needs to be continuously inflated to achieve a positive pressure structure. On the one hand, it is used to support the stability of the inflatable membrane structure 100; On the one hand, it is similar to the principle that a negative pressure air-conditioning system is used in a traditional virus detection laboratory to achieve indoor viruses and bacteria that do not spread out.
  • FIG. 4A it shows a schematic plan view of an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in an embodiment of this application.
  • the main space unit 110 in each inflatable membrane structure 100 is provided with a one-way air inlet 141, and the one-way air inlet 141 is externally connected to a fresh air blower with a filter device;
  • the inner opening and closing door 131 in each inflatable membrane structure 100 is provided with a one-way vent 142 with a filter device, so that the gas in the main space unit 110 flows to the auxiliary space unit 120;
  • the auxiliary space A one-way air outlet 143 with a filter device is provided on the side surface of the unit 120 adjacent to the inner opening and closing door 131 for external exhaust.
  • FIG. 1 only uses an inflatable membrane structure 100 as an example to show the schematic description of its internal structure and related settings in this application, and only an inflatable membrane structure 100 as an example to show the inflatable membrane structure 100 in this application Schematic illustration of air flow.
  • other inflatable membrane structures 100 are also applicable.
  • the one-way air inlet 141 is provided with a one-way valve to achieve one-way air intake
  • the one-way vent 142 is provided with a one-way valve to achieve one-way ventilation
  • the one-way air outlet 143 is provided with a one-way valve to achieve one-way ventilation. To exhaust.
  • the inflatable membrane structure 100 is filled with gas through the one-way air inlet 141 and is propped up to form the main space unit 110 and one or more The auxiliary space unit 120.
  • the fresh air provided by the fresh air blower is continuously filled into the main space unit 110. Since the main space unit 110 is provided with a one-way vent 142 on the inner opening and closing door 131 between the sub space units 120, the main space unit 110 is Flow to each sub space unit 120. Of course, in the embodiment where the main space unit 110 is divided into a plurality of small space units 111 used as main functional areas by setting the inner opening and closing door 131, the airflow in the main space unit 110 will also pass through the inner opening and closing.
  • the door 131 is provided with a one-way vent 142 that flows in a preset direction, and finally flows into the auxiliary space unit 120.
  • the one-way air outlet 143 provided on the side of each of the auxiliary space units 120 is used to discharge the gas outward, so that the gas flow channel inside the inflatable membrane structure 100 is outside, so that the inflatable membrane structure 100 is inflated After that, a positive pressure space is formed and the gas flows in an orderly manner.
  • the filter device is used to filter 99% of bacteria and viruses; the filter device is a multi-layer HEPA high-efficiency filter.
  • HEPA High efficiency particulate air Filter
  • HEPA High efficiency particulate air Filter
  • the effective efficiency of 0.1 micron and 0.3 micron is 99.7%.
  • the characteristic of HEPA net is that air can pass through, but fine particles But it could not pass. It has a removal efficiency of more than 99.97% for particles with a diameter of 0.3 microns (1/200 of the hair diameter) and is the most effective filter medium for pollutants such as smoke, dust and bacteria.
  • HEPA is divided into five materials: PP filter paper, glass fiber, composite PP PET filter paper, melt-blown polyester non-woven fabric and melt-blown glass fiber.
  • large wind resistance, large dust holding capacity, high filtration accuracy can be processed into various sizes and shapes according to customer needs, suitable for different models.
  • FIG. 4B shows a schematic plan view of an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory in another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 4B it is a schematic diagram of the plane structure presented by the air-filled membrane structure virus detection laboratory corresponding to the air-filled membrane structure 100 of FIG. 1B with an oval (rugby)-shaped spatial structure.
  • the communication between the main space unit 110 of the two inflatable membrane structures 100 is not only the structure of the auxiliary space unit 120 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4A, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4B.
  • the auxiliary space unit 120 can also be set to the size of a box body as a delivery window, thereby reducing the number of people going in and out.
  • the main space units 110 of the two inflatable membrane structures 100 are spliced, and only a delivery window is set up between the two main space units 110.
  • the secondary space unit 120 can also serve as an independent delivery window for the main space unit 110 as shown in FIG. 1B.
  • a set of fresh air system can also be provided for the one-way air inlet 141, the one-way air vent 142, and the one-way air outlet 143.
  • the one-way air inlet 141 and the one-way air vent 142 are arranged through the duct system to facilitate the adjustment and setting of the air exchange system or device.
  • the one-way air outlet 143 located in the auxiliary space unit 120 is not shown in FIG. 5, but it can be known that the one-way air outlet 142 is connected to the one-way air outlet 142 through a pipe.
  • the disinfection device 150 realizes the multi-layer disinfection and sterilization and multi-layer filtration of the entire virus detection laboratory, can realize the pollution isolation of different space units in each of the inflatable membrane structures 100, and also isolate the pollution inside and outside the built virus detection laboratory .
  • each of the main space unit 110 and the auxiliary space unit 120 is provided with one or more devices.
  • An air disinfection device 150 includes any one or a combination of: a plasma disinfection machine, an ultraviolet ozone device, and a dry mist type hydrogen peroxide sterilizer.
  • Plasma air disinfection machine is a plasma air disinfection machine with international advanced level. It can be highly effective sterilization. Plasma sterilization effect is extremely strong, and the action time is short, which is far less than high-intensity ultraviolet.
  • Ultraviolet ozone generator is also called ozone generator, which is a device used to produce ozone gas (O3). Ozone is easy to decompose and cannot be stored. It needs to be prepared and used on-site (short-term storage under special circumstances). Therefore, ozone generators must be used in all places where ozone can be used. Ozone generators are widely used in drinking water, sewage, industrial oxidation, food processing and preservation, medical synthesis, and space sterilization. The ozone gas produced by the ozone generator can be used directly, or it can participate in the reaction by mixing with a liquid through a mixing device.
  • a water inlet pipe is provided between each of the inflatable membrane structures 100 and between the main space unit 110 and each of the auxiliary space units 120 in the same inflatable membrane structure 100 , Sewage pipe, anti-seepage drainage pipe, cable core, and signal wire any one or more of them.
  • Sewage pipe any one or more of water inlet pipes, sewage pipes, anti-seepage drainage pipes, cable cores, and signal lines.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory.
  • the water inlet pipes, sewage pipes, anti-seepage drainage pipes, cable cores, and signal lines, etc. It cannot be displayed visually because it is arranged inside the inflatable membrane structure 100 or is blocked in an obscure position.
  • the water inlet pipe, sewage pipe, anti-seepage drainage pipe, cable core, and signal wire described in this application Etc. not limited to the number or layout shown in FIG. 6.
