WO2021181255A1 - Élément de régulation de température - Google Patents

Élément de régulation de température Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021181255A1
WO2021181255A1 PCT/IB2021/051934 IB2021051934W WO2021181255A1 WO 2021181255 A1 WO2021181255 A1 WO 2021181255A1 IB 2021051934 W IB2021051934 W IB 2021051934W WO 2021181255 A1 WO2021181255 A1 WO 2021181255A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
substance
element according
hydroretentive
alveoli
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/051934
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pier Giuseppe MARCON
Original Assignee
Marcon Pier Giuseppe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marcon Pier Giuseppe filed Critical Marcon Pier Giuseppe
Publication of WO2021181255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021181255A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A41D13/0053—Cooled garments
    • A41D13/0056—Cooled garments using evaporative effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an element capable of regulating the temperature of the surface with which it is in contact.
  • the element works through the use of materials that synergistically balance (A) evaporative endothermy and (B) thermal inertialization.
  • gel-containing garments For cooling only people during sports activities or in hot climates, gel-containing garments are known, see e.g. W01996019126 or US5755110.
  • the garment has a plurality of pockets to contain polyacrylamide beads that absorb water to form a gel, The gel then can be cooled or frozen to give a cooling effect to the wearer of the necessarily wet, cold or frozen garment.
  • the object of the invention is to improve this state of the art, in particular by making the above-mentioned functions (A) and (B) coexist in a single product.
  • This object is achieved by what is defined in the appended claims, wherein the dependent claims define advantageous variants.
  • An aspect of the invention relates to an element for regulating the temperature of a surface with which it is in contact, comprising
  • a second inner layer of breathable and preferably water-repellent textile material to be applied e.g. on the skin.
  • the first layer has hydrophilic hygroscopicity greater than or equal to that of the second layer.
  • the temperature-regulating element may optionally comprise a third layer, placed between the first and second layer.
  • the first layer has hydrophilic hygroscopicity greater than or equal to that of the second layer, but still less than that of the third layer.
  • thermoregulation of the human body is thermoregulation of the human body.
  • the aforementioned element can be applied to any body to be thermoregulated, and at any inclination, such as a panel in construction, panels for ventilated walls or roofs, seat spacers, mattresses, upholstery in general, both thermal and athermal blankets, work jackets and coats, T-shirts, shoes and headgear, and medical supports, complete garment fabrics, agro-textile, etc.
  • 3D (three-dimensional) fabrics as layers, i.e. fabrics that have a pronounced third dimension in the direction of thickness, whether they are woven, knitted, braided or stitched with possible nonwoven (TNT) inserts.
  • An advantageous embodiment is based on a fabric comprising three or more sets of yarns, e.g. differentiated according to the interfacial tensions, to obtain a 3D interlaced, non-interlaced or fully interlaced fabric (shuttle weaving) or 2.5 D (pile), according to Khokar's classification (1998), in order to obtain solid, semi-solid, hollow, shell or nodal structures that can also include 3D nonwoven.
  • the realization may be done both on 3D knitting and 3D weaving machines, whether circular, straight or with seamless technology.
  • hydrophilic hygroscopicity is given by the interfacial tension, i.e. (see Figs. 1 and 2) the force per unit length acting tangentially to the separation surface 10 between liquid 12 and another phase, opposing the increase in interface surface area.
  • the contact angle a is determined to measure the wettability of surfaces. Taken a drop of liquid 12 deposited on a solid surface 10, the contact angle a is defined as that angle formed by the liquid-gas interface with respect to the solid surface 10.
  • surfaces having a contact angle a with water greater than 90 degrees are considered hydrophobic and surfaces with angles a less than 90 degrees are considered hydrophilic.
  • This feature can be inherent spontaneously in the nature of the yarn and add to the porosity resulting from the type of fiber that is generally higher for natural yarns (e g. wool, cotton, etc.), to follow generally artificial materials obtained from the processing of natural raw materials of organic origin (e.g. acetate, viscose, etc.), and finally synthetic materials (e.g. polyester or polypropylene, etc.), or decreased with water repellency treatments or, on the contrary, increased with an increase in the surface of the yarn (in the case of natural yarns e.g. by carding, and in synthetic materials e.g. by drawing with an indented surface),
  • the adsorption surface can also be further increased by mesh processing.
  • the first layer the one that would be the outermost layer in a garment, with function of amplifying the body surface of greatest evaporating perspiration, preferably is a layer with strong adsorption properties, i.e. with angle a ⁇ 90 degrees. Maximum wettability occurs when the angle a is equal to or close to zero.
  • the second layer is the one that, in a garment, would be the innermost layer (e.g. in contact with the skin).
  • the second layer is a layer with low adsorption properties with angle a greater than or equal to that of the first layer. There can be equality because there is the boost given by evaporation (Venturi effect).
  • the element comprises interstitial alveoli between the first and second layers, e.g.
  • the alveoli may be e.g. cavities present in the body of the first and/or second layer.
  • the interstitial alveoli are solid, or semi-solid, or hollow, or shell or nodal structures formed between said two layers.
  • the alveoli contain one or more hydroretentive substances or means, preferably retained and/or contained in yarns.
