WO2021187284A1

WO2021187284A1 - Boiler

Info

Publication number: WO2021187284A1
Application number: PCT/JP2021/009675
Authority: WO
Inventors: 和之大谷
Original assignee: 三浦工業株式会社
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2021-03-10
Publication date: 2021-09-23
Also published as: JPWO2021187284A1

Abstract

Provided is a boiler capable of appropriately heating a heat exchanger tube even in a situation where the temperature of a heating element is relatively low. This boiler comprises a heating element, a heat exchanger tube, a container with the heat exchanger tube inside, and a circulation path that can circulate gas with a higher specific heat than air and includes the interior of the container. The heating element is disposed in the gas introduction portion of the container, which is a portion of the circulation path. The gas flowing into the gas introduction portion from outside the container heats the heat exchanger tube using the heat obtained from the heating element, and flows out from the gas outlet portion of the container.

Description

boiler

The present invention relates to a boiler. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-045121 filed in Japan on March 16, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Conventionally, boilers have been widely used for various purposes including industrial and commercial use. The boiler is provided with a heat generating means for heating.

Various specific forms of the heat generating means can be mentioned. As an example, a heat generating system using a reactant in which a plurality of metal nanoparticles made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy are formed on the surface is used as a heat generating system. It is disclosed in. According to Patent Document 1, in this heat generation system, hydrogen atoms are occluded in metal nanoparticles by supplying a hydrogen-based gas that contributes to heat generation into a container, and excess heat is generated.

As explained in Patent Document 1, an exothermic reaction occurred by heating the inside of the container while supplying deuterium gas to the inside of the container by providing a heating element made of palladium inside the container. An announcement has been made. In addition, regarding the exothermic phenomenon that generates excess heat (output enthalpy higher than input enthalpy) using hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy, the details of the mechanism of generating excess heat are being discussed among researchers in each country. , It has been reported that a heat generation phenomenon has occurred.

Japanese Patent No. 6448074 U.S. Pat. No. 9,182,365

As a form of heating the heat transfer tube using the heating element, for example, a form in which the gas heated by the heating element is applied to the heat transfer tube can be considered. However, when such a form is adopted, the gas cannot be heated to a high temperature in a situation where the temperature of the heating element is relatively low (for example, a situation where the heat from the heating element is not sufficient), and the heat transfer tube is heated appropriately. May be difficult.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a boiler capable of appropriately heating a heat transfer tube even when the temperature of a heating element is relatively low.

The boiler according to the present invention can circulate a heating element, a heat transfer tube, a container provided with the heat transfer tube inside, and a gas having a specific heat higher than that of air, and has a distribution path including the inside of the container. The gas introduction section of the container, which is a part of the flow path, is provided with the heating element, and the gas flowing into the gas introduction section from the outside of the container is obtained from the heating element. The heat transfer tube is heated by using the heat generated by the container, and the gas is discharged from the gas outlet of the container. According to this configuration, the heat transfer tube can be appropriately heated even when the temperature of the heating element is relatively low.

More specifically, the heating element may be arranged so as to cover the entire gas introduction portion. Further, more specifically, the gas introduction portion may be a guide member formed so that the inside expands toward the flow direction of the gas.

More specifically, the heating element may have a plate-like structure having a large number of holes. Further, in the above configuration, the distribution route may be a circulation route for circulating the gas.

More specifically, as the above configuration, the gas is a hydrogen-based gas, the heating element is provided with metal nanoparticles made of hydrogen storage metals on the surface, and the hydrogen-based gas is in the flow path. In the supplied situation, the hydrogen atom may be occluded in the metal nanoparticles to generate excess heat. The hydrogen-based gas in the present application is a deuterium gas, a light hydrogen gas, or a mixed gas thereof. Further, the "hydrogen storage metal" in the present application means a hydrogen storage metal such as Pd, Ni, Pt, Ti, or a hydrogen storage alloy containing one or more of these.