  • each inflatable membrane structure 100 is also provided with communication holes for connecting water inlet pipes, sewage pipes, cable cores, and signal lines, etc., and after the connections are completed, they are tightly sealed by sealants, fillers, etc., To ensure air tightness in the space.
  • each of the auxiliary space units 120 is equipped with any one or more of a waste collection and treatment device, an exhaust gas treatment device, and a waste liquid treatment device.
  • the auxiliary space unit 120 used as a toilet can process the generated waste residue and waste liquid by configuring a waste residue collection and treatment device and a waste liquid treatment device.
  • the waste collection and treatment device and the waste liquid treatment device contain waste water or excrement from flushing the toilet, and waste water from washing and showering, and the waste water and waste are dried by electric heating to evaporate the waste water or dry the remaining Waste residue can reduce pollution and facilitate secondary transfer.
  • the exhaust gas treatment device may also be in communication with the one-way air outlet 143 of each of the auxiliary space units 120, so as to directly treat the exhaust gas sent from the auxiliary space unit 120.
  • waste residue collection and treatment device, waste gas treatment device, and waste liquid treatment device described in this application are flexibly constructed in the actual layout of each inflatable membrane structure 100 during the actual inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory.
  • the application also does not limit the specific connection modes of the waste residue collection and treatment device, waste gas treatment device, and waste liquid treatment device.
  • the waste residue collection and treatment device, the waste gas treatment device, and the waste liquid treatment device can all adopt existing technology treatment devices or treatment methods.
  • the waste residue collection and treatment device, the waste gas treatment device, and the waste liquid treatment device may be buried in soil, which is not shown in FIG. 6.
  • building industrial materials can be sprayed on the outer surface of the inflatable membrane structure 100 to enhance the stability and physical protection characteristics, improve the isolation strength, etc., for example, can be in the inflatable membrane structure 100 Spray polyurethane waterproof coating to enhance water resistance.
  • concrete can be poured on the outer surface of the inflatable membrane structure 100, which not only makes the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory stronger, but also makes it a permanent building to transform the temporary virus detection laboratory Upgraded to a virus testing laboratory with a permanent building structure.
  • the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory described in the present application can be used as a temporary building, which can adapt to different terrains, has low requirements for land use, and can be implemented quickly and flexibly.
  • the modular inflatable membrane structure 100 is adopted, and is composed of a main space unit 110 and a sub space unit 120. Multiple inflatable membrane structures 100 can be combined and spliced to facilitate motorized assembly according to different terrains, and can adapt to different terrains.
  • the air-filled membrane structure virus testing laboratory described in this application can extract the gas and sterilize the air-filled membrane structure 100 for recovery; or, the virus testing laboratory will be used for each air-filled membrane structure 100 units, one by one. Transfer to a new address and re-splice, and then concrete can be sprayed on the surface of the air film to make the air-filled membrane structure virus detection laboratory a permanent shell building structure. The shell structure after spraying It can be further converted into earth-covered buildings.
  • vegetation can also be covered on the outer surface of the inflatable membrane structure 100 to increase the appearance and better integrate with the construction site.
  • the numeral 200 in the figure may indicate spraying construction industrial materials, pouring concrete, and covering vegetation as described in this application.
  • FIG. 6 shows the overall structure, and other related devices or equipment are not highlighted, which does not mean that other related devices or equipment are not applicable to this application, which is understandable to those skilled in the art. Arrived.
  • the structural strength of the inflatable membrane structure is greatly enhanced.
  • a virus testing laboratory with a traditional structure, it has the foundation to provide a negative pressure environment.
  • the positive pressure environment in the inflatable membrane structure can be adjusted in the inflatable membrane structure. After spraying or pouring building materials, it is converted into a negative pressure environment.
  • the flow direction of the one-way air inlet 141, the one-way vent 142, and the one-way air outlet 143 are adjusted as a whole, and then the air-conditioning system and such as The ventilation system or fresh air system shown in FIG. 5 can provide negative pressure in the inflatable membrane structure 100 to convert a positive pressure environment into a negative pressure environment.
  • the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory described in this application can not only provide a positive pressure environment to isolate viruses and bacteria, but also after spraying or pouring a solid structure of industrial materials, Convert to negative pressure environment with the help of air conditioning system.
  • the present application provides an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory;
  • the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory includes: a plurality of inflatable membrane structures 100 that can be inflated to form a house or a tubular body;
  • the outer surface of the inflatable membrane structure 100 is sprayed with construction industrial materials, poured concrete, and covered with vegetation, so that the inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory becomes a permanent earth-covered structure.
  • FIG. 5 where spraying construction industrial materials, pouring concrete, and covering vegetation can be represented by the number 200 in FIG. 6.
  • an inflatable membrane structure virus detection laboratory and a soil-covered structure virus detection laboratory include: a plurality of inflatable membrane structures that can be inflated to form a house or a tubular body; each of the inflatable membrane structures After being inflated, a main space unit used as the main functional area and one or more auxiliary space units used as auxiliary functional areas can be formed; wherein, the main space unit and each of the main space units in the same inflatable membrane structure
  • the auxiliary space units are provided with internal opening and closing doors for airtight partitioning or communication; the main space units of each of the inflatable membrane structures are communicated through the auxiliary space units; wherein, each of the main space units , And each of the auxiliary space units are respectively provided with one or more external opening and closing doors; the external opening and closing door from one of the inflatable membrane structure and the outer opening and closing door from the other inflatable membrane structure are aligned and used separately
  • the flow direction of the air outlet allows the positive pressure environment in the inflatable membrane structure to be converted into a negative pressure environment by means of an air conditioning system after the inflatable membrane structure is sprayed or poured with building materials; each of the main space units and the One or more air disinfection devices are respectively provided in the auxiliary space unit.

