WO2021170691A2

WO2021170691A2 - Concept for increasing the probability of coming through for a subscriber with poor reception conditions or high qos requirements in communication systems with high subscriber densities

Info

Publication number: WO2021170691A2
Application number: PCT/EP2021/054625
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Kauppert; Hristo PETKOV; Raphael MZYK; Klaus Gottschalk; Frank Obernosterer; Raimund Meyer; Gerd Kilian; Josef Bernhard; Jakob KNEISSL; Johannes WECHSLER; Dominik Soller; Michael Schlicht
Original assignee: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.; Diehl Metering Gmbh
Priority date: 2020-02-28
Filing date: 2021-02-25
Publication date: 2021-09-02
Also published as: DE102020202606A1; EP4111771A2; WO2021170691A3; US20220417953A1

Abstract

Embodiments relate to a subscriber of a communication system, wherein the subscriber is configured to transmit data to a base station of the communication system. On the basis of a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, the subscriber is configured to transmit the data in a first frequency range or in a second frequency range, said first frequency range and second frequency range differing, and/or to transmit the data in a first time interval or in a second time interval, said first time interval and second time interval differing.

Description

Concept to increase the probability of getting through for subscribers with poor reception conditions or high QoS requirements in the communication system part with high subscriber density

description

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a subscriber in a communication system. Further exemplary embodiments relate to a base station of a communication system. Some exemplary embodiments relate to a concept for increasing the probability of getting through for subscribers with poor reception conditions or high QoS requirements in communication systems with a high subscriber density.

With a correspondingly high subscriber density, wireless communication systems are interference-limited, i.e. the network capacity is limited by co-channel interference (intrinsic interference), which arise when users interfere with each other when they transmit on the same frequency at the same time. The useful-to-interference power ratio, CIR (carrier-to-interference ratio), is used as a measure of quality. The larger the CIR, the better the quality of the voice or data connection. Capacity-increasing measures based on the improvement of the useful-to-interference power ratio CIR in the network are described in many ways in the literature [7, 9].

CIR improvements are possible, among other things, through: an increase in the received useful power C, a reduction in the interference power I, an averaging of the useful and interference power, so that the probability of very high or very low CIR values decreases.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a concept which increases the probability of getting through for subscribers with poor reception conditions or high QoS requirements in communication systems with a high subscriber density.

This problem is solved by the independent patent claims. Advantageous further developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Embodiments create a subscriber of a [eg uncoordinated] wireless communication system _» wherein the communication system has a large number of mutually uncoordinated subscribers, [eg the communication system communicates in a frequency band [eg ISM band] _» which is used by a large number of mutually uncoordinated communication systems for communication _» ] Where the participant is configured _» to send data to a base station of the communication system _» where the participant is configured _» to _» depending on a [eg estimated or determined] quality criterion [eg minimum reception level, RXLEV _» and / or bit- or block _{error rates »} RXQUAL] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station _» to transmit the data in a first frequency range [eg the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [eg the frequency band] _» where the first frequency range and the two te frequency range are different _» and / or to be transmitted in a first time interval or in a ^' _{second time interval»} wherein the first time interval and the second time interval are different.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber is configured _» to transmit the data in the first frequency range and / or in the first time interval _» if the quality criterion lies in a first quality criterion range or is greater than or equal to a quality criterion threshold _» where the subscriber is configured _» um to transmit the data in the second frequency range and / or in the second time interval _"when the quality criterion is a quality criterion area in a second or smaller than the quality criterion threshold.

In exemplary embodiments, the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber and the base station comprises at least one transmission of a beacon or a transmission of data from the base station to the subscriber _" where the subscriber is configured _" around the quality criterion of the at least one transmission of the beacon or to determine or estimate the at least one transmission of data from the base station to the subscriber.

In exemplary embodiments, the at least one preceding transmission comprises at least one preceding transmission of data from the subscriber to the base station _» where the subscriber is configured _{» to} receive a ^' transmission of data from the base station _» , the transmission of data from the base station being information about the Quality criterion which has at least one previous transmission of data from the subscriber to the base station.

In exemplary embodiments, the quality criterion is at least one of a minimum reception level, a bit error rate, a block error rate, a packet error rate, a signal-to-noise ratio,. a signal-to-interference ratio, a ratio between detected transmissions of data and undetected transmissions of data by the subscriber.

In embodiments, the subscriber is configured to provide the data for the transmission in the first frequency range and / or time interval with a first code rate, wherein the subscriber is configured to provide the data for the transmission in the second frequency range and / or time interval with a to provide the second code rate, the first code rate being greater than the second code rate.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber is configured to transmit the data in the first frequency range and / or first time interval according to a first hopping pattern [e.g. from a first hopping pattern group], the subscriber being configured to transmit the data in the second frequency range and / or second time interval according to a second hopping pattern [e.g. from a second jump pattern group], the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern being different.

In embodiments, the first hopping pattern is one of a first group of hopping patterns that is assigned to the first frequency range and / or time interval, the second hopping pattern being one of a second group of hopping patterns that is assigned to the second frequency range and / or time interval, where the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

In embodiments, the subscriber is also configured to, depending on a required or newly emerging quality of service [e.g. (low) blocking rate, (guaranteed) latency, (guaranteed) response time, reduction of the blocking probability, or priority change, e.g. due to alarm or emergency shutdown] the data to be transmitted, the data to transmit in the first frequency range [eg the frequency band] or in the second frequency range [eg the frequency band], and / or to transmit in the first time interval or in the second time interval.

Further embodiments provide a base station of a [e.g. uncoordinated] wireless communication system, the communication system having a plurality of mutually uncoordinated subscribers, [e.g. wherein the communication system operates in a frequency band [e.g. [E.g. estimated or determined] quality criterion [e.g. Minimum reception level, RXLEV, and / or bit or block error rates, RXQUAL,] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station in a first frequency range [e.g. of the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [e.g. of the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or being transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

In exemplary embodiments, the data is transmitted in the first frequency range and / or in the first time interval, if the quality criterion lies in a first quality criterion range or is greater than or equal to a quality criterion threshold, the data in the second frequency range and / or in the second time in / all are transmitted if the quality criterion is in a second quality criterion range or is less than the quality criterion threshold.

In embodiments, the at least one previous transmission comprises at least one previous transmission of data from the subscriber to the base station, the base station being configured to determine the quality criterion based on the at least one previous transmission of data from the subscriber to the base station, the The base station is configured to send data to the subscriber which includes information about the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission of data from the subscriber to the base station.

In exemplary embodiments, the quality criterion is at least one of a minimum reception level, a bit error rate, a block error rate, a packet error rate, a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference ratio, a ratio between detected transmissions of data and undetected transmissions of data by the subscriber.

In exemplary embodiments, the data transmitted in the first frequency range and / or first time interval are provided with a first code rate, the data transmitted in the second frequency range and / or second time interval being provided with a second code rate, the first code rate being greater than the second Code rate.

In exemplary embodiments, the data in the first frequency range and / or first time interval are processed according to a first hopping pattern [e.g. from a first hopping pattern group], the data being transmitted in the second frequency range and / or second time interval corresponding to a second hopping pattern [e.g. from a second jump pattern group], the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern being different.

In embodiments, the first hopping pattern is one of a first group of hopping patterns that is assigned to the first frequency range and / or time interval, the second hopping pattern being one of a second group of hopping patterns that is assigned to the second frequency range and / or time interval , wherein the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

In exemplary embodiments, the data is processed as a function of a required or newly emerging quality of service [e.g. (low) blocking rate, (guaranteed) latency, (guaranteed) reaction time, reduction of the blocking probability, or priority change, e.g. due to alarm or emergency shutdown] of the data to be transmitted in the first frequency range [e.g. of the frequency band] or in the second frequency range [e.g. of the frequency band] and / or transmitted in the first time interval or in the second time interval.

Further exemplary embodiments create a method for sending data in a wireless communication system [eg uncoordinated], the communication system having a large number of subscribers who are uncoordinated with one another. The procedure includes a step of sending data from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system, the data depending on a [e.g. estimated or determined] quality criterion [e.g. minimum reception level, RXLEV, and / or bit or block error rates, RXQUAL,] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station in a first frequency range [e.g. the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [e.g. the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or in a first time interval or transmitted in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

Further exemplary embodiments create a method for receiving data in a wireless communication system [eg uncoordinated], the communication system having a multiplicity of subscribers who are uncoordinated with one another. The method includes a step of receiving from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system the transmitted data, wherein the data in response to a [eg estimated or determined] quality criterion [for example, the minimum reception level RXLEV, and / or bit or ^{'Biockfehterraten} , RXQUAL,] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station in a first frequency range [eg the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [eg the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or be transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

Further exemplary embodiments create a subscriber of a wireless communication system [e.g. uncoordinated], the communication system having a plurality of uncoordinated subscribers, [e.g. the communication system communicating in a frequency band [e.g. ISM band] that is used by a plurality of uncoordinated communication systems for communication is configured,] wherein the subscriber is configured to send data to a base station of the communication system, wherein the subscriber is configured, depending on a required quality of service [QoS, Quality of Service] [e.g. (low) blocking rate, or (guaranteed) Latency, or (guaranteed) response time] of the data to be transmitted, the data to transmit in a first frequency range [e.g. the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [e.g. the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or to be transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval are different.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber is configured to transmit the data in the first frequency range and / or in the first time interval if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range or is less than or equal to a quality of service threshold, the subscriber being configured in order to transmit the data in the second frequency range and / or in the second time interval if the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range or is greater than the quality of service threshold.

In embodiments, the subscriber is configured to, if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range or less than or equal to a quality of service threshold, individual transmissions of data from a series of transmissions of data in the second frequency range and / or in the second Transfer time interval.

In exemplary embodiments, the required quality of service is at least one of a required latency time, a required response time, and a required maximum blocking rate.

In embodiments, the subscriber is configured to provide the data for the transmission in the first frequency range and / or time interval with a first code rate, wherein the subscriber is configured to provide the data for the transmission in the second frequency range and / or time interval with a to provide the second code rate, the first code rate being smaller than the second code rate.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber is configured to transmit the data in the first frequency range and / or first time interval according to a first hop pattern [eg from a first hop pattern group], the subscriber being configured to transmit the data in the second frequency range and / or second To transmit time interval corresponding to a second jump pattern [eg from a second jump pattern group], the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern being different. In embodiments, the first hopping pattern is one of a first group of hopping patterns that is assigned to the first frequency range and / or time interval, the second hopping pattern being one of a second group of hopping patterns that is assigned to the second frequency range and / or time interval, where the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

Further embodiments provide a base station of a [e.g. uncoordinated] wireless communication system, the communication system having a plurality of mutually uncoordinated subscribers, [e.g. wherein the communication system operates in a frequency band [e.g. ISM band], which is used by a large number of mutually uncoordinated communication systems for communication,] whereby the base station is configured to receive data from a subscriber of the communication system, the data being dependent on a required quality of service [GoS, Quality of Service] [e.g. (low) blocking rate, or (guaranteed) latency, or (guaranteed) response time] of the data in a first frequency range [e.g. of the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [e.g. of the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or being transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

In exemplary embodiments, the data is transmitted in the first frequency range and / or in the first time interval if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range or is greater than or equal to a quality of service threshold, the data in the second frequency range and / or in the second time interval are transmitted if the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range or is less than the quality of service threshold.

