WO2021180931A1 - Fabrication d'un mur par projection par voie seche d'une composition comprenant de la terre crue - Google Patents
Fabrication d'un mur par projection par voie seche d'une composition comprenant de la terre crue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021180931A1 WO2021180931A1 PCT/EP2021/056351 EP2021056351W WO2021180931A1 WO 2021180931 A1 WO2021180931 A1 WO 2021180931A1 EP 2021056351 W EP2021056351 W EP 2021056351W WO 2021180931 A1 WO2021180931 A1 WO 2021180931A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- binder
- composition
- slag
- aggregates
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 calcium silicate hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0608—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
- C04B28/082—Steelmaking slags; Converter slags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
- C04B2111/00163—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite by the dry process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
- Y02P40/18—Carbon capture and storage [CCS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- Manufacture of a wall by dry spraying of a composition comprising raw earth The invention relates to the field of construction.
- It relates more particularly to the construction of walls, in particular of walls, of buildings.
- the walls are made of concrete, which is prepared in concrete plants, then transported to the site in mixer trucks and finally poured between formwork. The concrete then ensures both the bearing of the building and the realization of the wall by filling.
- the load-bearing structure of the building consists of frame parts (for example of the column and beam type), often in concrete, prefabricated in the factory and transported by truck to the site, the infill wall being produced at the site. by means of concrete blocks or bricks (generally in terracotta) assembled by mortars or glues.
- prefabricated concrete walls are transported by truck to the site and fixed to the supporting structure of the building.
- These different construction techniques due to the materials used and their implementation, have a high environmental footprint, both by greenhouse gas emissions and by consumption of abiotic resources, and thus contribute to the depletion of the latter. as well as global warming.
- Cement production requires the extraction of limestone and clays and, due to the high temperatures required during heating, produces large amounts of CO2 (approx. 800 kg per tonne of cement produced). Concrete production also requires the extraction of various sands and aggregates.
- the transport (usually road) of prefabricated construction materials to construction sites also contributes to global warming. Finally, construction generates significant volumes of excavation waste.
- Application WO 96/11309 discloses a method for manufacturing walls comprising the dry spraying of a composition comprising a binder and raw earth.
- the binder is Portland cement or a pozzolanic material such as fly ash.
- the aim of the invention is to improve this technique by proposing a construction technique with a reduced environmental footprint, as well as compositions suitable for this technique, which make it possible to obtain walls which meet the requirements of the field in terms of quality.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a wall, in which a filling wall is produced between frame parts by dry spraying of a pulverulent composition
- a pulverulent composition comprising:
- binder from 1 to 40% by weight of binder, including slag, the proportion by weight of slag relative to the total weight of binder being at least 30%,
- the wall can be an infill wall, therefore non-structural. It can also be a structural wall.
- a subject of the invention is a wall obtained (or capable of being obtained) by implementing such a method.
- a subject of the invention is a pulverulent composition suitable for use in the process according to the invention, which comprises:
- binder from 1 to 40% by weight of binder, including slag, the proportion by weight of slag relative to the total weight of binder being at least 30%,
- Dry spraying is a technique in which a pulverulent composition is propelled, in particular by compressed air, along a pipe towards a spray lance, water (generally under pressure) being added to the composition. in the lance in order to ensure the humidification of the composition just at the moment of projection.
- This technique is used today in new work or (especially) in repairing old structures to project layers of concrete onto a support coated with reinforcements. It is mainly used to produce very complex shapes or for sites that are difficult to access (tunnels, underground works, etc.).
- the inventors have been able to demonstrate that such a technique could be used to produce walls exhibiting good mechanical strength and good durability, from a pulverulent composition comprising raw earth and a binder based on slag.
- the use of raw land makes it possible both to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of abiotic resources.
- the raw earth is preferably obtained from the excavation of soils located on the site or near the site, so that it requires little or no transport.
- the raw earth can come from neighboring sites, for example from public works sites (construction of tunnels for underground means of transport, etc.). The process therefore makes it possible to recycle this excavated soil (thus reducing the waste generated by the site) and to reduce the need for concrete or prefabricated materials as well as their transport.
- slag compared to Portland cement or pozzolanic materials, makes it possible to reduce dimensional variations of thermal origin, and therefore the risk of the appearance of cracks. This property could be due to the fact that the heat released during the hydration reaction is lower.
- the long-term mechanical strength and durability of the material constituting the wall are also better in the case of the use of slag, probably because its microstructure is less permeable to aggressive agents.