  • the hydroretentive substance or means may also be in the form of granules or beads, provided that they are kept by small compartments and/or horizontal in order to prevent deposition by gravity, or in flakes so as to be spun or compressed into TNT ( nonwoven ).
  • the alveoli are arranged in the element so that they are little in contact with - or stand at some distance from - the contact surface, to allow room for air to circulate in two directions through the element.
  • the alveoli are arranged in the element so as to be at the interface (or contact surface) between the first and second layer, in particular a half of the alveolus is formed within the first layer and a half of the alveolus is formed within the second layer.
  • the one or more hydroretentive substances or means has the characteristic of being a water retentor compensatory and dampening of the aforementioned functions (A) and (B).
  • the second layer has the function of conveying sweat or water both towards the first layer and towards said substance or means, keeping the surface of least contact as dry as possible.
  • the second layer does not get soaked with sweat or water but pushes it towards the first layer, which absorbs it and from which it can evaporate bringing a first cooling to the air between the cells and the surface of least contact (e.g. skin).
  • the two layers draw energy from the human body through an endothermic action in the state transition with the evaporation favored (also) by an air flow directed from the outside through the two layers and by an outwardly-directed air flow between the support surface (e.g. the skin) and the first layer.
  • a further action of thermal control occurs thanks to the inertialization provided by the high thermal capacity of the water contained in the retentive substance or means.
  • the water retained by the retentive substance or means acts as a thermal flywheel and creates a protection due to its thermal inertia in case of sudden thermal variations. This is due to the high effusivity and low diffusivity of the water retained in the retentive substance or means.
  • the hydroretentive substance or means has angle a close to zero (e.g. 20 degrees), near zero (e.g 10 degrees) or zero.
  • the alveoli have bigger dimension than the volume of the hydroretentive substance or means contained therein. That is, between said substance or means and the inner surface of the respective alveolus there is preferably an empty space to allow the substance to expand while absorbing water.
  • the advantage besides increasing the absorbing surface, is to retain liquid inside the substance or means until it is expelled therefrom and made evaporated in an amount dependent on the thermal condition of the element resulting from the thermo-hygrometric inputs of both the underlying body and the external environment.
  • Said substance or means is capable of drawing water either in vapor form or in liquid form (e g from sweat)
  • Said substance or means may be e.g. any superabsorbent hydroretentive gel such as SAP, or PAM or PAN, whether synthetic or semi-synthetic, even in combination with each other.
  • the gel is generally a polymer, such as polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, acrylamide, etc.
  • Said substance or means also has the advantage that it adds absorption capacity - twenty to hundreds of times its own weight - to the normal physical function of adsorption given by the type of fiber, and prevents water from flowing by gravity.
  • Another advantage is that the element offers a cooling action on the body by using evaporation in a controlled manner.
  • Said substance or means is preferably retained and protected internally between the first and second layers.
  • the ionic dissociation determines a consequent osmotic pressure from said substance or means towards the outside, there is expulsion of water molecules and a more modest retention thereof in absorption in the first outer layer.
  • the substance or means in order to avoid leakage - if the absorption power exceeds the viscosity limit - it is preferable to support the substance or means with a hygrophilic fiber, better if very hygrophilic, both for interfacial tension and porosity.
  • the fiber has adsorption functions in order to avoid the dispersion of the semi fluid.
  • the hydroretentive substance or means has a low concentration of crosslinker to allow gel blocking but not the "fisheye" (see Buchholz and Graham, 1998).
  • An advantage given by the combination of the above components is that the cooling action increases or decreases spontaneously in proportion to the body sweat or water vapor emitted by the person for having exceeded the ideal body temperature as a result of either the consumption of calories via movement or external supply from the environment. Therefore, the combination of components automatically regulates heat removal through endothermia to maintain the underlying body at an almost constant temperature in non stress situations given the high effusivity and low inertial diffusivity of the substance or means.
  • the first and second layers may be any panniculus, woven or textured fabric, integument, membrane, consisting of filaments or burrs of various materials whether natural, synthetic or artificial
  • the first and second layers preferably are generally a fabric, e.g. a drapery, a woven or textured fabric, a tegument, a membrane, consisting of filaments or burrs of different materials, differentiated, e.g. both by characteristics of the component (yarn, felt, nonwoven fabric, etc. ) and by nature (natural, synthetic, artificial)
  • Said substance or means is e.g. any super-absorbent hydroretentive gel such as SAP, or PAM or PAN, whether synthetic or semi-synthetic, even in combination thereof.
  • the gel is generally a polymer, such as polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, acrylamide, etc.
  • the hydroretentive substance or means may also be in the form of granules or beads.
  • the aforementioned element forms overall a composite fabric.
  • said substance or means is not in total contact with the surface to be thermoregulated.
