WO2021165986A1 - A gasifier system for power generation from biomass - Google Patents

A gasifier system for power generation from biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021165986A1
WO2021165986A1 PCT/IN2021/050144 IN2021050144W WO2021165986A1 WO 2021165986 A1 WO2021165986 A1 WO 2021165986A1 IN 2021050144 W IN2021050144 W IN 2021050144W WO 2021165986 A1 WO2021165986 A1 WO 2021165986A1
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Prior art keywords
zone
air
cooling unit
producer gas
pipe
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Application number
PCT/IN2021/050144
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French (fr)
Inventor
Perumal Raman
Original Assignee
Perumal Raman
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Publication of WO2021165986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021165986A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/005—Reducing the tar content by partial oxidation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/08—Plants characterised by the engines using gaseous fuel generated in the plant from solid fuel, e.g. wood
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1869—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system of biomass gasifiers for power generation. Most specifically the present invention relates to a system of biomass gasifier that is used to eliminate tar in the production of producer gas.
  • Biomass gasification is a process of converting solid biomass fuel into a gaseous combustible gas (called producer gas) through a sequence of thermo -chemical reactions. It is an effective way of converting plant material into a valuable energy source. It is an important thermal chemical process that converts any carbonaceous biomass to gaseous products. Compared with traditional coal gasification, biomass gasification takes place at a lower temperature ( ⁇ 900 °C) due to the essential nature of biomass. However, the gasification process also creates significant amounts of vaporous tars. As the gas stream cools, the vaporous tars may condense and deposit themselves on downstream components. The deposited tars may reduce the reliability of the system by fouling and/or damaging the downstream components. The presence of Tar in producer gas can affect the performance of the engine, by damaging the lube-oil and the engine components.
  • CN108384585A discloses a kind of confession thermal crackers of tar in biomass fluid bed gasification combustible gas, including gas inlet pipe, cracking chamber, gas distribution pipe, heat storage, burner, controller, three motor-driven valves, gas outlet pipe, two thermocouples ; Wherein, heat storage, burner, controller, two motor-driven valves, thermocouple form a control system, control the temperature of heat storage ; Gas distribution pipe, controller, a thermocouple, a motor-driven valve form a control system, the temperature of control cracking chamber.
  • CN103146432A discloses a biomass pyrolysis gasification and tar catalytic cracking device and method and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization.
  • the main objective of the present invention is to develop a biomass gasifier system for power generation.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to develop an easy and cost-effective system to provide high-quality producer gas.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to eliminate tar in the production of producer gas.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to effectively help the user.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a cleaner fuel for operating IC engines.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a system that can provide energy access to the remote and economically deprived populations that can uplift the economic status.
  • the present invention relates to a gasifier system for biomass power generation.
  • the present invention includes a triple reactor gasifier, an ash collector, a fuel hopper, a primary gas cooling unit, a primary producer gas pipe, a hot air distributor, a secondary producer gas pipe, a secondary gas cooling unit, an evaporative cooler, a cartridge filter pipe, a cartridge filter, a air-fuel mixture pipe, an air-fuel mixing unit, an air filter, an IC engine, an electric power generator.
  • the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar.
  • the triple reactor gasifier includes a pyrolyzer zone, a gasification reactor zone, and a tar cracker zone.
  • the gasification reactor zone generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone.
  • the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone.
  • the pyrolyzer zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs the pyrolysis of biomass.
  • the gasification reactor zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas.
  • tar is being eliminated from the producer gas.
  • the ash collector is attached below the tar cracker zone and collects ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone.
  • the ash collector collects the residual ash after the conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the triple reactor gasifier.
  • the fuel hopper is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier in order to pour biomass into the triple reactor gasifier.
  • the primary gas cooling unit includes a blower that is used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the primary producer gas pipe connects the primary gas cooling unit to the tar cracker zone of the triple reactor gasifier in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the hot air distributor is connected to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the hot air distributor includes a pyrolyzer hot air pipe, a gasification hot air pipe, and a tar cracker hot air pipe.
  • the pyrolyzer hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the pyrolyzer zone.
  • the gasification hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the gasification reactor zone.
  • the tar cracker hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the tar cracker zone.
  • the blower is used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and becomes hot air.
  • the hot air distributor supplies the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone, the gasification reactor zone and the tar cracker zone from the primary gas cooling unit through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe, the gasification hot air pipe and the tar cracker hot air pipe respectively.
  • the secondary gas cooling unit is connected to the primary gas cooling unit through the secondary producer gas pipe in order to send the producer gas to the second gas cooling unit from the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the evaporative cooler is connected to the second gas cooling unit through a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe.
  • the secondary gas cooling unit reduces the temperature of producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit by using water.
  • the evaporative cooler cools the water supplied to the second gas cooling unit that is being used to reduce the temperature of the producer gas.
  • the cartridge filter is connected to the second gas cooling unit through the cartridge filter pipe and the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit is connected to the cartridge filter through the air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion.
  • the air filter is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit to filter the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.
  • the IC engine is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit and bums a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque.
  • the electric power generator is connected to the IC engine that uses mechanical torque for electricity generation.
  • the IC engine and the electric power generator coupled with an alternator for power generation.
  • the main advantage of the present invention is to develop a biomass gasifier system for power generation.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is to develop an easy and cost- effective system to provide high-quality producer gas. Yet another advantage of the present invention is to eliminate tar in the production of producer gas.