- the wall can be an exterior or interior wall of a building.
- the framework parts preferably have a supporting function. These are, for example, posts and beams, in particular in concrete (generally reinforced), in wood or in metal (in particular in steel).
- the frame pieces are assembled in such a way as to create the load-bearing frame of the building, ensuring its rigidity and stability.
- the pulverulent composition is preferably propelled by compressed air towards a spray lance.
- the composition is dry in the sense that it is not mixed with the mixing water to form a paste. Some constituents of the composition, especially soil, may however be slightly wet.
- the percentage of humidity of the pulverulent composition generally does not exceed 15%, in particular 10% and even 5% by weight. Water is added to the composition in the lance or near the lance, so to ensure the humidification of the composition just at the time of projection or just before it.
- At least one retaining element is preferably placed between the frame pieces so as to retain the projected composition.
- This retaining element is preferably in the form of a panel or a plate, in particular based on wood (for example of the OSB panel type), of metal or of plaster (for example of the plasterboard type), or else in the form of a close-knit fabric or mesh.
- the retaining element is removed after completion of the wall.
- the retaining element remains in place to form part of the wall of the building.
- the wall according to the invention therefore comprises in this case the retaining element.
- the holding element is plasterboard, this option is preferred.
- the thickness of the wall obtained is preferably between 10 and 30 cm, in particular between 12 and 25 cm, for example close to 15 cm. It is therefore indeed a wall (self-supporting) and not a coating deposited on a pre-existing wall.
- the process according to the invention uses a pulverulent composition comprising raw earth and a binder based on slag.
- a pulverulent composition comprising raw earth and a binder based on slag.
- the following details relate to this powdery composition.
- binder content in the composition is between 1 and 40%, in particular between 2 and 30%, or even between 4 and 20% or alternatively between 5 and 15%, relative to the weight of pulverulent composition.
- binder is meant a single binder or a mixture of binders. In the latter case, the term “binder” collectively covers this mixture, and the proportions indicated with respect to the binder take into account the total weight of binder.
- the binder serves, in the final wall, to bind the aggregates so as to form a rigid material having sufficient mechanical strength.
- the binder of the powder composition comprises a slag.
- the proportion by weight of slag relative to the total weight of binder is at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, or even at least 50% or at least 60% or even at least 70% . This proportion may be 100%, in the sense that the binder consists of one (or more) slag (s), or at most 95% or at most 90%.
- a slag is a by-product of an industrial process involving the fusion of a starting material, fusion intended to separate metals from an oxide phase, the latter being called “slag”.
- the use of slag makes it possible to reduce the carbon footprint of the composition, and therefore of the process, in comparison with the use of a cement.
- the slag is preferably granulated, in the sense that it has undergone thermal quenching with water, the consequence of which is to obtain grains which are generally predominantly amorphous.
- the granulated slag is then preferably ground in order to make it more active.
- the slag is therefore preferably a ground granulated slag.
- the slag is a ground granulated blast furnace slag.
- a slag used as a binder, has the advantage of being insensitive to external sulphate attack, which is advantageous in particular if the raw earth contains calcium sulphates.
- the slag (in particular ground granulated blast furnace slag) is preferably activated.
- the binder then comprises, in addition to the slag, an activator.
- activator is meant here an activating compound (which improves the setting and / or hardening of the slag) or, collectively, a mixture of such compounds.
- the total proportion of activator in the binder is preferably between 1 and 20%, in particular between 2 and 15% by weight.
- the activator is preferably chosen from the group formed by: bases (in particular alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal silicates and alkali metal carbonates); microparticles of slag with a fineness greater than or equal to 6000 Blaine; microparticles of calcium and / or magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates or aluminum silicate hydrates; ground aluminous granulated slags; sources of calcium sulphate (especially gypsum, hemihydrate or anhydrite); alkali metal sulfates, halides, nitrates or carboxylates; Portland cement; lime; and mixtures of two or more of these compounds.
- bases in particular alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal silicates and alkali metal carbonates
- microparticles of slag with a fineness greater than or equal to 6000 Blaine microparticles of calcium and / or magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates or aluminum silicate hydrates
- the activator comprises slag microparticles with a fineness greater than or equal to 6000 Blaine, in particular between 6000 and 15000 Blaine, in a content of between 1 and 35%, in particular between 5 and 15% , weight of binder.
