WO2021184875A1 - 一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2021184875A1
WO2021184875A1 PCT/CN2020/139425 CN2020139425W WO2021184875A1 WO 2021184875 A1 WO2021184875 A1 WO 2021184875A1 CN 2020139425 W CN2020139425 W CN 2020139425W WO 2021184875 A1 WO2021184875 A1 WO 2021184875A1
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water
pipeline
valve
vacuum tube
tube collector
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PCT/CN2020/139425
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄永生
黄强
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江苏永生新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021184875A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021184875A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar water heater, in particular to a vacuum tube water storage type solar water heating system and a control method thereof.
  • patent 200510095034.4 discloses an all-weather tankless glass vacuum pressure-bearing solar water heater and patent 200910034714.3 discloses a pressure-limiting tankless glass vacuum solar water heater control system.
  • the original mechanical safety valve is located outside the collector, which is easy to It causes freezing and blockage and cannot play its protective effect against overpressure; in addition, the built-in sensors and heating tubes in traditional heat collectors are easily damaged under long-term high temperature heat collection, which is inconvenient to repair and replace, and the cost is high.
  • the present invention provides a vacuum tube water storage type solar hot water system and a control method thereof that are simple in structure, convenient to use, safe, and easy to maintain, and can effectively ensure stable hot water supply.
  • a vacuum tube water storage type solar hot water system which includes a vacuum tube collector, a water valve, and a controller, and is characterized in that it also includes a water pipe, an auxiliary pipe, a pressure relief pipe,
  • the cold water pipeline, the water signal pipeline, the external water pipeline and auxiliary pipeline at the upper water outlet of the vacuum tube collector, the pressure sensor, the water level sensor, the water check valve, the water valve, the water level sensor and the water are arranged in order on the water pipeline.
  • An external pressure relief pipeline is connected to the water pipeline between the check valves, and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the pressure relief pipeline.
  • An auxiliary heater, a circulation valve, a water temperature sensor, a circulation pump, and a circulation check valve are sequentially arranged on the auxiliary pipeline;
  • the cold water pipeline is provided with a pressure reducing valve, a water supply valve, and a pipeline temperature sensor in sequence, and then connected to the lower water inlet of the vacuum tube collector;
  • the auxiliary pipeline is connected to the cold water pipeline between the water supply valve and the pipeline temperature sensor to reduce pressure
  • the cold water pipeline between the valve and the water supply valve is connected with a water signal pipeline, and a water flow sensor is installed on the water signal pipeline and then connected to the water pipeline between the water check valve and the water valve; the above valves, sensors, pumps, and auxiliary The heaters are connected to the controller.
  • the upper water outlet of the vacuum tube heat collector is provided with a mechanical safety valve built in the insulation layer of the vacuum tube heat collector.
  • the cold water pipeline is covered with a heating cable, and the heating cable is connected to a controller.
  • auxiliary heater is an electric heater water tank.
  • a control method of a vacuum tube water storage type solar hot water system, and its working process is as follows:
  • (1) First use of water supply action when the controller is powered on, the water supply opens the water valve of the hot water faucet when it is used for the first time.
  • the water valve is energized to open, and the pressure relief valve is energized to close, so that the tap water is supplied to the inlet of the vacuum tube collector through the cold water pipeline; because the amount of water pushing the water flow sensor in the waterway ABHJ is very small, it is ignored; when the vacuum tube collector is installed After the water is full, the water body flows into the water pipe through the upper outlet of the vacuum tube collector.
  • the water level sensor in the water pipe detects a water signal.
  • the controller When a large amount of water is discharged from the water valve of the hot water faucet, the water is full; close the water valve of the hot water faucet and wait After a while, the water flow signal of the water flow sensor disappears, the controller automatically cuts off the power supply of the water supply valve, and stops the water supply; the controller controls the pressure relief valve to be turned off and open, and the water in the water pipeline higher than the pressure relief pipeline is discharged through the pressure relief valve , At this time, the pressure relief pipeline is directly connected to the atmosphere, and the vacuum tube collector enters the normal pressure state;
  • Pre-use temperature measurement action The controller detects whether the temperature of the hot water in the vacuum tube collector meets the user's requirements according to the set time interval or the time point of water use.
  • the pressure valve is still open, the cold water pipeline, the vacuum tube collector, the water pipeline, and the pressure relief pipeline form a water circuit.
