WO2021180189A1 - 一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法 - Google Patents

一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法 Download PDF

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WO2021180189A1
WO2021180189A1 PCT/CN2021/080333 CN2021080333W WO2021180189A1 WO 2021180189 A1 WO2021180189 A1 WO 2021180189A1 CN 2021080333 W CN2021080333 W CN 2021080333W WO 2021180189 A1 WO2021180189 A1 WO 2021180189A1
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thermal fluid
element thermal
equation
temperature
numerical simulation
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于希南
王硕亮
刘波
梁宝金
朱英杰
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重庆科技学院
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/20Displacing by water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of thermal recovery of heavy oil reservoirs, and in particular relates to a numerical simulation method for multiple thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoirs.
  • the Bohai Sea has a large amount of special heavy oil resources, with tertiary geological reserves of nearly 780 million tons.
  • special heavy oil with a viscosity greater than 350 mPa.s, the cold production capacity is low and even stagnant.
  • thermal fluid huff and puff or steam huff and puff development the fluid viscosity is greatly reduced, the production capacity is greatly improved, and the development effect is significantly improved. Therefore, thermal recovery development is imperative.
  • the multi-element thermal fluid huff and puff is mainly achieved by injecting steam and flue gas (CO 2 and N 2 ), then shutting in and braising the well, and opening the well a few days later to drain the oil to reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil and improve the fluidity and productivity of the heavy oil.
  • the purpose of this method has become one of the main thermal recovery test methods in the Bohai heavy oil field.
  • Thermal recovery numerical simulation can study reasonable development plans and select the best recovery parameters. Heavy oil thermal recovery simulation is a necessary means for the preparation of offshore heavy oil thermal recovery development plans. my country only officially applied the multi-element thermal fluid huff and puff mining method to heavy oil production in 2012, and the practical experience of numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal production is relatively lacking. In addition to the lack of practical experience, the heavy oil produced this time is still very different from the previous ones.
  • the heavy oil we have mined in the past is mainly aimed at shallow heavy oil (the mining depth is within 1000 meters), and the heavy oil is in a low temperature and low pressure state (the phase is gaseous), while the heavy oil in the Bohai Sea is a deep heavy oil, except In addition to the depth of burial, the heavy oil is still in a high temperature and high pressure state (the phase state is liquid). Therefore, the thermal recovery numerical simulation of deep heavy oil mining cannot directly learn from the existing thermal recovery numerical simulation methods and needs to be re-adjusted.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoir numerical simulation method to solve the problem of low simulation accuracy of the existing multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoir numerical simulation method.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • a method for numerical simulation of multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoirs includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Perform PVT experiment, use the data obtained from the test to obtain the new multi-element thermal fluid PR-EOS equation of state; based on the new multi-element thermal fluid PR-EOS equation of state, obtain the phase diagram of the multi-element thermal fluid-heavy oil system;
  • Step 2 Conduct reservoir damage evaluation experiments, describe the damage degree of multi-element thermal fluid to reservoir permeability, and establish a mathematical model of multi-element thermal fluid reservoir damage;
  • Step 3 Use the new multi-element thermal fluid PR-EOS equation of state and reservoir damage mathematical model obtained in step one and step two to establish a multi-element thermal fluid numerical simulation method, and implement it by programming, and obtain a multi-element thermal fluid numerical simulator;
  • the numerical simulator obtains a number of construction schemes for multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery under different conditions, compares different construction schemes, and obtains the optimal multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery construction scheme.
  • the numerical simulation method of the multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoir in this scheme fully considers the phase characteristics of the multi-element thermal fluid and the influence of the multi-element thermal fluid on the reservoir properties, and modifies the existing numerical simulation of the multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoir.
  • the model can greatly improve the accuracy of the existing numerical simulation methods of multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoirs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device used in the PVT experiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in the reservoir damage evaluation experiment
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the original permeability of the core and the core permeability test results after being damaged by multiple thermal fluids
  • Figure 4 is the relationship curve between permeability and PV number of multi-element thermal fluid injected
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart for optimizing BIP.
  • This embodiment discloses a numerical simulation method for a multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery reservoir, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Carry out the PVT experiment.
  • the device used in the PVT experiment is shown in Figure 1.