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Abstract

一种充气膜结构(100)病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室，包括：多个充气膜结构(100)；各充气膜结构(100)在充气后能形成一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元(110)、及一或多个用于作为辅助功能区域的副空间单元(120)；各主空间单元(110)之间通过副空间单元(120)进行连通；各充气膜结构(100)内的主空间单元(110)设有单向进风口(141)，各充气膜结构(100)内的内开合门(131)上设有带过滤装置的单向通风口(142)；副空间单元(120)中与内开合门(131)相邻的侧面上设有带过滤装置的单向出风口(143)以供向外排气。采用充气正压结构，通过正压充气膜结构(100)和预制化建造系统结合，既简化建筑支承结构，也确保整个系统密闭。因此无需基础施工，便可快速部署，尤其有利于应对流行病爆发时的应急，可以在需要的地点快速布局。

Description

充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室 技术领域
本申请涉及防护隔离建筑领域，具体涉及一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室。
背景技术
2020年初我国大范围疫情爆发后，除了对防疫医院、方舱医院、隔离场所的巨大需求外，用于病毒检测及研究的病毒检测实验室(或生物安全实验室)以出现了严重不足的情况。
生物安全实验室是通过规范的实验室设计、实验设备的配置、个体防护装备的使用等建造的实验室。每当出现突发传染病疫情或相关事件，迅速将现场采集的相关样本(包括人体、动物、环境等)送至生物安全防护实验室进行潜在生物危险因子(病原体、毒素等)检测与鉴(侦)别，以有效支持现场科学决策和快速应对。
实验室是进行试验的重要场所，根据危险度等级，包括传染病原的传染性和危害性，国际上将生物实验室按照生物安全水平(Biosafety level，BSL)分为P1(Protection level 1)、P2、P3和P4四个等级。如强调病毒培养、动物感染试验应在P3实验室进行，未经培养的感染材料操作应当在P2实验室进行，采用P3实验室规范管理模式进行操作及防护，对于灭活材料的操作可在P2实验室中进行，而分子克隆等不含致病性活病毒的其他操作，可以在P1实验室进行。
P4实验室作为最高级别的生物安全实验室，P4实验室一般为一栋独立的建筑物，如与其他级别生物实验室共用建筑物，也需要在建筑物中占据独立的隔离区域，并与附近的其他建筑物完全隔离。在常见的四层结构中，一层为污水处理与保障设备，二层为核心实验区，三层为排风管道过滤层，四层为空调设备与送排风管道。
但是，传统P3、P4的病毒检测实验室由于采用传统预制建筑结构，很难做到完全密闭，因此必须采用室内负压的空调系统，对污染空气集中处理，并防止污染的空气从门缝窗缝中溢出，造成对周边环境的污染。而这使得传统病毒检测实验室或生物安全实验室存在如下不足：
1、由于采用负压系统，实施成本高，造价贵；
2、从建筑的施工到室内负压系统的安装，现场安装难度高，需要专业工人；
3、建造周期较长，建成之后很难拆除，也无法预先打包储备。
4、高级别的病毒检测实验室如P4实验室，一般为独栋建筑，因此机动性差，选址困难；
综上，当病毒疫情大规模爆发时，传统现有的病毒检测实验室或生物安全实验室显然无法满足灵活且及时的搭建需求。
因此，亟需一种能够快速简易且满足较高生物安全级别的病毒检测场所。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本申请要解决的技术问题在于提供一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室，用于解决现有技术中至少一个问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本申请提供一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室，包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构；各所述充气膜结构在充气后能形成一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元、及一或多个用于作为辅助功能区域的副空间单元；其中，同一所述充气膜结构内的所述主空间单元与各所述副空间单元之间设有用于气密隔断或连通的内开合门；各所述充气膜结构的主空间单元之间通过所述副空间单元进行连通；其中，各所述主空间单元、及各所述副空间单元分别设有一或多个外开合门；来自一所述充气膜结构的外开合门与来自另一所述充气膜结构的外开合门通过对齐并利用各自所述外开合门门框处预设的气密连接件进行的气密性连接；各所述充气膜结构内的主空间单元设有单向进风口，所述单向进风口外部连接带过滤装置的新风机；各所述充气膜结构内的内开合门上设有带过滤装置的单向通风口，以使所述主空间单元内的气体流向所述副空间单元；所述副空间单元中与所述内开合门相邻的侧面上设有带过滤装置的单向出风口以供向外排气；通过反向调整所述单向进风口、单向通风口、及单向出风口的流通方向，可使所述充气膜结构内的正压环境，在所述充气膜结构经喷涂或浇筑建筑材料后，借助新风系统和空调系统转换为负压环境；各所述主空间单元与所述副空间单元内分别设有一或多个空气消毒装置。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述新风机提供新风后通过所述单向进风口使所述充气膜结构内充满气体而被撑起，以形成所述主空间单元、及一或多个所述副空间单元；所述充气膜结构内的气体通过所述单向通风口由所述主空间单元向各所述副空间单元流动，再通过各所述副空间单元侧面上设置的所述单向出风口向外排出气体，以使所述充气膜结构在充气后形成正压空间。
于本申请的一实施例中，多个所述充气膜结构拼接后，根据病毒检测实验室的工作流程与生物安全实验室建筑技术规范对各主要功能区域、及辅助转换区域进行划分。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述主要功能区域包括：样本接收区、试剂准备区、样本制备区、扩增区、休息区、防护服更换区、更衣室、办公室、机房、及辅助实验室中任意一或多 个组合；和/或，所述辅助转换区域包括：人员出入口、垃圾出口、缓冲区、淋浴区、及卫生间中任意一或多个组合。
于本申请的一实施例中，用于作为样本制备区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构，分别与用于作为试剂准备区、样本接收区、及扩增区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构相拼接，以满足样本接收、样本制备的工作流程，并对样本制备区配置连接所需的试剂准备区、及扩增区。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述主要功能区域进一步包括：样本采集区；用于作为样本接收区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构还与用于作为样本采集区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构相拼接，以在样本接收工作流程前增加样本采集步骤。
于本申请的一实施例中，各所述主空间单元内通过设置内开合门以将所述主空间单元划分为多个小空间单元；用于作为样本采集区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构通过设置多个内开合门，以将所述主空间单元分别划分为用于作为样本采集区、休息区、防护服更换区、及更衣室的小空间单元。