In exemplary embodiments, the data transmitted in the first frequency range and / or first time interval are provided with a first code rate, the data transmitted in the second frequency range and / or second time interval being provided with a second code rate, the first code rate being greater than the second Code rate. In embodiments, the data in the first frequency range and / or first time interval are transmitted according to a first hop pattern [e.g. from a first hop pattern group], the data in the second frequency range and / or second time interval corresponding to a second hop pattern [e.g. from a second hop pattern group] are transmitted, wherein the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern are different.

Further exemplary embodiments create a method for sending data in an [eg uncoordinated] wireless communication system, the communication system having a large number of subscribers who are uncoordinated with one another. The method comprises a step of sending data from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system, the data depending on a required quality of service [QoS, Quality of Service] [e.g. (low) blocking rate, or (guaranteed) latency, or ( guaranteed) response time] of the data in a first frequency range [e.g. the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [e.g. the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or in a first time interval or in a second time interval are transmitted, wherein the first time interval and ^' the second time interval are different.

Further exemplary embodiments create a method for receiving data in a wireless communication system [eg uncoordinated], the communication system having a multiplicity of subscribers who are uncoordinated with one another. The method comprises a step of receiving data sent by a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system, the data depending on a required quality of service [QoS, Quality of Service] [e.g. (low) blocking rate, or (guaranteed) latency, or (guaranteed) response time] of the data are transmitted in a first frequency range [eg the frequency band] or in a second frequency range [eg the frequency band], the first frequency range and the second frequency range being different, and / or be transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

Further embodiments provide a subscriber to a [e.g. uncoordinated or coordinated] wireless communication system, [e.g. wherein the communication system communicates in a frequency band that is used by a plurality of mutually uncoordinated communication systems for communication,] wherein the subscriber is configured to transmit data according to a hopping pattern in the time and / or frequency distributed to a base station of the communication system and / or to be received by the base station of the communication system, the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data from a position of the subscriber in relation to the base station, and / or from a quality criterion [e.g. RSSI (RSSI = Received Signal Strength Indication), PER (PER = Packet Error Rate), BER (BER = Bit Error Rate), SIR (SIR = Signal-to- Interference Ratio, dt. Signal-to-Interference-Ratio), SNR (SNR = Signal-to-Noise Ratio, dt. Signal-to-Noise Ratio)] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, and / or a channel load [e.g. immediately] before the transmission of the data, and / or of a required quality of service [e.g. QoS] of the transmitted data.

In exemplary embodiments, the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on the position of the subscriber in relation to the base station, the subscriber being configured to process the data according to a first hop pattern [e.g. a first group of hopping patterns] when the position of the subscriber falls within a first area of a geographical area covered by the base station, the subscriber being configured to transmit the data according to a second hopping pattern when the position of the subscriber falls in a second area of the geographic area covered by the base station, the first hop pattern and the second hop pattern being different, the first area and the second area being different.

In exemplary embodiments, the first area and the second area differ in terms of respect

Distances to the base station and / or quality criteria [e.g. RSSI, PER, BER, SIR, SNR] For example, the participants can be divided into areas according to positions [e.g. if the respective coordinates of the participants are known, for example through localization] or according to RSSI or according to quality, the areas differing in that they differentiate between closer and more distant participants, or between Subscribers whose signals have higher and lower RSSI (power level), or between subscribers whose transmitted data are of better and poorer quality, with different areas being assigned different jump patterns.

In embodiments, the first jump pattern is one of a first group of jump patterns assigned to the first area, the second jump pattern being one of a second group of jump patterns assigned to the second area, the first group of jump patterns and the second Group of jump patterns are different.

In embodiments, the jump pattern of at least one area of the first area and the second area differs from a jump pattern of an area [e.g. a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area] which adjoins or at least partially overlaps the at least one area and which is covered by an adjacent base station of the communication system [e.g. operated].

In exemplary embodiments, the first jump pattern of the first area differs from a further first jump pattern of a further first area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is covered by an adjacent base station of the communication system, and / or wherein the second jump pattern of the second area differs from a further second hopping pattern of a further second area of the geographical area which is adjacent to the geographical area and which is covered by the neighboring base station of the communication system.

For example, the hopping patterns or hopping pattern groups can be used repeatedly for a neighboring base station, the allocation of the areas to hopping patterns to hopping pattern groups differing for the neighboring base station.

For example, the hopping patterns or the hopping pattern groups for the neighboring base station can be assigned exactly the other way around. In exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first hop pattern of the first area and the second hop pattern of the second area is used for a further area of a geographical area that is adjacent to the geographical area and that is covered by an adjacent base station of the communication system.

For example, certain hopping patterns or hopping pattern groups can be repeated for the neighboring base stations and others are not repeated.

In embodiments, the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber and the base station at least one transmission [e.g. Link transmission, beacon transmission or downlink data transmission] from the base station to the subscriber, the subscriber being configured to determine or estimate the quality of the at least one transmission of the base station.

In embodiments, the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, the at least one preceding transmission being at least one preceding transmission of data from the subscriber to the base station, the subscriber being configured is to receive a transmission of data from the base station, the transmission of data from the base station comprising information about the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission of data by the subscriber.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber is configured to send and / or receive the data in accordance with a first jump pattern if the quality criterion is in a first quality criterion range, the subscriber being configured to send and / or to send the data in accordance with a second jump pattern received when the quality criterion lies in a second quality criterion range, wherein the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern are different, wherein the first quality criterion range and the second quality criterion range are different.

In exemplary embodiments, the first jump pattern is one of a first group of jump patterns which is assigned to the first quality criterion area, the second jump pattern being one of a second group of jump patterns that is the second Quality criterion area is assigned, the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

In embodiments, the quality criterion is at least one of a minimum reception level, a bit error rate, a block error rate, a packet error rate, a signal-to-noise ratio, a signal-to-interference ratio, a ratio between detected transmissions of data and undetected transmissions of Data of the participant.

In exemplary embodiments, the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on a required quality of service of the data, the subscriber being configured to send and / or receive the data in accordance with a first hop pattern if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range, wherein the subscriber is configured to send and / or receive the data in accordance with a second hopping pattern if the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range, the first hopping pattern and the second hopping pattern being different, the first quality of service range and the second quality of service range are different.

In exemplary embodiments, the first jump pattern is one of a first group of jump patterns that is assigned to the first quality of service area, the second jump pattern being one of a second group of jump patterns that is assigned to the second quality of service area, the first group of jump patterns and the second Group of jump patterns are different.

Further exemplary embodiments provide a base station of a wireless communication system [e.g. Communication systems is used for communication,] wherein the base station is configured to send data distributed according to a hopping pattern in time and / or frequency to a subscriber of the communication system and / or to receive it from the subscriber of the communication system, which is for the transmission of the Data used hopping pattern from a position of the subscriber in relation to the base station, and / or a quality criterion [e.g. RSSl (RSSl = Received Signal Strength Indication, dt. An indicator for the signal strength), PER (PER = Packet Error Rate, dt. Packet error rate ), BER (BER = Bit Error Rate), SIR (SIR = Signal-to-Interference Ratio), SNR (SNR = Signal-to-Noise Ratio) Ratio)] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, and / or a channel load [eg immediately] before the transmission of the data, and / or a required quality of service e [e.g. QoSJ of the transmitted data is dependent.

In exemplary embodiments, the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on the position of the subscriber in relation to the base station, the data corresponding to a first hop pattern [e.g. a first group of jump patterns] if the position of the subscriber falls in a first area of a geographical area covered by the base station, the data being transmitted according to a second jump pattern, if the position of the subscriber falls in a second area of the base station geographic area covered, the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern being different, the first area and the second area being different.

Distances to the base station, and / or quality criteria [e.g. RSSl, PER, BER, SIR, SNR],

For example, the participants can be divided into areas according to positions [eg if the respective coordinates of the participants are known, for example through localization] or according to RSSI or according to quality, the areas differing in that they differ between closer and more distant participants, or between Participants whose signals have higher and lower RSSl (power level), or between Participants whose transmitted data show better and poorer quality, with different areas being assigned different jump patterns.

In embodiments, the jump pattern of at least one area of the first area and the second area differs from a jump pattern of an area [e.g. a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area] which adjoins the at least one area or at least partially overlaps it and which is covered by an adjacent base station of the communication system [e.g. operated].

For example, the hopping patterns or the hopping pattern groups for the neighboring base station can be assigned exactly the other way around.

In exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first hop pattern of the first area and the second hop pattern of the second area is used for a further area of a geographical area that is adjacent to the geographical area and that is covered by an adjacent base station of the communication system. For example, certain hopping patterns or hopping pattern groups can be repeated for the neighboring base stations and others are not repeated.

In embodiments, the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber and the base station at least one transmission [e.g.

Link transmission, beacon transmission or downlink data transmission] from the base station to the subscriber, the subscriber being configured to determine or estimate the quality of the at least one beacon transmission of the base station.

In exemplary embodiments, the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, the at least one preceding transmission being at least one preceding transmission of data from the subscriber, the subscriber being configured to receive a To receive transmission of data from the base station, the transmission of data from the base station having information about the quality criterion of the at least one preceding transmission of data from the subscriber.

In exemplary embodiments, the first jump pattern is one of a first group of jump patterns that is assigned to the first quality criterion area, the second jump pattern being one of a second group of jump patterns that is assigned to the second quality criterion area, the first group of jump patterns and the second Group of jump patterns are different.

In exemplary embodiments, the first jump pattern is one of a first group of jump patterns that is assigned to the first quality of service area, the second jump pattern being one of a second group of jump patterns that is assigned to the second quality of service area, the first group of jump patterns and the second Group of jump patterns are different ^' .

In the case of exemplary embodiments, the required quality of service is at least one of a required latency, a required response time, and a required maximum blocking rate.

Further exemplary embodiments create a method for transmitting data in a wireless communication system [eg uncoordinated or coordinated]. The method comprises a step of transmitting data according to a hopping pattern in time and / or frequency distributed from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system and / or from a base station of the communication system to a subscriber of the communication system, the for the transmission of the Data used hopping patterns from a position of the subscriber in relation to the base station, and / or a quality criterion [e.g. RSSI, PER, BER, SIR, SNR] at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, and / or a channel load [e.g. immediately] before the transmission of the data, and / or a required quality of service [e.g. QoS] of the transmitted data.

Further exemplary embodiments create a computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein when the method is run on a computer, microprocessor or SDR receiver (SDR = software defined radio, dt. A transmitter and / or receiver, in which smaller or larger proportions of the signal processing with Software to be realized).

