WO2021188090A1

WO2021188090A1 - Bucket elevator for bulk materials

Info

Publication number: WO2021188090A1
Application number: PCT/UA2021/000018
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Моисеевич КОВШАРЬ; Алексей Николаевич БУЙНОВСКИЙ
Original assignee: Владимир Моисеевич КОВШАРЬ; Алексей Николаевич БУЙНОВСКИЙ
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2021-02-15
Publication date: 2021-09-23

Abstract

A bucket elevator is intended for transporting bulk materials. A tensioning drum is mounted in a head of the elevator, while a driving drum is arranged in a shoe. The buckets of a traction belt are designed with diverging guide elements on the side walls. In the lower part of the shoe body there are paired slots which make it possible to transport the elevator in assembled form using a forklift. A tensioner of the traction belt is combined with lifting lugs. The driving drum is adjusted by fastening on self-aligning bearings, one of which can move vertically, while an adjustment assembly is in the form of a pressure bolt mounted on a bracket. The driving drum is kinematically linked directly to a reduction gear axle, the torque being transmitted via a lever of a motor reduction gear and a bracket, which are flexible in mutually perpendicular planes. A shoe is equipped with a quick-release hatch and a pull-out tray. The bucket elevator is equipped with a device for monitoring efficiency, which is designed in the form of a strain gauge and a display unit. Effect: Damage to grain material is reduced and type-mixing of grain material is eliminated; reliability is increased and designs are simplified; the elevator may be transported in assembled form; universality of the elevator.

Description

BUCKET ELEVATOR (NORIA) FOR BULK MATERIALS

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to hoisting-and-transport engineering, or rather, to continuous conveyor machines with a flexible traction body, namely, to bucket elevators (bucket elevators) designed for vertical movement of grain and other bulk materials, and can be used to lift material during mechanization production processes in the production of seeds, in elevators, mills, feed and cereal factories, in plant growing and animal husbandry, in the processing, coal and chemical industries, in the manufacture of building mixtures, etc.

Prior art

Known bucket elevator (bucket elevator) for bulk materials, containing a head with a driving drum and a drive station, connected by welded elevator pipes with a shoe with a driven drum, placed in the elevator pipes, an endless belt with buckets mounted on it. The driving and driven drums are cylindrical and made of cast iron [see. book: Kulikov V.N., Milovidov M.E. Equipment for enterprises of the elevator and grain processing industry. - M .: VO

"Agropromizdat", 1991. - S. 12-30]. The disadvantages of this bucket elevator (bucket elevator) are a high degree of injury to grain, a high fire hazard due to possible slippage of the belt on a smooth drum, and adhesion of spilled grain on the drum.

The closest in essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is a bucket elevator (elevator) for bulk materials, containing a head with a drive drum installed in it, connected by elevator pipes with a receiving shoe installed with the possibility of vertical movement along the elevator using a tension mechanism , and includes a body with a semicircular bottom and a tension drum located in it, a traction belt located in the elevator pipes with buckets attached to it and fixed vertical guide posts located on both sides of the shoe, on which a supporting frame with elevator pipes mounted on it is installed ... The shoe is connected to the elevator pipes by means of a stationary box fixed on the supporting frame, installed with the possibility of vertical movement along the elevator by connecting the shoe body to the supporting frame using at least two tensioning drum tension mechanisms installed on both sides of the shoe, and supported on rack guides, made in the form of channels, through sliding bearings, the tension drum is installed with the possibility of vertical movement along the shoe body, the bottom of the body is removable [see. pat. Russian Federation Ns 2456222 for class B65G 17/02, B65G 17/30, published on July 20, 2012 in Bul. Ns 20]. The prototype does not specifically describe the design of the drums, but it is presented in the patent RU 54922 U1 in the class B65G 17/02, B65G 17/36, published on July 27, 2006 in Bull. N 21. The cylindrical surface of the driving and driven drums is made in the form of a set of separate plates installed with a gap and forming the drum surface. Grain that has fallen on the drum during the descent from the buckets spills into the gaps between the plates. These drums are also accepted as prototypes.