于本申请的一实施例中，各所述主空间单元配设有空调机，以对室内空气进行加热或制冷；和/或，各所述主空间单元配设有加湿器，以满足湿度要求；和/或，各所述主空间单元顶部开设有一或多个天窗以用于采光或通风。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述空气消毒装置包括：等离子消毒机、紫外线臭氧器、干雾型过氧化氢灭菌器中任意一种或多种组合。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述过滤装置为多层HEPA高效过滤网以用于过滤细菌和病毒。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述内开合门与所述外开合门的开合方式包括：拉链、磁力吸附、粘贴、挂钩、及卡扣中任意一种或多种组合。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述气密连接件包括：磁条、磁扣、粘条、双面胶条、胶带、胶水、夹条、及气密拉链中任意一种或多种组合。
于本申请的一实施例中，各所述充气膜结构之间、及同一所述充气膜结构内所述主空间单元与各所述副空间单元之间配设连通有进水管道、污水管道、防渗排水管道、电缆芯、及信号线中任意一种或多种。
于本申请的一实施例中，各所述副空间单元配设有废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置中任意一种或多种。
于本申请的一实施例中，各所述充气膜结构通过抽去气体能实现折叠收纳。
于本申请的一实施例中，所述充气膜结构外表面能通过喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被中任意一种或多种组合以实现性能升级或改造为长久性建筑。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本申请提供一种覆土结构病毒检测实验室，包括：如上所述的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室；所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构；所述充气膜结构外表面通过喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被，以使所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室成为长久性覆土结构建筑。
如上所述，本申请的一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室。所实现的技术效果包括：
1、能进行快速量产，并且成本相对较低。
2、需能够快速建成安装的建筑体系。
3、能够进行大量且方便的运输。
4、需有密闭空间的建筑体系。
5、能够灵活适应不同地形的建筑体系。
6、能保证室外进入室内空间和室内排出室外的空气洁净度，还要保证各个区域空间独立的空气洁净度。
7、满足病毒检测实验室的防护安全等级和技术规范要求；
8、既能解决近期问题，又能满足长期需求的建筑体系。
附图说明
图1A展示为本申请于一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的结构示意图。
图1B展示为本申请于另一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的结构示意图。
图2A-2D展示为本申请于一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室多种组合形式的平面示意图。
图3展示为本申请于一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的场景示意图。
图4A展示为本申请于一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的平面示意图。
图4B展示为本申请于另一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的平面示意图。
图5展示为本申请于一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室中换气系统的结构示意图。
图6展示为本申请于一实施例中的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的整体示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本申请的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点与功效。本申请还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加 以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本申请的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本申请的基本构想，虽然图式中仅显示与本申请中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制，但其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变，且其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。
在大范围疫情爆发后，用于病毒检测及研究的病毒检测实验室(或生物安全实验室)也出现了较大需求，然而由于传统病毒检测实验室大多采用传统预制建筑结构，需要室内提供负压系统来对污染的空气进行处理，继而带来了如实施成本较高，建造周期较长，建成之后很难拆除，也无法预先打包储备，选址困难等问题。当病毒疫情大规模爆发时，传统现有的病毒检测实验室或生物安全实验室显然无法满足灵活且及时的搭建需求。
充气膜结构建筑体系是这些年发展起来的创新建造技术，建造速度快，性价比高，便于日常储存，并且体积压缩比高，运输快捷，便于在各个城市间调配资源，也便于利用现有的生产系统及时大规模生产和建造。
因此，在基于多年的正压充气膜结构建筑研究的基础上，本申请提出一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室，通过模块化的充气膜结构能够依据现场地形分布式快速搭建病毒检测实验室，对充气膜结构内不断充气以提供正压环境，气膜被内部气压顶起，大大简化了建筑支承的结构，并且能够确保整个空间密闭。然后搭设相关过滤、杀毒、排污等装置，以满足病毒检测实验室的安全防护等级。另外，充气膜结构可压缩折叠便于储备和运输，再通过充气可快速进行搭建，满足灵活快速搭建的需求。最后还可将搭建后的病毒检测实验室进行转移，或喷涂相关建筑材料使之成为牢固的长久性建筑。
如图1所示，展示本申请实施例中的一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的结构示意图。如图所示，所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构100。
充气膜结构100特点
气膜建筑起源于70年代，经过几十年的发展，现在普遍应用于羽毛球、网球、游泳馆等体育场馆及煤矿场、石场、水泥厂等灰尘需要密封的场合。气膜建筑在我国是一种新起的封闭式建筑，用膜材料做成封闭空间，加以锚定，配以恰当的钢缆系统，利用适当的大气压差成为能抵御风、雨、雪的封闭式气膜建筑。
现有的充气膜结构100建筑，仅供体育馆或需要密封灰尘的场合，而没有应用到应急医疗建筑方面。而如意大利建造的充气帐篷临时接诊点，也无法做到完全密封，无法对彻底隔绝病毒。
本申请中所述充气膜结构100在充入气体后可形成稳固的屋体或管状体。其中，所述充气膜结构100在充气后的形状并非仅局限于近似房屋或管状的形状，还可包括圆柱形、长方体、多棱柱等具有一定空间结构的形状。如图1B所示，本申请中所述充气膜结构100还可是椭圆(橄榄球)形的空间结构，其表面也并非限制为光滑曲线，也可以为如图1B中所示的波浪曲线。
需说明的是，在安装和使用过程中通过对充气膜结构100持续充气，以保证所述充气膜结构100能由气体膨胀而被撑起以形成屋体或管状体，并维持该空间体形状的稳固。并能在后期使所述充气膜结构100内维持正压环境，并结合适配的出气装置以维持所述充气膜结构100内压强在一定安全范围内，行形成良好的换气系统。