Embodiments use their own frequency range and / or their own time interval for participants (e.g. sensor nodes) with permanently poor reception conditions or for participants (e.g. sensor nodes) with high QoS requirements.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a communication arrangement with a first communication system, according to an embodiment of the present invention, ^'

2a shows a diagram of a distribution of intra- and inter-cell interference with a cluster size of K = 7,

2b shows a diagram of a distribution of intra- and inter-cell interference with a cluster size of K = 1,

3 shows a diagram of a distribution function of the outside to inside path loss according to the so-called "Building Penetration Loss" channel mode according to the COST 231 NLOS model,

Fig. 4 in a diagram, the packet error rate plotted against the after their

Receiving levels of sorted subscribers (e.g. sensor nodes) of a radio cell, Fig. 5 in a diagram, the packet error rates plotted against the after their

Reception level sorted sensor nodes and use of adaptive channel coding with rates 1/2 and 1/3,

Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system with a

Base station and a subscriber, according to an embodiment of the present invention,

7 shows a diagram of an occupancy of the transmission channel in the

Transmission of a plurality of partial data packets according to a hopping pattern (time and frequency hopping pattern),

8 shows a diagram of a distribution of intra-cell interference and FIG

Inter-cell interference for those participants who transmit data in their own (lower) frequency range, for a cluster size of K = 1, due to the fact that their received power is, for example, as a quality criterion below a received power threshold,

9 shows a diagram of packet error rates for different convolutional codes with rates 1/2 and 1/3 over the subscribers sorted according to their reception levels as a quality criterion using two separate frequency ranges,

Fig. 10 shows a tabular representation of an example

Allocation scheme of the base station with regard to code rate and frequency range allocation, according to an embodiment of the present invention,

11 shows a schematic representation of a frame structure in TSMA with

Subcarriers within a frequency range,

12 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system with a base station and a subscriber, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, 13 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system with a base station and a subscriber, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

14 shows a schematic view of a base station and an assignment of four different jump patterns to four different geometric areas that are served by the base station, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

15 shows a schematic view of new base stations and an assignment of four different jump patterns to four different geometric areas each, which are each served by one of the new base stations, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

16 shows a schematic view of two base stations as well as an assignment of different jump patterns to respectively different geometric areas which are served by the two base stations, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

17 shows a flow diagram of a method for sending data in a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

18 shows a flow diagram of a method for receiving data in a wireless communication system, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

19 shows a flow diagram of a method for sending data in a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 shows a flow diagram of a method for receiving data in a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG 21 shows a flow diagram of a method for transmitting data in a wireless communication system, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

^(In the following description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, elements that are the same or have the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures, so that their descriptions can be interchanged with one another.

1 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system 102 with a multiplicity of subscribers 106_1-106_n that are uncoordinated with one another, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The communication system 102 can have a base station 104_1 and a multiplicity of subscribers 106_1-106_n. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the communication system 102 has four participants 106_1-106_4 for illustration purposes, but the communication system 104_1 can just as well have 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 or even 100,000 participants or more.

The communication system 102 can be configured to communicate wirelessly in a frequency band (e.g. a license-free and / or license-free frequency band, e.g. ISM band) which is used by a plurality of communication systems for communication. As indicated in FIG. 1, for example one or two further communication systems 182 and 192 with respective subscribers (for example 186__1-186_4 and 196_1-196_4) and base stations (for example 184_1 and 194_1) can be within range of the communication system 102 Communication systems 102, 182 and 192 use the same frequency band for wireless communication and are uncoordinated with one another.

Due to the high number of subscribers (subscriber density) of the communication system 102, there may be interference between transmissions of different subscribers within the own communication system 102, for example if they happen to carry out simultaneous or at least temporally overlapping transmissions on the same frequency. Furthermore, there may be interference between transmissions from participants in different communication systems, for example if they happen to carry out transmissions on the same frequency at the same time or at least in time overlapping. In other words, with a correspondingly high subscriber density, terrestrial, wireless communication systems (e.g. mobile networks) are interference-limited, i.e. the network capacity is limited by co-channel interference, which occurs when users (e.g. subscribers) interfere with each other who transmit on the same frequency at the same time.

There are two types of interference sources:

Intra- _{cell interference a} occurs in the same cell due to the lack of orthogonality between the users. Causes can be, for example, non-ideal properties of spreading and scrambling codes (as in CDMA) or asynchronicities in the uplink when sending in the time and / or frequency domain. Intercell interference / _/ "" it is caused by subscribers from neighboring cells who also transmit on the same frequency.

Both intra- and inter-cell interference lead to a reduction in the transmission quality and thus to a reduction in cell capacity. The useful-to-interference power ratio CIR is used as a measure of the quality. The larger the CiR, the better the connection quality. The basis of any radio network or radio _{coverage planning is the ratio CIR mm} , which must be at least necessary to ensure a required packet error rate. In order to reduce the disturbing influence of the interference power, there are a number of measures [7, 9], which are briefly explained below.

First, an increase in the useful power C received at the base station:

- Antenna diversity: Receiving and / or transmitting via two or more base station antennas at the same location with a subsequent combination of the received signals.

Macrodiversity / soft handover: Supply of a mobile station from several base station locations with a combination of the respective signals.

- Capacity-controlled cell allocation: Allocation of the subscriber to the cell with the best reception level.

Second, a reduction in noise power:

Discontinuous Transmission (DTX): Switching off the transmitter during breaks.

Power Control: Reduction of the transmission power in good reception conditions.

Sectorization of cells: Supply of several cells from one location by means of sector antennas with opening angles of, for example, 65 ° to 120 ° instead of an omnidirectional antenna. Higher-quality modulation method or adaptive channel coding: adaptation of the interference resistance to the reception level; with a better reception level, higher modulation efficiency and lower coding protection.

Increase in the cluster size (frequency reuse): Increase in the frequency repetition distance D as the smallest geometric distance between the centers of two cells in which the same carrier frequencies are used.

Hierarchical cell structures: radio network structure with macro cells (extensive coverage) and micro cells (for areas with high traffic loads). The macro or micro cells have different base station locations.

Third, an averaging of the interference power / CIR:

Frequency hopping: changing the frequency from data block to data block.

Underlay-Overlay Cell structure: Subdivision of the cell into ring-shaped areas with different frequency repetition intervals.

The above-mentioned interference-reducing and thus capacity-increasing measures are, however, associated with considerable additional costs, a fact that needs to be weighed up particularly precisely in the case of a cost-efficient IOT system.

In the following, a digital communication system (radio transmission system) is considered in which the participants (e.g. sensor nodes or actuator nodes) send out data packets, whereby the receiving base station does not know in advance which participant is active at which point in time and on which radio frequency. In such a communication system with competition procedures ("contention-based random access"), in which the sending of data on its own initiative by the sender and without prior approval ("grant") or allocation of dedicated radio resources (English, "scheduling “) Is carried out by a coordinating entity (eg base station), there is always intra-cell interference due to the non-existent user orthogonality. Depending on the cluster size K on which the frequency planning is based, additional inter-cell interference occurs. The smaller K, the more the network capacity increases, but the inter-cell interference also increases accordingly.

This is shown by way of example in FIGS. 2a and 2b. 2a and 2b show distributions of intercell interference 10 and intracell interference 20 and with a cluster size of K = 7 in the case of FIG. 2a and a cluster size of K = 1 in the case of FIG. 2b. Included the ordinates describe the respective number of interferers, while the abscissas describe the respective reception level at the base station in dBm.

In other words, FIGS. 2a and 2b show the distribution functions of the different reception levels of intra-cell interference 20 and inter-cell interference 10. In FIG. The co-channel interferers (curve 10 in FIG. 2a) from the neighboring cells are correspondingly low compared to the interfering users in their own cell (curve 20 in FIG. 2a). In FIG. 2b, where the cluster size K is equal to 1 (all radio cells use the same frequency), a different ratio of intra-cell interference 20 to inter-cell interference 10 is established. Due to the smaller cluster size of K = 1, there are effectively fewer disruptive users in the own cell, but more co-channel interferers in the neighboring cells. It is not so easy to assess which cluster configuration provides the higher data throughput, as this depends on many factors, such as radio propagation, radio transmission and signal processing in the receiver.

In FIGS. 2a and 2b, the user distributions in their own user cell are of particular importance, that is to say the curves 20. Due to the different spatial distance of the individual subscribers (e.g. sensors) to the receiving base station, the so-called "near-far- Effect ”(German far-near effect) can be observed. A user (e.g. sensor node) (user A) who is very close to the BS will generally have a low path loss and his reception level CA at the BS will be correspondingly high (FIGS. 2a and 2b, for example in the range of - 90 dBm to -60 dBm). A more distant user (e.g. sensor node) (user B), on the other hand, shows a greater path loss and his reception level C _B at the base station will be correspondingly low (FIGS. 2a and 2b, for example, in the range from -150 dBm to -120 dBm).

The path losses are particularly high in the so-called "Building Penetration Loss" channel mode used in 3GPP [1,10] according to COST 231 NLOS (NLOS = Non-üne-of-Sight) outdoor-to- indoor (German outside to inside) dispersion model [11]. With this duct model, the transition from the inside of the building to the outside is modeled and path losses of over 50 dB, independent of distance, can occur. 3 shows the distribution function (CDF, cumulative distribution function) of the outside-to-inside path loss according to the so-called “Building Penetration Loss” channel model according to the COST 231 NLOS model. The ordinate describes the distribution function (CDF, cumulative distribution function) and the abscissa the path losses in dB. It is therefore obvious that user A (with the low path loss) has a correspondingly high CIRA and user B a correspondingly low CIRB. However, it is precisely the sensor nodes with the greatest path losses and thus the lowest CIRs that determine the service quality QoS (“Quality of Service”) of a cellular network. QoS stands for a large number of quality requirements that include influencing factors such as packet loss rate and latency [2].

4 shows an example of this. In detail, Fig. 4 shows in a diagram the packet error rate 40, PER (Packet Error Rate), plotted against the subscribers (e.g. sensor nodes) of a radio cell sorted according to their reception levels. On the far left is the subscriber who arrives at the base station with the lowest reception level or CIR and has a correspondingly high packet error rate. On the far right, the participants with the highest CIRs and a correspondingly low packet error rate.

If, for example, a packet error rate of 1% is now defined as the quality requirement 30 for all subscribers present in the cell, it becomes clear that a certain number of nodes (in FIG. 4 approx. 40% of all subscribers) does not meet this requirement. The participants with very low reception levels have, for example, packet error rates greater than 30%.

An attempt can now be made with some of the measures described above to bring more participants below the PER threshold of 1%. If, for example, adaptive channel coding is used, then the subscribers with the lower reception levels can use convolutional coding that is better protected. This is shown schematically in FIG. 5. In detail, FIG. 5 shows in a diagram packet error rates 40 and 50 plotted over the sensor nodes sorted according to their reception level and use of adaptive channel coding with rates 1/2 and 1/3, which is already known from FIG. 4 and uses packet error rate 40 as an example a convolutional code with rate 1/2, while a convolutional code with rate 1/3 is used for the packet error rate 50, for example. If a better protected code is used for the subscribers with the low reception levels, then significantly more subscribers can be pushed below the PER threshold 30 of 1% in comparison to FIG. 3. How the code rate can be adjusted in detail for the individual participants will be explained later.

Overall, however, it can be said that the known measures to increase cell capacity are often very effective! reach their limits, as they are often too complex and therefore costly for a simple IOT system. In the following, therefore, exemplary embodiments are described which increase the probability of getting through for subscribers with poor reception conditions or high QoS requirements in communication systems with a high subscriber density.

1. Separate frequency range for participants with permanently bad

Conditions of reception

6 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system 102 with a base station 104_1 and a subscriber 106_1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Although only one subscriber 106_1 is shown in FIG. 6 for reasons of illustration, it should be pointed out that the communication system 102 in exemplary embodiments can have a plurality of subscribers 106_1-106_n (for example, uncoordinated with one another), such as 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 or even 100,000 participants or more (see Fig. 1). It is also possible for the communication system 102 to have more than one base station. For example, the communication system 102 can have at least two base stations 104_1-104_m, it being possible for a radio cell to be assigned to each of the base stations 104_1-104_m.

The subscriber 106_1 is configured to send data 120 to the base station 104_1 of the communication system 102, the subscriber 108_1 being configured, depending on a quality criterion, to transmit the data 120 in at least one previous transmission between the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 1 Q4_1 a first frequency range 126, or in a second frequency range 128, the first frequency range 126 and the second frequency range 128 being different.

The base station 104_1 is configured to receive the data 120 sent by the subscriber 106_1, the data depending on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104, the data 120 in the first frequency range 126, or in the second frequency range 128 are transmitted, the first frequency range 126 and the second frequency range 128 being different. In exemplary embodiments, the first frequency range 126 and the second frequency range 128 can adjoin one another (see FIG. 6) or be spaced apart from one another.