The main disadvantage of the known bucket elevator for bulk materials is trauma to bulk material due to the use of buckets with centrifugal discharge and damage to the material spilled onto the lower drum between the surface of the drum and the traction belt. The material that got into its internal cavity is not discharged from it, as a result of which it is injured.

The next disadvantage of the known bucket elevator for bulk materials is the complexity of the mechanisms for adjusting the tension of the traction belt and the mechanism for aligning the tension drum in the horizontal plane. The presence of this drawback is due to the fact that in order to tension the traction belt, the shoe must be lowered down along the frame, for which the structure has a supporting frame, guide posts, tension mechanisms are located on both sides of the shoe, which, in general, complicates the design of the bucket elevator, and also becomes more complicated his service. In addition, free space must be left under the shoe to allow the shoe to slide downwards, which increases the overall height of the bucket elevator, reducing its vertical stability. The implementation of the drive and tension drums from separate rubberized plates in the known design of the bucket elevator makes it possible to somewhat reduce the trauma of the transported material and the slipping of the traction belt and to increase the reliability of the adhesion of the drums to the traction belt. However, making the drums lamellar with gaps between the plates, leads to the ingress of grain material into the cavity of the lower drum and does not exclude the possibility of grain getting between the traction belt and the drum, which leads to the destruction of the grain material that has fallen under the plates (and injury of the material due to the lack of unloading from the cavity of the drum due to repeated movement of the material inside the cavity of the rotating drum), which is the third significant drawback of the known bucket elevator. In addition, making the drums plate-like, even rubberized, still does not completely solve the problem of traction belt slippage. When overloading oilseeds, some of the grains still fall under the traction belt on the surface of the tension drum, which are crushed and compressed and contaminate the material being moved, oil is squeezed out of them, which lubricates the surface of the rubber coating, which ultimately leads to slipping of the traction belt and is also another disadvantage of the known bucket elevator.

Another disadvantage of the known bucket elevator is the complexity of its maintenance when switching to another type of transported grain material. To clean the shoe from the remnants of the grain in it, it is necessary remove the bottom of the shoe. Difficulty cleaning up spilled material on the floor due to the construction of the shoe frame.

Another disadvantage of the known elevator design is that it lacks means for moving the assembled elevator in a vertical position to a new technological position. Since there are no means for gripping with lifting means in its design (there are no eyes, slots, hooks).

In addition, in the design of the known bucket elevator there are no means for monitoring the indication of its performance, which is another disadvantage of the prototype.

The disadvantage of the known bucket elevator should also be recognized that the shoe has a receiving (loading) nose, and not a hopper. The presence of a loading nose sharply limits the capabilities of the bucket elevator. Loading through such a sock can be carried out only with the use of intermediate technological equipment - seed pipes, conveyors, and loading directly from the technological equipment and from the bag container is practically impossible.

The problem to be solved

The basis of the invention is the task of further improving the design of the bucket elevator (bucket elevator) by reducing injury and eliminating the mixing of grain material by replacing the location of the drive and tension drums, changing the design of the drums, the traction belt buckets are made with enlarged guide side walls _. enhancing its operational reliability, simplification of the design by combining the lifting ears with the tensioner of the traction belt, as well as by introducing additional elements into the design that provide the possibility of transporting the assembled elevator, control of performance, the ability to work in the mode of the dosing device, ease of cleaning the shoe when changing the material to be loaded , loading material without intermediate devices into the hopper, which allows to provide the versatility of the elevator.

The essence of the invention

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a bucket elevator (bucket elevator) for bulk materials, containing a head with a drum, connected by elevator pipes with a shoe, in which a second drum is located, a traction belt located in the elevator pipes with buckets attached to it and a tension mechanism for the traction belt, According to the proposal, a tension drum is installed in the head, and the drive drum is located in the shoe, while the traction belt buckets are made with enlarged diverging guide elements on the side walls to reduce the number of backspills of the transported material, in addition, in the lower part of the shoe body, paired slots are made for the possibility of transporting the assembled elevator in a vertical position using a forklift, as well as the tensioner of the traction belt is combined with lifting ears, and the adjustment of the drive drum is provided by its fastening on self-aligning bearings, one of which has the ability to vertically real displacement, and the adjusting unit is made in the form of a pressure bolt mounted on a special bracket, and the drive drum is kinematically connected directly to the gearbox axis, and the torque is transmitted through the gearbox lever and bracket, which are flexible in mutually perpendicular planes, and the shoe is equipped with a quick-release hatch and a retractable pallet for quick cleaning of the shoe when changing the type of transported material, as well as the bucket elevator is equipped with a device for monitoring its performance, made in the form of a strain gauge and an indication unit. The load cell and the display unit, in conjunction with the frequency converter, allow you to adjust the speed of the traction belt, ensuring the operation of the elevator in the mode of the dosing device.