  • the new multi-element thermal fluid PR-EOS equation of state is obtained using the data obtained from the test; the multi-element thermal fluid is obtained based on the new multi-element thermal fluid PR-EOS equation of state- Phase diagram of heavy oil system.
  • the PR-EOS model is:
  • T is the temperature
  • V is molar volume
  • P c is the critical pressure
  • T C is a critical temperature
  • R is the universal gas constant
  • the Soave function is,
  • the van der Waals mixing rule is applied to calculate the parameters a and b as follows:
  • k ij is the BIP (binary interaction parameter) between the two components.
  • BIP affects the accuracy of the PR-EOS model
  • the critical volume method or critical temperature method can be used to calculate BIP
  • k ij is the BIP (binary interaction parameter) between the i-th component and the j-th component
  • v ci and v cj are the critical volumes of the i-th component and the j-th component, respectively
  • is the critical volume method Exponential constant
  • T ij is the BIP (binary interaction parameter) between the i-th component and the j-th component
  • T ci and T cj are the critical temperatures of the i-th component and the j-th component, respectively
  • is an exponential constant
  • the critical volume method is used for calculation.
  • BIP is related to temperature.
  • the index of BIP at different temperatures is optimized.
  • Figure 5 shows the flow chart for optimizing BIP.
  • the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) in Figure 5 is calculated as follows:
  • Step 2 Conduct a reservoir damage evaluation experiment, describe the damage degree of the multi-element thermal fluid to the reservoir permeability, and establish a mathematical model of multi-element thermal fluid reservoir damage.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement device is selected for the experiment.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement device includes a steam generator and a thermostat.
  • the specific structure of the device is shown in Figure 2.
  • the experimental core is an actual core in an oil field in Xinjiang. Wash oil and dry, and measure the basic parameters of the core.
  • the basic parameter table of the core is shown in Table 1:
  • the temperature of the multi-element thermal fluid is 150°C, 200°C, 250°C and 300°C, respectively.
  • the permeability of the reservoir after damage to the reservoir under different temperature conditions was tested according to the experimental procedures.
  • the original permeability of the core and the core permeability test results after multiple thermal fluid damage are shown in Figure 3. From the experimental results in Fig. 3, it can be seen that the multi-element thermal fluid will damage the core with a permeability of 500 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ m 2 and the core with a permeability of 1200 x 10 -3 ⁇ m 2. The higher the temperature of the multi-element thermal fluid, the damage The damage degree of reservoir permeability is more serious.
  • the permeability value after reservoir damage divided by the original reservoir permeability value is defined as the reservoir permeability damage coefficient (K/K i ).
  • the results of statistical reservoir permeability damage coefficient and PV number of multi-element thermal fluid injection are plotted in In Figure 4 (scattered points are experimental test data, and curves are equation fitting data). It can be seen from Figure 4 that after the multi-element thermal fluid is injected into the core 2PV, the permeability of the core decreases rapidly. When the multi-element thermal fluid temperature is 573K, the permeability drops to 62% of the original permeability. When the multi-element thermal fluid temperature is 413K, the permeability decreases. After the multi-element thermal fluid is injected into the core 6PV, the core permeability decreases significantly, indicating that the multi-element thermal fluid will not cause continuous damage to the reservoir.
  • the permeability reduction coefficient of the multi-element thermal fluid reservoir will be affected by the temperature of the multi-element thermal fluid and the number of PV injected by the multi-element thermal fluid.
  • this example establishes the multi-element thermal fluid reservoir damage mathematical model, see formula A, using the multivariate nonlinear regression method, the multi-element thermal fluid reservoir damage mathematics is calculated The undetermined coefficients of the model are shown in Table 2. Comparing the calculation result of formula A with the actual test result of the experiment ( Figure 3), it can be found that the mathematical model of multi-element thermal fluid reservoir damage established in this embodiment is accurate and reliable.
  • K/K i beta1 ⁇ PV 5 +beta2 ⁇ PV 4 +beta3 ⁇ PV 3 +beta4 ⁇ PV 2 +beta5 ⁇ PV+beta6 ⁇ T 3 +beta7 ⁇ T 2 +beta8 ⁇ T+beta9 (A)
  • Step 3 Use the new multi-element thermal fluid PR-EOS equation of state and reservoir damage mathematical model obtained in step one and step two to establish a multi-element thermal fluid numerical simulation method, and implement it by programming, and obtain a multi-element thermal fluid numerical simulator;
  • the numerical simulator obtains a number of construction schemes for multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery under different conditions, compares different construction schemes, and obtains the optimal multi-element thermal fluid thermal recovery construction scheme.