According to the boiler according to the present invention, it is possible to appropriately heat the heat transfer tube even in a situation where the temperature of the heating element is relatively low.

It is a schematic block diagram of the boiler 1 which concerns on this embodiment. It is a schematic arrow view of the cross section AA shown in FIG. It is a schematic arrow view of the BB cross section shown in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the boiler 1a which flows a heat medium through a heat medium path.

The boiler according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to each drawing. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a boiler 1 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic arrow view of the AA cross section shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic arrow view of the BB cross section shown in FIG. The vertical, horizontal, and front-rear directions (directions orthogonal to each other) of the container 11 and its peripheral components are as shown in each figure, and in the example of the present embodiment, the vertical directions coincide with the vertical directions.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the boiler 1 includes a container 11, a reactant 12, a gas path 14, a gas receiving unit 15, a gas pump 16, a gas filter 17, a first guide member 18, a second guide member 19, and a separator. It includes 21, a water path 22, a water receiving unit 23, and a water pump 24.

The container 11 has a cylindrical side wall whose axial direction is the vertical direction, and is formed so that gas can be sealed inside. A lower header 22b is provided on the lower side of the container 11, and an upper header 22c is provided on the upper side of the container 11.

The outlet side of the first guide member 18 is connected to the left side of the side wall of the container 11, and the inside of the container 11 and the inside of the first guide member 18 are connected. Further, the inlet side of the second guide member 19 is connected to the right side of the side wall of the container 11, and the inside of the container 11 and the inside of the second guide member 19 are connected. Inside the container 11, a plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a extending vertically are arranged.

The reactant 12 is configured by providing a large number of metal nanoparticles on the surface of a carrier which is formed in a fine mesh shape as a whole. Hydrogen storage alloys (hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy) are applied to this carrier as a material, and in the example of this embodiment, it is a rectangular body according to the internal shape of the first guide portion 18 near the outlet side. It is formed in the shape of (plate). Since the above-mentioned carrier is formed in a mesh shape, the reactant 12 has a plate shape having a large number of holes (mesh-like gaps) through which gas can permeate. The reactant 12 is arranged inside the first guide member 18 near the outlet side. As a result, the gas in the first guide member 18 can be passed through the entire reactant 12.

A heater (for example, a ceramic heater) that generates heat by supplying electric power is spirally wound around the reactant 12. The heat generated by this heater heats the reactant 12, and the temperature of the reactant 12 can be raised to a predetermined reaction temperature at which a reaction for generating excess heat, which will be described later, is likely to occur. The temperature of the heater can be adjusted by controlling the power supply.

The gas path 14 is a gas path provided outside the container 11, and forms a gas circulation path S together with the inside of the container 11 and the insides of the

guide members

18 and 19. The gas path 14 is mainly provided as a tubular body, and extends from the outlet side of the second guide member 19 to the inlet side of the first guide member 18. A gas receiving unit 15, a gas pump 16, and a gas filter 17 are provided in the middle of the gas path 14 in order from the upstream side.

The gas receiving unit 15 receives a hydrogen-based gas (deuterium gas, a light hydrogen gas, or a mixed gas thereof) from an external supply source, and supplies the supplied hydrogen-based gas into the gas path 14. Inflow to. For example, when hydrogen-based gas is supplied from a tank in which hydrogen-based gas is stored in advance to the gas receiving unit 15, this tank serves as a supply source of hydrogen-based gas.

The rotation speed of the gas pump 16 is controlled by, for example, inverter control, and the gas in the gas path 14 flows from the upstream side to the downstream side (that is, in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 1) at a flow rate corresponding to the rotation speed. To do so. The amount of gas circulated in the circulation path S including the gas path 14 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the gas pump 16.

The gas filter 17 removes impurities (particularly those that hinder the reaction that generates excess heat in the reactant 12) contained in the gas in the gas path 14. The separator 21 receives steam generated by heating water when passing through the heat transfer tube 22a, and causes brackish water separation (separation of drain contained in the steam) from the steam. The steam separated by steam in the separator 21 can be supplied to the outside of the boiler 1.