As a tension and drive drums, drums for a belt elevator were used according to the patent RU 192964 U1, class B65G 23/04, 17/12, 17/16 published on 08.10.2019 in Bull. Ns 28, which is formed by a set of V-shaped ribs, located tops on the plane of symmetry of the drum, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum and directed along the course of rotation of the drum with a step that ensures their mutual overlap. The outer edges of the ribs form a barrel-shaped surface in contact with the traction belt. When the drum rotates in contact with the traction belt, the lateral surfaces of the ribs form inclined channels through which the seeds that have fallen into the inside of the drum are carried out of the drum by gravitational forces. A support disk is installed in the central part of the drum, on which the tops of the V-shaped ribs rest. On the sides of the drum there may be side discs are installed, on which the edges of the V-shaped ribs rest. Such drums completely exclude injury and mixing of grain material, and also provide a decrease in pulsations of the speed of the traction belt.

Due to the transfer of the drive drum to the shoe, grain trauma is reduced due to a decrease in the technological residue of the transported material, and it also became possible to shift the center of gravity of the bucket elevator downward, which, together with a detachable loading hopper, increases its stability. Since the center of gravity of the bucket elevator is shifted to its lower part, it can be safely moved (transported) using a forklift, for which there are paired slots in the shoe body. Since the traction belt tensioner is integrated with the assembled elevator transport device, the design of the elevator is simplified.

Side walls with cantilever protruding wings at the rear of the bucket prevent grain spillage when unloading buckets in the bucket elevator head (bucket elevator).

The use of the shoe design, which allows the joint use of a quick-release hatch and a pull-out tray under the shoe, makes it possible to simplify and speed up the process of complete cleaning of the bucket elevator from grain material when switching to a new type of material being reloaded.

Installation of the drive drum on self-aligning bearings, one of which has the ability to move vertically, simplifies the design of its adjusting device, as well as reduce the number of adjusting mechanisms to a minimum. The connection of the drive drum directly to the axis of the drive motor-reducer eliminates the need for intermediate couplings and installs the load cell between the lever of the motor-reducer and the bracket, which have flexibility in mutually perpendicular planes, thereby simplifying the design and increasing the functionality and reliability of the bucket elevator drive.

The presence of a strain gauge and a control device, made, for example, in the form of a strain gauge and an indication unit, allows you to set the required capacity of the bucket elevator, and it is also possible to operate the elevator in the mode of a dosing device by changing the speed of the traction belt, for example, by controlling the operation of the gear motor using a strain gauge and a control device that controls a frequency converter or other drive device for a similar purpose.

List of figures illustrative materials

The further essence of the invention is explained in conjunction with the illustrative material, which shows the following: figure 1 - General view of the proposed bucket elevator; figure 2 - the design of the head of the bucket elevator; figure 3 - the design of the traction belt with buckets; figure 4 - the structure of the shoe of the bucket elevator; figure 5 - the design of the feed hopper; figure 6 - the design of the drive of the driving drum; figure 7 - the structure of the adjustment device of the driving drum; Figure 8 is a strain gauge installation option.

Description of the preferred embodiment of the invention

The bucket elevator (elevator) for bulk materials consists of a head 1, a shoe 2, connected by elevator pipes 3, made in the form of bearing sections with channels 4 for a traction belt 5 with buckets 6, on one of the sections of which there is a control panel 7 for the operation of the bucket elevator. A tensioner 8 is mounted on the head 1, combined with lifting ears 9, and on the shoe 2 is a drive station made in the form of a gear motor 10. A detachable loading hopper 11 is attached to the shoe 2, which provides not only an increase in the stability of the bucket elevator, but also the ability to load into it grain material in any known way. In the lower part of the shoe body 2, a quick-release hatch 12 is installed and paired slots 13 are made for transporting the assembled bucket elevator in a vertical position using, for example, a forklift truck (not shown). Under the shoe 2 there is a pull-out tray 14 for prompt cleaning of the shoe 2 if necessary, for example, when changing the type of transported material. The use of a quick-release hatch 12 and a pull-out pallet 14 in the design excludes the material being transported on the floor and the need to disassemble the shoe 2 for these purposes.