  • the fluid is composed of 3 phases (oil phase, water phase, gas phase) and 4 components (light oil component, heavy oil component, water component, gas component), and the phase change of the components obeys the phase Principle of balance
  • Fluid seepage is an unequal temperature seepage process
  • the numerical simulation model consists of four types of equations, namely, mass conservation equation, energy conservation equation, constraint equation and boundary condition equation.
  • mass conservation equation energy conservation equation
  • constraint equation boundary condition equation
  • boundary condition equation the basis of the equation of conservation of mass is the principle of conservation of mass.
  • principle of conservation of mass can be expressed as
  • the absolute permeability is no longer constant.
  • This embodiment adopts an explicit time-varying permeability processing method, according to the t- The absolute permeability of 1 time step, PV number and temperature, calculate the absolute permeability of t time step, the specific calculation method is as follows:
  • K(t) (beta1 ⁇ PV 5 +beta2 ⁇ PV 4 +beta3 ⁇ PV 3 +beta4 ⁇ PV 2 +beta5 ⁇ PV+beta6 ⁇ T 3 +beta7 ⁇ T 2 +beta8 ⁇ T+beta9) ⁇ K(t -1) (6)
  • Constraint equations are mainly divided into 4 categories, namely saturation constraint equation, mole fraction constraint equation, phase balance equation, and capillary force equation.
  • saturation constraint equation is:
  • the numerical simulation model is divided into N x ⁇ N y ⁇ N z uniform grids, and the spatial step size of the grid (i,j,k) is ⁇ x, ⁇ y, ⁇ z, and the time step is ⁇ t .
  • the thermal conductivity of the fluid is taken as the harmonic average of two adjacent grids, namely:
  • the velocity of the fluid in the grid is expressed by the following formula
  • the ratio of absolute permeability to viscosity is equal to the harmonic average of two adjacent grids, namely:
  • the relative permeability takes the value of the grid in the flow direction of the fluid source, namely:
  • control equation can be discretized by difference.
  • the discrete form of the mass conservation equation of the water component is:
  • Each grid node contains 4 discrete control equations, and each discrete control equation has strong nonlinearity.
  • this embodiment adopts the Newton-Raphson iterative method to linearize the nonlinear equations.
  • the discrete equation of 4 components can be written as:
  • the vector F represents the discrete equation of 4 components
  • the vector X represents the variable to be determined.
  • J is the Jacobian determinant, which can be calculated using the following formula:
  • the determinant J is a large sparse matrix, which is solved by the conjugate gradient method in this embodiment. After the solution has obtained ⁇ X, it is judged whether it has converged. If it does not, ⁇ X is taken as the increment of the initial value of the previous iteration to obtain the value of the next new iteration.