The quality criterion of the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104_1 can, for example, be at least one of a reception level of the at least one preceding transmission, a bit error rate of the at least one preceding transmission, a block error rate of the at least one preceding transmission, a packet error rate of the at least one preceding transmission, a signal-to-noise ratio of the at least one preceding transmission, a signal-to-interference ratio of the at least one preceding transmission, in the case of several preceding transmissions, a ratio between a number of detected transmissions and a number of undetected transmissions Transfers.

Thus, in exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted in the first frequency range 126 if the quality criterion is in a first quality criterion range, e.g. if the reception level is in a first reception level range (e.g. 0 to - 115 dBm), or if the quality criterion is greater than or equal to a quality criterion threshold, e.g. if the reception level is greater than or equal to a reception level threshold (e.g. -115 dBm).

Accordingly, in exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted in the second frequency range 128 if the quality criterion is in a second quality criterion range, e.g. if the reception level is in a second reception level range (e.g. -115 dBm to - °°), or if the quality criterion is smaller than the quality criterion threshold, e.g. if the reception level is lower than the reception level threshold (e.g. -115 dBm).

Of course, in exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can also be transmitted depending on the quality criterion in more than two different frequency ranges, for example in three, four or five frequency ranges, each of which is assigned a respective quality criterion range or which are each separated by respective quality criterion welds . In embodiments, the at least one preceding transmission can be a transmission (for example downfink data transmission or beacon transmission) from the base station

104 _ 1 to be the subscriber 106_1. In this case, subscriber 106_1 can do that

Determine the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission yourself, i.e. based on the received transmission of the base station 104_1.

In embodiments, the at least one previous transmission may be a transmission (e.g., uplink data transmission) from subscriber 106_1 to the base station

104 _ 1 be. In this case, the base station 104_1 can determine the quality criterion based on the received transmission of the subscriber 106_1 and send a data transmission (e.g. downlink data transmission) to the subscriber 106_1, the data transmission to the subscriber 106_1 having information about the quality criterion.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber 106_1 can have a transmission device (or transmission module, or transmitter) 107 which is designed to send a transmission (for example an uplink data transmission). The transmission device 107 can be connected to an antenna 109 of the subscriber 106_1. Optionally, the subscriber 106_1 can have a receiving device (or receiving module, or receiver) 108 which is designed to receive a transmission. The ^'receiving device 108 may with the antenna 109 or another (separate) the antenna 106_1 of the user be connected. The subscriber 106_1 can also have a combined transceiver.

In exemplary embodiments, the base station 104_1 can have a receiving device (or receiving module, or receiver) 116 which is designed to receive a transmission (e.g. uplink data transmission). The receiving device 116 can be connected to an antenna 114 of the base station 104_1. Optionally, the base station 104_1 can have a transmission device (or transmission module, or transmitter) 112 which is designed to transmit a transmission (e.g. downlink data transmission or beacon transmission). The transmitting device 112 can be connected to the antenna 114 or a further (separate) antenna of the base station 104_1. The base station 104_1 can also have a combined transceiver.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber 106_ 1 and the base station 104_1 can be configured to transmit data based on the so-called telegram splitting method [3], as is defined in ETSI TS 103357, for example. Here the data (e.g. a data packet with the data) on the transmitter side divided into a plurality of partial data packets (so-called "radio bursts") and the partial data packets are transmitted according to a jump pattern in time and / or frequency, with the partial data packets be reassembled (or combined) on the receiver side in order to obtain the original data. Each of the partial data packets contains only part of the data to be transmitted. The partial data packets can also be channel-coded, so that not all partial data packets, but only some of the partial data packets are required for error-free decoding of the data.

The temporal distribution of the plurality of partial data packets can, as already mentioned, take place in accordance with a time and / or frequency hopping pattern.

A time jump pattern can specify a sequence of transmission times or transmission time intervals with which the partial data packets are sent. For example, a first partial data packet can be sent at a first transmission time (or in a first transmission time slot) and a second partial data packet at a second transmission time (or in a second transmission time slot), the first transmission time and the second transmission time being different. The time jump pattern can define (or specify, or specify) the first transmission time and the second transmission time. Alternatively, the time jump pattern can indicate the first transmission time and a time interval between the first transmission time and the second transmission time. Of course, the time jump pattern can also only indicate the time interval between the first point in time and the second transmission point in time. There may be pauses in transmission between the partial data packets, during which there is no transmission. The partial data packets can also overlap (overlap) in time.

A frequency hopping pattern can specify a sequence of transmission frequencies or transmission frequency hops with which the partial data packets are sent. For example, a first partial data packet can be sent with a first transmission frequency (or in a first frequency channel) and a second partial data packet with a second transmission frequency (or in a second frequency channel), the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency being different. The frequency hopping pattern can define (or specify, or specify) the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency. Alternatively, the frequency hopping pattern can indicate the first transmission frequency and a frequency spacing (transmission frequency hopping) between the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency. Of course, the frequency hopping pattern can also only specify the frequency spacing (transmission frequency hopping) between the first transmission frequency and the second transmission frequency. Of course, the plurality of partial data packets can also be transmitted distributed both in terms of time and frequency. The distribution of the plurality of partial data packets in time and frequency can take place according to a time and frequency hopping pattern _» which is the combination of a time hopping pattern and a frequency hopping _pattern» ie a sequence of transmission times or transmission time intervals with which the partial data packets are transmitted _» Where the transmission times (or transmission time intervals) are assigned transmission frequencies (or transmission frequency jumps).

7 shows in a diagram an occupancy of the transmission channel during the transmission of a plurality of partial data packets 142 according to a jump pattern (time and frequency jump pattern) 140. The ordinate describes the frequency and the abscissa describes the time.

As can be seen in Fig. 7 is _"the data (for example, a data packet with the data) are exemplified divided into n = 7 sub data packets 142 and are transmitted in accordance with spread of a hopping pattern 140 in time and frequency.

As further seen in Fig. 7, the plurality of sub-data packets 142 in addition to data (data symbols 146 in FIG. 7) also pilot sequences (pilot symbols (or synchronization symbols) 144 in Fig. 7) contain _"based on which the receiver side, the sub- Data packets 142 can be detected in a received signal 120 or received data stream.

With reference to FIG. 6, the data 120 in exemplary embodiments can be transmitted in the first frequency range 126 or the second frequency range 128 as a _{function of the quality criterion corresponding to a hop pattern 140 (time hop pattern »frequency hop pattern or time and frequency hop pattern).}

Optionally, different hopping patterns can be used for the transmission of the data 120 in the different frequency ranges 126 and 128. Thus, the data 120 can be transmitted in the first frequency range 126 according to a first jump pattern _" while the data 120 are transmitted in the second frequency range 128 according to a second jump pattern _" whereby the first jump pattern and the second jump pattern are different. Optionally, different groups of jump patterns can also be assigned to the different frequency ranges 126 and 128. A first group of jump patterns can be assigned to the first frequency range 126, while a second group of jump patterns can be assigned to the second frequency range 128, a jump pattern from the respective group of jump patterns being used for the transmission of the data.

In the following, detailed exemplary embodiments of the communication system 102 shown in FIG. 6 are described in more detail.

In the following, a communication system 102 is assumed as an example in which the participants 106_1-106_n (e.g. transmitter) send the data packets on their own initiative in the competition process, with the sending times not being assigned in advance ("contention-based random access"). . It is also assumed that the participants (e.g. transmitters) are stationary, i.e. without any relevant movement within the radio cell. It can therefore be assumed that the path loss of the radio propagation from each subscriber (e.g. transmitter) to the respectively assigned base station is approximately time-invariant. The reception level of a participant (e.g. transmitter) at the base station is therefore approximately constant.

In exemplary embodiments, all participants (e.g. sensor nodes) 106_1-106_n of a radio cell whose quality criterion (e.g. reception level) are below a specifiable quality criterion threshold (e.g. level threshold, e.g. of X dBm) can have their own frequency stretch 126 and 128 available. In each radio cell, all subscribers (e.g. sensor nodes) 106_1-106_n present in the radio cell are split into two different frequency ranges (hereinafter referred to as "lower" and "upper" frequency ranges for the sake of simplicity), their bandwidths being quite different In contrast to the underlay-overlay cell structure arrangement (see above), both frequency ranges 126 and 128 are supplied by the same base station 104_1 and geometrically also cover the same cell area.

8 shows, in a diagram, a distribution of intra-cell interference 130 and inter-cell interference 140 for those subscribers who transmit data in their own (lower) frequency range for a cluster size of K = 1 due to the fact that their received power is, for example, as a quality criterion below a received power threshold . The ordinate describes the number of interferers and the abscissa the base station reception level in dBm. 8 illustrates the separation of the weakest participants (e.g. sensor nodes) into their own frequency range 128. The distribution of curve 130 clearly shows that only participants below a quality criterion threshold (e.g. with a received power of less than -115 dBm ) are located in their own radio cell in the lower frequency range 128 (see FIGS. 2a and 2b for comparison). Since such a split can also take place in all other neighboring radio cells, the intercell interference from the neighboring cells likewise results in a distribution that only begins below the quality criterion threshold (e.g. threshold value X of -115 dBm). If the distribution of the inter-cell interference from FIG. 8 is compared with that from FIG. 2b, it becomes clear that only the weakest interferers from the neighboring cells remain in this frequency range. For each individual subscriber in this lower frequency range 128, a significantly more favorable CIR results after the split.

When dimensioning the two frequency ranges 126 and 128 to be divided into a lower frequency range (with bandwidth b _u for the subscribers below the quality criterion threshold (e.g. subscribers with the weakest reception)) and an upper frequency range (with bandwidth b ₀ ), multiples of the system basic Bandwidth b can be assumed. With GSM this bandwidth is b = 200 kHz and with the foT method called “Telegram Splitting Multiple Access” (TSMA) [3, 4, 5, 6] it is b = 100 kHz. Usually, the bandwidth ratio of bb ₀ should be in the range between 1/3 and 1. This can be justified with the greater sensitivity of the weaker participants (eg sensor nodes) to interference. The variation in the reception level should not be too great in the lower band 128. Since it is also desirable to generate approximately the same traffic volume in both bands b _u and b ₀ (126 and 128), the relative threshold X should preferably be approximately bb ₀ -50%.

9 shows a diagram of packet error rates for different convolutional codes with rates 1/2 and 1/3 over the subscribers sorted according to their reception level as a quality criterion using two separate frequency ranges 126 and 128. The ordinate describes the packet error rate in percent and the abscissa the reception level. In Fig. 9, a first curve 150 describes a packet error rate in a convolutional code with the rate 1/3 for subscribers in the lower frequency range 128, a second curve 152 a packet error rate in a convolutional code with the rate 1/2 for subscribers in the lower frequency range 128, a third curve 154 a packet error rate in the case of a convolutional code with the rate 1/3 for subscribers in the upper frequency range 126, and a fourth Curve 156 shows a packet error rate in the case of a convolutional code with the rate 1/2 for subscribers in the upper frequency range 126.

In other words, FIG. 9 shows an example of the effect of the division of the participants (e.g. sensor nodes) on the two frequency ranges 126 and 128 according to their reception level. In the lower frequency range 128, there is a significant reduction in the interference power /, which ultimately results in a significantly more favorable one Distribution of CIRs leads. Since in the upper frequency range 126 the performance of the omitted participants (e.g. sensor nodes) with the low reception levels is no longer taken into account, the total number of participants can be increased significantly, which leads to a significant increase in the spectral capacity. According to [7], spectral capacity is understood to mean the maximum traffic that can be supplied (in kbit / s) per area and per bandwidth with a required GoS.