A tension drum 15 is installed in the head 1, which bends around the traction belt 5 with load-carrying ones attached to it elements - buckets 6. The side walls 16 of the buckets 6 are made with enlarged diverging guide elements 17 to reduce backspills of the transported material.

A drive drum 18 is installed in the shoe 2. The tension drum 15 and the drive drum 18 have the same design and consist of a hub 19, two end discs 20 with equally spaced cradle 21. In the cradle 21 ribs 22 are installed, which diverge at an angle in different directions from the center of the drum 18 (15). The upper protruding ends of the ribs 22 are made convex, and form the ribbed surface of the drums 15 and 18 of the barrel-shaped (convex) shape.

On the axis 23 of the drive drum 18, there is a gear motor 10 on which a lever 24 is mounted, connected by a spring 25 through a tensioner 26 with a bracket 27, which is mounted on the body of the shoe 2. The lever 24 and the bracket 27 have flexibility in mutually perpendicular planes, which makes it possible to transfer the rotating moment on the drive drum 18 when the tilt of its axis of rotation is changed by an adjusting device made in the form of a pressure bolt mounted on a special bracket located on the side opposite to the gear motor 10 on the shoe body 2 and to compensate for the misalignment of the mating of the gear motor 10 with the axis 23. The lever 24, connected by the spring 25 through the tensioner 26 with the bracket 27, allows you to replace the clutch and performs the function of protecting the electric motor (drive) from overloads using the limit switch 28. When overloaded, the lever 24 deflects downward and the limit switch 28 cuts off the power supply from the bucket elevator. Effort n spring 25, which is set by the tensioner 26, the limit switch actuation threshold 28 is set.

Grain material is fed into the shoe 2 through the window 29 from the loading hopper 11. The consumption of the loaded material is regulated by the degree of filling the buckets 6 with the slide gate 30 and the speed of the traction belt 5.

Self-aligning bearings 31, one of which has the ability to move vertically, of the drive drum 18 are installed with a gap 32 on the body of the shoe 2, which prevents dust from entering them during the operation of the bucket elevator. Adjustment of the drive drum 18 is carried out by vertical movement of the self-aligning bearing 31 using an adjusting device 33. On the shoe 2, viewing windows 34 are mounted to control the operation of the bucket elevator.

At the interface of the lever 24 with the bracket 27, a strain gauge 35 or other force control unit of any known design can be installed (Fig. 8).

The proposed bucket elevator works as follows:

Grain (or other bulk material) enters the shoe 2 through the loading opening 30 from the loading hopper 11. The gear motor 10 rotates the drive drum 18 and drives the traction belt 5 with buckets mounted on it 6. The buckets 6 smoothly enter the grain mass in shoe 2 and come out, scooping up grain from it. Buckets 6 with grain along the working branch of the traction belt 5 rise up the elevator pipes 3 into the head 1, where, when bending around the tension drum 15, they are unloaded into the unloading branch pipe. In the presence of a reverse rash, grains of bulk material randomly fall down, including onto the drive drum 18. Due to the ribbed chevron structure of the latter, the grains of material falling into the drum 18 end up on the inclined surfaces of the ribs 22, along which they slide outside the drive drum 18.

If it is necessary to transport other bulk material, open the quick-release hatch 12 and unload the remnants of the previous material into the pull-out tray 14.