需要强调的是，本申请通过向所述充气膜结构100进行充气的方式，持续维持所述充气膜结构100处于正压的环境，并能够支撑所述充气膜结构100形成一定立体空间，从而无需搭配额外的如支撑架等设备来支撑充气膜结构100内的空间。
另外，所述充气膜结构100通过抽去气体进行折叠收纳。所述充气膜结构100体积压缩比高，可在有限的空间可储存大量折叠膜结构单元膜，并且一次性可运输大量折叠的膜结构单元。
优选地，所述充气膜结构100的薄膜材料主要有玻璃纤维布、塑料薄膜、金属编织物等，其中优选用玻璃纤维布，其表面可涂聚四氟乙烯等类涂料，以增加耐久性和防火性。另外，需要说明的是，在所述充气膜结构100被充气撑起后，其充气膜结构100内部可以喷涂建筑涂料，以增强稳固程度与物理防护特性，提升隔离强度等，例如，可在充气膜结构100内喷涂聚氨酯防水涂料，以增强防水性。
在上述实施例中，所述充气膜结构100还具有较好韧度，以避免在安装或使用过程中容易破损。另外，所述充气膜结构100可以为透明，或者是能够遮挡的深颜色，以满足不同需求。另外，该充气膜结构100还可根据疫情潜伏期隔离期长短或地形的复杂程度，可灵活选用不同厚薄程度的充气薄膜。
在一些可实现的实施例中，所述充气膜结构100具有内膜和外膜，所述内膜和外膜的材料的接缝可采用熔接、粘接和缝合等三种形式。所述内膜和外膜之间分割有多个连续的密封腔体；各所述密封腔体对应的外膜上设有充气口，以用于预先充气。简单来说，将充气膜结 构100设置双层可以增强气密性的保护，提高耐用性。
所述内膜和外膜之间还分割有多个连续的密封腔体。例如，假设所述充气膜结构100的形状为长方体，则长方体四周的侧面和顶面可以分别对应设置一密封腔体或多个腔体，以便在其中一个腔体破损后，仍可继续使用，而不需要马上更换整个充气膜结构100，并且可对破损的腔体进行修补以便继续使用。
本申请采用充气薄膜作为防护隔离的重要设备，能够极大降低成本并且造价低，并且便于储备和运输，安装简易，占据空间灵活，能够依据医护资源现场快速实现隔离环境的搭建。当然，为了达到病毒检测实验室的安全防护等级本申请还需要配设有相关过滤、杀毒、排污等装置，该相关装置的说明后面会详细介绍，此处仅用来说明充气膜结构100所具有的特点。
充气膜结构100形状
于本申请一实施例中，各所述充气膜结构100在充气后能形成一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元110、及一或多个用于作为辅助功能区域的副空间单元120；其中，同一所述充气膜结构100内的所述主空间单元110与各所述副空间单元120之间设有用于气密隔断或连通的内开合门131。
于本实施例中，所述充气膜结构100在充气后所形成的空间，可用于作为病毒检测实验室所需的不同功能区域，如用于放置生物安全实验室建筑技术规范所要求的生物安全柜、检测柜、离心机、CO2培养箱、摇床、冰箱、高压灭菌锅、真空泵、计算机、冷冻柜、等试验设备的样本接收区、样本采集区、试剂准备区、样本制备区、办公区、机房、及辅助实验室等，再如用于更换防护服的防护服更换区、更衣室、及休息区等，再或者作为缓冲通道进行人员或物品消毒杀菌的走廊、缓冲区，以及淋浴区、紧急洗手池、卫生间等。
于本申请中，为应对不同场景或病毒检测实验室的需求，所述各所述充气膜结构100在充气后能形成一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元110、及一或多个用于作为辅助功能区域的副空间单元120。
其中，各所述充气膜结构100各充气膜单元在一个主空间单元110基础上，为适应不同组合方式，可设计多种与副空间单元120组合的形式。如图2A-2D所示，其展示了所述副空间单元120为不同数量时与所述主空间单元110的组合形式的模块示意图。其中，图2A展示了所述副空间单元120为1个时的两种不同的组合形式(1)、(2)；图2B展示了所述副空间单元120为2个时的五种不同的组合形式(3)-(7)，主要包括所述副空间单元120在所述主空间单元110的同侧，或者不同侧等形式；图2C展示了所述副空间单元120为3个时的四种不同的组合形式(8)-(11)；图2D展示了所述副空间单元120为4个及4个以上时的 几种不同的组合形式(12)-(15)。
需要说明的是，图2A-2D所示的所述充气膜结构100的主空间单元110与副空间单元120的组合形式基本涵盖了搭建病毒检测实验室所需要的组合形式，但本申请所述的充气膜结构100的组合形式并非仅限于图2A-2D中所示。例如，多个主空间单元110与副空间单元120的组合形式、与六个以上数量的副空间单元120的组合形式、以及主空间单元110和副空间单元120均作为独立充气膜结构100进行的组合形式均属于本申请所述充气膜结构100所涵盖的范围。
另外，本申请中不仅各个所述充气膜结构100可以为不同的形状，而且相同形状的所述充气膜结构100也可以为不同的大小尺寸。
于本实施例中，多个所述充气膜结构100拼接后，根据病毒检测实验室的工作流程与生物安全实验室建筑技术规范对各主要功能区域、及辅助转换区域进行合理科学的划分。根据病毒检测实验室的工作流程与生物安全实验室建筑技术规范，在病毒检测实验室中一般需要主要功能区域与辅助功能区域。
具体来说，所述主要功能区域包括：样本接收区、试剂准备区、样本制备区、扩增区、休息区、防护服更换区、更衣室、办公室、机房、及辅助实验室中任意一或多个组合；和/或，所述辅助转换区域包括：人员出入口、垃圾出口、缓冲区、淋浴区、及卫生间中任意一或多个组合。
为使本申请所述的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室满足病毒检测实验室的工作流程与生物安全实验室建筑技术规范。本申请不仅具备病毒检测实验室依据技术规范所必需的功能区域，还依据病毒检测实验室的工作流程对主要功能区域与辅助功能区域进行合理布局划分。
如图3所示，展示为本实施例中充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的场景示意图。如图所示，用于作为样本制备区的主空间单元110所属的充气膜结构100，分别与用于作为试剂准备区、样本接收区、及扩增区的主空间单元110所属的充气膜结构100相拼接，以满足样本接收、样本制备的工作流程，并对样本制备区配置连接所需的试剂准备区、及扩增区。
一般来说，样本接收区的试验流程包括：样本接收、入库、拆包、灭活；样本制备区的试验流程包括：样本转板、RNA提取；试剂准备区的试验流程包括：试剂准备、储存及分装；扩增区的试验流程包括：PCR扩增检测。通常样本采集区、样本接收区、样本制备区、试剂准备区、扩增区所需面积为50m 2，所需温湿度需求为：温度18-27℃/湿度30-70％等。
其中，所述主要功能区域进一步包括：样本采集区；用于作为样本接收区的主空间单元110所属的充气膜结构100还与用于作为样本采集区的主空间单元110所属的充气膜结构100 相拼接，以在样本接收工作流程前增加样本采集步骤。所述样本采集区的试验流程包括：样本采集，可选择地设置于所述样本接收区之前以进行样本采集。
另外，各所述主空间单元110内通过设置内开合门131以将所述主空间单元110划分为多个小空间单元111；具体地，用于作为样本采集区的主空间单元110所属的充气膜结构100通过设置多个内开合门131，以将所述主空间单元110分别划分为用于作为样本采集区、休息区、防护服更换区、及更衣室的小空间单元111。
在实际病毒检测实验室的场景中，会存在如休息室、防护服更护区需要相临的布局安排，还如样本采集区、样本制备区、试剂区等在工作流程上需要相邻的布局安排。为满足这种布局需要，在本申请中，可将用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元110通过设置内开合门131以划分为多个小空间单元111。其不仅增加了病毒检测实验室搭建的灵活性，还节约了空间占用。
于本申请中，用于作为辅助转换区域的副空间单元120在进一步地细化中，一方面，所述垃圾出口与所述人员出入口不选择同一副空间单元120来共同使用，以减少交叉感染的风险；另一方面，可以在副空间单元120内隔离为两个独立通道或小区域，以分别作为垃圾出口与所述人员出入口。
进一步地，处理通过充气膜结构100对空间进行划分、以及通过充气膜结构100的拼接合理布局主要功能区域与辅助功能区域外，本申请还通过其它配置来进一步满足搭建病毒检测实验室所需的安全防护等级和技术规范要求。