The first guide member 18 is interposed between the downstream end of the gas path 14 and the container 11, and is the outlet side (the side close to the gas path 14) where the hydrogen gas flows out from the inlet side (the side close to the gas path 14) where the hydrogen gas flows in. It is formed so that the inside expands toward the side closer to the container 11. As is clear from FIGS. 1 to 3, the first guide member 18 in the example of the present embodiment is generally formed in the shape of a substantially quadrangular pyramid with the inlet side as the apex and the outlet side as the bottom surface. The first guide member 18 is formed to have substantially the same thickness as a whole, and the internal cavity also has a substantially quadrangular pyramid shape.

Therefore, the inside of the first guide member 18 expands in both the vertical direction and the front-rear direction from the entrance side to the exit side, that is, as it goes to the right. Since the inside of the first guide member 18 gradually expands from the inlet side to the outlet side in this way, the first guide member 18 is arranged in the container 11 while allowing gas to flow smoothly from the gas path 14 into the container 11. It is possible to apply the gas to most of the heat transfer tube 22a as uniformly as possible. The first guide member 18 corresponds to a gas introduction portion 52 (a portion for introducing gas into the container 11) of the container 11, which is a part of the distribution path 51 through which the gas is circulated. Further, the form of the gas introduction portion and the gas outlet portion 53 (the portion that derives the gas to the outside of the container 11) of the container 11 need not be the first guide member 18 and the second guide member 19, respectively, and for example, the cross section of the flow path. May have the same shape and the same area.

The second guide member 19 is interposed between the container 11 and the upstream end of the gas path 14, and the hydrogen gas flows out from the inlet side (closer to the container 11) to which the hydrogen gas flows out (gas). It is formed so that the inside becomes narrower toward the side closer to the route 14. The second guide member 19 in the example of the present embodiment has the same size as the first guide member 18 and is formed in an inverted shape. In this way, since the inside of the second guide member 19 is gradually narrowed from the inlet side to the outlet side, it is possible to smoothly flow gas from the wide opening provided in the container 11 to the gas path 14. be.

The water route 22 is a water route connecting the water receiving portion 23 to the separator 21. The water path 22 includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a, a lower header 22b, and an upper header 22c provided inside the container 11. More specifically, the water path 22 extends from the water receiving portion 23 to the separator 21 via the water pump 24, the lower header 22b, the plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a, and the upper header 22c in this order.

The plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a are arranged so as to extend in the vertical direction between the lower header 22b and the upper header 22c, respectively. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, each heat transfer tube 22a is arranged so as to spread in a staggered manner in a staggered manner in an upward view, and is efficiently housed in the container 11. Of the water paths 22, the liquid water supplied from the water receiving portion 23 flows in the path upstream of the heat transfer tube 22a, and is heated and vaporized by the heat transfer tube 22a in the path downstream of the heat transfer tube 22a. Water (steam) will flow.

The water receiving unit 23 is adapted to appropriately receive water that is a source of steam from the outside, and the supplied water flows into the water path 22. The water pump 24 causes the water in the water path 22 to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side (that is, in the direction indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 1).

Next, the operation of the boiler 1 will be described. In the boiler 1, hydrogen-based gas is supplied from an external supply source to the gas receiving unit 15, and the gas circulation path S is filled with hydrogen-based gas. The filled hydrogen-based gas circulates in the circulation path S in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 1 by the action of the gas pump 16.

At this time, the hydrogen-based gas that has flowed into the inside of the first guide member 18 hits the heat transfer tube 22a in the container 11 after passing through a large number of holes of the reactant 12, and passes through the gas path 14 through the second guide member 19. Is sent to. The hydrogen-based gas comes into contact with the reactant 12 when passing through a large number of pores of the reactant 12. Further, since a gap is provided between the adjacent heat transfer tubes 22a, the hydrogen-based gas flowing into the container 11 passes through the gap and hits all the heat transfer tubes 22a almost evenly.