  • the water level sensor When the water level sensor detects the full water state, the water supply will be stopped; then the pressure relief valve is de-energized and closed, and the circulation valve Turn on and start the circulating pump 4, form a circulating water path from the lower water inlet of the vacuum tube collector through part of the cold water pipeline and auxiliary pipeline to the upper water outlet of the vacuum tube collector to circulate the hot water in the vacuum tube collector through
  • the water temperature sensor 5 in the auxiliary pipeline detects the real-time temperature of the hot water, and after the cycle ends, the calculated average temperature will be displayed on the controller until the next temperature measurement action;
  • the invention moves the mechanical safety valve originally located outside the heat collector into the thermal insulation layer of the heat collector, relies on the heat source of the heat collector to prevent the protection function from failing, effectively prevents freezing and blockage caused by extreme cold weather, and ensures that it can prevent overpressure.
  • Protective effect At the same time, in order to avoid the sensor and heating tube in the traditional collector from being easily damaged, the temperature sensor, water temperature sensor, heating device and other components in the original collector are integrated and placed indoors, so as to achieve convenient maintenance and durability. Purpose.
  • a temperature sensor is arranged on the circulation pipeline, a pressure sensor and a water level sensor are arranged on the hot water pipeline, and a mechanical safety valve is added in the thermal insulation layer of the heat collector to prevent malfunction and overpressure, thereby reducing the internal components of the heat collector.
  • the invention adopts the control of using the water for the first time, regularly circulates the hot water in the vacuum tube collector to measure the average temperature before use, circulates auxiliary heating when the temperature is insufficient, pressurized normal water, and water adjustment actions, effectively taking into account the use of Various conditions ensure stable and safe use, and improve user comfort and safety in water use.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • pressure reducing valve 1 water filling valve 2, circulation check valve 3, circulation pump 4, water temperature sensor 5, circulation valve 6, auxiliary heater 7, pressure sensor 8, water level sensor 9, pressure relief valve 10, water Check valve 11, water flow sensor 12, water valve 13, pipeline temperature sensor 14, mechanical safety valve 15, vacuum tube collector 16, water inlet 161, water outlet 162, water pipe 17, cold water pipe 18, water signal pipe Road 19, auxiliary pipeline 20, pressure relief pipeline 21, control instrument 22.
  • FIG. 1 shows: a vacuum tube water storage type solar hot water system, including vacuum tube collector 16, water valve 13, water pipeline 17, cold water pipeline 18, water signal pipeline 19, auxiliary pipeline 20, pressure relief Pipeline 21, control instrument 22.
  • the water outlet 162 on the upper part of the vacuum tube collector 16 is connected with a water pipe 17 and an auxiliary pipe 20.
  • the water pipe 17 is provided with a pressure sensor 8, a water level sensor 9, a water check valve 11, a water valve 13, a water level sensor and a water stop.
  • An external pressure relief pipeline 21 is connected to the water pipeline between the return valves, a pressure relief valve 10 is installed on the pressure relief pipeline, and an auxiliary heater 7, a circulating pump 6, a water temperature sensor 5, a circulating pump 4, and a circulating pump are arranged in order on the auxiliary pipeline 20.
  • the auxiliary heater is an electric heater water tank;
  • the cold water pipeline 18 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 1, a water filling valve 2, and a pipeline temperature sensor 14 in sequence, and then connected to the lower water inlet 161 of the vacuum tube collector 16;
  • auxiliary pipe The circuit is connected to the cold water pipeline between the water supply valve and the pipeline temperature sensor.
  • the cold water pipeline between the pressure reducing valve and the water supply valve is connected to the water signal pipeline 19, and the water flow sensor 12 is installed on the water signal pipeline and then connected to the water check On the water pipeline between the valve and the water valve; the above-mentioned valves, sensors, pumps, and auxiliary heaters are all connected to the controller 22.
  • a mechanical safety valve built into the insulation layer of the vacuum tube collector is installed at the upper water outlet of the vacuum tube collector; the cold water pipeline is covered with a heating cable, and the heating cable is connected to the controller.
  • (1) First use of water supply action the controller is powered on, and the water supply opens the water valve 13 of the hot water faucet when it is used for the first time.
  • Tap water flows through the pressure reducing valve 1 to the water signal pipeline, which pushes the water flow sensor 12 to rotate, and sends a water signal to the controller.
  • the controller detects whether the temperature of the hot water in the vacuum tube collector meets the user's requirements according to the set time interval or the time point of water use.
  • the pressure valve is still open, the cold water pipeline, the vacuum tube collector, the water pipeline, and the pressure relief pipeline form a water circuit.