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Abstract

一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,步骤一:进行PVT实验,利用测试得到的数据得到多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程;基于该状态方程求出多元热流体-稠油体系的相图;步骤二:进行储层伤害评价实验,建立多元热流体储层伤害数学模型;步骤三:利用步骤一、步骤二得到的新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程和储层伤害数学模型,建立多元热流体数值模拟方法,并进行编程实现,得到多元热流体数值模拟器;通过数值模拟器得到多个在不同条件下多元热流体热采的施工方案,进行比较,得到最优的方案。该方法能有效解决现有多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法无法准确描述多元热流体相态特征和多元热流体对储层伤害的问题。

Description

一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法
本申请要求于2020年3月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010176052.X、发明名称为“一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于稠油油藏热采技术领域,具体涉及一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法。
背景技术
渤海特殊稠油资源量大,三级地质储量近7.8亿吨,但对于粘度大于350mPa.s的特殊稠油,冷采产能低,甚至不流动。采用多元热流体吞吐或蒸汽吞吐开发,流体粘度大幅度降低,产能大幅度提高,开发效果明显得到改善,因此热采开发势在必行。多元热流体吞吐主要通过注入蒸汽和烟道气体(CO 2和N 2),然后关井焖井,数日后开井排液采油的方式,来达到降低稠油粘度、提高稠油流动性及产能的目的,该方法目前已成为渤海稠油油田主要热采试验方式之一。
热采数值模拟可以研究合理的开发方案,选择最佳的开采参数,稠油热采模拟是海上稠油热采开发方案编制的必要手段。我国2012年才正式将多元热流体吞吐的开采方式应用在稠油开采中,稠油热采数值模拟的实操经验还相对比较欠缺。除了实操经验不足外,本次开采的稠油对象跟以前还存在很大区别。我们以前开采的稠油主要针对的是浅层稠油(开采深度在1000米以内),而且稠油是低温、低压的状态(相态是气态),而渤海的稠油是深层稠油,除了埋深深外,稠油还是高温、高压的状态(相态是液态),因此开采本次的深层稠油的热采数值模拟不能直接借鉴现有的热采数值模拟方式,需要重新调整。
除了上述提到的问题外,现有的数值模拟考虑的因素不多、不够全面,导致模拟精度较低。如目前针对单一组分的增油机理研究成果较 多,但是多元热流体以固定配比混合后,各组分之间的耦合作用以及协同作用仍不清楚;N 2在稠油中的溶解度与温度呈正相关,CO 2在稠油中的溶解度与温度呈负相关关系,因此导致CO 2+N 2混合气体在稠油中的溶解度呈现非单调性,但目前没有研究针对CO 2和N 2的混合气体与稠油作用系数BIP进行调整,分析其混合气体对稠油高压物性的影响;向储层中注入多元热流体时,多元热流体会与储层岩石发生复杂的物理化学反应,孔隙中流体压力会大幅度增加,油藏温度会发生剧烈的变化,岩石颗粒也会随之发生位移,但现有的数值模拟方法没有将这些由于多元热流体的注入引起变化的参数考虑在内。
虽然采用多元热流体吞吐的方式能够极大的提高产能,但是将该方式用于渤海稠油的开采还存在很多有待解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,以解决现有多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法模拟精度较低的问题。
为实现所述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:进行PVT实验,利用测试得到的数据得到新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程;基于新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程求出多元热流体-稠油体系的相图;
步骤二:进行储层伤害评价实验,描述多元热流体对储层渗透率的伤害程度,建立多元热流体储层伤害数学模型;
步骤三:利用步骤一、步骤二得到的新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程和储层伤害数学模型,建立多元热流体数值模拟方法,并进行编程实现,得到了多元热流体数值模拟器;通过数值模拟器得到多个在不同条件下多元热流体热采的施工方案,比较不同的施工方案,得到最优的多元热流体热采施工方案。
本发明的有益效果是:
本方案中的多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,充分考虑了多元热流体的相态特征以及多元热流体对储层性质的影响,修正了现有的多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟模型,能够极大的提高现有多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法的精度。
说明书附图
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是PVT实验采用的装置示意图;
图2是储层伤害评价实验采用的装置示意图;
图3是岩心的原始渗透率和经过多元热流体伤害后的岩心渗透率测试结果图;
图4是渗透率与多元热流体注入PV数关系曲线;