At the same time, the reactant 12 is heated by the action of the heater described above. In this way, when the reactant 12 is heated by the heater while circulating the hydrogen-based gas in the circulation path S, hydrogen atoms are occluded in the metal nanoparticles provided in the reactant 12, and the reactant 12 is heated by the heater. The above excess heat is generated. In this way, the reaction element 12 functions as a heating element by performing a reaction that generates excess heat. The principle of the reaction for generating excess heat is the same as the principle of the reaction for generating excess heat disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. The reactant 12 (heating element) arranged on the first guide member 18 is provided so that the hydrogen-based gas passes through the entire reactant 12. Further, the heat of the reactant 12 is transferred to the heat transfer tube 22a by convection, heat conduction and radiation, so that the heat transfer tube 22a is heated. Therefore, the heat generated by the reactant 12 can be transferred to the hydrogen-based gas very efficiently.

When the reactant 12 generates excessive heat and becomes high in temperature, the hydrogen-based gas circulating in the circulation path S is also heated by the heat of the reactant 12 and becomes high in temperature. Then, the high-temperature hydrogen-based gas hits the plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a in the container 11 to heat them. In the present embodiment, since each heat transfer tube 22a is arranged immediately on the downstream side of the reactant 12, the hydrogen-based gas immediately after being directly heated by the reactant 12 can be applied to the heat transfer tube 22a. It is possible to effectively heat the heat transfer tube 22a.

Impurities are removed from the hydrogen-based gas in the circulation path S when it passes through the gas filter 17. Therefore, it is possible to stably provide the reactant 12 with a high-purity hydrogen-based gas from which impurities have been removed, maintain a state in which excess heat output is likely to be induced, and effectively heat the reactant 12. It has become.

Further, in parallel with the operation of heating the heat transfer tube 22a by generating heat of the above-mentioned reactant 12, water is supplied to the water receiving unit 23 from the outside. The supplied water is flowed in the water path 22 in the direction indicated by the solid arrow in FIG. 1 by the action of the water pump 24.

The water flowing in the water path 22 is heated when passing through the plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a in the container 11, the temperature rises, and finally becomes steam. This steam is sent to the separator 21, and after the dryness is increased by the separation of air and water, it is supplied to the outside of the boiler 1.

The amount of steam supplied from the separator 21 to the outside may be adjustable according to the required amount of steam from the outside (steam load) and the like. In such an adjustment, when the amount of steam supplied to the outside is less than the appropriate amount, the calorific value of the reactant 12 is increased to increase the amount of steam generated, and when the amount is larger than the appropriate amount, the calorific value of the reactant 12 is generated. This can be achieved by reducing the amount and reducing the amount of steam generated.

Further, the calorific value of the reactant 12 can be controlled by adjusting the gas circulation amount in the circulation path S, and the calorific value of the reactant 12 can be increased as the circulation amount is increased. Further, in the boiler 1, water is sequentially supplied to the water receiving unit 23 by the amount of steam supplied to the outside, that is, by the amount of water decreased, and steam is continuously generated and supplied to the outside. It is possible to do.

Although the reactant 12 is used as the heating element in this embodiment, it is also possible to use a general heating element instead. As an example of this heating element, a halogen heater (a type of heater that generates heat when electric power is supplied) having the same shape and size as the reactant 12 can be mentioned. When the halogen heater or other heater is a heating element, a plurality of heaters may be installed at equal intervals in the entire distribution path 51 so that the gas in the distribution path 51 can flow, or one or one may be formed while forming a gap. It is preferable that a plurality of heaters are curved so as to cover the entire distribution path 51 so that the gas flowing from the gas introduction unit 52 flows into the container 11 while effectively receiving heat from the heaters. .. When such a heating element is applied as a heating element, a reaction for generating excess heat is not required.