  • the water level sensor detects the full water state, the water supply will be stopped; then the pressure relief valve 10 is de-energized and closed and circulates The valve 6 is opened, and the circulating pump 4 is started.
  • the water inlet at the bottom of the vacuum tube collector passes through part of the cold water pipeline and auxiliary pipeline to the water outlet at the upper part of the vacuum tube collector to form a circulating water path to circulate the hot water in the vacuum tube collector.
  • the real-time temperature of the hot water is detected by the water temperature sensor 5 in the auxiliary pipeline, and the calculated average temperature will be displayed on the controller until the next temperature measurement after the cycle is over;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，真空管集热器上部出水口外接用水管路和辅助管路，用水管路上依次设置压力传感器、水位传感器、用水止回阀、用水阀，水位传感器和用水止回阀之间的用水管路上外接泄压管路；辅助管路接至上水阀和管道温度传感器之间的冷水管路上，减压阀和上水阀之间的冷水管路上接用水信号管路，用水信号管路上设置水流传感器后接至用水止回阀和用水阀之间的用水管路上。其结构简单，使用便捷、安全，便于维护，能有效确保稳定供热水。

Description

一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能热水器，具体说是一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
申请人在先的专利200510095034.4公开的全天候无水箱玻璃真空承压式太阳能热水器和专利200910034714.3公开的限压式无水箱玻璃真空太阳能热水器控制系统，原先机械安全阀位于集热器外部，极寒天气易造成冻堵，不能发挥其防超压保护作用；另外传统集热器中内置的传感器、加热管，在长期高温集热下易损坏，维修更换不便，成本高。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种结构简单，使用便捷、安全，便于维护，能有效确保稳定供热水的一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统及其控制方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，包括真空管集热器、用水阀、控制仪，其特征在于：还包括用水管路、辅助管路、泄压管路、冷水管路、用水信号管路，真空管集热器上部出水口外接用水管路和辅助管路，所述用水管路上依次设置压力传感器、水位传感器、用水止回阀、用水阀，水位传感器和用水止回阀之间的用水管路上外接泄压管路，泄压管路上设置泄压阀，所述辅助管路上依次设置辅助加热器、循环阀、水温传感器、循环泵、循环止回 阀；所述冷水管路上依次设置减压阀、上水阀、管道温度传感器后接至真空管集热器下部进水口；所述辅助管路接至上水阀和管道温度传感器之间的冷水管路上，减压阀和上水阀之间的冷水管路上接用水信号管路，用水信号管路上设置水流传感器后接至用水止回阀和用水阀之间的用水管路上；上述各阀、传感器、泵、辅助加热器均接控制仪。
进一步地，所述真空管集热器上部出水口设置内置在真空管集热器保温层内的机械安全阀。
进一步地，所述冷水管路外包覆伴热带，伴热带接控制仪。
进一步地，所述辅助加热器为电加热器水箱。
一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统控制方法，其工作流程为：