于本申请中，各所述主空间单元110配设有空调机，以对室内空气进行加热或制冷。具体地，在图3中所述空调机体现为室内机与室外机，在实际场景中，通过空调机可以确保所述充气膜结构100内的主空间单元110、及副空间单元120内的温度在技术规范所需要的范围内，如保持在18-27℃。需说明的是，因充气膜结构100可能无法承收重物的挂靠，在具体实施场景中，可采用立式空调或对室内挂式空调配设支撑架。
各所述主空间单元110配设有加湿器，以确保所述充气膜结构100内的主空间单元110、及副空间单元120内的湿度在技术规范所需要的范围内，如保持在30-70％。
各所述主空间单元110顶部开设有一或多个天窗以用于采光或通风。在实际场景中，可通过天窗满足实际场景中病毒检测实验室所需的采光和通风需求。并且所述天窗的开口，会设置向外的单向过滤装置。其中，所述天窗的位置示意图可参考后文的附图5中标号160所示。
当然，本申请中为满足病毒检测实验室的安全防护等级和技术规范要求，还配设有相应 的过滤装置、空气消毒装置150、及各种进出水管、污水管等相应配套设施，具体在下文进行说明。
充气膜结构100连接
在本申请中，主要通过不同充气膜结构100的拼接组合形成能够适应不同地形和不同病毒检测需求的病毒检测实验室。具体地，所述拼接组合主要遵循：各所述充气膜结构100的主空间单元110之间通过所述副空间单元120进行连通。
由于病毒检测实验室内空气污染程度高的环境下，每一次人员或物品的进出，或者不同工作流程的交接，都需要及时进行新的消毒杀菌处理。因此，针对病毒检测实验室内工作环境的实际需求，在本申请中，对每一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元110之间的连通，通过连接副空间单元120来进行消毒杀菌的过渡缓冲。而不同充气膜结构100之间的拼接，则主要用到本申请中设计的外开合门132、及外开合门132门框处预设的气密连接件。
具体来说，各所述主空间单元110、及各所述副空间单元120分别设有一或多个外开合门132；来自一所述充气膜结构100的外开合门132与来自另一所述充气膜结构100的外开合门132通过对齐并利用各自所述外开合门132门框处预设的气密连接件进行的气密性连接。
于本申请一实施例中，所述内开合门131与所述外开合门132的开合方式相同，包括但不限于：拉链、磁力吸附、粘贴、挂钩、及卡扣中任意一种或多种组合。例如，所述内开合门131与所述外开合门132的门体仍为充气膜材料，在门体中间及底部设置缝隙，然后在缝隙处通过缝合或粘粘设置气密性拉链、磁条、磁力按扣、魔力贴、挂扣、卡扣组件等，通过拉动拉链的实现门体的开合，或者是按下按钮、卡扣组件的插拔等实现门体的开合。
另外，所述气密连接件包括但不限于：磁条、磁扣、粘条、双面胶条、胶带、胶水、夹条、及气密拉链中任意一种或多种组合。该气密连接件与所述内开合门131与所述外开合门132的开合方式存在异曲同工之处，即所述内开合门131与所述外开合门132的开合方式可采用所述的气密连接件实现。
充气膜结构100换气
本申请所述的充气膜结构100需要不断充气实现正压结构，一方面用于支撑充气膜结构100的稳固；另一方面，也可使空间内系统密闭，避免病毒细菌外泄扩散，在这一方面，其与传统病毒检测实验室采用负压空调系统实现室内病毒细菌不向外扩散的原理近似。
当然，在实际场景中，不断的向所述的充气膜结构100充气是不行的，会出现内部压强过大而撑爆充气膜结构100的情况，因此，还需要设置相应的排风系统，以限制内容压强处于一安全压强范围内，以实现各充气膜结构100所搭建的病毒检测实验室内部的循环换气。
如图4A所示，展示为本申请一实施例中充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的平面示意图。如图所示，于本申请一实施例中，各所述充气膜结构100内的主空间单元110设有单向进风口141，所述单向进风口141外部连接带过滤装置的新风机；各所述充气膜结构100内的内开合门131上设有带过滤装置的单向通风口142，以使所述主空间单元110内的气体流向所述副空间单元120；所述副空间单元120中与所述内开合门131相邻的侧面上设有带过滤装置的单向出风口143以供向外排气。
需要说明的是，图中仅以一充气膜结构100为例来展示本申请中其内部结构及相关设置的示意说明，且仅以一充气膜结构100为例展示本申请中充气膜结构100内空气流动的示意说明。但须知的是，其他充气膜结构100也同样适用。
其中，单向进风口141通过设置单向阀以实现单向进风，单向通风口142通过设置单向阀以实现单向通风，所述单向出风口143通过设置单向阀以实现单向排风。
简单来说，首先，所述新风机提供新风后通过所述单向进风口141使所述充气膜结构100内充满气体而被撑起，以形成所述主空间单元110、及一或多个所述副空间单元120。
新风机提供的新风并不断充入主空间单元110，由于主空间单元110于各副空间单元120之间的内开合门131上设置有单向通风口142，从而使得进入主空间单元110会流向各副空间单元120。当然，在通过设置内开合门131将所述主空间单元110划分为多个用于作为主要功能区域的小空间单元111的实施例中，主空间单元110内的气流同样会通过内开合门131上设置有单向通风口142按预设方向流动，并实现最终流入副空间单元120。
其次，再通过各所述副空间单元120侧面上设置的所述单向出风口143向外为排出气体，从而将充气膜结构100内部的气体流道外部，使所述充气膜结构100在充气后形成正压空间并使得气体的有序流动。
需要说明的是，由于新风机带有过滤装置，所述单向通风口142、及单向出风口143均设置有过滤装置，因此，整个循环过程，可确保进入的空气干净无污染。其中，所述过滤装置用于过滤99％的细菌和病毒；所述过滤装置为多层HEPA高效过滤网。
HEPA(High efficiency particulate air Filter)，中文意思为高效空气过滤器，达到HEPA标准的过滤网，对于0.1微米和0.3微米的有效率达到99.7％，HEPA网的特点是空气可以通过，但细小的微粒却无法通过。它对直径为0.3微米(头发直径的1/200)以上的微粒去除效率可达到99.97％以上，是烟雾、灰尘以及细菌等污染物最有效的过滤媒介。HEPA分PP滤纸、玻璃纤维、复合PP PET滤纸、熔喷涤纶无纺布和熔喷玻璃纤维五种材质。特点：风阻大，容尘量大，过滤精度高，可以根据客户需要加工成各种尺寸和形状，适合不同的机型使用。
如图4B所示，展示为本申请另一实施例中充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的平面示意图。如图所示，其为对应如图1B充气膜结构100为椭圆(橄榄球)形的空间结构的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室所呈现的平面结构示意图。
其中，需说明的是，两个所述充气膜结构100的主空间单元110之间的连通，并非仅为图3或图4A中所示的副空间单元120结构，在如图4B的实施例中，所述副空间单元120还可设置为箱体大小以作为递送窗口，从而可以减少人员出入次数。可呈现出两所述充气膜结构100的主空间单元110之间拼接，仅在两主空间单元110之间设立递送窗口即可。或者，所述副空间单元120还可作为如图1B中所述主空间单元110独立的递送窗口。
优选地，在本申请中，还可针对单向进风口141、单向通风口142、及所述单向出风口143设置一套新风系统。如图5所示，将单向进风口141、单向通风口142通过管道系统进行设置，以便于换风系统或装置的调整和设置。其中位于副空间单元120的所述单向出风口143并未在图5中示出，但可以知道的是，所述单向通风口142通过管道与单向通风口142相连接。
在本申请中，通过对各所述充气膜结构100在单向进风口141、单向通风口142、单向出风口143设置过滤装置，在各主空间单元110、各副空间单元120设置空气消毒装置150，实现整个病毒检测实验室的多层消毒杀菌、多层过滤，能实现各所述充气膜结构100内不同空间单元的污染隔断，同时还使所搭建的病毒检测实验室内外污染隔断。
相关配设装置
为了达到病毒检测实验室的安全防护等级，本申请还配设有相关过滤、杀毒、排污等装置，具体来说，各所述主空间单元110与所述副空间单元120内分别设有一或多个空气消毒装置150。其中，所述空气消毒装置150包括：等离子消毒机、紫外线臭氧器、干雾型过氧化氢灭菌器中任意一种或多种组合。