- the activator can also comprise at least one of the following compounds: a base, in particular chosen from hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth, in a total content of at most 1%, in particular comprised between 0.2 and 0.4%, relative to the weight of binder; a source of calcium sulfate; alkali metal sulphates, in a total content of at most 1%, in particular between 0.2 and 0.4%, based on the weight of binder; Portland cement, an aluminous cement or a sulphoaluminous cement, in a total content of not more than 4% relative to the weight of binder.
- a base in particular chosen from hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth, in a total content of at most 1%, in particular comprised between 0.2 and 0.4%, relative to the weight of binder
- a source of calcium sulfate alkali metal sulphates, in a total
- the activator comprises microparticles of calcium and / or magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates or aluminum silicate hydrates, the BET (nitrogen) specific surface of which is greater than 1 m 2 / g and the average diameter is less than 5 ⁇ m.
- the activator can also comprise at least one of the following compounds: a base, in particular chosen from hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth, in a total content of at most 1%, in particular comprised between 0.2 and 0.4%, relative to the weight of binder; a source of calcium sulfate; alkali metal sulphates, in a total content of at most 1%, in particular between 0.2 and 0.4%, relative to the weight of binder; calcium nitrate, calcium formate, Portland cement, an aluminous cement or a sulphoaluminous cement, in a total content of not more than 5% relative to the weight of binder.
- a base in particular chosen from hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth, in a total content of at most 1%, in particular comprised between 0.2 and 0.4%, relative to the weight of binder
- a source of calcium sulfate alkali metal
- the activator comprises a ground granulated aluminous slag, in particular the chemical composition of which comprises 30 to 60% by weight of alumina, 5 to 25% by weight of silica and 20 to 40% of lime. , alumina being the most abundant constituent.
- the ground granulated aluminous slag is preferably obtained from the recycling by total melting of catalysts used for the desulphurization of petroleum products, in particular of catalysts based on molybdenum and / or cobalt.
- the activator can also comprise at least one of the following compounds: a base, in particular chosen from hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth, in a total content of at most 2% relative to the weight of binder; a source of calcium sulfate; sulphates alkali metals, in a total content of at most 2% relative to the weight of binder; Portland cement, an aluminous cement or a sulphoaluminous cement, in a total content of not more than 2% relative to the weight of binder.
- a base in particular chosen from hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth, in a total content of at most 2% relative to the weight of binder
- a source of calcium sulfate sulphates alkali metals, in a total content of at most 2% relative to the weight of binder
- Portland cement, an aluminous cement or a sulphoaluminous cement
- a slag is a latent hydraulic binder, that is to say a binder whose hydraulic character can be obtained by adding at least one activator.
- hydraulic binder is meant a binder which sets and hardens under water.
- the activator is part of the binder and the total activator content is included in the total binder content.
- the binder can further include other hydraulic binders, in addition to slag.
- the or each (additional) hydraulic binder is preferably chosen from the group formed by Portland cements, belitic cements, aluminous cements, sulphoaluminous cements, pozzolanic mixture cements, fly ash, metakaolins, hydraulic lime and mixtures of two or more of these hydraulic binders.
- Fly ash and metakaolins are pozzolanic binders which require activation by a lime source. In this case the lime source is part of the binder.
- the total proportion by weight of Portland cement, aluminous cement, sulphoaluminous cement, hydraulic lime and aerial lime relative to the total weight of binder is preferably at most 20%, in particular d 'at most 10% and even at most 5%. This proportion is even advantageously zero.
- the aggregate content in the composition is between 60 and 99%, in particular between 70 and 98%, or even between 80 and 96%, or alternatively between 85 and 95%, relative to the weight of pulverulent composition.
- Aggregates include raw earth.
- Raw earth typically contains sands, clays and silt, in varying amounts depending on where it is excavated.
- the excavation site is located on the construction site or nearby so as not to negatively impact the environmental footprint of the process and reduce the amount of waste generated by the site.
- the proportion by weight of raw earth relative to the total weight of aggregates is at least 50%, in particular at least 60% and even at least 70% or at least 80%. It can even be 100%, i.e. the aggregates consist of raw earth.
- the raw earth may also have undergone preparatory operations for the implementation of the method, in particular but not only a screening operation.
- preparation operations are carried out, they are preferably carried out at the site of excavation, the latter preferably being the site of construction.
- the method according to the invention can therefore comprise a step of screening the raw earth prior to the projection step.
- a drying step can also be carried out if necessary.
- the aggregates can also comprise aggregates other than raw earth, and in particular lightweight aggregates and / or fibers.
