WO2021170909A1 - Batterie imprimée revêtue et procédé de fabrication associé - Google Patents

Batterie imprimée revêtue et procédé de fabrication associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021170909A1
WO2021170909A1 PCT/FI2021/050131 FI2021050131W WO2021170909A1 WO 2021170909 A1 WO2021170909 A1 WO 2021170909A1 FI 2021050131 W FI2021050131 W FI 2021050131W WO 2021170909 A1 WO2021170909 A1 WO 2021170909A1
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Prior art keywords
cell
electrochemical cell
layer
onto
electrolyte
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PCT/FI2021/050131
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English (en)
Inventor
Timo Tarvainen
Timo Peltoniemi
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Elcoflex Oy
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Publication of WO2021170909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021170909A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/491—Porosity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/32—Silver accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
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    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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    • H01M4/0407—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on an electrolyte layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/0414—Methods of deposition of the material by screen printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/044—Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
    • H01M4/0442—Anodisation, Oxidation
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    • H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
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    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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    • H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
    • H01M4/0452—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation from solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
    • H01M4/08—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/12—Processes of manufacture of consumable metal or alloy electrodes
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/242—Hydrogen storage electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/28—Precipitating active material on the carrier
    • H01M4/29—Precipitating active material on the carrier by electrochemical methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
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    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/045—Cells with aqueous electrolyte characterised by aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to printable electrical structures and especially to printable structures storing electricity, i.e. printable accumulators, or batteries, which also possibly have elastic characteristics.
  • a printed battery consists generally of an anode paste and cathode paste and an electrolyte transporting ions between electrodes.
  • the structure can include current collectors, unless the electrode itself functions as current collec- tor, due to its good conductivity.
  • current collectors In commercial batteries there usually is either a metal or plastic case, which binds the materials into a package and makes the struc ture hermetic.
  • the printed structure can be coplanar or so-called stack.
  • a coplanar one is better, but it uses a larger area than a stack.
  • Better ca- pacity and smaller internal resistance are achieved with the stack structure, but thick anode and cathode layers complicate the manufacture.
  • the biggest structural prob lem is both internal adhesion and adhesion between layers (i.e. adhesiveness) on the one hand and breakage of layers on the other.
  • the objective is to obtain a thin and flexible structure, the capacity of which is as big as possible. Because of the issues mentioned above, the capacity of printed structures is generally a fraction of the theoretical, i.e. calculated capacity.
  • Binding agents are generally used in printable pastes, which hold the paste together, but which simultaneously weaken the capacity.
  • a typical anode paste contains 50 - 85% of zinc particles, which are bound together, for example, with CMC (i.e. car- boxy-methyl cellulose). Because it is not possible to bind the structure by external means in a printed battery, the binding agent must be sufficiently good also for the printing of the next layers, i.e. the electrolyte and cathode paste.
  • the use of a gel- type electrolyte increases manufacturing-technical problems especially in a stack structure.
  • a solid electrolyte is a mechanically more durable solution, but its problem is poor ion conductivity, which increases internal resistance and limits the capacity.
  • Chen 1 describes a stack-type circuit board structure, in which the claims 7 - 12 deal with a secondary battery.
  • the structure comprises both electrodes as substrate & metal film type structures. Between the electrode layers there is a circuit board layer as a laminated layer.
  • the double electrode structure and electrolyte are inside a protective coating.
  • the substrate can be traditional PCB material, but it can also be flexible, Tollable material. Copper and aluminium are used as anode/cathode metals.
  • the circuit board layer can be a so-called FPC circuit, i.e. flexible circuit board.
  • FPC circuit i.e. flexible circuit board.
  • the present invention introduces a printed battery, i.e. an electro chemical cell.
  • a characteristic feature of the cell is that at least one of the cell elec trodes has been produced by coating onto a metal conducting layer, in which the cell is manufactured on a flexible base.
  • the cell structure is coplanar.
  • the cell structure is layered.
  • the electrolyte has been printed or dispensed onto a porous separator layer prepared onto a coated layer.
  • the cell is protected with a metallized film or PET plastic film so that the film is attached to the lowermost conductive layer with glue.
  • the metallized film is aluminium.
  • said lowermost layer is copper.
  • the electrolytically manufactured coating is zinc.
  • a brass layer is formed onto the conductive layer before coating it electrolytically with metal.
  • one of the cell electrodes is formed of a spread- able slurry material.
  • the electrolyte is made by printing or dispensing, and the electrolyte is either a solid electrolyte or an aqueous solution of a desired substance.
  • the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of potas sium hydroxide, KOH.
  • a dielectric protective layer is placed onto the printed electrode in the coplanar structure or, in the layered structure, onto the cur rent collector of the cathode.