A significant difference between the proposed technical solution, from the previously known ones, is that the drive drum is located in the shoe, the drive and tension drums are made in the form of self-cleaning chevron wheels, the tensioning mechanisms of the traction belt are combined with lifting ears and are located in the head, and the buckets of the traction belt are equipped with elongated side walls, the shoe is equipped with a device that allows the elevator to be transported vertically in assembled form, the elevator is equipped with a means for indicating performance. The listed distinctive features, in aggregate, made it possible to exclude variety mixing and reduce injury to grain material, lower the center of gravity of the elevator, reduce backspills, control the performance of the elevator and increase its versatility due to the possibility of loading without intermediate machines, simplify the shoe cleaning procedure when changing the transported material, transport the assembled elevator. None of the known belt elevators can have these properties, since they do not contain a fundamental set of essential features inherent in the claimed technical solution.

The proposed technical solution has been tested in practice. The declared bucket elevator (bucket elevator) for bulk materials does not contain units and parts that could not be reproduced taking into account the latest achievements of science and technology, in particular, in the design of hoisting and transport machines, therefore, the claimed technical solution is industrially applicable. In the patent documentation and other sources of scientific and technical information, no similar bucket elevators with the above-described essential features have been identified, from which it follows that the claimed technical solution meets the "novelty" criterion.

The claimed set of essential features does not follow from the prior art, therefore, the proposed elevator meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Technical advantages of the invention

The technical advantages of the claimed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- elimination of mixing and reduction of injury to grain material due to the use of drums of a special design and a decrease in the technological volume of the transported material in the shoe;

- simplification of the cleaning process of the elevator shoe due to the possibility of joint use of the quick-release hatch and a pull-out pallet located under the shoe and preventing spills from falling on the floor of the room;

- displacement of the center of gravity of the elevator downward due to the placement of the drive drum and drive station in the shoe;

- the possibility of transporting the assembled elevator in a vertical position for the same reason and due to the availability of means for gripping with a forklift;

- versatility due to the fact that the elevator is equipped with a loading hopper that allows loading it with bulk material from any type of container;

- simplification of the elevator design by combining the tensioning mechanism of the traction belt with lifting ears;

- the presence of a lever in the drive station, which is in contact with the bracket, makes it possible to install a strain gauge between them to control the performance of the elevator and, as a consequence, the elevator can operate in the dosing device mode by changing the speed of the traction belt.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Bucket elevator (bucket elevator) for bulk materials, containing a head with a drum connected by elevator pipes with a shoe, which houses a second drum, a traction belt placed in the elevator pipes with buckets attached to it and a tensioning mechanism for the traction belt, about t l and h A tension drum is installed in the head, and the drive drum is located in the shoe, while the traction belt buckets are made with diverging guide elements on the side walls to reduce the number of backspills of the transported material, in addition , in the lower part of the shoe housing, paired slots are made for the possibility of transporting the assembled elevator in a vertical position using a forklift, as well as the tension belt tensioner is combined with lifting ears, and the adjustment of the drive drum is provided by its fastening on self-aligning bearings, one of which has the ability vertical movement, and the adjusting unit in It is made in the form of a pressure bolt mounted on a bracket, and the drive drum is kinematically connected directly to the gearbox axis, and the torque is transmitted through the gearmotor lever and the bracket, which are flexible in mutually perpendicular planes, and the shoe is equipped with a quick-release hatch and a pull-out tray for prompt cleaning of the shoe when changing the type of transported material, as well as the bucket elevator is equipped with a device for monitoring it productivity, made in the form of a strain gauge and an indication unit.

2. Bucket elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that drums are used as tension and drive drums, which are formed by a set of V-shaped ribs located at the vertices on the plane of symmetry of the drum, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum and directed along the direction of rotation of the drum with a step that ensures their mutual overlap, while the outer edges of the ribs form a barrel-shaped surface in contact with the conveyor belt, and the lateral surfaces of the ribs, when the drum rotates in contact with the conveyor belt, form inclined channels through which the seeds that have fallen into the inside of the drum by gravitational forces are carried out outside the drum, and also on the sides of the drum there are side discs, on which the edges of the V-shaped ribs rest.

3. The bucket elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the load cell and the display unit, in conjunction with the frequency converter, allow you to adjust the speed of the traction belt, ensuring the operation of the elevator in the dosing device mode.

4. Bucket elevator according to claim 1, differing in that the load cell is installed at the interface of the gear motor arm and the bracket, which are flexible in mutually perpendicular planes.