- Lightweight aggregates make it possible to reduce the density of the material constituting the wall, and therefore its weight, thereby making it possible to reduce the weight, and therefore the environmental footprint, of the structural parts of the building.
- the presence of light aggregates also makes it possible to reduce the modulus of elasticity as well as the thermal conductivity of the final material.
- the light aggregates preferably have a bulk density of at most 900 kg / m 3 , preferably between 50 kg / m 3 and 900 kg / m 3 , and in particular between 150 kg / m 3 and 800 kg / m 3 .
- the bulk density of light aggregates can in particular be measured according to standard EN 1097-3: 1998.
- the light aggregates are preferably chosen from pozzolan, perlite, vermiculite, expanded glass beads, hollow glass microspheres, cenospheres, expanded silicates, expanded clays, expanded polystyrene beads, cork and theirs. mixtures.
- the light aggregates are of natural origin, for example pozzolans.
- the proportion by weight of light aggregates relative to the total weight of aggregates is preferably at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, for example between 1 and 50%, in particular between 5 and 35%.
- the fibers are preferably natural fibers (plant or animal), in particular plant fibers, such as hemp, flax or wood fibers.
- the fibers allow the material to be mechanically reinforced.
- the proportion by weight of fibers relative to the total weight of aggregates is preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, for example between 1 and 10%, especially between 2 and 8%.
- the pulverulent composition may also comprise, in addition to the binder and aggregates, various additives or adjuvants, chosen in particular from rheological agents, water-retaining agents, air-entraining agents, thickening agents, protection biocides, dispersing agents, pigments, accelerators and / or retarders, polymeric resins.
- additives or adjuvants chosen in particular from rheological agents, water-retaining agents, air-entraining agents, thickening agents, protection biocides, dispersing agents, pigments, accelerators and / or retarders, polymeric resins.
- the total content of additives and adjuvants preferably varies between 0.001 and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the pulverulent composition can comprise between 4 and 20% of a binder and between 80 and 96% of aggregates, the proportion of ground granulated blast furnace slag relative to the weight of binder being between 70 and 100% and the proportion of raw earth relative to the weight of aggregates being between 60 and 100%.
- the maximum diameter (Dmax), determined by sieving is preferably at most 20 mm, in particular at most 16 mm.
- the composition is not too fine, so that the coarser aggregates compact the fine particles of the composition and thus promote the adhesion of the material to the holding member.
- the particle size distribution of the composition is such that the proportion of particles having a size between 8 and 16 mm, in particular between 10 and 16 mm, is at least 10% by weight, preferably between 10% and 30 % in weight. The particle size distribution is determined by sieving.
- Example 1 is a comparative example not using slag.
- the slag was a ground granulated blast furnace slag.
- the aluminous slag was a ground granulated aluminous slag, resulting from the recycling by total melting of catalysts for the desulphurization of petroleum products based on cobalt and molybdenum.
- the main constituents of this slag are alumina (41%), lime (32.6%), silica (12.6%), magnesium oxide (8.9%), iron oxide (1.6%) and sulfur (1.6%). Walls were obtained by dry spraying of these compositions between timber frames, against OSB retaining elements.
- the thickness of the walls obtained was 9.5 cm, 14.5 cm and 18 cm.
- the material After spraying, the material was set immediately after application and hard to the touch after 2 to 24 hours.