  • the coated electrode is formed so that it functions as a radio frequency radiator.
  • the material of the seed layer of the cell is RA (Rolled Annealed) copper.
  • At least one of the cell electrodes is a mixture, combination or laminated structure of the electrolytically prepared coating of the first metal and of the slurry oxide of the first metal, made by printing, and the layer is arranged to be charged essentially to full capacity during the manufacture.
  • the current collector of the cathode can be made of silver or carbon, or a superimposed silver layer and carbon layer.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example of the invention as a sectional view of the basic structure without a protective film
  • Figure 2 illustrates an example of the layers of a coplanar printed structure
  • Figure 3 illustrates an example of an alkaline zinc-silver cell (Zn-Ag) on copper (Cu) as a so-called stack structure
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example of a hermetic protection of a printed battery, proucked with a so-called hot-melt process
  • Figures 5A-K illustrate exemplary structures of a printed battery, in which the coated electrode functions as an RF radiator.
  • the present invention discloses a more advantageous solution for a printed battery, i.e. for an accumulator, battery or other energy storage devices made by printing. Cells or battery cells are also discussed later, also referring to the devices men tioned above.
  • the most optimal material for an anode in a battery is pure metal, it is pref erable to make the anode by coating pure metal onto a conductive layer. In one embodiment of the invention, this is also done.
  • the coating can be made with an evaporation method selected from several different evaporation methods, such as, for example, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) or, alternatively, by sputtering, but elec trolytic coating is a more cost-efficient and generally used method in the industry. It can also be executed as a roll process in the normal atmosphere and with it the metal layer required by the anode is easily achieved onto the so-called seed layer (so-called starting layer) by adding a necessary number of so-called tanks into the process.
  • ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
  • elec trolytic coating is a more cost-efficient and generally used method in the industry. It can also be executed as a roll process in the normal atmosphere and with it the metal layer required by the anode is easily achieved onto the so-called seed
  • the most preferable seed layer material is copper in the case when copper is also used for other parts, such as the manufacture of the current circuit and an tenna.
  • the seed layer can also be a graphite or other conductive polymer paste or conductive plastic, provided that the material conductivity is sufficient to start the electrolysis.
  • the seed layer can also be made by evaporating or sputtering.
  • a porous separator film i.e. a separator or separator layer
  • a porous separator film is added onto the coated anode either by laminating or printing, the purpose being to bind the electrolyte and prevent the formation of dendrites growing from the metal.
  • cathode paste is further printed onto the separator film.
  • the use of a coated anode is also possible in the coplanar structure and, in this case, the cathode is printed to the side of the anode and the electrolyte is printed onto both of these.
  • FIG 1 there is illustrated one possible structure of a zinc manganese (Zn-Mn) battery 10 as coplanar.
  • a current collector 11 made in this example of silver and carbon.
  • This current col lector can thus be formed so that lowermost there is a silver layer (Ag) onto which there is placed a current collector layer (C) formed of carbon.
  • a positive battery pole is coupled to the current collector 11 with a first copper con ductor 17.
  • a cathode paste 12 which does thus not extend over the width of the entire structure; neither does the current collector 11.
  • the structure is coplanar, next to the parts 11 and 12, approximately on the same plane seen from the cathode paste there is a separately placed zinc plate 14, which functions as the anode.
  • a copper current collector 19 Below the Zn anode 14 there is a copper current collector 19.
  • the Cu current collec tor 19 is like a substrate, and the anode 14 is formed of a coating prepared onto the substrate, which coating can be zinc. This way, the Zn anode 14 is formed onto the Cu current collector 19, in which the anode 14, however, is not in contact with the parts 11 or 12.
  • a second copper conductor 18 functions as the connecting conductor to the negative battery pole 16 of the current collector 19.
  • a planar electrolyte layer 13 of the width of the entire structure is placed onto the cathode paste 12 and zinc anode 14.
  • the electrolyte layer 13 is in contact with both the cathode 12 and anode 14. Because the structure is coplanar, its thickness can be kept relatively thin.
  • FIG 2 there is illustrated a coplanar exemplary structure 20 of the invention (i.e. a cell) with itemized layers and seen directly from the side as cross-sectional view.
  • Layers of silver 21 and carbon 22 form the current collector of the cathode (left in Figure 2), the silver layer being the lower one.
  • a cathode paste 23 can be placed onto the carbon layer 22.
  • the respective anode side (right in the Figure) is formed by a copper current collector 26, on which there is a zinc layer as the coating, Zn thus forming an anode 27.
  • the upper edge of the cathode paste can be at the same height as the upper edge of the zinc anode, but this is not necessary (as in the Figure).
  • An electrolyte 24 can be printed onto both these parts 23, 27, different ex amples of the electrolyte material being described later.