(1)、初次使用上水动作：控制仪通电，初次使用时上水打开热水龙头用水阀，自来水经减压阀流向用水信号管路，推动水流传感器转动，发送用水信号给控制仪，控制上水阀得电打开、泄压阀得电关闭，从而使自来水经冷水管路向真空管集热器进水口供水；因水路ABHJ中推动水流传感器的水量非常小，故忽略不计；当真空管集热器上满水后，水体经真空管集热器上部出水口流入用水管路，用水管路中的水位传感器探测到有水信号，待热水龙头用水阀大量出水即为满水；关闭热水龙头用水阀并等待片刻后，水流传感器水流信号消失，控制仪自动切断上水阀电源，停止上水；控制仪控制泄压阀断电打开，用水管路高于泄压管路有压的水体通过泄压阀排出，此时泄压管路与大气直通，真空管集热器进入常压状态；
(2)用前测温动作：控制仪根据设定的时间间隔或用水时间点，检 测真空管集热器中的热水温度是否满足用户使用要求，控制仪通电打开上水阀开始上水，泄压阀仍然处于打开状态，冷水管路、真空管集热器、用水管路、泄压管路形成水路，当水位传感器检测到满水状态后停止上水；然后泄压阀断电关闭、循环阀打开,并启动循环泵4，由真空管集热器下部进水口经部分冷水管路、辅助管路至真空管集热器上部出水口形成循环水路，将真空管集热器中的热水打循环，通过辅助管路中的水温传感器5检测热水的实时温度，循环结束后将计算出的平均温度在下次测温动作前一直显示在控制仪上；
(3)、辅热动作：真空管集热器内温度检测完成后，当平均温度高于设定值时，则辅助加热不启动；当平均温度低于用户设定温度时，则辅助加热装置自动启动，循环泵启动形成真空管集热器下部进水口、部分冷水管路、辅助管路、真空管集热器上部出水口的水路，将真空管集热器中的水体泵送至辅助管路上的辅助加热装置内加热后送至真空管集热器上部出水口，当水体循环设定分钟后，控制仪控制泄压阀打开2‐3s，将加热后产生的内压排至大气，整个辅助加热过程直至平均水温达到设定温度停止，并将泄压阀打开，形成空管直通大气，使真空管集热器恢复至常压状态；
(4)、正常用水动作：打开热水龙头用水阀，小流量自来水经用水信号管路流向热水龙头用水阀，推动水流传感器转动，该水量可忽略不计，发送信号给控制仪，控制仪切断所有220V输出电源，杜绝带电用水，上水阀打开，泄压阀关闭，从而向真空管集热器供水，将真空管集热器内的热水顶向上部出水口，通过用水管路箱热水龙头用水阀 供水；
(5)用水调节动作：用水过程中，调小热水流量或暂停用水，用水管路内的压力上升，当压力超过压力传感器的上限值时，控制仪切断上水阀的电源，暂停向真空管集热器内供冷水，真空管集热器内的余压继续将热水通过用水管路顶向热水龙头用水阀，直至用水管路中压力低于压力传感器的下限值时，控制仪重新接通上水阀的电源，继续供水使用；
(6)故障动作：使用热水时，开启热水龙头用水阀，若在设定时间内水位传感器仍无信号，则判定为真空管集热器有故障，则自动切断上水阀的电源，停止供水并由控制仪报警；
(3)、管道防冻保温动作：当管道温度传感器检测的温度低于设定温度时，控制仪启动冷水管路上伴热带保温，当温度升至设定温度上限时，停止伴热带加热；
(4)、集热器防冻保温动作：真空管集热器内温度检测完成后，当平均温度低于系统设定的防冻温度下限值时，则辅助加热装置自动进入辅热状态，当平均温度达到设定的防冻温度上限值时停止。
本发明将原先位于集热器外部的机械安全阀，移至集热器的保温层内，依靠集热器热源防止保护功能失效，有效防止极寒天气易造成冻堵，确保发挥其防超压保护作用；同时为避免传统集热器中传感器、加热管易损坏，将原先集热器内的温度传感器、水温传感器、加热装置等元器件集成后放置于室内，从而达到维修方便、经久耐用等目的。
本发明在循环管路上设置温度传感器，在用热水管路上设置压力 传感器、水位传感器，在集热器保温层内加设机械安全阀防止故障超压，进而减少集热器内部的元器件，达到结构简单，维修方便之目的。
本发明采用初次使用上水的控制、使用前定时将真空管集热器内热水打循环测平均温度、在温度不足时打循环辅助加热、承压正常用水、用水调节动作，有效兼顾到使用的各种状态，确保稳定、安全使用，提高用户用水舒适、安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图中：减压阀1、上水阀2、循环止回阀3、循环泵4、水温传感器5、循环阀6、辅助加热器7、压力传感器8、水位传感器9、泄压阀10、用水止回阀11、水流传感器12、用水阀13、管道温度传感器14、机械安全阀15、真空管集热器16、进水口161、出水口162、用水管路17、冷水管路18、用水信号管路19、辅助管路20、泄压管路21、控制仪22。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例作进一步说明