Further, in the form in which the heat generating element is adopted, water can be appropriately heated to generate steam by directly controlling the temperature of the heat generating element by electric power control. For example, as the power supplied to the heat generating element is adjusted to increase the amount of heat generated by the heat generating element, the water passing through the heat transfer tube 22a is heated more strongly, and the amount of steam generated in the boiler 1 can be increased.

The boiler 1 described above is provided with a heating element, a heat transfer tube 22a for passing supplied water (an example of a fluid), and a heating element and a heat transfer tube 22a in this order from the upstream side, and is a gas having a higher specific heat than air (an example of a fluid). In the example of the present embodiment, the heat transfer tube 22a is heated by applying the gas heated by the heating element to the flow path 51 for circulating the hydrogen-based gas). The gas that has flowed into the gas introduction section 52 from the outside of the container 11 heats the heat transfer tube 22a using the heat obtained from the heating element, and flows out from the gas lead-out section 53 of the container 11.

According to the boiler 1, by applying the gas heated by the heating element to the heat transfer tube 22a, heat is effectively transferred by convection from the heating element to the heat transfer tube 22a, and the water passing through the heat transfer tube 22a is efficiently transferred. It can be heated well. Furthermore, since a gas having a higher specific heat than air is used as the gas, heat transfer is improved as compared with the case where general air is used, and the heat generated by the heating element is efficiently transferred to the heat transfer tube 22a. I can tell you well. Further, since the specific heat is high, the temperature of the gas is unlikely to fluctuate, and heat can be transferred to the heat transfer tube 22a more stably. For example, under the condition of 1 atm at 200 ° C, the specific heat of air is about 1,026 J / Kg ° C, while the specific heat of hydrogen is about 14,528 J / Kg ° C, which is much higher than the specific heat of air. It's getting higher.

Further, the above-mentioned distribution path 51 in the present embodiment is a circulation path S for circulating a hydrogen-based gas. As a result, the hydrogen-based gas can be circulated to promote the reaction that generates excess heat in the reactant 12. When the above-mentioned heating element is applied as the heating element, a gas other than the hydrogen-based gas may be used as the gas having a higher specific heat than the above-mentioned air because a reaction for generating excess heat is not required. ..

Further, the boiler 1 includes a first guide member formed so that the inside expands from the inlet side to the outlet side, and a container 11 which is connected to the outlet side and has a heat transfer tube 22a arranged inside. , The circulation path S includes the inside of each of the container 11 and the first guide member 18. In particular, in the present embodiment, a plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a extending in the vertical direction are arranged at different positions in the front-rear direction inside the container 11, and the first guide member 18 moves from the inlet side to the outlet side. , It is formed so that the inside expands in both the vertical direction and the front-back direction.

Therefore, according to the first guide member 18, the hydrogen-based gas flowing in from the gas path 14 which is a tubular body having a relatively small cross-sectional area is applied as uniformly as possible to the plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a in the container 11, and each of them is individually applied. It is possible to apply the heat transfer tube 22a as uniformly as possible to a wide range. As a result, the heat generated by the heating element can be efficiently transferred to a wide area of each of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 22a using the hydrogen-based gas as a medium.

Further, in the boiler 1, the gas introduction portion 52 (a part of the distribution path 51) of the container 11 is provided with a heating element so that the gas in the distribution path 51 can pass through the entire heating element. Therefore, even in a situation where the temperature of the heating element is relatively low (for example, a situation in which the heating element is not sufficiently warmed), the heat of the heating element is efficiently recovered by the gas, and the heat transfer tube 22a is appropriately applied by applying the gas. It is possible to heat it.