  • Yet another advantage of the present invention is to effectively help the user.
  • Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide a cleaner fuel for operating IC engines.
  • Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide a system that can provide energy access to the remote and economically deprived populations that can uplift the economic status.
  • Fig.l illustrates the isometric view of the block diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig.3 illustrates the top view of the block diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig.3 illustrates the line diagram of the triple reactor gasifier.
  • Fig 1. Illustrates an isometric view of a block diagram of a system(lOO).
  • the system(lOO) includes a triple reactor gasifier(104), an ash collector(112), a fuel hopper(114), a primary gas cooling unit(116), a primary producer gas pipe(120), a hot air distributor(122), a secondary producer gas pipe(142), a secondary gas cooling unit(130), an evaporative cooler(102), a cartridge filter pipe(148), a cartridge filter(132),a air-fuel mixture pipe(150), an air-fuel mixing unit(134),an air filter(136), an IC engine(138), an electric power generator(140).
  • the ash collector(112) is attached below the tar cracker zone(HO).
  • the fuel hopper(114) is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier(104).
  • the primary gas cooling unit(116) includes a blower(118).
  • the primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the triple reactor gasifier(104) in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone(HO) to the primary gas cooling unit(116).
  • the hot air distributor(122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116).
  • the secondary gas cooling unit(130) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142).
  • the evaporative cooler(102) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through a hot water pipe (144) and a cold water pipe (146).
  • the cartridge filter(132) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through the cartridge filter pipe(148).
  • the air-fuel mixing unit(134) is connected to the cartridge filter(132) through an air-fuel mixture pipe(150).
  • the air filter(136) is connected to the air- fuel mixing unit(134).
  • the IC engine(138) is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit(134).
  • Theelectric power generator(140) is connected to the IC engine(138).
  • Fig.2. Illustrates a top view of a block diagram of a system(lOO).
  • the system(lOO) includes a triple reactor gasifier(104), an ash collector(112), a fuel hopper(114), a primary gas cooling unit(116), a primary producer gas pipe(120), a hot air distributor(122), a secondary producer gas pipe(142), a secondary gas cooling unit(130), an evaporative cooler(102), a cartridge filter pipe(148), a cartridge filter(132),a air-fuel mixture pipe(150), an air-fuel mixing unit(134), an air filter(136), an IC engine(138), an electric power generator(140).
  • the ash collector(112) is attached below the tar cracker zone(HO).
  • the fuel hopper(114) is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier(104).
  • the primary gas cooling unit(116) includes a blower(118).
  • the primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the triple reactor gasifier(104) in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone(HO) to the primary gas cooling unit(116).
  • the hot air distributor(122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116).
  • the secondary gas cooling unit(130) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142).
  • the evaporative cooler(102) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through a hot water pipe (144) and a cold water pipe (146).
  • the cartridge filter(132) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through the cartridge filter pipe(148).
  • the air-fuel mixing unit(134) is connected to the cartridge filter(132) through an air-fuel mixture pipe(150).
  • the air filter(136) is connected to the air- fuel mixing unit(134).
  • the IC engine(138) is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit(134).
  • Theelectric power generator(140) is connected to the IC engine(138).
  • Fig.3. Illustrates the top view of a block diagram of a triple reactor gasifier(104).
  • the triple reactor gasifier(104) includes a pyrolyzer zone(106), a gasification reactor zone(108)and a tar cracker zone(HO).
  • a primary gas cooling unit(116) includes a blower(118).
  • a primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the triple reactor gasifier(104).
  • a hot air distributor(122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116).
  • the hot air distributor 122) includes a pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124), a gasification hot air pipe(126), and a tar cracker hot air pipe(128).
  • the pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124) connects the hot air distributor 122) to the pyrolyzer zone(106).
  • the gasification hot air pipe(126) connects the hot air distributor(122) to the gasification reactor zone(108).
  • the tar cracker hot air pipe(128) connects the hot air distributor 122) to the tar cracker zone(l 10).
  • the secondary gas cooling unit(130) (as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.2) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(l 16) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142).
  • the present invention relates to a gasifier system for power generation from biomass.
  • the present invention includes a triple reactor gasifier, an ash collector, a fuel hopper, a primary gas cooling unit, a primary producer gas pipe, a hot air distributor, a secondary producer gas pipe, a secondary gas cooling unit, an evaporative cooler, a cartridge filter pipe, a cartridge filter, a air- fuel mixture pipe, an air-fuel mixing unit, an air filter, an IC engine, an electric power generator.
  • the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar.
  • the triple reactor gasifier includes a pyrolyzer zone, a gasification reactor zone, and a tar cracker zone.
  • the gasification reactor zone generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone.
  • the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone.
  • the pyrolyzer zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs the pyrolysis of biomass.
  • the gasification reactor zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas.
  • tar is being eliminated from the producer gas.
  • the ash collector is attached below the tar cracker zone and collects ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone.
  • the ash collector collects the residual ash after the conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the triple reactor gasifier.
  • the fuel hopper is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier in order to pour biomass into the triple reactor gasifier.
  • the primary gas cooling unit includes a blower that is used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the primary producer gas pipe connects the primary gas cooling unit to the tar cracker zone of the triple reactor gasifier in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the hot air distributor is connected to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the hot air distributor includes a pyrolyzer hot air pipe, a gasification hot air pipe, and a tar cracker hot air pipe.
  • the pyrolyzer hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the pyrolyzer zone.