等离子体空气消毒机，是具有国际先进水平的等离子空气消毒机，可以高效杀菌性等离子体灭菌消毒效果极强，且作用时间短，是高强紫外线所远远不及的。紫外线臭氧器也叫臭氧发生器，是用于制取臭氧气体(O3)的装置。臭氧易于分解无法储存，需现场制取现场使用(特殊的情况下可进行短时间的储存)，所以凡是能用到臭氧的场所均需使用臭氧发生器。臭氧发生器在饮用水，污水，工业氧化，食品加工和保鲜，医药合成，空间灭菌等领域广泛应用。臭氧发生器产生的臭氧气体可以直接利用，也可以通过混合装置和液体混合参与反应。
于本申请一实施例中，各所述充气膜结构100之间、及同一所述充气膜结构100内所述主空间单元110与各所述副空间单元120之间配设连通有进水管道、污水管道、防渗排水管 道、电缆芯、及信号线中任意一种或多种。这里可参考图6，其中，附图中标号300可表示为进水管道、污水管道、防渗排水管道、电缆芯、及信号线中任意一种或多种。
需要说明的是，附图6展示为充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的整体结构示意图，在本申请中所述的进水管道、污水管道、防渗排水管道、电缆芯、及信号线等，有些因设置于充气膜结构100内部或被遮挡在不明显位置而未能直观表示出来，但须知的是，本申请所述的进水管道、污水管道、防渗排水管道、电缆芯、及信号线等，并非仅局限于图6中展示的数量或布局。
在本申请中，为达到病毒检测实验室的安全防护等级，根据充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的实际布局，还配设有相关排污系统、进水系统、防渗排水管沟、以及电缆通信线路。举例来说，各充气膜结构100还设有用于连通进水管道、污水管道、电缆芯、及信号线等的连通孔，并在连通好后，通过封胶、填充物等进行严密的密封，以保证空间内的气密性。
于本申请一实施例中，各所述副空间单元120配设有废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置中任意一种或多种。例如，用于作为卫生间的副空间单元120，通过配置废渣收集与处理装置、及废液处理装置，可以产生的废渣和废液进行处理。如所述废渣收集与处理装置、及废液处理装置收纳如冲马桶的废水或排泄物、以及洗漱、淋浴的废水，通过对废水和废渣进行电加热方式的烘干以蒸发废水或烘干剩余废渣，可以减少污染和方便二次转移。
其中，所述废气处理装置还可与各所述副空间单元120的单向出风口143进行连通，以将从所述副空间单元120派出的废气直接进行处理。
需要说明的是，本申请中所述的废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置在实际充气膜结构病毒检测实验室的过程中各充气膜结构100的实际布局灵活搭建，在本申请中也不限制所述废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置的具体连接方式。在本申请中，所述的废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置均可采用现有技术的处理装置或处理方式。举例来说，所述废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置可以是埋入土体，而未在附图6中显示。
充气膜结构100改造
在本实施例中，基于所述充气膜的结构特点，可以在充气膜结构100外表面喷涂建筑工业材料以增强稳固程度与物理防护特性，提升隔离强度等，例如，可在充气膜结构100内喷涂聚氨酯防水涂料，以增强防水性。
或者，在本申请中还可以在充气膜结构100外表面浇筑混凝土，不仅能使充气膜结构病 毒检测实验室更加坚固，并且还能使其成为长久性建筑，以将临时性病毒检测实验室改造升级为长久性建筑结构的病毒检测实验室。
本申请所述的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室可作为临时建筑，能适应不同的地形，对用地基础要求低，可以快速机动的实施。采用模块化充气膜结构100，由主空间单元110和副空间单元120组成。多个充气膜结构100可以组合拼接，方便根据不同地形进行机动化组装，可以适应不同的地形。
在疫情爆发时，可作为临时性建筑靠近疫情爆发地，应急使用。而在疫情高峰期过去之后，本申请所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室可以抽去气体，将充气膜结构100消毒进行回收；或者，将病毒检测实验室以各充气膜结构100位单位，逐一转移至新的地址再重新拼接，然后可以通过在气膜表面喷筑建筑材料浇筑混凝土，使所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室形成为长久性的壳体建筑结构，喷筑后的壳体结构可以进一步被改建为覆土建筑。
另外，在本申请中还可在充气膜结构100外表面覆盖植被，以增加美观，与搭建场地更好的融合。
如图6所示，图中标号200可以表示本申请中所述的喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被。
需要说明的是，附图6展示为整体结构，其他相关装置或设备并未重点展示出来，其并非表示其他相关装置或设备不适用于本申请中，这一点对本领域技术人员来说是能够理解到的。
于本申请一实施例中，在所述充气膜结构100外表面通过喷涂建筑工业材料或浇筑混凝土改造为长久性建筑后，由于其结构强度得到极大加强，所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室便可像传统结构的病毒检测实验室一样，具有提供负压环境的基础。此时，通过反向调整所述单向进风口141、单向通风口142、及单向出风口143的流通方向，可使所述充气膜结构内的正压环境，在所述充气膜结构经喷涂或浇筑建筑材料后，转换为负压环境。
例如，借助如图5所示的换气系统或新风系统，通过整体调整所述单向进风口141、单向通风口142、及单向出风口143的流通方向，然后再通过空调系统和如图5所示的换气系统或新风系统，可在所述充气膜结构100提供负压，以将正压环境转换为负压环境。
与传统负压环境的病毒检测实验室相比，本申请所述的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室不仅能提供正压环境来实现病毒细菌的隔离，还能在喷涂或浇筑工业材料坚固结构后，借助空调系统转换为负压环境。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本申请提供一种的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室；所述 充气膜结构病毒检测实验室包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构100；所述充气膜结构100外表面通过喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被，以使所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室成为长久性覆土结构建筑。这里可参考附图5所示，其中，喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被可表示为图6中标号200。
综上所述，本申请提供的一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室，包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构；各所述充气膜结构在充气后能形成一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元、及一或多个用于作为辅助功能区域的副空间单元；其中，同一所述充气膜结构内的所述主空间单元与各所述副空间单元之间设有用于气密隔断或连通的内开合门；各所述充气膜结构的主空间单元之间通过所述副空间单元进行连通；其中，各所述主空间单元、及各所述副空间单元分别设有一或多个外开合门；来自一所述充气膜结构的外开合门与来自另一所述充气膜结构的外开合门通过对齐并利用各自所述外开合门门框处预设的气密连接件进行的气密性连接；各所述充气膜结构内的主空间单元设有单向进风口，所述单向进风口外部连接带过滤装置的新风机；各所述充气膜结构内的内开合门上设有带过滤装置的单向通风口，以使所述主空间单元内的气体流向所述副空间单元；所述副空间单元中与所述内开合门相邻的侧面上设有带过滤装置的单向出风口以供向外排气；通过反向调整所述单向进风口、单向通风口、及单向出风口的流通方向，可使所述充气膜结构内的正压环境，在所述充气膜结构经喷涂或浇筑建筑材料后，借助空调系统转换为负压环境；各所述主空间单元与所述副空间单元内分别设有一或多个空气消毒装置。