图1所示：一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，包括真空管集热器16、用水阀13、用水管路17、冷水管路18、用水信号管路19、辅助管路20、泄压管路21、控制仪22。真空管集热器16上部出水口162外接用水管路17和辅助管路20，用水管路17上依次设置压力传感器8、水位传感器9、用水止回阀11、用水阀13，水位传感器和用水止回阀之间的用水管路上外接泄压管路21，泄压管路上设置泄压阀 10，辅助管路20上依次设置辅助加热器7、循环泵6、水温传感器5、循环泵4、循环止回阀3，辅助加热器为电加热器水箱；冷水管路18上依次设置减压阀1、上水阀2、管道温度传感器14后接至真空管集热器16下部进水口161；辅助管路接至上水阀和管道温度传感器之间的冷水管路上，减压阀和上水阀之间的冷水管路上接用水信号管路19，用水信号管路上设置水流传感器12后接至用水止回阀和用水阀之间的用水管路上；上述各阀、传感器、泵、辅助加热器均接控制仪22。
为了提高设备使用安全、寿命，在真空管集热器上部出水口设置内置在真空管集热器保温层内的机械安全阀；冷水管路外包覆伴热带，伴热带接控制仪。
本真空管储水型太阳能热水系统的控制方法：工作流程为：
(1)、初次使用上水动作：控制仪通电，初次使用时上水打开热水龙头用水阀13，自来水经减压阀1流向用水信号管路，推动水流传感器12转动，发送用水信号给控制仪，控制上水阀2得电打开、泄压阀10得电关闭，从而使自来水经冷水管路向真空管集热器进水口供水；当真空管集热器上满水后，水体经真空管集热器上部出水口流入用水管路，用水管路中的水位传感器探测到有水信号，待热水龙头用水阀大量出水即为满水；关闭热水龙头用水阀并等待片刻后，水流传感器水流信号消失，控制仪自动切断上水阀电源，停止上水；控制仪控制泄压阀断电打开，用水管路高于泄压管路有压的水体通过泄压阀排出，此时泄压管路与大气直通，真空管集热器进入常压状态；
(2)用前测温动作：控制仪根据设定的时间间隔或用水时间点，检测真空管集热器中的热水温度是否满足用户使用要求，控制仪通电打开上水阀开始上水，泄压阀仍然处于打开状态，冷水管路、真空管集热器、用水管路、泄压管路形成水路，当水位传感器检测到满水状态后停止上水；然后泄压阀10断电关闭、循环阀6打开,并启动循环泵4，由真空管集热器下部进水口经部分冷水管路、辅助管路至真空管集热器上部出水口形成循环水路，将真空管集热器中的热水打循环，通过辅助管路中的水温传感器5检测热水的实时温度，循环结束后将计算出的平均温度在下次测温动作前一直显示在控制仪上；
(3)、辅热动作：真空管集热器内温度检测完成后，当平均温度高于设定值时，则辅助加热不启动；当平均温度低于用户设定温度时，则辅助加热装置自动启动，循环泵启动形成真空管集热器下部进水口、部分冷水管路、辅助管路、真空管集热器上部出水口的水路，将真空管集热器中的水体泵送至辅助管路上的辅助加热装置内加热后送至真空管集热器上部出水口，当水体循环设定分钟后，控制仪控制泄压阀10打开2‐3s，将加热后产生的内压排至大气，整个辅助加热过程直至平均水温达到设定温度停止，并将泄压阀10打开，形成空管直通大气，使真空管集热器恢复至常压状态；
(4)、正常用水动作：打开热水龙头用水阀13，小流量自来水经用水信号管路流向热水龙头用水阀13，推动水流传感器转动，发送信号给控制仪，控制仪切断所有220V输出电源，上水阀2打开，泄压阀10关闭，从而向真空管集热器供水，将真空管集热器内的热水顶 向上部出水口，通过用水管路箱热水龙头用水阀供水；
(5)用水调节动作：用水过程中，调小热水流量或暂停用水，用水管路内的压力上升，当压力超过压力传感器8的上限值时，控制仪切断上水阀2的电源，暂停向真空管集热器内供冷水，真空管集热器内的余压继续将热水通过用水管路顶向热水龙头用水阀13，直至用水管路中压力低于压力传感器的下限值时，控制仪重新接通上水阀2的电源，继续供水使用；
(6)故障动作：使用热水时，开启热水龙头用水阀13，若在设定时间内水位传感器9仍无信号，则判定为真空管集热器有故障，则自动切断上水阀的电源，停止供水并由控制仪报警；
(3)、管道防冻保温动作：当管道温度传感器14检测的温度低于设定温度时，控制仪启动冷水管路上伴热带保温，当温度升至设定温度上限时，停止伴热带加热；