  • direct air passages are present to facilitate the upward thrust of water in both liquid and vapor form.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a garment made from - or comprising - said composite element or fabric.
  • the garment is e.g. a T-shirt, pants, a face mask, a cap, a protective blanket, etc.
  • the temperature control element may be configured so that the water-repellent element captures water also from external (re)condensation, to allow both liquids and steam to reach the two yarns/fabrics that will expel them;
  • an advantage of said substance or means, especially in the form of an inerting gel is that it is capable of quickly absorbing and retaining water, preventing it from running off.
  • Such water which may be sweat, rain, or liquids in general, allows it to be saved and then expelled by evaporation in a progressive manner and proportionally to the external temperature;
  • the element is configured to pass air through both the first and second layers
  • the materials of the temperature regulating element do not have a flat surface and stay raised to let air pass which really dries the skin.
  • the aforementioned materials could also have a flat bottom but being perforated in their entirety they still obtain the effect of "exchange radiator” allowing the passage of air and the withdrawal of heat as well as allowing the evaporation of water contained/kept in the intermediate layer.
  • - Fig. 1 shows a representation of a surface with high hydrophilic hygroscopicity
  • - Fig. 2 shows a representation of a surface with low hydrophilic hygroscopicity
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic partial cross-section of a fabric
  • Fig. 4 shows various types of weaves and fronts applicable to a fabric according to the invention.
  • equal numbers indicate equal or similar parts, and the element is described as in use. To avoid crowding the drawings not all equal elements are marked.
  • a fabric 40 (fig. 3) comprises a first outer layer 20 overlaid on a second inner layer 30.
  • the inner layer 30 in use contacts - or is closest to - a support surface S, e.g. the skin S of the user, to the extent/in the form of least contact.
  • the outer layer 20 in use contacts - or is closest to - the environment.
  • the support surface S may be curved or flat.
  • the layer 20 has hydrophilic hygroscopicity greater than, or equal to (being able to benefit from vapor thrust by venturi effect), that of the second layer 30. According to the characterization in Figs. 1 and 2, a water droplet in the layer 20 has contact angle a less than or equal to the contact angle a in the layer 30. E.g. the layer 20 has contact angle a less than or equal to 90 degrees.
  • the layer 30 has contact angle a greater than or equal to 90 degrees.
  • the fabric 40 comprises alveoli 34 located between the first and second layer 20, 30.
  • the alveoli 34 contain one or more hydroretentive substances or means 32, e.g. a gel, preferably retained and/or contained in yarns or fibers.
  • the retentive substance 32 is able to retain water, therefore due to the high thermal capacity of water the retentive substance acts as a thermal flywheel.
  • the heat emitted or received by, for example, the human body is sufficient for the well-being of the same because contained in the comfort values, the water retained by the substance 32 evaporates, and the evaporation subtracts further heat from the fabric.
  • Such values preferably coincide with the values of the temperature that allows the substance 32 to evaporate, and in particular to subtract up to 2210 J/gr.
  • the hollow, shell or nodal alveoli 34 are larger in size than the volume of the water-retaining substance 32 contained therein.
  • the substance 32 is capable of drawing water both in the form of vapor from the moisture internal to the fabrics, and in liquid form as sweat
  • the substance 32 may be e.g. any hydroretentive gel, such as SAP or PAM or PAN, whether synthetic or semi-synthetic, even in combination with each other.
  • the gel is a polymer, such as polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, acrylamide, etc.
  • the substance or means 32 has a contact angle a of less than 90 degrees
  • the two layers 20, 30 and the substance 32 work synergistically.
  • the layer 30 does not soak up water, with the frequent discomfort that the garment drips with sweat but the person is still warm. Instead, the layer 30 pushes water and water vapor towards the layer 20 and the substance 32, which absorb it and from which it can evaporate, bringing coolness first to the air contained in the spaces between the alveoli 34, and then to the substance 32, and finally to the skin, i.e. the contact surface S.
  • the arrow F indicates a flow of air penetrating the fabric 40 from the outside to the inside.
  • the air arrives in - and/or is favored by - empty cavities 50 formed by the natural texture or irregularity of the layer 30.
  • the airflow may also flow back outward from the inside.
  • the substance 32 may be flanked by a hydrophilic substance or fiber 36.
  • the fiber or substance 36 has an adsorption function to prevent dispersion of the semi-fluid.
  • the fabric 40 may make up e.g. a T-shirt, pants, a face mask, a cap, or a thermal blanket.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates some textures for a fabric according to the invention. Yarn structures with cells of - or containing - the substance 32 inside can be seen (see also arrows).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément apte à réguler la température d'une surface avec laquelle l'élément est en contact. Il comprend une première couche externe de matériau textile perméable à l'air et hygroscopique superposée sur une seconde couche interne de matériau textile perméable à l'air et de préférence hydrofuge, éventuellement avec un matériau de rétention d'eau interposé, toujours avec des trous ou des espaces de transpiration entre ceux-ci.
PCT/IB2021/051934 2020-03-11 2021-03-09 Élément de régulation de température WO2021181255A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102020000005269 2020-03-11
IT102020000005269A IT202000005269A1 (it) 2020-03-11 2020-03-11 Elemento per il controllo della temperatura