  • the gasification hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the gasification reactor zone.
  • the tar cracker hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the tar cracker zone.
  • the blower is used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and became a hot air.
  • the hot air distributor supplies the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone, the gasification reactor zone and the tar cracker zone from the primary gas cooling unit through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe, the gasification hot air pipe and the tar cracker hot air pipe respectively.
  • the secondary gas cooling unit is connected to the primary gas cooling unit through the secondary producer gas pipe in order to send the producer gas to the secondary gas cooling unit from the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the evaporative cooler is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe.
  • the secondary gas cooling unit reduces the temperature of producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit by using water.
  • the evaporative cooler cools the water supplied to the secondary gas cooling unit that is being used to reduce the temperature of the producer gas.
  • the cartridge filter is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through the cartridge filter pipe and the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit is connected to the cartridge filter through the air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion.
  • the air filter is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit to filter the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.
  • the IC engine is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit and bums a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque.
  • the electric power generator is connected to the IC engine that uses mechanical torque for electricity generation.
  • the IC engine and the electric power generator coupled with an alternator for power generation.
  • the pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 550 Degree Celsius.
  • the gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in the high-temperature range of 950 to 1000 Degree Celsius.
  • the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas in the temperature range of 800-850 Degree Celsius.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit acts as a gas carburetor and supply the fuel and air mixture in the 1 : 1 proportion for better combustion and efficient operation of an IC engine and the air-fuel mixing unit also ensures a homogeneous mixture for better combustion.
  • the design parameters are valid to upscale the capacity of the gasifier system at least up to 500 kg/h.
  • the triple reactor gasifier generates the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1000-1200 kcal/Nm . In the preferred embodiment, the triple reactor gasifier generates the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1250-1500kcal/Nm In an embodiment, the triple reactor gasifier generates the producer gas from all type of biomass selected from wood, crop, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a gasifier system for power generation from biomass.
  • the present invention includes one or more triple reactor gasifiers, an ash collector, one or more one fuel hoppers, a primary gas cooling unit, a primary producer gas pipe, one or more one hot air distributors, a secondary producer gas pipe, a secondary gas cooling unit, an evaporative cooler, a cartridge filter pipe, a cartridge filter, a air-fuel mixture pipe, an air-fuel mixing unit, an air filter, one or more one IC engines, one or more one electric power generators.
  • the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar.
  • the one or more triple reactor gasifiers include a pyrolyzer zone, a gasification reactor zone, and a tar cracker zone.
  • the gasification reactor zone generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone.
  • the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone.
  • the pyrolyzer zone of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers performs the pyrolysis of biomass.
  • the gasification reactor zone of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas.
  • tar is being eliminated from the producer gas.
  • the ash collector is attached below the tar cracker zone and collets ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone.
  • the ash collector collects the residual ash after conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers.
  • the one or more one fuel hoppers are mounted on the one or more triple reactor gasifiers in order to pour biomass into the one or more triple reactor gasifiers.
  • the primary gas cooling unit includes one or more blowers that are used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the primary producer gas pipe connects the primary gas cooling unit to the tar cracker zone of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the one or more hot air distributors are connected to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the one or more hot air distributors include a pyrolyzer hot air pipe, a gasification hot air pipe, and a tar cracker hot air pipe.
  • the pyrolyzer hot air pipe connects the one or more hot air distributors to the pyrolyzer zone.
  • the gasification hot air pipe connects the one or more hot air distributor to the gasification reactor zone.
  • the tar cracker hot air pipe connects the one or more hot air distributors to the tar cracker zone.
  • the one or more blowers are used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and became a hot air.
  • the one or more hot air distributors supply the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone, the gasification reactor zone and the tar cracker zone from the primary gas cooling unit through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe, the gasification hot air pipe and the tar cracker hot air pipe respectively.
  • the secondary gas cooling unit is connected to the primary gas cooling unit through the secondary producer gas pipe in order to send the producer gas to the secondary gas cooling unit from the primary gas cooling unit.
  • the evaporative cooler is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe.
  • the secondary gas cooling unit reduces the temperature of producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit by using water.
  • the evaporative cooler cools the water supplied to the second gas cooling unit that is being used to reduce the temperature of the producer gas.
  • the cartridge filter is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through the cartridge filter pipe and the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit is connected to the cartridge filter through the air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion.
  • the air filter is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit to filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.
  • the one or more IC engines are connected to the air- fuel mixing unit and bum a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque.
  • the one or more electric power generators are connected to the one or more IC engines that use mechanical torque for electricity generation.
  • one or more IC engines and one or more electric power generators are coupled with an alternator for power generation.
  • the pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 550 Degree Celsius.
  • the gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in the high-temperature range of 950 to 1000 Degree Celsius.
  • the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas in the temperature range of 800-850 Degree Celsius.
  • the air-fuel mixing unit acts as a gas carburetor and supply the fuel and air mixture in the 1:1 proportion for better combustion and efficient operation of one or more IC engines and the air-fuel mixing unit also ensures a homogeneous mixture for better combustion.