(4)、集热器防冻保温动作：真空管集热器内温度检测完成后，当平均温度低于系统设定的防冻温度下限值时，则辅助加热装置自动进入辅热状态，当平均温度达到设定的防冻温度上限值时停止。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，包括真空管集热器、用水阀、控制仪，其特征在于：还包括用水管路、辅助管路、泄压管路、冷水管路、用水信号管路，真空管集热器上部出水口外接用水管路和辅助管路，所述用水管路上依次设置压力传感器、水位传感器、用水止回阀、用水阀，水位传感器和用水止回阀之间的用水管路上外接泄压管路，泄压管路上设置泄压阀，所述辅助管路上依次设置辅助加热器、循环阀、水温传感器、循环泵、循环止回阀；所述冷水管路上依次设置减压阀、上水阀、管道温度传感器后接至真空管集热器下部进水口；所述辅助管路接至上水阀和管道温度传感器之间的冷水管路上，减压阀和上水阀之间的冷水管路上接用水信号管路，用水信号管路上设置水流传感器后接至用水止回阀和用水阀之间的用水管路上；上述各阀、传感器、泵、辅助加热器均接控制仪。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，其特征是：所述真空管集热器上部出水口设置内置在真空管集热器保温层内的机械安全阀。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，其特征是：所述冷水管路外包覆伴热带，伴热带接控制仪。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统，其特征是：所述辅助加热器为电加热器水箱。
  5. 一种真空管储水型太阳能热水系统控制方法，其特征在于：工作流程为：
    (1)、初次使用上水动作：控制仪通电，初次使用时上水打开热水龙 头用水阀，自来水经减压阀流向用水信号管路，推动水流传感器转动，发送用水信号给控制仪，控制上水阀得电打开、泄压阀得电关闭，从而使自来水经冷水管路向真空管集热器进水口供水；当真空管集热器上满水后，水体经真空管集热器上部出水口流入用水管路，用水管路中的水位传感器探测到有水信号，待热水龙头用水阀大量出水即为满水；关闭热水龙头用水阀并等待片刻后，水流传感器水流信号消失，控制仪自动切断上水阀电源，停止上水；控制仪控制泄压阀断电打开，用水管路高于泄压管路有压的水体通过泄压阀排出，此时泄压管路与大气直通，真空管集热器进入常压状态；
    (2)用前测温动作：控制仪根据设定的时间间隔或用水时间点，检测真空管集热器中的热水温度是否满足用户使用要求，控制仪通电打开上水阀开始上水，泄压阀仍然处于打开状态，冷水管路、真空管集热器、用水管路、泄压管路形成水路，当水位传感器检测到满水状态后停止上水；然后泄压阀断电关闭、循环阀打开，并启动循环泵，由真空管集热器下部进水口经部分冷水管路、辅助管路至真空管集热器上部出水口形成循环水路，将真空管集热器中的热水打循环，通过辅助管路中的水温传感器检测热水的实时温度，循环结束后将计算出的平均温度在下次测温动作前一直显示在控制仪上；
    (3)、辅热动作：真空管集热器内温度检测完成后，当平均温度高于设定值时，则辅助加热不启动；当平均温度低于用户设定温度时，则辅助加热装置自动启动，循环泵启动形成真空管集热器下部进水口、部分冷水管路、辅助管路、真空管集热器上部出水口的水路，将真空 管集热器中的水体泵送至辅助管路上的辅助加热装置内加热后送至真空管集热器上部出水口，当水体循环设定分钟后，控制仪控制泄压阀打开2‐3s，将加热后产生的内压排至大气，整个辅助加热过程直至平均水温达到设定温度停止，并将泄压阀打开，形成空管直通大气，使真空管集热器恢复至常压状态；
    (4)、正常用水动作：打开热水龙头用水阀，小流量自来水经用水信号管路流向热水龙头用水阀，推动水流传感器转动，发送信号给控制仪，控制仪切断所有220V输出电源，上水阀打开，泄压阀关闭，从而向真空管集热器供水，将真空管集热器内的热水顶向上部出水口，通过用水管路箱热水龙头用水阀供水；
    (5)用水调节动作：用水过程中，调小热水流量或暂停用水，用水管路内的压力上升，当压力超过压力传感器的上限值时，控制仪切断上水阀的电源，暂停向真空管集热器内供冷水，真空管集热器内的余压继续将热水通过用水管路顶向热水龙头用水阀，直至用水管路中压力低于压力传感器的下限值时，控制仪重新接通上水阀的电源，继续供水使用；
    (6)故障动作：使用热水时，开启热水龙头用水阀，若在设定时间内水位传感器仍无信号，则判定为真空管集热器有故障，则自动切断上水阀的电源，停止供水并由控制仪报警；
    (3)、管道防冻保温动作：当管道温度传感器检测的温度低于设定温度时，控制仪启动冷水管路上伴热带保温，当温度升至设定温度上限时，停止伴热带加热；
    (4)、集热器防冻保温动作：真空管集热器内温度检测完成后，当平均温度低于系统设定的防冻温度下限值时，则辅助加热装置自动进入辅热状态，当平均温度达到设定的防冻温度上限值时停止。
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