本申请有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本申请的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本申请。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本申请的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本申请所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本申请的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种充气膜结构病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构；
    各所述充气膜结构在充气后能形成一个用于作为主要功能区域的主空间单元、及一或多个用于作为辅助功能区域的副空间单元；其中，同一所述充气膜结构内的所述主空间单元与各所述副空间单元之间设有用于气密隔断或连通的内开合门；
    各所述充气膜结构的主空间单元之间通过所述副空间单元进行连通；其中，各所述主空间单元、及各所述副空间单元分别设有一或多个外开合门；来自一所述充气膜结构的外开合门与来自另一所述充气膜结构的外开合门通过对齐并利用各自所述外开合门门框处预设的气密连接件进行的气密性连接；
    各所述充气膜结构内的主空间单元设有单向进风口，所述单向进风口外部连接带过滤装置的新风机；各所述充气膜结构内的内开合门上设有带过滤装置的单向通风口，以使所述主空间单元内的气体流向所述副空间单元；所述副空间单元中与所述内开合门相邻的侧面上设有带过滤装置的单向出风口以供向外排气；
    通过反向调整所述单向进风口、单向通风口、及单向出风口的流通方向，可使所述充气膜结构内的正压环境，在所述充气膜结构经喷涂或浇筑建筑材料后，借助新风系统和空调系统转换为负压环境；
    各所述主空间单元与所述副空间单元内分别设有一或多个空气消毒装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述新风机提供新风后通过所述单向进风口使所述充气膜结构内充满气体而被撑起，以形成所述主空间单元、及一或多个所述副空间单元；所述充气膜结构内的气体通过所述单向通风口由所述主空间单元向各所述副空间单元流动，再通过各所述副空间单元侧面上设置的所述单向出风口向外排出气体，以使所述充气膜结构在充气后形成正压空间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，多个所述充气膜结构拼接后，根据病毒检测实验室的工作流程与生物安全实验室建筑技术规范对各主要功能区域、及辅助转换区域进行划分。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述主要功能区域包括：样本接收区、试剂准备区、样本制备区、扩增区、休息区、防护服更换区、更衣室、办公室、机房、及辅助实验室中任意一或多个组合；
    和/或，
    所述辅助转换区域包括：人员出入口、垃圾出口、缓冲区、淋浴区、及卫生间中任意一或 多个组合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，用于作为样本制备区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构，分别与用于作为试剂准备区、样本接收区、及扩增区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构相拼接，以满足样本接收、样本制备的工作流程，并对样本制备区配置连接所需的试剂准备区、及扩增区。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述主要功能区域进一步包括：样本采集区；用于作为样本接收区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构还与用于作为样本采集区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构相拼接，以在样本接收工作流程前增加样本采集步骤。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，各所述主空间单元内通过设置内开合门以将所述主空间单元划分为多个小空间单元；
    用于作为样本采集区的主空间单元所属的充气膜结构通过设置多个内开合门，以将所述主空间单元分别划分为用于作为样本采集区、休息区、防护服更换区、及更衣室的小空间单元。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，各所述主空间单元配设有空调机，以对室内空气进行加热或制冷；和/或，各所述主空间单元配设有加湿器，以满足湿度要求；和/或，各所述主空间单元顶部开设有一或多个天窗以用于采光或通风。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述空气消毒装置包括：等离子消毒机、紫外线臭氧器、干雾型过氧化氢灭菌器中任意一种或多种组合。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述过滤装置为多层HEPA高效过滤网以用于过滤细菌和病毒。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述内开合门与所述外开合门的开合方式包括：拉链、磁力吸附、粘贴、挂钩、及卡扣中任意一种或多种组合。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述气密连接件包括：磁条、磁扣、粘条、双面胶条、胶带、胶水、夹条、及气密拉链中任意一种或多种组合。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，各所述充气膜结构之间、及同一所述充气膜结构内所述主空间单元与各所述副空间单元之间配设连通有进水管道、污水管道、防渗排水管道、电缆芯、及信号线中任意一种或多种。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，各所述副空间单元配设有废渣收集与处理装置、废气处理装置、废液处理装置中任意一种或多种。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，各所述充气膜结构通过抽去气体能 实现折叠收纳。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，所述充气膜结构外表面能通过喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被中任意一种或多种组合以实现性能升级或改造为长久性建筑。
  17. 一种覆土结构病毒检测实验室，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1至16中任意一所述的充气膜结构病毒检测实验室；所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室包括：多个充气可形成屋体或管状体的充气膜结构；
    所述充气膜结构外表面通过喷涂建筑工业材料、浇筑混凝土、及覆盖植被，以使所述充气膜结构病毒检测实验室成为长久性覆土结构建筑。
PCT/CN2020/083328 2020-03-27 2020-04-03 充气膜结构病毒检测实验室、及覆土结构病毒检测实验室 Ceased WO2021189526A1 (zh)

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