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021181255A1 true WO2021181255A1 (fr) 2021-09-16

Family

ID=71784372

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2021/051934 WO2021181255A1 (fr) 2020-03-11 2021-03-09 Élément de régulation de température

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) IT202000005269A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021181255A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908248A (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-03-13 Mitsuyoshi Nakashima Cooling device for cooling parts in the proximity thereof
GB2430443A (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-28 Lenzing Fibers Ltd Wicking fabric
WO2007107264A1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Geox S.P.A. Tissu, notamment pour vetements et chaussures

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908248A (en) * 1988-05-19 1990-03-13 Mitsuyoshi Nakashima Cooling device for cooling parts in the proximity thereof
GB2430443A (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-28 Lenzing Fibers Ltd Wicking fabric
WO2007107264A1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Geox S.P.A. Tissu, notamment pour vetements et chaussures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT202000005269A1 (it) 2021-09-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11066764B2 (en) Cooling fabric
US20120190259A1 (en) Evaporative cooling material
JP4911190B2 (ja) 快適性布帛
US20030208831A1 (en) Cooling garment made of water-resistant fabric
KR101511480B1 (ko) 구역화된 기능성 직물
WO2004049846A2 (fr) Systeme personnel d'hydratation et de rafraichissement
Zhang Heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing
US20160032501A1 (en) Moisture transfer yarn and fabric
WO2018005658A1 (fr) Tissu de radiateur synthétique
US9885129B2 (en) Fabric and method of making the same
US20220258450A1 (en) Multi-layer apparel and accessory construction for cooling and ventilation
JP3976504B2 (ja) 吸放湿発熱性中地及び吸放湿発熱性保温品
WO2021181255A1 (fr) Élément de régulation de température
KR100896796B1 (ko) 자기제어형 보온원단
Mondal Thermo-regulating textiles with phase-change materials
CN209580697U (zh) 一种吸湿排汗且保暖的服装
AU2013331379B2 (en) Fabric and method of making the same
Karthik et al. Moisture management study on inner and outer layer blended fleece fabric
US6524349B2 (en) Maintaining the hydrophobicity of a polyolefin textile
CN113445190A (zh) 一种多场景热湿舒适性功能针织面料及其制备方法
Kumar A review on comfort properties of functional wear apparels
RU2772184C2 (ru) Охлаждающее текстильное полотно и изделия постельных принадлежностей
Hussain et al. Moisture transport phenomena of functional underwears
JP2024024864A (ja) 温度調節器
CN115447233A (zh) 一种透气调温面料

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21715966

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205 DATED 02/11/2022)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21715966

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1