  • a dielectric protec tive layer 25 is placed onto the printed electrolyte 24.
  • An alternative of the invention is to add the electrolyte 24 by dispensing instead of printing.
  • a copper conductor also as the current collector.
  • copper is chosen as the material for the current collector.
  • copper may react with the electrolyte and shorten the operating life (an al kaline battery is based on the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide, MnCte).
  • MnCte manganese dioxide
  • zinc it is possible to form a brass layer (brass being a mixture of copper and zinc with a desired mixing ratio) between the copper and zinc, which prevents the corrosion of copper.
  • the coating of zinc must be done in two parts, between which zinc is converted into brass by means of a high tempera ture or other high power energy, such as photonic sintering, plasma or corona treat ment, in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG 3 there is illustrated an example of an alkaline Zn-Ag cell structure on copper as a so-called stack structure.
  • the structure thus describes a cell 30, seen directly from the side as cross-sectional view.
  • a current collector 31a associated with the anode is lowermost on the left, and this functions as the negative electrode for the battery.
  • a brass layer 32a is placed on this.
  • a dense layer of zinc can be coated onto the brass 32a using a desired method, i.e. a coated zinc layer 33 is generated, functioning as the anode.
  • a separator film 34 is prepared around the current collector (-) 31 a, brass layer 32a and zinc layer 33; the task of the separator film is to separate the anode 33 and cathode 36 but, nevertheless, make possible the travel of the charge carrier through it.
  • the separator film 34 is porous and impregnated with the electrolyte, i.e. potassium hydroxide (KOH).
  • KOH potassium hydroxide
  • the actual electrolyte in this example, the potassium hydroxide
  • the electrolyte is seen in the areas 35a and 35b, i.e. the electrolyte spreads from these areas to impregnate the area of the separator film 34 under and on the sides of it.
  • a cathode paste 36 is arranged onto and to the sides of the separator film 34 (electrolyte areas 35a-b included).
  • the current collector 37 is again provided onto and to the sides of the cathode paste 36.
  • the current collector 37 is silver (Ag).
  • the alkaline electrolyte 35a-b thus makes possible the alkaline Zn-Ag cell, i.e. bat tery of Figure 3.
  • FIG. 4 thus illustrates an electrochemical cell 40 directly from above.
  • a lower copper layer 41 as the hermetic protection and by adding, for example, a plastic or aluminium film 42 as the uppermost protective layer of the battery, the battery can be made hermetically protected.
  • Plastic can be PET plastic.
  • the protection can be pressed to the base with hot-melt adhesive 43 or similar material in accordance with Figure 4 (spotted areas).
  • Flot-melt areas 43 i.e. hot-melt type material areas
  • the part 44 is a positive electrode “+” (for example, carbon; slashed area), and the copper area separating from the actual copper layer 41 can simultaneously function as a negative electrode
  • the anode contains metal and the cathode metal oxide.
  • the cathode In a primary cell, it is possible to manufacture the cathode also by coating pure metal, which is oxidized in the charging process.
  • the anode In this case, the anode must be conduc tive metal oxide; for example, ZnO + Zn or ZnO + carbon (Sup-P).
  • the charging process can be executed before the final manufacture as a so-called bulk, or it can be made to a finished cell.
  • a chargeable cell is achieved in one example of the invention.
  • cathode restricted Because cathode materials are generally semi-conductive metal oxides, their conductivity is poorer than that of metallic anodes. Conductive carbon must be added to the cathode paste, and often also an electrolyte to improve the movability of ions in the cathode.
  • the printed cathode must also contain a bind ing agent to attach the paste to the current collector (coplanar structure) or separator (stack structure), and the adhesiveness of the binding agent to the above-mentioned surfaces is essential for the operation of the battery. Especially in a stack structure, better mechanical strength is achieved with a coated anode compared to a structure, in which both electrodes are pastes. If in the structure, fastening points according to Figure 4 are made to the separator, a protective film can be attached to the areas in question in the separator in a hot-melt type process, which makes the structure more durable in this embodiment of the invention. With this method, the electrolyte and cathode paste can be better bound to the base, but simultaneously an effective area of the size of the fastening areas is lost. The same method also functions in a coplanar structure.
  • the electrode material can also be a mixture of an electrolytically coated material and printed material.
  • printed anode paste can still be coated with zinc or silver oxide cathode can be coated with silver.
  • the result can be a cell, in which both electrodes are half charged. In this case, the cell is charged full before the implementation either in a separate roll process or as a finished cell.
  • the cathode can also be a mixture of silver oxide and silver particles, and the anode can be coated zinc and ZnO paste.
  • the internal conductivity of both electrodes is good, which has a positive impact on the performance of the battery. To operate ideally, the metal/oxide pro portion of both electrodes must be in balance.