By using the two frequency ranges 126 and 128 separately, a significantly higher spectral capacity can be achieved than if both frequency ranges 126 and 128 are used jointly by all participants (e.g. users).

It should be pointed out at this point that all subscribers present in the cell can also be split into more than the two different frequency ranges.

In some exemplary embodiments, a participant can make the correct selection with regard to the two frequency ranges 126 and 128, as described below.

The starting point is base station 1 Q4_1. This, for example, keeps statistics within the respective radio cell about the quality criteria (e.g. reception level and the packet error ratios, PER) of all subscribers located in the radio cell (e.g. sensor nodes) 106_1 ~ 106_n. From this, the base station 104_1 can, for example, generate a table, as shown graphically in FIG. 10, which enables an assignment of the received levels as a quality criterion to different code rates as well as an assignment of the frequency ranges 126 and 128. The table is adjusted by the base station at regular intervals depending on the load on the communication system 102 (and thus the interference situation). The subscriber 106_1 for his part can estimate the quality criterion (e.g. signal level) based on a transmission received from the assigned base station (e.g. downlink data transmission or beacon transmission), and based on the estimated quality criterion, the code rate for his transmissions and the assignment to the two frequency ranges Select 126 and 128 based on the table. Initially, the Participants (eg sensor nodes) 106_1 always start in the lower frequency band 128 when first logging on to the communication system.

So that the subscriber (e.g. sensor node) 106_1 can measure or estimate the quality criterion (e.g. signal level) of the transmission of the base station 104_1 and also receive information about the table (e.g. the content of the table), a return channel from the base station

104 _ 1 can be used for subscribers 106_1-106_n. This return channel can be its own frequency band, but this reduces the spectral capacity. In the case of its own return channel, the base station can also assign the code rate and the frequency band directly to the subscriber via a link layer command, for example.

The return channel can also be hidden in the uplink frequency channels in the form of a radio beacon as a so-called “partially coordinated system”. This means that no additional frequency band is used. The base station 104_1 can transmit this radio beacon, which contains, for example, the level table as information, at, for example, regular intervals.

Possible exemplary embodiments with regard to the division of the frequency ranges are described below.

With GSM and NB-loT the bandwidth b is 200 kHz each, while with the regular "Telegram Splitting Multiple Access" (TSMA) according to [4] it amounts to b = 100 kHz. Since the information data rate R is significantly lower than the bandwidth b with both NB-IoT and TSMA, a radio band can be subdivided again into b / R frequency channels. In the case of GSM, on the other hand, the modulation rate R is of the same order of magnitude as the minimum required bandwidth b.

1) If the bandwidth of the frequency hopping-based frame (see FIG. 11) with TSMA is less than half of the bandwidth b, the division into a lower and an upper band b _u or b _{0 can} already be within a radio band of 100 kHz, for example take place.

2) The use of two or more radio bands for the different frequency allocation of the two bands b _u and b ₀ is always possible. The two bands can be next to each other, but do not have to be.

2. Separate time interval for participants (eg sensor nodes) with permanently poor reception conditions FIG. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system 102 with a base station 104_1 and a subscriber 106_1, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Compared with the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the data 120 are not in different frequency ranges 126 and 128 (see FIG 6) but are transmitted at different time intervals 127 and 129.

Of course, in exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can also be transmitted both in different frequency ranges 126 and 128 and in different time intervals 127 and 129 as a function of the quality criterion.

In the case of exemplary embodiments, in addition to a frequency division of participants with different quality criteria (e.g. strong and weak participants (e.g. sensor nodes)), alternatively or in combination, the division can also take place in a type of time division multiplex process. The participants who meet better quality criteria (e.g. participants with strong reception (e.g. sensor nodes)) are transferred with a time delay to participants who meet poorer quality criteria (e.g. participants with poor reception (e.g. sensor nodes)). The respective time windows 127 and 129 can be signaled, for example, by the base station, for example in the form of a radio beacon or during the registration process of a new subscriber.

3. Own frequency channel or own time interval for data transmissions with high QoS requirements

In exemplary embodiments, the data 120 in the communication system 102 can alternatively or additionally to the dependence on the quality criterion also depending on a quality of service (QoS) in the first frequency range 126 and / or first time interval 127, or in the second frequency range 128 and / or second time interval 129 are transmitted.

Thus, in exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted in the first frequency range 126 and / or first time interval 127 if the quality of service is in a first Quality of service range is or is less than or equal to a quality of service threshold, while the data 120 is transmitted in the second frequency range 128 and / or second time interval 129 if the quality of service is in a second quality of service range or is greater than the quality of service threshold.

In exemplary embodiments, the quality of service can be at least one of a latency time, a response time, and a maximum blocking rate.

The subdivision of subscribers 106_1-106_n (e.g. sensor nodes) into separate frequency bands 126 and 128 and / or separate time intervals 127 and 129 can also be used from an application point of view for applications with high quality requirements.

For example, some messages have a higher priority during transmission or must have arrived at the recipient within a certain time interval. Examples of such transmissions are, for example, alarms or emergency shutdowns. However, there are also applications that have to guarantee, for example, that at least one message per time interval (e.g. per day or month) must be correctly received by the recipient.

In order for these messages to arrive more reliably at the recipient, these messages can also be transmitted exclusively in exemplary embodiments or in combination with the previous exemplary embodiments in their own frequency range 128 or in their own time interval 129.

In exemplary embodiments, subscribers (e.g. sensor nodes) who meet better quality criteria (e.g. subscribers with good reception conditions) can thus also send individual messages with high QoS requirements in the lower frequency band 128 to the base station 104_1. This is not a problem as long as it doesn't happen too often.

In the previous example, in which at least one message per time interval must arrive at the receiver, the messages of a subscriber can be distributed over the interval, for example, 100 times in the upper frequency band 126 and only once in the lower frequency band 128 to be on the safe side.

If a bidirectional system is available, transmission can also take place in the upper frequency band 126. If the base station 104_1 is one of the in the upper frequency band 126 If the messages sent are confirmed by means of an acknowledgment of receipt (ACK), the subscriber does not have to send in the lower band. Only if no confirmation of receipt has been received shortly before the end of the time interval, the subscriber sends in the lower frequency band.

There are areas in the 869 MHz band that are approved for different maximum transmission power. 500 mW (27 dBm), 25 mW, (14 dBm), 5 mW (7 dBm). Thus, for example, the upper frequency range 126 can be in a range with a lower permitted transmission power.

4. Different frequency time patterns for data transmissions with high QoS requirements or for bad vs. good reception conditions

In the following, further exemplary embodiments of the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104_1 are described, which can be used alone or in combination with the exemplary embodiments of the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104_1 described above.

13 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system 102 with a base station 104_1 and a subscriber 106_1, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The subscriber 106_1 is configured to send data 120 according to a hop pattern 122_1 or 122_2 distributed in time and / or frequency to the base station 104_1 of the communication system 102 and / or to receive it from the base station 104_1 of the communication system 102, this being for the transmission the data 120 used hopping pattern 122_1 or 122J2 from a position of the subscriber 106_1 in relation to the base station 1 Q4_1, and / or from a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 1 Q4_1, and / or a (e.g. measured or determined) Kanalfast before the transmission of the data 120, and / or on a required quality of service of the data 120 is dependent.

The base station 104_1 can be configured to distribute data 120 in accordance with a hopping pattern 122_1 or 122J2 in time and / or frequency to a subscriber 106 _ 1 of the communication system 102 to send and / or from the subscriber 106_1 of the

Communication system 102, the hopping pattern 122_1 or 122_2 used for the transmission of the data 120 from a position of the subscriber 106_1 in relation to the base station 104_1, and / or from a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104_1, and / or a (for example, measured or determined) channel load prior to the transmission of the data 120, and / or on a required quality of service of the data 120.

In exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted in accordance with a first hop pattern 122_1 or in accordance with a hop pattern 122_1 selected from a first group of hop patterns if the position of the subscriber 106_1 falls in a first geographical area of a geographical area covered by the base station 106_1 while the Data 120 corresponding to a second jump pattern 122_2 or corresponding to a jump pattern 122_2 selected from a second group of jump patterns can be transmitted if the position of the subscriber 106_1 falls in a second geographical area of the geographical area covered by the base station 106_i, the first jump pattern 122_1 and the second jump pattern 122J2 are different, the first area and the second area being different.

In embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted according to a first jump pattern 122_1 or according to a jump pattern 122_1 selected from a first group of jump patterns if the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission is in a first quality criterion range or is greater than or equal to a quality criterion threshold , while the data 120 can be transmitted according to a second jump pattern 122_2 or according to a jump pattern 122_2 selected from a second group of jump patterns if the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission lies in a second quality criterion range or is less than the quality criterion threshold .

The quality criterion of the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104 can, for example, be at least one of a reception level of the at least one preceding transmission, a bit error rate of the at least one preceding transmission, a block error rate of the at least one preceding transmission, a packet error rate of the at least one preceding transmission, a signal-to-noise ratio of the at least one preceding transmission, a signal-to-interference ratio of the at least one preceding transmission

Transmission, in the case of several previous transmissions, a ratio between a number of detected transmissions and a number of undetected transmissions.

In exemplary embodiments, the at least one preceding transmission can be a transmission (e.g. downlink data transmission or beacon transmission) from the base station 104_1 to the subscriber 106_1. In this case, the subscriber 106_1 can determine the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission himself, i.e. based on the received transmission from the base station 104_1.

In embodiments, the at least one preceding transmission can be a transmission (e.g. uplink data transmission) from subscriber 106_1 to base station 104_1. In this case, the base station 104_1 can determine the quality criterion based on the received transmission of the subscriber 106_1 and send a data transmission (e.g. downlink data transmission) to the subscriber 106_1, the data transmission to the subscriber 106_1 having information about the quality criterion.

In exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted in accordance with a first hop pattern 122_t or in accordance with a hop pattern 122_1 selected from a first group of hop patterns if the quality of service of the data lies in a first quality of service range or is less than or equal to a quality of service threshold, while the data 120 can be transmitted in accordance with a second hop pattern 122J2 or in accordance with a hop pattern 122_2 selected from a second group of hop patterns if the quality of service is in a second quality of service range or is greater than the quality of service threshold.

In exemplary embodiments, the quality of service can be at least one of a latency time, a response time, and a maximum blocking rate. In execution examples, the data 120 can be transmitted according to a first jump pattern 122_1 or according to a jump pattern 122_1 selected from a first group of jump patterns if the measured or determined channel load (e.g. (shortly) before sending the data 120) is in a first channel load range or less than or equal to a channel load threshold, while the data 120 can be transmitted according to a second jump pattern 122_2 or according to a jump pattern 122_2 selected from a second group of jump patterns if the measured or determined channel load (e.g. (shortly) before the data 120 is sent ) lies in a second channel load range or is greater than the channel load threshold.

Of course, in exemplary embodiments, more than two jump patterns or more than two groups of jump patterns can also be used for the transmission of the data 120. For example, the geographical area served by the base station 104_1 can be divided into at least three geographical areas, each of the at least three geographical areas being assigned a respective jump pattern or a respective group of jump patterns. It is also possible for a division into at least three quality criterion areas (or service quality areas or channel load areas), with each of the at least three quality criterion areas (or service quality areas or channel load areas) being assigned a respective jump pattern or a respective group of jump patterns.