图5是用于优化BIP的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的所述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本实施例公开了一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:进行PVT实验,PVT实验采用的装置如图1所示;利用测试得到的数据得到新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程;基于新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程求出多元热流体-稠油体系的相图。
其中PVT实验的具体操作步骤为:
(1)准备PVT筒,将PVT筒清洗干净并抽真空,将一定量的多元热流体和稠油样品以80℃恒定温度转入PVT腔中;
(2)保持混合物在压力大于200bar的条件下注入PVT筒,且初始状态时为液态单相;
(3)将混合物在80℃的条件下搅拌均匀并保持12h以上;
(4)降低压力,记录在200bar,150bar,100bar,50bar四个压力点的体积,保证每一个体积记录点相态平衡;
(5)绘制PV曲线,拐点为饱和压力;
(6)在150℃和280℃的条件下,重复实验。
其中PR-EOS模型为:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000001
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000002
其中P为压力,T为温度,V为摩尔体积,P c为临界压力,T c为临界温度,R为通用气体常数,T r为对比温度;
Soave函数为,
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000003
如果偏心因子小于0.49,
m=0.37464+1.54226ω-0.26992ω 2
如果偏心因子大于0.49,
m=0.3796+1.485ω-0.1644ω 2+0.01667ω 3
对于混合物,应用范德瓦尔斯混合规则计算参数a和b如下:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000006
其中,k ij是两个分量之间的BIP(二元相互作用参数)。
BIP影响PR-EOS模型的准确性,可采用临界体积法或临界温度法计算BIP,
采用临界体积法计算BIP:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000007
其中k ij是第i个分量和第j个分量之间的BIP(二元相互作用参数),v ci和v cj分别为第i分量和第j分量的临界体积,θ为该临界体积法的指数常数。
采用临界温度法计算BIP:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000008
其中k ij是第i个分量和第j个分量之间的BIP(二元相互作用参数),T ci和T cj分别为第i分量和第j分量的临界温度,σ为指数常数。
在本实施例中采用临界体积法进行计算。BIP与温度有关,对BIP在不同温度下的指数进行优化,图5显示了用于优化BIP的流程图,其中图5中的绝对平均相对偏差(AARD)计算如下:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000009
其中
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000010
是计算出的多元热流体热在稠油中的溶解度,
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000011
是测量到的多元热流体热在稠油中的溶解度,n是数据点的个数。
步骤二:进行储层伤害评价实验,描述多元热流体对储层渗透率的伤害程度,建立多元热流体储层伤害数学模型。
其中储层伤害评价实验的具体操作步骤为:
(1)选用高温高压岩心驱替装置进行实验,高温高压岩心驱替装置包括蒸汽发生器和恒温箱,该装置的具体结构如图2所示;实验用岩心是新疆某油田实际岩心,岩心经过洗油烘干,测量岩心的基础参数,岩心基础参数表如表1所示:
表1岩心基础参数
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000013
(2)利用岩心饱和地层水作为驱替介质,测试岩心的水测渗透率;
(3)设置多元热流体注入速度是1mL/min;调整蒸汽发生器的温度与方案设计温度相同,调整恒温箱的温度与地层温度相同,当蒸汽发生器温度和恒温箱温度达到设计要求后,注入24PV多元热流体,记录注入多元热流体过程中的压力数值;
(4)当注入方案设计的多元热流体的PV数后,注入岩心饱和地层水,第二次测试岩心饱和地层水的测渗透率;
(5)变化多元热流体的温度,重复上述实验步骤,多元热流体的温度分别是150℃,200℃,250℃和300℃。
利用高温高压岩心驱替装置,按照实验步骤分别测试了不同温度条件下储层伤害后的储层渗透率。岩心的原始渗透率和经过多元热流体伤害后的岩心渗透率测试结果见图3。从图3的实验结果可以看到,多元热流体对渗透率500×10 -3μm 2的岩心和渗透率1200×10 -3μm 2的岩心均会造成伤害,多元热流体温度越高,对储层渗透率的伤害程度越严重。
将储层伤害后的渗透率数值除以原始储层渗透率数值定义为储层渗透率伤害系数(K/K i),统计储层渗透率伤害系数结果与多元热流体注入PV数结果绘制于图4中(散点是实验测试数据,曲线是方程拟合数据)。通过图4可以看出,多元热流体注入岩心2PV后,岩心的渗透迅速下降,多元热流体温度是573K时,渗透率下降为原始渗透率的62%,多元热流体温度时413K时,渗透率下降为原始渗透率的88%;多元热流体注入岩心6PV后,岩心渗透率下降速度明显变缓,表明多元热流体并不会对储层造成持续性的伤害。
通过实验结果可以看到,多元热流体储层渗透率下降系数会受到多元热流体温度和多元热流体注入PV数的影响。为了进一步描述多元热流体对储层渗透率的伤害程度,本实施例建立了多元热流体储层伤害数学模型,见公式A,利用多元非线性回归方法,计算得到了多元热流体 储层伤害数学模型的待定系数,见表2。将公式A的计算结果与实验实际测试结果进行对比(图3),可以发现本实施例建立的多元热流体储层伤害数学模型准确可靠。
K/K i=beta1×PV 5+beta2×PV 4+beta3×PV 3+beta4×PV 2+beta5×PV+beta6×T 3+beta7×T 2+beta8×T+beta9    (A)
表2多元热流体储层伤害数学模型的待定系数
参数 数值 参数 数值 参数 数值