  • the coated electrode of the battery is shaped so that it functions as a radio frequency radiator.
  • the battery By forming the battery with the terms of the radiator (i.e. emitter), a good utilization rate is achieved for the material.
  • the shape of the electrodes does not affect the capacity of the battery, only the area is of significance, and the battery can be formed in accordance with the examples in Figures 5A-K.
  • the presented structures and measures are only some possible examples. Because high frequencies travel only on the surface of the conductor (so- called skin effect), the conductivity of coated metal is considerably bigger compared to that of a poorly conductive cathode material.
  • the so-called seed layer of the coated area is copper
  • a layer of only a few micrometres of copper is needed so that the coated metal, such as e.g. Zn no longer affects the radiation power, because the conductivity of zinc is approximately 3.5 times poorer than that of copper.
  • the seed layer is more poorly conductive, a zinc layer of 4 - 5 pm is needed in UFIF frequencies.
  • the other electrical characteristics of the cathode mate rial affect the planning of the radiator, and they cannot be ignored. For example, the attenuation characteristics of manganese oxide increase with frequencies of over 1 GFIz.
  • Battery-assisted UFIF tags in the market are based on a separate radiator and separate battery, which causes extra costs, impedes the scaling of production vol umes and increases costs.
  • possible changes in the cathode possibly caused by battery discharge must be taken into account, which can cause attenua tion of radiation power and, in addition, the impact of the battery terminals on the operation of the radiator itself must also be taken into consideration.
  • RA copper Rolled Annealed copper
  • the antenna power is best on the back side of the tag and the coarse material surface generated in the coating does not cause extra losses.
  • RA copper is thus selected as the ma terial for the seed layer.
  • the tag adhesive is laminated onto the battery material and the tag is installed sort of upside down. When the adhesive layer is sufficiently thick, the tag in question can be installed onto the metal surface.
  • a coated anode such as e.g. zinc and slurry cathode
  • advantages are achieved.
  • the area of the anode can be reduced, and the area of the cathode can be increased by a respective amount.
  • the structure can be made thinner, which improves mechanical strength.
  • the structure is more flexible.
  • better adhe sion i.e. adhesiveness
  • the most important additional advantages are the making possible of the roll-to-roll process, R2R, a thin structure, high capacity per area, low internal resistance, and flexibility of the structure without a risk of breakage.
  • the adhesion of the coated anode is better than that of a printed one, which increases structural strength and makes possible a structure which is almost 50% thinner than the printed anode. If high temperatures are needed in the processing, other layers can be manufactured to the coated anode in higher temperatures provided that the sub strate endures this.
  • polyimide/copper laminate almost 300 degrees can be reached, in which case it is possible to manufacture, for example, transistors, screens and other active components in connection with the battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention présente une batterie imprimée (10, 20, 30, 40). Dans la batterie, au moins une électrode est fabriquée par un revêtement électrolytique (14, 27, 33). Une seconde électrode peut être fabriquée par l'impression d'un matériau du type bouillie (12, 23, 36). Le matériau de revêtement (14, 27, 33) peut être du zinc dans l'anode, et du côté cathode, le collecteur de courant peut être constitué de carbone (22) et/ou d'argent (21). Un procédé de fusion à chaud peut être utilisé pour fixer un film de plastique ou d'aluminium (42) sur la structure en tant que protection hermétique. Le principe de l'invention peut également être utilisé pour la fabrication d'une étiquette UHF, dans laquelle l'électrode revêtue fonctionne comme un radiateur RF.
PCT/FI2021/050131 2020-02-25 2021-02-23 Batterie imprimée revêtue et procédé de fabrication associé WO2021170909A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FI20205192 2020-02-25
FI20205192A FI130542B (fi) 2020-02-25 2020-02-25 Pinnoitettu, painettu patteri ja sen valmistusmenetelmä

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114843430A (zh) * 2022-05-06 2022-08-02 深圳新源柔性科技有限公司 共面分形电芯、模组及制作方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004049476A1 (fr) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-10 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. Collecteur d'electrode negative pour accumulateur a electrolyte non aqueux et procede de fabrication de ce collecteur
US20050260492A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-11-24 Tucholski Gary R Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same
EP2988357A2 (fr) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-24 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc. Cathode sous forme de granules pour une utilisation dans une batterie biocompatible

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004049476A1 (fr) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-10 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. Collecteur d'electrode negative pour accumulateur a electrolyte non aqueux et procede de fabrication de ce collecteur
US20050260492A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-11-24 Tucholski Gary R Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same
EP2988357A2 (fr) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-24 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc. Cathode sous forme de granules pour une utilisation dans une batterie biocompatible

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114843430A (zh) * 2022-05-06 2022-08-02 深圳新源柔性科技有限公司 共面分形电芯、模组及制作方法

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