In exemplary embodiments, the subscriber 106_1 can have a transmission device (or transmission module, or transmitter) 107 which is designed to send a transmission (e.g. an uplink data transmission). The transmission device 107 can be connected to an antenna 109 of the subscriber 106_1. Furthermore, the subscriber 106_1 can have a receiving device (or receiving module, or receiver) 108 which is designed to receive a transmission (e.g. downlink data transmission or beacon transmission or link transmission). The receiving device 108 can be connected to the antenna 109 or a further (separate) antenna of the subscriber 106_1. The subscriber 106_1 can also have a combined transceiver.

In exemplary embodiments, the base station 104_1 can have a receiving device (or receiving module, or receiver) 116 which is designed to receive a transmission (for example uplink data transmission). The receiving device 116 can be connected to an antenna 114 of the base station 104 1. Furthermore, the base station 104_1 can be a Transmit device (or transmitter module, or transmitter) 112 have which is designed to transmit a transmission (for example downlink data transmission or beacon transmission or link transmission). The transmitting device 112 can be connected to the antenna 114 or a further (separate) antenna of the base station 104_1. The base station 104_1 can also have a combined transceiver.

As has already been explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the subscriber 106_1 and the base station 104_1 can be configured to transmit data based on the so-called telegram splitting method [3], as is the case, for example, in ETSI TS 103 357 is defined.

As already indicated, exemplary embodiments of the communication system 102 described in FIG. 13 can optionally be combined with exemplary embodiments of the communication system 102 described in FIGS. 6 to 12.

Thus, in exemplary embodiments, the data 120 can be transmitted in the first frequency range 126 and / or first time interval 127 in accordance with a first hop pattern 122_1 or in accordance with a hop pattern 122_1 selected from a first group of hop patterns, while the data 120 in the second frequency range 128 and / or second time interval 129 corresponding to a second jump pattern 122_2 or corresponding to a jump pattern 122_2 selected from a second group of jump patterns can be transmitted.

In exemplary embodiments, the different hopping patterns can be different orthogonal to one another. The SIR from a first jump pattern to a second jump pattern is better than the SIR from the first jump pattern to a third or fourth jump pattern. For example, there can be 16 possible hopping patterns. For example, participants whose transmissions have better quality criteria (e.g. participants with good reception conditions) can use the first eight jump patterns, while participants whose transmissions have poorer quality criteria (e.g. participants with poorer reception conditions) can use the other eight jump patterns.

In exemplary embodiments, the jump patterns can be defined as a function of at least one quality criterion (for example reception level). For example, the jump pattern for participants with better (e.g. good) quality criteria and the Jump patterns for participants with poor (e.g. bad) quality criteria should be almost orthogonal to one another and accordingly (almost) not interfere with each other.

In exemplary embodiments, one or more hopping patterns can also be reserved for messages with high QoS requirements, such as alarms.

As has already been indicated, the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data 120 can be dependent on a position of the subscriber 106_1 in relation to the base station 104. It is possible here for the geographical area served by the base station 104_1 to be divided into several geographical areas, each of the geographical areas being assigned a respective jump pattern (or a respective group of jump patterns), as explained below with reference to FIG. 14 will.

14 shows a schematic view of a base station 104_1 and an assignment of four different jump patterns 122_1-122_4 (or four groups of different jump patterns) to four different geometric areas that are served by the base station 104_1, according to an exemplary embodiment. As is shown by way of example in FIG. 14, the geographical area served by the base station 104_1 can be divided into four geographical areas as a function of a distance to the base station 104_1, with a first hop pattern 122_1 (or a first group of hop patterns) having a first geographical area Area can be assigned, while a second jump pattern 122_2 (or a second group of jump patterns) can be assigned to a second geographic area, while a third jump pattern 122_3 (or a third group of jump patterns) can be assigned to a third geographic area, while a fourth Jump pattern 122_4 (or a fourth group of jump patterns) can be assigned to a fourth geographical area. The four jump patterns 122_1-122_4 can be different, i.e. indicate a different distribution in time and / or frequency.

In other words, Fig. 14 shows a geometric distribution of jump patterns. 14 shows an example with four jump patterns. The four jump patterns are permanently assigned depending on the distance (and thus indirectly the received power) of the subscribers 106_1-106_n (to the base station 104_1).

15 shows a schematic view of nine base stations 104_1-104_9 and an assignment of four different jump patterns 122_1-122_4 (or four groups of different jump patterns) to four different geometric areas, which are each served by one of the new base stations 104 1 104_9, according to an exemplary embodiment. As is shown by way of example in FIG. 15, the geographical area served by a respective base station can be divided into four geographical areas depending on a distance from the respective base station. The four jump patterns 122_1-124_4 are assigned in exactly the opposite order to the geographical areas of directly adjacent base stations.

In other words, FIG. 15 shows several radio cells. In order to reduce the inter-cell interference, the hopping patterns 122_1-122_4 can be assigned unequally to neighboring base stations (see FIG. 15). In FIG. 15, the different circular or ring-shaped surfaces represent different jump patterns 122 1 122_4. The jump patterns 122_1-122_4 can be assumed to be orthogonal (in other words, they hardly interfere / not at all). As indicated in FIG. 15, with a first base station 104_1 the first hopping pattern 122_1 can be used for the subscribers with the best reception conditions, while with a second base station 104_2 of an adjacent radio cell the first hopping pattern 122_1 is used for the subscribers with the worst channel conditions will. This ensures that jump patterns with the same numbers are spatially separated from one another. This means that data transmitted with the jump patterns do not interfere with one another, which means that inter-cell interference can be reduced.

It should be noted that the use of four jump patterns is only to be understood as an example. Instead of four jump patterns, a different number of jump patterns or groups of jump patterns can be used, such as four groups of jump patterns. Each group of jump patterns can have several jump patterns which are orthogonal to another group of jump patterns or which have good suppression. Based on e.g. 16 available jump patterns, four groups of jump patterns can each have four jump patterns.

Of course, completely different jump patterns can be assigned to neighboring radio cells. For example, one base station can use hopping patterns 1-4, while a neighboring base station can use hopping patterns 4-8.

An uneven distribution of the number of jump patterns per group of jump patterns is also possible. For example, a first group of jump patterns can have two jump patterns, while a second group of jump patterns can have six jump patterns. 16 shows a schematic view of two base stations 104_1 and 104_2 as well as an assignment of different hopping patterns (or four groups of different hopping patterns) to respectively different geometric areas that are served by the two base stations 104_1 and 1Q4_2, according to an exemplary embodiment.

As shown by way of example in FIG. 16, the geographical area served by the first base station 104_t can be divided into four areas, wherein, starting from the first base station 104_1, a first hop pattern 122_1 can be assigned to a first geographical area, with a second hop pattern 122_2 can be assigned to a second geographical area, wherein a third jump pattern 122_3 can be assigned to a third geographical area, and wherein a fourth jump pattern 122_4 can be assigned to a fourth geographical area.

The geographical area served by the second base station 104_2 can be divided into five areas, whereby, starting from the second base station 104_2, the second jump pattern 122_2 can be assigned to a first geographical area, wherein a first jump pattern 122_1 can be assigned to a second geographical area, wherein a sixth jump pattern 122_6 can be assigned to a third geographical area, wherein a seventh jump pattern 122_7 can be assigned to a fourth geographical area, and wherein a fourth jump pattern 122_4 can be assigned to a fifth geographical area.

A subscriber who uses the fourth hopping pattern 122_4 can thus be received by both base stations 1Q4_1 and 104_2.

In other words, FIG. 16 shows radio cells of different sizes. 16 shows an example in which the subscribers can be received by practically all base stations 104_1 and 1Q4_2 under good conditions. If all base stations 104_1 and 104J2 receive certain hopping patterns, then these hopping patterns should only be assigned once and should not be used again in the neighboring radio cells. An example is an installation of a participant (e.g. meter) on a roof of a high-rise building and at the same time in the basement of a high-rise building. Here the jump pattern that is used by the participant arranged on the roof cannot be reused for other participants. In exemplary embodiments, the hopping patterns can therefore be communicated to the base stations adaptively by a central server (eg head end).

5. Further exemplary embodiments

FIG. 17 shows a flow diagram of a method 200 for sending data in a wireless communication system, the communication system having a multiplicity of participants who are not coordinated with one another. The method comprises a step of sending data from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system, the data being transmitted in a first frequency range or in a second frequency range depending on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, wherein the first frequency range and the second frequency range are different and / or are transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

18 shows a flow diagram of a method 210 for receiving data in a wireless communication system, the communication system having a multiplicity of participants who are not coordinated with one another. The method comprises a step of receiving data sent from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system, the data being transmitted in a first frequency range or in a second frequency range depending on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber and the base station, wherein the first frequency range and the second frequency range are different and / or are transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

19 shows a flow diagram of a method 220 for sending data in a wireless communication system, the communication system having a multiplicity of participants who are not coordinated with one another. The method comprises a step of sending data from a subscriber in the communication system to a base station in the communication system, the data being dependent on a required quality of service are transmitted in a first frequency range or in a second frequency range _» where the first frequency range and the second frequency range are different _» and / or are transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval _» where the first time interval and the second time interval are different.

Fig. 20 shows a flow diagram of a method 230 for receiving data in a wireless communication system _"wherein the communication system comprises a plurality of mutually uncoordinated users. The method comprises a step of receiving data sent by a subscriber in the communication system to a base station in the communication system _» the data being transmitted in a first frequency range or in a second frequency range depending on a required quality of service _» whereby the first frequency range and the second frequency range are different are _» and / or are transmitted in a first time interval or in a second time interval, the first time interval and the second time interval being different.

21 shows a flow diagram of a method 240 for transmitting data in a wireless communication system. The method comprises a step of transmitting data according to a hopping pattern in time and / or frequency distributed from a subscriber of the communication system to a base station of the communication system and / or from a base station of the communication system to a subscriber of the communication system _» where that for the transmission of the The jump pattern used depends on at least one of a position of the subscriber in relation to the base station _» a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the

Subscriber and the base station _» a channel load prior to the transmission of the data _» a required quality of service of the transmitted data.

Embodiments of the present invention deal with an IOT system (IOT = Internet of Things) with asymmetrical data transmission from many participants (eg sensor nodes) to a base station using what is known as a competitive multiple access method [8]. Because here is allowed to access any messages that are ready sensor nodes at will on the tJplink channel _"cell users very high co-channel interference occurs already in because of the lack of user-orthogonality potentially. Participants (e.g. Sensor nodes) that have a high path loss to the base station due to their great distance from the base station or due to their unfavorable positioning then have a very low CIR. Due to this poor CIR, it is often not possible for these sensor nodes to correctly transmit your data to the base station at certain specified intervals. As a result, a required QoS (QoS = Quality of Service) can often not be complied with. Embodiments of the present invention therefore use a different (frequency) range allocation, as a result of which the interference power I can be reduced.

As already mentioned, the exemplary embodiments described here can be used to transmit data based on the telegram splitting method between the participants in the communication system. In the telegram splitting process, data, such as a telegram or data packet, are divided into a plurality of sub-data packets (or partial data packets, or partial packets) and the sub-data packets are divided into time and / or frequency hopping patterns using a time and / or frequency hopping pattern. or distributed in frequency from one subscriber to another subscriber (e.g. from the base station to the end point, or from the end point to the base station) of the communication system, the subscriber receiving the sub-data packets reassembling (or combining) them in order to to receive the data package. Each of the sub-data packets contains only part of the data packet. The data packet can also be channel-coded, so that not all sub-data packets, but rather only some of the sub-data packets, are required for error-free decoding of the data packet.

Embodiments of the present invention can be used in the communication system defined in ETSI TS 103 357 (v1.1.1) or expand it.