beta1 -7.199799E-07 beta2 5.652760E-05 beta3 -1.709992E-03
beta4 2.478296E-02 beta5 -1.711991E-01 beta6 -7.771773E-08
beta7 5.550085E-05 beta8 -1.430857E-02 beta9 2.29120371
步骤三:利用步骤一、步骤二得到的新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程和储层伤害数学模型,建立多元热流体数值模拟方法,并进行编程实现,得到了多元热流体数值模拟器;通过数值模拟器得到多个在不同条件下多元热流体热采的施工方案,比较不同的施工方案,得到最优的多元热流体热采施工方案。
得到数值模拟器的过程为:
建立多元热流体数值模拟方法,必须要考虑多元热流体的温度变化,相态变化,多元热流体与储层岩石之间的相互作用,多元热流体与储层流体的相互作用。多元热流体渗流规律极其复杂,本实施例在热力采油数值模拟方法的基础上,综合考虑多元热流体的特点,对模型进行了如下的基本假设:
(1)流体中存在油、水、气三相流体;
(2)流体流动符合达西定律;
(3)流体流动过程中没有化学反应;
(4)流体由3相(油相、水相、气相)4组分(轻质油组分、重质油组分、水组分、气组分)组成,组分的相态变化服从相平衡原理;
(5)流体渗流是不等温渗流过程;
(6)热量传递的方式是对流和传热;
数值模拟模型由4大类方程构成,分别是质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程、约束方程和边界条件方程。其中,质量守恒方程的基础是质量守恒原理。对于任意组分,质量守恒原理可以表述为
ΔM=M 1-M 2+M 3    (1)
根据质量守恒原理,水组分的质量守恒方程是:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000014
气组分的质量守恒方程是:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000015
轻质油组分的质量守恒方程是:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000016
重质油组分的质量守恒方程是:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000017
考虑到多元热流体对储层渗透率的伤害,多元热流体数值模拟模型中,绝对渗透率不再是始终不变的,本实施例采用显式的时变渗透率处理方法,根据第t-1时间步的绝对渗透率,PV数和温度,计算第t时间步绝对渗透率,具体计算方法如下:
K(t)=(beta1×PV 5+beta2×PV 4+beta3×PV 3+beta4×PV 2+beta5×PV+beta6×T 3+beta7×T 2+beta8×T+beta9)×K(t-1)    (6)
多元热流体数值模拟过程中,必须要考虑地层温度的变化。由能量守恒定律可知:
ΔQ=Q 1+Q 2+Q 3-Q 4      (7)
根据能量守恒定律,可以得到多元热流体的能量守恒方程:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000018
约束方程主要分为4类,分别是饱和度约束方程,摩尔分数约束方程,相平衡方程,毛管力方程。其中,饱和度约束方程是:
S w+S o+S g=1        (9)
摩尔分数约束方程:
x 1+x 2+x 3=1        (10)
y 1+y 2+y 3=1     (11)
相平衡方程:
K 1(p,T)=y 2/x 1      (12)
K 2(p,T)=y 3/x 2        (13)
y 1=P sat/P g     (14)
毛管力方程:
P w=P o-P cow(S w)    (15)
P g=P o-P cog(S g)    (16)
边界条件方程:
当给定产量和注入量生产时,内边界条件表述为:
q I=const      (17)
当给定井底流动压力生产时,内边界条件表述为:
p wf=const      (18)
初始条件:
P=P i(t=0)     (19)
T=T i(t=0)      (20)
多元热流体热采数值模拟理论的差分离散:
为了离散控制方程,将数值模拟模型划分为N x×N y×N z个均匀网格,设网格(i,j,k)的空间步长为Δx,Δy,Δz,时间步长为Δt。上标n表示t=n·Δt时刻。
流体的导热系数,取值为两个相邻网格的调和平均,即:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000019
网格中流体的速度采用下式表示
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000022
上式中,绝对渗透率与粘度之比等于两个相邻网格的调和平均,即:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000025
相对渗透率取流体源流动方向上网格的值,即:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000028
综上所述,可以对控制方程进行差分离散。水组分的质量守恒方程的离散形式为:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000029
溶解气组分的质量守恒方程的离散形式为:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000030
轻质油组分的质量守恒方程的差分离散形式为:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000031
重质油组分的质量守恒方程的离散形式为:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000032
能量守恒方程的离散形式为:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000033
具体求解过程:
每个网格节点包含4个离散控制方程,每个离散控制方程具有强非线性,为了提高计算稳定性和加快收敛速度,本实施例采用Newton-Raphson迭代法对非线性方程进行线性化求解。4个组分的离散方程可以写为:
F(X)=0
式中,向量F代表4个组分的离散方程,向量X代表待求的变量。利用Newton-Raphson迭代方法,对第m个方程Fm进行泰勒展开,可以得到:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000034
上式可以表示为:
F m(X+δX)=F m(X)+J·δX+o(δX 2)
其中J是雅可比行列式,可以采用下式计算:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000035
令F m(X+δX)=0,并且忽略o(δX 2),则可以得到:
J·δX=-F
行列式J是一个大型的稀疏矩阵,本实施例采用共轭梯度法进行求解。在求解得到了δX后,判断是否收敛,若不收敛,则把δX作为上一个迭代初值的增量,得到下一个新迭代步的数值。
X new=X old+δX
不断的重复迭代,直到满足下列收敛条件:
Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-000036
通过以上步骤,可以得到离散方程组。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    步骤一:进行PVT实验,利用测试得到的数据得到新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程;基于新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程求出多元热流体-稠油体系的相图;
    步骤二:进行储层伤害评价实验,描述多元热流体对储层渗透率的伤害程度,建立多元热流体储层伤害数学模型;
    步骤三:利用步骤一、步骤二得到的新型多元热流体PR-EOS状态方程和储层伤害数学模型,建立多元热流体数值模拟方法,并进行编程实现,得到了多元热流体数值模拟器;通过数值模拟器得到多个在不同条件下多元热流体热采的施工方案,比较不同的施工方案,得到最优的多元热流体热采施工方案。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,PVT实验的具体操作步骤为:
    (1)准备PVT筒,将PVT筒清洗干净并抽真空,将一定量的多元热流体和稠油样品以80℃恒定温度转入PVT腔中;
    (2)保持混合物在压力大于200bar的条件下注入PVT筒,且初始状态时为液态单相;
    (3)将混合物在80℃的条件下搅拌均匀并保持12h以上;
    (4)降低压力,记录在200bar,150bar,100bar,50bar四个压力点的体积,保证每一个体积记录点相态平衡;
    (5)绘制PV曲线,拐点为饱和压力;
    (6)在150℃和280℃的条件下,重复实验。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,步骤一中PR-EOS模型为:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100001
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100002
    其中P为压力,T为温度,V为摩尔体积,P c为临界压力,T c为临界温度,R为通用气体常数,T r为对比温度;
    Soave函数为,
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100003
    如果偏心因子小于0.49,
    m=0.37464+1.54226ω-0.26992ω 2
    如果偏心因子大于0.49,
    m=0.3796+1.485ω-0.1644ω 2+0.01667ω 3
    对于混合物,应用范德瓦尔斯混合规则计算参数a和b如下:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100006
    其中,k ij是两个分量之间的BIP。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,BIP影响PR-EOS模型的准确性,采用临界体积法计算BIP:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100007
    其中k ij是第i个分量和第j个分量之间的BIP,v ci和v cj分别为第i分量和第j分量的临界体积,θ为该临界体积法的指数常数。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,BIP影响PR-EOS模型的准确性,采用临界温度法计算BIP:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100008
    其中k ij是第i个分量和第j个分量之间的BIP,T ci和T cj分别为第i分量和第j分量的临界温度,σ为指数常数。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,储层伤害评价实验的具体操作步骤为:
    (1)选用高温高压岩心驱替装置进行实验,高温高压岩心驱替装置包括蒸汽发生器和恒温箱;
    (2)利用地层水作为驱替介质,测试岩心的水测渗透率;
    (3)设置多元热流体注入速度是1mL/min;调整蒸汽发生器的温度与方案设计温度相同,调整恒温箱的温度与地层温度相同,当蒸汽发生器温度和恒温箱温度达到设计要求后,注入24PV多元热流体,记录注入多元热流体过程中的压力数值;
    (4)当注入方案设计的多元热流体的PV数后,注入地层水,第二次测试岩心的水测渗透率;
    (5)变化多元热流体的温度,重复上述实验步骤,多元热流体的温度分别是150℃,200℃,250℃和300℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,建立的多元热流体储层伤害数学模型为:
    K/K i=beta1×PV 5+beta2×PV 4+beta3×PV 3+beta4×PV 2+beta5×PV