  • the design parameters are valid to upscale the capacity of the gasifier system at least up to 500 kg/him an embodiment, the one or more triple reactor gasifiers generate the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1000-1200 kcal/Nm . In the preferred embodiment, the one or more triple reactor gasifiers generate the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1250-1500 kcal/Nm In an embodiment, the one or more triple reactor gasifiers generate the producer gas from all type of biomass selected from wood, crop, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a method for biomass power generation, the method having a biomass is filled into a triple reactor gasifier through a fuel hopper; a pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass; a gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in high temperature thus generating a producer gas; a tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas; the producer gas is being sent to a primary gas cooling unit through a primary producer gas pipe, a primary gas cooling unit cools the producer gas with help of ambient air that is being sucked inside the primary gas cooling unit through a blower; the temperature of the producer gas decreases; the producer gas further enters into a secondary gas cooling unit through a secondary producer gas pipe; the secondary gas cooling unit further cools the producer gas with the help of an evaporative cooler; the producer gas enters a cartridge filter from the secondary gas cooling unit through a cartridge filter pipe; the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas; an air-fuel mixture pipe; the producer gas enters
  • the present invention relates to a method for biomass power generation, the method having a biomass is filled into one or more triple reactor gasifiers through one or more one fuel hoppers; a pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass; a gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in high temperature thus generating a producer gas; a tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas; the producer gas is being sent to a primary gas cooling unit through a primary producer gas pipe, a primary gas cooling unit cools the producer gas with help of ambient air that is being sucked inside the primary gas cooling unit through one or more blowers; the temperature of the producer gas decreases; the producer gas further enters into a secondary gas cooling unit through a secondary producer gas pipe; the secondary gas cooling unit further cools the producer gas with the help of an evaporative cooler; the producer gas enters a cartridge filter from the secondary gas cooling unit through a cartridge filter pipe; the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas; an air-fuel mixture pipe
  • an air filter that is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a gasifier system(100) for power generation from biomass. The present invention includes a triple reactor gasifier(104), a primary gas cooling unit(116) a hot air distributor(122), a secondary gas cooling unit(130), an IC engine(138), an electric power generator(140). The triple reactor gasifier(104) includes a pyrolyzer zone(106), a gasification reactor zone(108)and a tar cracker zone(110). The gasification reactor zone(108) generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone(106). The tar cracker zone(110) eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone(108). Herein the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar. An IC engine(138) burns a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque. The electric power generator(140) is connected to the IC engine(138) that uses mechanical torque for electricity generation.

Description

A GASIFIER SYSTEM FOR POWER GENERATION FROM BIOMASS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system of biomass gasifiers for power generation. Most specifically the present invention relates to a system of biomass gasifier that is used to eliminate tar in the production of producer gas.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Biomass gasification is a process of converting solid biomass fuel into a gaseous combustible gas (called producer gas) through a sequence of thermo -chemical reactions. It is an effective way of converting plant material into a valuable energy source. It is an important thermal chemical process that converts any carbonaceous biomass to gaseous products. Compared with traditional coal gasification, biomass gasification takes place at a lower temperature (~ 900 °C) due to the essential nature of biomass. However, the gasification process also creates significant amounts of vaporous tars. As the gas stream cools, the vaporous tars may condense and deposit themselves on downstream components. The deposited tars may reduce the reliability of the system by fouling and/or damaging the downstream components. The presence of Tar in producer gas can affect the performance of the engine, by damaging the lube-oil and the engine components. Some existing methods of biomass gasification have been developed from time to time.
CN108384585A discloses a kind of confession thermal crackers of tar in biomass fluid bed gasification combustible gas, including gas inlet pipe, cracking chamber, gas distribution pipe, heat storage, burner, controller, three motor-driven valves, gas outlet pipe, two thermocouples ; Wherein, heat storage, burner, controller, two motor-driven valves, thermocouple form a control system, control the temperature of heat storage ; Gas distribution pipe, controller, a thermocouple, a motor-driven valve form a control system, the temperature of control cracking chamber. CN103146432A discloses a biomass pyrolysis gasification and tar catalytic cracking device and method and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization.
The existing methods lack in the invention as the existing inventions are not able to overcome the problem associated with the removal of tar vapours and the problems associated with the functioning of an engine that is damaged by the presence of tar in producer gas. Thus there is a need for the present invention to overcome the above mention problems.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
The main objective of the present invention is to develop a biomass gasifier system for power generation.
Another objective of the present invention is to develop an easy and cost-effective system to provide high-quality producer gas.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to eliminate tar in the production of producer gas.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to effectively help the user.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a cleaner fuel for operating IC engines.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a system that can provide energy access to the remote and economically deprived populations that can uplift the economic status.