- the drying, the acquisition of the mechanical properties and the possibility of covering (by a coating) then depend on various factors such as the humidity of the composition used, the thickness of application and the climatic conditions.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180019896.6A CN115210194A (zh) | 2020-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | 通过干式喷射包含生土的组合物制造墙壁 |
BR112022014656A BR112022014656A2 (pt) | 2020-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | Fabricação de um muro por projeção por via seca de uma composição que compreende terra crua |
EP21710515.4A EP4118057A1 (fr) | 2020-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | Fabrication d'un mur par projection par voie seche d'une composition comprenant de la terre crue |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2002449A FR3108115B1 (fr) | 2020-03-12 | 2020-03-12 | Fabrication d’un mur par projection par voie sèche d’une composition comprenant de la terre crue |
FRFR2002449 | 2020-03-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021180931A1 true WO2021180931A1 (fr) | 2021-09-16 |
Family
ID=70804771
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/056351 WO2021180931A1 (fr) | 2020-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | Fabrication d'un mur par projection par voie seche d'une composition comprenant de la terre crue |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4118057A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN115210194A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112022014656A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3108115B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021180931A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0245180A1 (fr) * | 1986-05-07 | 1987-11-11 | Pierre Gilles | Procédé de fabrication de murs en pisés ou terre stabilisée, machine à projeter adaptée à sa mise en oeuvre et mur ainsi obtenu |
WO1996011309A1 (fr) | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-18 | Easton David C | Procede de stabilisation de la terre pour la construction de structures et de murs en terre |
DE19542676A1 (de) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-22 | Helmut Sonntag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer schnell härtbaren Mörtelmischung auf der Basis von Lehm |
EP1108697A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-20 | Ziegelei Oberdiessbach AG | Matériau de construction d'argile |
WO2012013983A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Lafarge Sa | Compositions de ciment et de béton contenant du sol |
FR3016376A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-17 | Cematerre | Nouveau perfectionnement a un procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2952050B1 (fr) * | 2009-11-05 | 2012-12-14 | Saint Gobain Weber France | Liants pour materiaux de construction |
GB2489981B (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2013-04-10 | Green Binder Technologies Ltd | Cementitious binders containing ground granulated blast furnace slag |
-
2020
- 2020-03-12 FR FR2002449A patent/FR3108115B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-03-12 BR BR112022014656A patent/BR112022014656A2/pt unknown
- 2021-03-12 CN CN202180019896.6A patent/CN115210194A/zh active Pending
- 2021-03-12 EP EP21710515.4A patent/EP4118057A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-03-12 WO PCT/EP2021/056351 patent/WO2021180931A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0245180A1 (fr) * | 1986-05-07 | 1987-11-11 | Pierre Gilles | Procédé de fabrication de murs en pisés ou terre stabilisée, machine à projeter adaptée à sa mise en oeuvre et mur ainsi obtenu |
WO1996011309A1 (fr) | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-18 | Easton David C | Procede de stabilisation de la terre pour la construction de structures et de murs en terre |
DE19542676A1 (de) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-22 | Helmut Sonntag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer schnell härtbaren Mörtelmischung auf der Basis von Lehm |
EP1108697A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-20 | Ziegelei Oberdiessbach AG | Matériau de construction d'argile |
WO2012013983A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Lafarge Sa | Compositions de ciment et de béton contenant du sol |
FR3016376A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-17 | Cematerre | Nouveau perfectionnement a un procede de fabrication d'au moins un mur vertical a base de terre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112022014656A2 (pt) | 2022-09-20 |
FR3108115A1 (fr) | 2021-09-17 |
CN115210194A (zh) | 2022-10-18 |
FR3108115B1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 |
EP4118057A1 (fr) | 2023-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3458426B1 (fr) | Liant a base de derives d'aluminosilicate de calcium pour materiaux de construction. | |
EP2496533B1 (fr) | Liants pour materiaux de construction | |
EP2467346B1 (fr) | Additifs pour liant hydraulique a base de clinker belite-calcium-sulphoalumineux-ferrite | |
AU2007219709B2 (en) | Matrix for masonry elements and method of manufacture thereof | |
EP3936487A1 (fr) | Composition pour matériau de construction a base de métakaolin, procédé de fabrication associe et utilisation pour la réalisation d'éléments de construction | |
EP2576478B1 (fr) | Liant hydraulique ou mortier a volume stable | |
US20130102727A1 (en) | Synthetic construction aggregate and method of manufacturing same | |
EP2935146B1 (fr) | Materiau cimentaire durcissable a base de liants hydrauliques pour une mise en oeuvre a basses temperatures | |
EP4118057A1 (fr) | Fabrication d'un mur par projection par voie seche d'une composition comprenant de la terre crue | |
US20220089486A1 (en) | Systems and methods for self-sustaining reactive cementitious systems | |
WO2022018037A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'un beton formule a base de laitier active | |
US20240076233A1 (en) | Use of brine in a method of making cementitious compositions and uses thereof | |
JP3190277B2 (ja) | セメント組成物 | |
WO2020212589A1 (fr) | Mortier sec comprenant des granulats de laitier alumineux granule | |
FI126898B (fi) | Hydraulista sideainetta käsittävä koostumus | |
TW202415637A (zh) | 鹵水在製造水泥質組成物之方法中的用途及該等水泥質組成物之用途 | |
Shah | Geopolymer concrete with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. | |
EP3326981A1 (fr) | Composition de genie civil comportant au moins un sel comme activateur d'hydratation | |
FR2904972A1 (fr) | Composition a prise hydraulique. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21710515 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112022014656 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112022014656 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20220725 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021710515 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20221012 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 522440475 Country of ref document: SA |