    +beta6×T 3+beta7×T 2+beta8×T+beta9。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多元热流体热采油藏数值模拟方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,得到数值模拟器的过程为:
    数值模拟模型由4大类方程构成,分别是质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程、约束方程和边界条件方程;其中,质量守恒方程的基础是质量守恒原理,对于任意组分,质量守恒原理表述为:
    ΔM=M 1-M 2+M 3
    根据质量守恒原理,水组分的质量守恒方程是:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100009
    气组分的质量守恒方程是:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100010
    轻质油组分的质量守恒方程是:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100011
    重质油组分的质量守恒方程是:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100012
    采用显式的时变渗透率处理方法,根据第t-1时间步的绝对渗透率,PV数和温度,计算第t时间步绝对渗透率,具体计算方法如下:
    K(t)=(beta1×PV 5+beta2×PV 4+beta3×PV 3+beta4×PV 2+beta5×PV
    +beta6×T 3+beta7×T 2+beta8×T+beta9)×K(t-1)
    考虑地层温度的变化,由能量守恒定律可知:
    ΔQ=Q 1+Q 2+Q 3-Q 4
    根据能量守恒定律,得到多元热流体的能量守恒方程:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100013
    约束方程主要分为4类,分别是饱和度约束方程,摩尔分数约束方程,相平衡方程,毛管力方程;其中,饱和度约束方程是:
    S w+S o+S g=1
    摩尔分数约束方程:
    x 1+x 2+x 3=1
    y 1+y 2+y 3=1
    相平衡方程:
    K 1(p,T)=y 2/x 1
    K 2(p,T)=y 3/x 2
    y 1=P sat/P g
    毛管力方程:
    P w=P o-P cow(S w)
    P g=P o-P cog(S g)
    边界条件方程:
    当给定产量和注入量生产时,内边界条件表述为:
    q I=const
    当给定井底流动压力生产时,内边界条件表述为:
    p wf=const
    初始条件:
    P=P i(t=0)
    T=T i(t=0)
    多元热流体热采数值模拟理论的差分离散:
    为了离散控制方程,将数值模拟模型划分为N x×N y×N z个均匀网格,设网格(i,j,k)的空间步长为Δx,Δy,Δz,时间步长为Δt,上标n表示t=n·Δt时刻,
    流体的导热系数,取值为两个相邻网格的调和平均,即:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100014
    网格中流体的速度采用下式表示:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100017
    上式中,绝对渗透率与粘度之比等于两个相邻网格的调和平均,即:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100020
    相对渗透率取流体源流动方向上网格的值,即:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100021
    综上,对控制方程进行差分离散,水组分的质量守恒方程的离散形式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100022
    溶解气组分的质量守恒方程的离散形式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100023
    轻质油组分的质量守恒方程的差分离散形式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100024
    重质油组分的质量守恒方程的离散形式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100025
    能量守恒方程的离散形式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100026
    具体求解过程:
    采用Newton-Raphson迭代法对非线性方程进行线性化求解,4个组分的离散方程写为:
    F(X)=0
    式中,向量F代表4个组分的离散方程,向量X代表待求的变量;利用Newton-Raphson迭代方法,对第m个方程Fm进行泰勒展开,得到:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100027
    上式表示为:
    F m(X+δX)=F m(X)+J·δX+o(δX 2)
    其中J是雅可比行列式,采用下式计算
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100028
    令F m(X+δX)=0,并且忽略o(δX 2),则得到:
    J·δX=-F
    采用共轭梯度法进行求解,在求解得到了δX后,判断是否收敛,若不收敛,则把δX作为上一个迭代初值的增量,得到下一个新迭代步的数值,
    X new=X old+δX
    不断的重复迭代,直到满足下列收敛条件:
    Figure PCTCN2021080333-appb-100029
    通过以上步骤,求得离散方程组的解。
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