Further objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided herein below, in which various embodiments of the disclosed invention are illustrated by way of example. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gasifier system for biomass power generation. The present invention includes a triple reactor gasifier, an ash collector, a fuel hopper, a primary gas cooling unit, a primary producer gas pipe, a hot air distributor, a secondary producer gas pipe, a secondary gas cooling unit, an evaporative cooler, a cartridge filter pipe, a cartridge filter, a air-fuel mixture pipe, an air-fuel mixing unit, an air filter, an IC engine, an electric power generator. Herein the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar. The triple reactor gasifier includes a pyrolyzer zone, a gasification reactor zone, and a tar cracker zone. The gasification reactor zone generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone. The tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone. Herein, the pyrolyzer zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs the pyrolysis of biomass. Herein, the gasification reactor zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas. Herein, in the tar cracker zone, tar is being eliminated from the producer gas. The ash collector is attached below the tar cracker zone and collects ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone. Herein, the ash collector collects the residual ash after the conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the triple reactor gasifier. The fuel hopper is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier in order to pour biomass into the triple reactor gasifier. The primary gas cooling unit includes a blower that is used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit. The primary producer gas pipe connects the primary gas cooling unit to the tar cracker zone of the triple reactor gasifier in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit. The hot air distributor is connected to the primary gas cooling unit. The hot air distributor includes a pyrolyzer hot air pipe, a gasification hot air pipe, and a tar cracker hot air pipe. The pyrolyzer hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the pyrolyzer zone. The gasification hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the gasification reactor zone. The tar cracker hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the tar cracker zone. Herein, the blower is used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit. Herein, the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and becomes hot air. Herein, the hot air distributor supplies the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone, the gasification reactor zone and the tar cracker zone from the primary gas cooling unit through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe, the gasification hot air pipe and the tar cracker hot air pipe respectively. The secondary gas cooling unit is connected to the primary gas cooling unit through the secondary producer gas pipe in order to send the producer gas to the second gas cooling unit from the primary gas cooling unit. The evaporative cooler is connected to the second gas cooling unit through a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe. Herein, the secondary gas cooling unit reduces the temperature of producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit by using water. Herein, the evaporative cooler cools the water supplied to the second gas cooling unit that is being used to reduce the temperature of the producer gas. The cartridge filter is connected to the second gas cooling unit through the cartridge filter pipe and the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas. The air-fuel mixing unit is connected to the cartridge filter through the air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion. The air filter is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit to filter the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas. The IC engine is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit and bums a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque. The electric power generator is connected to the IC engine that uses mechanical torque for electricity generation. Herein, the IC engine and the electric power generator coupled with an alternator for power generation.
The main advantage of the present invention is to develop a biomass gasifier system for power generation.
Another advantage of the present invention is to develop an easy and cost- effective system to provide high-quality producer gas. Yet another advantage of the present invention is to eliminate tar in the production of producer gas.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is to effectively help the user.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide a cleaner fuel for operating IC engines.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide a system that can provide energy access to the remote and economically deprived populations that can uplift the economic status.
Further objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided herein below, in which various embodiments of the disclosed invention are illustrated by way of example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification to provide a further understanding of the invention. The drawings illustrate one embodiment of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig.l illustrates the isometric view of the block diagram of the present invention. Fig.3 illustrates the top view of the block diagram of the present invention.
Fig.3 illustrates the line diagram of the triple reactor gasifier.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definition
The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or as more than one. The term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two as or more than two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically.
The term “comprising” is not intended to limit inventions to only claiming the present invention with such comprising language. Any invention using the term comprising could be separated into one or more claims using “consisting” or “consisting of’ claim language and is so intended. The term “comprising” is used interchangeably used by the terms “having” or “containing”.
Reference throughout this document to “one embodiment”, “certain embodiments”, “an embodiment”, “another embodiment”, and “yet another embodiment” or similar terms means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of such phrases or in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics are combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments without limitation.
The term “or” as used herein is to be interpreted as an inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means any of the following: “A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C”. An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive.
As used herein, the term "one or more" generally refers to, but not limited to, singular as well as the plural form of the term.
The drawings featured in the figures are to illustrate certain convenient embodiments of the present invention and are not to be considered as a limitation to that. Term "means" preceding a present participle of an operation indicates a desired function for which there is one or more embodiments, i.e., one or more methods, devices, or apparatuses for achieving the desired function and that one skilled in the art could select from these or their equivalent in view of the disclosure herein and use of the term "means" is not intended to be limiting.
Fig 1. Illustrates an isometric view of a block diagram of a system(lOO). The system(lOO) includes a triple reactor gasifier(104), an ash collector(112), a fuel hopper(114), a primary gas cooling unit(116), a primary producer gas pipe(120), a hot air distributor(122), a secondary producer gas pipe(142), a secondary gas cooling unit(130), an evaporative cooler(102), a cartridge filter pipe(148), a cartridge filter(132),a air-fuel mixture pipe(150), an air-fuel mixing unit(134),an air filter(136), an IC engine(138), an electric power generator(140). The ash collector(112) is attached below the tar cracker zone(HO). The fuel hopper(114) is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier(104). The primary gas cooling unit(116) includes a blower(118). The primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the triple reactor gasifier(104) in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone(HO) to the primary gas cooling unit(116). The hot air distributor(122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116). The secondary gas cooling unit(130) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142). The evaporative cooler(102) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through a hot water pipe (144) and a cold water pipe (146). The cartridge filter(132) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through the cartridge filter pipe(148). The air-fuel mixing unit(134) is connected to the cartridge filter(132) through an air-fuel mixture pipe(150). The air filter(136) is connected to the air- fuel mixing unit(134). The IC engine(138) is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit(134). Theelectric power generator(140) is connected to the IC engine(138).
Fig.2. Illustrates a top view of a block diagram of a system(lOO). The system(lOO) includes a triple reactor gasifier(104), an ash collector(112), a fuel hopper(114), a primary gas cooling unit(116), a primary producer gas pipe(120), a hot air distributor(122), a secondary producer gas pipe(142), a secondary gas cooling unit(130), an evaporative cooler(102), a cartridge filter pipe(148), a cartridge filter(132),a air-fuel mixture pipe(150), an air-fuel mixing unit(134), an air filter(136), an IC engine(138), an electric power generator(140). The ash collector(112) is attached below the tar cracker zone(HO). The fuel hopper(114) is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier(104). The primary gas cooling unit(116) includes a blower(118). The primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the triple reactor gasifier(104) in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone(HO) to the primary gas cooling unit(116). The hot air distributor(122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116). The secondary gas cooling unit(130) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142). The evaporative cooler(102) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through a hot water pipe (144) and a cold water pipe (146). The cartridge filter(132) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through the cartridge filter pipe(148). The air-fuel mixing unit(134) is connected to the cartridge filter(132) through an air-fuel mixture pipe(150). The air filter(136) is connected to the air- fuel mixing unit(134). The IC engine(138) is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit(134). Theelectric power generator(140) is connected to the IC engine(138).