As the specific form of the heating element and the gas introduction unit 52 described above, various forms can be adopted as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated. As an example, a heating element provided with gaps (for example, a large number of holes) through which gas can flow in the distribution path 51 is an opening through which gas is discharged to the inside of the gas discharge port (container 11) in the gas introduction unit 52. It may be arranged so as to cover the entire portion). In this case, all the gas discharged from the gas introduction unit 52 is dispersed and flows in the gaps of the heating element, and the heat of the heating element can be transferred to the gas very efficiently.

In the present embodiment, the water that is the source of steam is flowed through the water path 22 including the heat transfer tube 22a, but instead, the heat medium Y is flown through the heat medium path including the heat transfer tube. It is also possible to heat water, which is a source of steam, using the heat medium Y. A schematic configuration diagram of the boiler configured in this way is illustrated in FIG.

In the boiler 1a shown in FIG. 4, a heat medium path 40 is provided instead of the water path 22, and a heat exchanger 50 is provided instead of the separator 21. The heat exchanger 50 is arranged with a part of the heat medium path 40 through which the heat medium Y flows, and receives water supply (supply of water as a source of steam) from the outside.

As shown by the solid arrow in FIG. 4, the heat medium Y circulates in the heat medium path 40 including the heat transfer tube 40a, the lower header 40b, and the upper header 40c. The configuration and arrangement of the heat transfer tube 40a, the lower header 40b, and the upper header 40c are the same as those of the heat transfer tube 22a, the lower header 22b, and the upper header 22c of the present embodiment.

As a result, the heat medium Y heated by the reaction element 12 (heating element) can be sent to the heat exchanger 50, and the supplied water can be heated by the heat medium Y to generate steam and be supplied to the outside. Is. The heat exchanger 50 may be configured to generate hot water in addition to the configuration of heating water to generate steam.

As the heat exchanger 50, for example, a plate type or shell and tube type heat exchanger may be adopted, or various types of steam generators may be adopted. As an example of this steam generator, it has a storage space for storing the supplied water and a tubular body through which the heat medium Y arranged in the storage space is passed, and the heat of the heat medium Y passes through the tubular body. Examples include those that are transmitted to the stored water.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. That is, the above embodiment should be considered to be exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. For example, the boiler according to the present invention can be applied to a hot water boiler, a heat medium boiler, and the like, in addition to the boiler that generates steam as in the above embodiment. The technical scope of the present invention is shown not by the description of the above embodiment but by the scope of claims, and is understood to include all modifications belonging to the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims. Should be.

The present invention can be used for boilers for various purposes.

1, 1a Boiler 11 Container 12 Reactor 14 Gas path 15 Gas receiving part 16 Gas pump 17 Gas filter 18 1st guide member 19 2nd guide member 21 Separator 22 Water path 22a Heat transfer tube

22b Lower header

22c Upper header 23 Water receiving part 24 Water pump 40 Heat medium path 40a Heat transfer tube

40b Lower header

40c Upper header 51 Flow path 52 Gas introduction section 53 Gas lead section

Claims

With a heating element
Heat transfer tube and
A container with the heat transfer tube inside and
A gas having a higher specific heat than air can be circulated, and a distribution channel including the inside of the container is provided.
The heating element is provided in the gas introduction portion of the container, which is a part of the distribution channel.
A boiler characterized in that the gas flowing into the gas introduction portion from the outside of the container heats the heat transfer tube by using the heat obtained from the heating element and flows out from the gas outlet portion of the container.
The boiler according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is arranged so as to cover the entire gas introduction portion.
The boiler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas introduction portion is a guide member formed so that the inside expands toward the flow direction of the gas.
The boiler according to claim 3, wherein the heating element has a plate shape having a large number of holes.
The boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distribution route is a circulation route for circulating the gas.
The gas is a hydrogen-based gas and
The heating element is
Metal nanoparticles made of hydrogen storage metals are provided on the surface,
Any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrogen atom is a reactant that occludes hydrogen atoms in the metal nanoparticles and generates excess heat in a situation where the hydrogen gas is supplied to the flow path. The boiler described in.