Although some aspects have been described in connection with a device, it goes without saying that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Analogously to this, aspects that have been described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or details or features of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps can be performed by a hardware device (or using a hardware Apparatus), such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. With some In embodiments, some or more of the most important process steps can be carried out by such an apparatus.

Depending on the specific implementation requirements, embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software. The implementation can be carried out using a digital storage medium such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray disk, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a FLASH memory, a hard disk or other magnetic memory or optical memory, on which electronically readable control signals are stored, which can interact or cooperate with a programmable computer system in such a way that the respective method is carried out. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.

Some exemplary embodiments according to the invention thus include a data carrier which has electronically readable control signals which are capable of interacting with a programmable computer system in such a way that one of the methods described herein is carried out.

In general, exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being effective to carry out one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.

The program code can, for example, also be stored on a machine-readable carrier.

Other exemplary embodiments include the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, the computer program being stored on a machine-readable carrier.

In other words, an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program which has a program code for performing one of the methods described herein when the computer program runs on a computer.

A further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the Computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is recorded. The data carrier, the digital storage medium or the computer-readable medium are typically tangible and / or non-perishable or non-transitory.

A further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals which represents or represents the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The data stream or the sequence of signals can, for example, be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.

Another exemplary embodiment comprises a processing device, for example a computer or a programmable logic component, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.

Another exemplary embodiment comprises a computer on which the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is installed.

A further exemplary embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system which is designed to transmit a computer program for performing at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver. The transmission can take place electronically or optically, for example. The receiver can be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device. The device or the system can comprise, for example, a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.

In some exemplary embodiments, a programmable logic component (for example a field-programmable gate array, an FPGA) can be used to carry out some or all of the functionalities of the methods described herein. In some exemplary embodiments, a field-programmable gate array can interact with a microprocessor in order to carry out one of the methods described herein. In general, in some exemplary embodiments, the methods are performed by any hardware device. This can be hardware that can be used universally, such as a computer processor (CPU), or hardware specific to the method, such as an ASIC, for example. The devices described herein can be implemented, for example, using a hardware apparatus, or using a computer, or using a combination of a hardware apparatus and a computer. The devices described herein, or any components of the devices described herein, can be implemented at least partially in hardware and / or in software (computer program).

For example, the methods described herein can be implemented using hardware apparatus, or using a computer, or using a combination of hardware apparatus and a computer.

The methods described herein, or any components of the methods described herein, can be carried out at least in part by hardware and / or by software.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It is to be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of protection of the following patent claims and not by the specific details presented herein with reference to the description and explanation of the exemplary embodiments.

bibliography

[1] 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP TR 45.820, "Cellular System support for ultra-low complexity and low throughput Internet of Things (CloT)"

[2] 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP TR 38.913, "Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies", v14.0.0.

[3] DE 10 2011 082098 B4

[4] ETSI TS 103357, “V11.1 (2018-06) [5] G. Kilian, H. Petkov, R. Psiuk, H. Lieske, F. Beer, J. Robert, and A. Heuberger,

“Improved coverage for low-power telemetry systems using telegram splitting,” in Proceedings of 2013 European Conference on Smart Objects, Systems and Technologies (SmartSysTech), 2013

[6] G. Kilian, M. Breiling, H. H. Petkov, H. Lieske, F. Beer, J. Robert, and A. Heuberger, "Increasing Transmission Reliability for Telemetry Systems Using Telegram Splitting,"

IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 949-961, Mar. 2015

[7] C. Lüders, “Mobilfunksysteme. Basics, functionality, planning aspects ”, Vogel Buchverlag, Kamprath series, 2001

[8] M. Bossert, M. Breitenbach, “Digitale Netze”, B.G. Teubner Stuttgart - Leipzig, 1999 [9] W. Koch, "Basics of Mobile Communication", lecture script in the winter semester 2010/2011,

Chair of Mobile Communication, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 2011

[10] 3GPP TSG RAN 1 # 88 Athens, R1-1703865, "On 5G mMTC requirement fulfillment, NB-loT and eMTC connection density", source Ericsson, Feb. 13-17, 2017

[11] A. Aragon-Zavala, “Indoor Wireless Communications: From Theory to Implementation,” John Wiley & Sons, 2017

Claims

1. Subscriber (106_1) of a wireless communication system (102), the communication system (102) having a plurality of subscribers (106_1-106_n), the subscriber (106_1) being configured to send data (120) to a base station (104J) of the communication system (102), the subscriber (106_1) being configured to, depending on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station, the data (120)

- To transmit in a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range (128), the first frequency range (126) and the second frequency range (128) being different, and / or

- To be transmitted in a first time interval (127) or in a second time interval (129), the first time interval (127) and the second time interval (129) being different.

2. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 1, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to transmit the data (120) in the first frequency range (126) and / or in the first time interval (127) if the quality criterion is in a first quality criterion range is or greater than or equal to a quality criterion threshold, the subscriber (106_1) being configured to transmit the data (120) in the second frequency range (128) and / or in the second time interval (129), if the quality criterion lies in a second quality criterion range or is smaller than the quality criterion threshold.

3. Participant (106_1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1) comprises at least one transmission of a beacon or a transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1) to the subscriber (1Q6_1), the subscriber (106_1 ) is configured to determine or estimate the quality criterion of the at least one transmission of the beacon or of the at least one transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1) to the subscriber (106_1).

4. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the at least one preceding transmission comprises at least one preceding transmission of data (120) from the subscriber (106_1) to the base station (104_1), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured is to receive a transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1), wherein the transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1) information about the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission of data (120) from the Subscriber (106_1) to the base station (104_1).

5. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the quality criterion is at least one of a minimum reception level,

- a bit error rate,

- a block error rate,

- a packet error rate

- a signal-to-noise ratio,

- a signal-to-interference ratio,

- a ratio between a number of detected transmissions of data (120) and a number of undetected transmissions of data (120) by the subscriber (106_1).

6 participants (106_1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to provide the data (120) for transmission in the first frequency range (126) and / or time interval with a first code rate, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to transmit the data (120 ) to provide a second code rate for the transmission in the second frequency range (128) and / or time interval, the first code rate being greater than the second code rate,

7. participant (106_1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the participant (1Q6_1) is configured to transfer the data (120) in the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127) according to a first hop pattern (122_1 ), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to transmit the data (120) in the second frequency range (128) and / or second time interval (129) in accordance with a second hop pattern (122_2), the first hop pattern (122_1 ) and the second jump pattern (122_2) are different.

8. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 7, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127), the second hopping pattern (122_2 ) is one of a second group of jump patterns which is assigned to the second frequency range (128) and / or second time interval (129), the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns being different.

9. Participant (106_1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is further configured to transmit the data in the first frequency range (126) or in the second frequency range (128), and / or as a function of a required or newly resulting quality of service of the data to be transmitted

- To be transmitted in the first time interval (127) or in the second time interval (129).

10. Base station (104_1) of a wireless communication system (102), the communication system (102) having a plurality of subscribers (106_1-106_n), the base station (104_1) being configured to receive data (120) from a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102), wherein the data (120) as a function of a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station

- In a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range

(128) are transmitted, the first frequency range (126) and the second frequency range (128) being different, and / or

- are transmitted in a first time interval (127) or in a second time interval (129), the first time interval (127) and the second time interval

(129) are different.

11. Base station (104_1) according to claim 10, wherein the data (120) are transmitted in the first frequency range (126) and / or in the first time interval (127) if the quality criterion is in a first quality criterion range or greater than or equal to one Quality criterion threshold, the data (120) being transmitted in the second frequency range (128) and / or in the second time interval (129) if the quality criterion is in a second quality criterion range or is smaller than the quality criterion threshold.

12. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the at least one preceding transmission comprises at least one preceding transmission of data (120) from the subscriber (106_1) to the base station (104_1), wherein the base station (104_1) is configured is to determine the quality criterion based on the at least one previous transmission of data (120) from the subscriber (106_1) to the base station (104_1), the base station (104_1) being configured to transmit data (120) to the subscriber ( 106_1) which has information about the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission of data (120) from the subscriber (106_1) to the base station (104_1).

13. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the quality criterion is at least one of a minimum reception level,

- a bit error rate,

- a block error rate,

- a packet error rate,

- a signal-to-noise ratio,

- a signal-to-interference ratio,

14. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the data (120) transmitted in the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127) are provided with a first code rate, wherein the data (120) transmitted in the second frequency range ( 128) and / or the second time interval (129) transmitted data (120) are provided with a second code rate, the first code rate being greater than the second code rate. 15. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the data (120) are transmitted in the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127) in accordance with a first hopping pattern (122_1), the data (120 ) are transmitted in the second frequency range (128) and / or second time interval (129) in accordance with a second jump pattern (122_2), the first jump pattern (122_1) and the second jump pattern (122_2) being different.

16. Base station (104_1) according to claim 15, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127), the second hopping pattern (122_2 ) is one of a second group of jump patterns which is assigned to the second frequency range (129) and / or second time interval (129), the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns being different.

17. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein the data (120) as a function of a required or newly emerging quality of service of the data to be transmitted

- are transmitted in the first frequency range (126) or in the second frequency range (128), and / or

- are transmitted in the first time interval (127) or in the second time interval (129).

18. A method for sending data (120) in a wireless communication system, the communication system (102) having a plurality of users (106_1-106_n), the method comprising:

Sending data (120) from a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102) to a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102), the data (120) depending on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station

- In a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range

(129) are different.

19. A method for receiving data (120) in a wireless communication system, the communication system (102) having a plurality of users (106_1-106_n), the method comprising:

Receiving data sent from a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102) to a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102), the data (120) depending on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station

- In a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range

(129) are different.

20. Computer program for carrying out the method according to one of claims 18 to 19, when the method ablaut on a computer, microprocessor or SDR receiver.

21. Subscriber (106_1) of a wireless communication system (102), wherein the communication system (102) has a plurality of subscribers (106_1-106_n), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to send data (120) to a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102), wherein the subscriber (106_1 ) is configured to, depending on a required quality of service of the data to be transmitted, the data

22. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 21, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to transmit the data (120) in the first frequency range (126) and / or in the first time interval (127) if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range is or is less than or equal to a quality of service threshold, the subscriber (106_1) being configured to transmit the data (120) in the second frequency range (128) and / or in the second time interval (129), if the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range or is greater than the quality of service threshold.

23. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 21 to 22, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to, if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range or is less than or equal to a quality of service threshold, individual transmissions of data ( 120) from a series of transmissions of data (120) in the second frequency range (128) and / or in the second time interval (129).

24. Participant (106_1) according to one of claims 21 to 23, where the required quality of service is at least one off

- a required latency period,

- a required response time,

- a required maximum blocking rate.

25. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the subscriber (1Q6_1) is configured to provide the data (120) for transmission in the first frequency range (126) and / or time interval with a first code rate, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to provide the data (120) for transmission in the second frequency range (128) and / or time interval with a second code rate, the first code rate being lower than the second code rate.

26. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to transfer the data (120) in the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127) in accordance with a first hop pattern (122_1 ), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to transmit the data (120) in the second frequency range (128) and / or second time interval (129) in accordance with a second hop pattern (122_2), the first hop pattern (122_1 ) and the second jump pattern (122_2) are different.

27. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 26, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127), wherein the second hop pattern (122_2) is one of a second group of hop patterns which is assigned to the second frequency range (129) and / or second time interval (129), the first group of hop patterns and the second group of hop patterns being different.

28. Base station (104_1) of a wireless communication system (102), the communication system (102) having a plurality of subscribers (106_1-106_n), the base station (104_1) being configured to receive data (120) from a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102), the data (120) depending on a required quality of service of the data

- In a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range

(129) are different.