Fig.3. Illustrates the top view of a block diagram of a triple reactor gasifier(104). The triple reactor gasifier(104) includes a pyrolyzer zone(106), a gasification reactor zone(108)and a tar cracker zone(HO). A primary gas cooling unit(116) includes a blower(118). A primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the triple reactor gasifier(104). A hot air distributor(122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116). The hot air distributor 122) includes a pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124), a gasification hot air pipe(126), and a tar cracker hot air pipe(128). The pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124) connects the hot air distributor 122) to the pyrolyzer zone(106). The gasification hot air pipe(126) connects the hot air distributor(122) to the gasification reactor zone(108). The tar cracker hot air pipe(128) connects the hot air distributor 122) to the tar cracker zone(l 10). The secondary gas cooling unit(130) (as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.2) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(l 16) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142).
The present invention relates to a gasifier system for power generation from biomass. The present invention includes a triple reactor gasifier, an ash collector, a fuel hopper, a primary gas cooling unit, a primary producer gas pipe, a hot air distributor, a secondary producer gas pipe, a secondary gas cooling unit, an evaporative cooler, a cartridge filter pipe, a cartridge filter, a air- fuel mixture pipe, an air-fuel mixing unit, an air filter, an IC engine, an electric power generator. Herein the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar. The triple reactor gasifier includes a pyrolyzer zone, a gasification reactor zone, and a tar cracker zone. The gasification reactor zone generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone. The tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone. Herein, the pyrolyzer zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs the pyrolysis of biomass. Herein, the gasification reactor zone of the triple reactor gasifier performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas. Herein, in the tar cracker zone, tar is being eliminated from the producer gas. The ash collector is attached below the tar cracker zone and collects ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone. Herein, the ash collector collects the residual ash after the conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the triple reactor gasifier. The fuel hopper is mounted on the triple reactor gasifier in order to pour biomass into the triple reactor gasifier. The primary gas cooling unit includes a blower that is used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit. The primary producer gas pipe connects the primary gas cooling unit to the tar cracker zone of the triple reactor gasifier in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit. The hot air distributor is connected to the primary gas cooling unit. The hot air distributor includes a pyrolyzer hot air pipe, a gasification hot air pipe, and a tar cracker hot air pipe. The pyrolyzer hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the pyrolyzer zone. The gasification hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the gasification reactor zone. The tar cracker hot air pipe connects the hot air distributor to the tar cracker zone. Herein, the blower is used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit. Herein, the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and became a hot air. Herein, the hot air distributor supplies the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone, the gasification reactor zone and the tar cracker zone from the primary gas cooling unit through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe, the gasification hot air pipe and the tar cracker hot air pipe respectively. The secondary gas cooling unit is connected to the primary gas cooling unit through the secondary producer gas pipe in order to send the producer gas to the secondary gas cooling unit from the primary gas cooling unit. The evaporative cooler is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe. Herein, the secondary gas cooling unit reduces the temperature of producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit by using water. Herein, the evaporative cooler cools the water supplied to the secondary gas cooling unit that is being used to reduce the temperature of the producer gas. The cartridge filter is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through the cartridge filter pipe and the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas. The air-fuel mixing unit is connected to the cartridge filter through the air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion. The air filter is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit to filter the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas. The IC engine is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit and bums a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque. The electric power generator is connected to the IC engine that uses mechanical torque for electricity generation. Herein, the IC engine and the electric power generator coupled with an alternator for power generation. In an embodiment, the pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 550 Degree Celsius. In an embodiment, the gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in the high-temperature range of 950 to 1000 Degree Celsius. In an embodiment, the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas in the temperature range of 800-850 Degree Celsius. Herein, the air-fuel mixing unit acts as a gas carburetor and supply the fuel and air mixture in the 1 : 1 proportion for better combustion and efficient operation of an IC engine and the air-fuel mixing unit also ensures a homogeneous mixture for better combustion. In an embodiment, the design parameters are valid to upscale the capacity of the gasifier system at least up to 500 kg/h. In an embodiment, the triple reactor gasifier generates the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1000-1200 kcal/Nm . In the preferred embodiment, the triple reactor gasifier generates the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1250-1500kcal/Nm In an embodiment, the triple reactor gasifier generates the producer gas from all type of biomass selected from wood, crop, etc.