29. Base station (104_1) according to claim 28, wherein the data (120) are transmitted in the first frequency range (126) and / or in the first time interval (127) if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range or greater than or equal to a quality of service threshold, the data (120) being transmitted in the second frequency range (128) and / or in the second time interval (129) if the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range or less than the quality of service threshold is.

30. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the required quality of service is at least one off

- a required latency period, - a required response time,

- a required maximum blocking rate.

31. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 27 to 30, wherein the data (120) transmitted in the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127) are provided with a first code rate, wherein the data (120) transmitted in the second frequency range ( 128) and / or the second time interval (129) transmitted data (120) is provided with a second code rate, the first code rate being greater than the second code rate.

32. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 27 to 31, wherein the data (120) are transmitted in the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127) in accordance with a first hopping pattern (122_1), the data (120 ) are transmitted in the second frequency range (128) and / or second time interval (129) in accordance with a second jump pattern (122_2), the first jump pattern (122_1) and the second jump pattern (122_2) being different.

33. Base station (104_1) according to claim 32, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first frequency range (126) and / or first time interval (127), the second hopping pattern (122_2 ) is one of a second group of jump patterns that is assigned to the second frequency range (128) and / or second time interval (129), wherein the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

34. A method for sending data (120) in a wireless communication system, the communication system (102) having a plurality of users, the method comprising:

Sending data (120) from a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102) to a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102), the data (120) depending on a required quality of service of the data (120)

- In a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range

(129) are different.

35. A method for receiving data (120) in a wireless communication system, the communication system (102) having a plurality of users, the method comprising:

Receipt of data sent by a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102) to a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102), the data (120) depending on a required quality of service of the data (120) in a first frequency range (126) or in a second frequency range

(129) are different.

36. Computer program for performing the method according to one of claims 34 to 35, when the method runs on a computer, microprocessor or SDR receiver.

37. Subscriber (106_1) of a wireless communication system (102), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to distribute data (120) in accordance with a hopping pattern in time and / or frequency to a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102) send and / or receive from the base station (104_1) of the communication system (102), the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) from

- a position of the subscriber (106_1) in relation to the base station, and / or

- A quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station, and / or

- a channel load prior to the transmission of the data, and / or

- a required quality of service of the transmitted data is dependent.

38. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 37, wherein the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on the position of the subscriber (106_1) in relation to the base station (104_1), the subscriber (106_1) being configured in order to send and / or receive the data (120) in accordance with a first jump pattern (122_1) if the position of the subscriber (106_1) falls in a first area of a geographical area covered by the base station (104_1), the subscriber (106_1 ) is configured to transmit the data (120) according to a second jump pattern (122_2) when the position of the participant

(106_ 1) falls in a second area of the geographic area covered by the base station (104_1), the first hop pattern (122_1) and the second hop pattern (122_2) being different, the first area and the second area being different.

39. Participant (106_1) according to claim 38, wherein the first area and the second area differ in terms of distances to the base station and / or quality criteria.

40. Participant (106_1) according to one of claims 38 to 39, wherein the first jump pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of jump patterns which is assigned to the first area, the second jump pattern (122_2) being one of a second group of Jump patterns, which is assigned to the second area, wherein the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

41. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 39 to 40, wherein the jump pattern extends from at least one area from the first area and the second area, which is adjacent or at least partially overlapping to an area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is from a neighboring base station (104_1) of the communication system (102) is covered, is arranged, differentiates.

42. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 39 to 41, wherein the first hop pattern (122_1) of the first area differs from a further first hop pattern of a further first area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is from an adjacent base station (104_1 ) of the communication system (102) is covered, differs, and / or wherein the second hop pattern (122_2) of the second area differs from a further second hop pattern of a further second area of the geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is used by the neighboring base station (104_1 ) of the communication system (102) is covered, differentiates.

43. Participant (106_1) according to one of claims 39 to 42, wherein at least one of the first hopping pattern of the first area and the second hopping pattern of the second area is used for a further area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is covered by an adjacent base station (104_1) of the communication system (102).

44. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 37, wherein the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1), the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1) comprises at least one transmission from the base station (104_1) to the subscriber (106_1), the subscriber (106_1) being configured to improve the quality of the at least one transmission by the base station (104_1) to determine or estimate.

45. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 37, wherein the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1), the at least one preceding transmission at least one previous transmission of data (120) from the subscriber (106_1) to the base station (104_1), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to receive a transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1), wherein the transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1) includes information about the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission of data (120) by the subscriber (106_1).

46. Participant (106_1) according to one of claims 44 to 45, wherein the participant (106_1) is configured to send and / or receive the data (120) according to a first jump pattern (122_1) if the quality criterion lies in a first quality criterion range, the participant (106_1) being configured to the To send and / or receive data (120) corresponding to a second jump pattern (122_2) if the quality criterion is in a second quality criterion range, the first jump pattern (122_1) and the second jump pattern (122_2) being different, the first quality criterion range and the second quality criterion area are different.

47. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 46, wherein the first jump pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of jump patterns which is assigned to the first quality criterion range, wherein the second jump pattern (122_2) is one of a second group of jump patterns which is assigned to the second quality criterion area, the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns being different.

48. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 37 to 47, wherein the quality criterion is at least one off

- a minimum reception level,

- a bit error rate,

- a block error rate, a packet error rate,

- a signal-to-noise ratio,

- a signal-to-interference ratio, - a ratio between a number of detected transmissions of data (120) and a number of undetected transmissions of data (120) by the subscriber (106_1).

49. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 37, wherein the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on a required quality of service of the data (120), the subscriber (106__1) being configured to transfer the data (120) accordingly to send and / or receive a first jump pattern (122_1) if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to send the data (120) in accordance with a second jump pattern (122_2) and / or to receive when the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range, the first hop pattern (122_1) and the second hop pattern (122_2) being different, the first quality of service range and the second quality of service range being different.

50. Subscriber (106_1) according to claim 49, wherein the first jump pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of jump patterns which is assigned to the first quality of service range, wherein the second jump pattern (122_2) is one of a second group of jump patterns which is assigned to the second quality of service area, wherein the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

51. Subscriber (106_1) according to one of claims 37 to 50, wherein the required quality of service is at least one off a required latency period,

- a required response time,

- a required maximum blocking rate.

52. Base station (104_1) of a wireless communication system (102), wherein the base station (104_1) is configured to distribute data (120) according to a hopping pattern in time and / or frequency to a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102) send and / or received by the subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102), the jump pattern used for the transmission of the data (120)

- From a position of the subscriber (106_1) in relation to the base station, and / or

- of a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station, and / or

- a channel load prior to the transmission of the data, and / or

- is dependent on a required quality of service of the transmitted data.

53. Base station (104_1) according to claim 52, wherein the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on the position of the subscriber (106_1) in relation to the base station (104_1), the data (120) corresponding to a first Jump pattern (122_1) are transmitted if the position of the subscriber (106_1) falls in a first area of a geographical area covered by the base station (104_1), the data (120) being transmitted in accordance with a second jump pattern (122_2) if the position of the subscriber (106_1) falls in a second area of the geographic area covered by the base station (104_1), the first hop pattern (122_1) and the second hop pattern (122_2) being different, the first area and the second area being different.

54. Base station (104_1) according to claim 53, wherein the first area and the second area are related

- Distances to the base station, and / or

- Differentiate between quality criteria.

55. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 53 to 54, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first area, the second hopping pattern (122_2) being one of a second group of Jump patterns, which is assigned to the second area, wherein the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

56. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 54 to 55, wherein the hopping pattern extends from at least one area from the first area and the second area, which is adjacent or at least partially overlapping to an area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is from a neighboring base station (104_1) of the communication system (102) is covered, is arranged, differentiates.

57. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 54 to 56, wherein the first hop pattern (122_1) of the first area differs from a further first hop pattern of a further first area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is from an adjacent base station (104_1 ) of the communication system (102) is covered, differs, and / or wherein the second hop pattern (122_2) of the second area differs from a further second hop pattern of a further second area of the geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is used by the neighboring base station (104_1 ) of the communication system (102) is covered, differentiates. 58. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 54 to 57, wherein at least one of the first hopping pattern of the first area and the second hopping pattern of the second area for a further area of a geographical area adjacent to the geographical area, which is used by an adjacent base station ( 104_1) of the communication system (102) is used.

59. Base station (104_1) according to claim 52, wherein the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1), the at least one preceding transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1) comprises at least one transmission from the base station (104_1) to the subscriber (106_1), the subscriber (106_1) being configured to monitor the quality of the at least one beacon transmission from the base station ( 104_1) to determine or estimate.

60. Base station (104_1) according to claim 52, wherein the hop pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station (104_1), the at least one preceding transmission at least one previous transmission of data (120) by the subscriber (106_1), wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to receive a transmission of data (120) from the base station (104_1), the transmission of data (120) being the Base station (104_1) has information about the quality criterion of the at least one previous transmission of data (120) by the subscriber (106_1).

61. base station (104_1) according to one of claims 59 to 60, wherein the participant (106_1) is configured to send and / or receive the data (120) according to a first jump pattern (122_1) if the quality criterion lies in a first quality criterion range, the participant (1Q6_1) being configured to the To send and / or receive data (120) corresponding to a second jump pattern (122_2) if the quality criterion is in a second quality criterion range, the first jump pattern (122_1) and the second jump pattern (122_2) being different, the first quality criterion range and the second quality criterion area are different.

62. Base station (104_1) according to claim 61, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first quality criterion range, wherein the second hopping pattern (122_2) is one of a second group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the second quality criterion area, the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns being different.

63. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 52 to 62, wherein the quality criterion is at least one off

- a minimum reception level, a bit error rate,

- a block error rate,

- a packet error rate,

- a signal-to-noise ratio,

- a signal-to-interference ratio,

- A ratio between detected transmissions of data (120) and undetected transmissions of data (120) of the subscriber (106_1). 64. Base station (104_1) according to claim 52, wherein the hopping pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) is dependent on a required quality of service of the data (120), the subscriber (106_1) being configured to transfer the data (120) accordingly to send and / or receive a first jump pattern (122_1) if the required quality of service is in a first quality of service range, wherein the subscriber (106_1) is configured to send the data (120) according to a second jump pattern (122_2) and / or to receive when the required quality of service is in a second quality of service range, the first jump pattern (122_1) and the second jump pattern (122_2) being different, the first quality of service range and the second quality of service range being different.

65. Base station (104_1) according to claim 64, wherein the first hopping pattern (122_1) is one of a first group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the first quality of service range, wherein the second hopping pattern (122_2) is one of a second group of hopping patterns which is assigned to the second quality of service area, wherein the first group of jump patterns and the second group of jump patterns are different.

66. Base station (104_1) according to one of claims 52 to 65, wherein the required quality of service is at least one off

- a required latency period,

- a required response time,

- a required maximum blocking rate. 67. A method for transmitting data (120) in a wireless communication system, transmitting data (120) in accordance with a jump pattern in time and / or

Frequency distributed from a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102) to a base station (1Q4_1) of the communication system (102) and / or from a base station (104_1) of the communication system (102) to a subscriber (106_1) of the communication system (102), wherein the jump pattern used for the transmission of the data (120) from

- a quality criterion of at least one previous transmission between the subscriber (106_1) and the base station, and / or - a channel load prior to the transmission of the data, and / or

- a required quality of service of the transmitted data is dependent.

68. Computer program for carrying out the method according to claim 67, when the computer program runs on a computer, microprocessor or SDR receiver.