In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a gasifier system for power generation from biomass. The present invention includes one or more triple reactor gasifiers, an ash collector, one or more one fuel hoppers, a primary gas cooling unit, a primary producer gas pipe, one or more one hot air distributors, a secondary producer gas pipe, a secondary gas cooling unit, an evaporative cooler, a cartridge filter pipe, a cartridge filter, a air-fuel mixture pipe, an air-fuel mixing unit, an air filter, one or more one IC engines, one or more one electric power generators. Herein the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar. The one or more triple reactor gasifiers include a pyrolyzer zone, a gasification reactor zone, and a tar cracker zone. The gasification reactor zone generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone. The tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone. Herein, the pyrolyzer zone of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers performs the pyrolysis of biomass. Herein, the gasification reactor zone of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas. Herein, in the tar cracker zone, tar is being eliminated from the producer gas. The ash collector is attached below the tar cracker zone and collets ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone. Herein, the ash collector collects the residual ash after conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers. The one or more one fuel hoppers are mounted on the one or more triple reactor gasifiers in order to pour biomass into the one or more triple reactor gasifiers. The primary gas cooling unit includes one or more blowers that are used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit. The primary producer gas pipe connects the primary gas cooling unit to the tar cracker zone of the one or more triple reactor gasifiers in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit. The one or more hot air distributors are connected to the primary gas cooling unit. The one or more hot air distributors include a pyrolyzer hot air pipe, a gasification hot air pipe, and a tar cracker hot air pipe. The pyrolyzer hot air pipe connects the one or more hot air distributors to the pyrolyzer zone. The gasification hot air pipe connects the one or more hot air distributor to the gasification reactor zone. The tar cracker hot air pipe connects the one or more hot air distributors to the tar cracker zone. Herein, the one or more blowers are used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone to the primary gas cooling unit. Herein, the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and became a hot air. Herein, the one or more hot air distributors supply the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone, the gasification reactor zone and the tar cracker zone from the primary gas cooling unit through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe, the gasification hot air pipe and the tar cracker hot air pipe respectively. The secondary gas cooling unit is connected to the primary gas cooling unit through the secondary producer gas pipe in order to send the producer gas to the secondary gas cooling unit from the primary gas cooling unit. The evaporative cooler is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through a hot water pipe and a cold water pipe. Herein, the secondary gas cooling unit reduces the temperature of producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit by using water. Herein, the evaporative cooler cools the water supplied to the second gas cooling unit that is being used to reduce the temperature of the producer gas. The cartridge filter is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit through the cartridge filter pipe and the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas. The air-fuel mixing unit is connected to the cartridge filter through the air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion. The air filter is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit to filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas. The one or more IC engines are connected to the air- fuel mixing unit and bum a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque. The one or more electric power generators are connected to the one or more IC engines that use mechanical torque for electricity generation. Herein, one or more IC engines and one or more electric power generators are coupled with an alternator for power generation. In an embodiment, the pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 550 Degree Celsius. In an embodiment, the gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in the high-temperature range of 950 to 1000 Degree Celsius. In an embodiment, the tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas in the temperature range of 800-850 Degree Celsius. Herein, the air-fuel mixing unit acts as a gas carburetor and supply the fuel and air mixture in the 1:1 proportion for better combustion and efficient operation of one or more IC engines and the air-fuel mixing unit also ensures a homogeneous mixture for better combustion. In an embodiment, the design parameters are valid to upscale the capacity of the gasifier system at least up to 500 kg/him an embodiment, the one or more triple reactor gasifiers generate the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1000-1200 kcal/Nm . In the preferred embodiment, the one or more triple reactor gasifiers generate the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1250-1500 kcal/Nm In an embodiment, the one or more triple reactor gasifiers generate the producer gas from all type of biomass selected from wood, crop, etc.
In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for biomass power generation, the method having a biomass is filled into a triple reactor gasifier through a fuel hopper; a pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass; a gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in high temperature thus generating a producer gas; a tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas; the producer gas is being sent to a primary gas cooling unit through a primary producer gas pipe, a primary gas cooling unit cools the producer gas with help of ambient air that is being sucked inside the primary gas cooling unit through a blower; the temperature of the producer gas decreases; the producer gas further enters into a secondary gas cooling unit through a secondary producer gas pipe; the secondary gas cooling unit further cools the producer gas with the help of an evaporative cooler; the producer gas enters a cartridge filter from the secondary gas cooling unit through a cartridge filter pipe; the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas; an air-fuel mixture pipe; the producer gas enters into air-fuel mixing unit from the cartridge filter through air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion; an IC engine bums a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque; and an electric power generator uses mechanical torque for electricity generation. Herein, an air filter that is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for biomass power generation, the method having a biomass is filled into one or more triple reactor gasifiers through one or more one fuel hoppers; a pyrolyzer zone performs pyrolysis of biomass; a gasification reactor zone performs gasification of biomass in high temperature thus generating a producer gas; a tar cracker zone eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas; the producer gas is being sent to a primary gas cooling unit through a primary producer gas pipe, a primary gas cooling unit cools the producer gas with help of ambient air that is being sucked inside the primary gas cooling unit through one or more blowers; the temperature of the producer gas decreases; the producer gas further enters into a secondary gas cooling unit through a secondary producer gas pipe; the secondary gas cooling unit further cools the producer gas with the help of an evaporative cooler; the producer gas enters a cartridge filter from the secondary gas cooling unit through a cartridge filter pipe; the cartridge filter is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas; an air-fuel mixture pipe; the producer gas enters into air-fuel mixing unit from the cartridge filter through air-fuel mixture pipe and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion; one or more IC engines burn a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque; one or more electric power generators use mechanical torque for electricity generation.
Herein, an air filter that is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.
Further objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided herein below, in which various embodiments of the disclosed present invention are illustrated by way of example and appropriate reference to accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make modifications resulting in other embodiments employing principles of the present invention without departing from its spirit or characteristics, particularly upon considering the foregoing teachings. Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description or drawings. Consequently, while the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, modifications of structure, sequence, materials and the like apparent to those skilled in the art still fall within the scope of the invention as claimed by the applicant.

Claims

I/WE CLAIM
1. A gasifier system(lOO) for power generation from biomass, the system(lOO) comprising: an at least one triple reactor gasifier(104), the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) having a pyrolyzer zone(106), a gasification reactor zone(108), the gasification reactor zone(108) generates producer gas and attached below the pyrolyzer zone(106), and a tar cracker zone(HO), the tar cracker zone(HO) eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas and attached below the gasification reactor zone(108); an ash collector(112), the ash collector(112)is attached below the tar cracker zone(HO) and collets ash from the bottom portion of the tar cracker zone(l 10); an at least one fuel hopper(114), the at least one fuel hopper(114) is mounted on the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) in order to pour biomass into the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104); a primary gas cooling unit(l 16), the primary gas cooling unit(l 16) having, an at least one blower(118), the at least one blower(118) is used to suck the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit(l 16); a primary producer gas pipe(120), the primary producer gas pipe(120) connects the primary gas cooling unit(116) to the tar cracker zone(HO) of the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104)in order to send hot producer gas from the tar cracker zone(110)to the primary gas cooling unit(116); an at least one hot air distributor(122), the at least one hot air distributor 122) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116), the at least one hot air distributor 122) having a pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124), the pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124) connects the at least one hot air distributor(122) to the pyrolyzer zone(106), a gasification hot air pipe(126), the gasification hot air pipe(126)connects the at least one hot air distributor(122) to the gasification reactor zone(108), and a tar cracker hot air pipe(128), the tar cracker hot air pipe(128)connects the at least one hot air distributor(122) to the tar cracker zone(l 10); a secondary gas cooling unit(130); a secondary producer gas pipe(142), the secondary gas cooling unit(130) is connected to the primary gas cooling unit(116) through the secondary producer gas pipe(142) in order to send the producer gas to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) from the primary gas cooling unit(l 16); a hot water pipe(144); a cold water pipe(146); an evaporative cooler(102), the evaporative cooler(102) is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through the hot water pipe (144) and the cold water pipe (146), in order to cool the water, that is being supplied to the secondary gas cooling unit(130); a cartridge filter pipe(148); a cartridge filter(132), the cartridge filter(132)is connected to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through the cartridge filter pipe(148) and the cartridge filter(132)is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas; a air-fuel mixture pipe(150); an air- fuel mixing unit(134), the air- fuel mixing unit(134) is connected to the cartridge filter(132) through air- fuel mixture pipe(150) and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion; an air filter(136), the air filter(136)is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit(134) to filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas; an at least one IC engine(138), the at least one IC engine(138) is connected to the air- fuel mixing unit(134) and burns a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque; and an at least one electric power generator(140), the at least one electric power generator(140) is connected to the at least one IC engine(138) that uses mechanical torque for electricity generation; wherein, the present invention performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas that is free from tar, wherein, the pyrolyzer zone(106) of the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104)performs the pyrolysis of biomass, wherein, the gasification reactor zone(108) of the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) performs gasification of biomass thus producing the producer gas, wherein, in the tar cracker zone(l 10) of the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) tar is being eliminated from the producer gas, wherein, the ash collector(112)collects the residual ash after conversion of biomass fuel into high-quality producer gas, and ash is removed periodically, depending on the type of biomass and duration of operation of the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104), wherein, the at least one blower(118)is used to blow the ambient air into the primary gas cooling unit(116) in order to cool the hot producer gas that is being sent from the tar cracker zone(l 10) to the primary gas cooling unit(l 16), wherein, the ambient air absorbs the heat of the hot producer gas during the cooling process and became a hot air, wherein, the at least one hot air distributor(122)supplies the hot air to the pyrolyzer zone(106), the gasification reactor zone(108) and the tar cracker zone(HO) from the primary gas cooling unit(l 16)through the pyrolyzer hot air pipe(124), the gasification hot air pipe(126) and the tar cracker hot air pipe(128) respectively, wherein, the secondary gas cooling unit(130) reduces the temperature of the producer gas coming from the primary gas cooling unit(l 16) by using water; wherein, the evaporative cooler(102) cools the water supplied to the secondary gas cooling unit(130) that is being used to reduces the temperature of the producer gas, wherein, the at least one IC engine(138) and the at least one electric power generator(140) coupled with an alternator for the power generator.
2. The system(lOO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolyzer zone(106) performs pyrolysis of biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 550 Degree Celsius.
3. The system(lOO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gasification reactor zone(108) performs gasification of biomass in the high-temperature range of 950 to 1000 Degree Celsius.
4. The system(lOO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tar cracker zone(HO) eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas in the temperature range of 800- 850 Degree Celsius.
5. The system(lOO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air- fuel mixing unit(134) acts as a gas carburetor and supply the fuel and air mixture in the 1 : 1 proportion for a better combustion and efficient operation of the at least one IC engine(138) and the air- fuel mixing unit(134) also ensures a homogeneous mixture for a better combustion.
6. The system(lOO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) generates the producer gas of calorific value in the range of 1250- 1500 kcal/Nm3.
7. The system(lOO) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) generates the producer gas from all type of biomass selected from wood and different types of crop-residues.
8. A method for power generation from biomass, the method comprising: a biomass is filled into an at least one triple reactor gasifier(104) through an at least one fuel hopper(l 14); a pyrolyzer zone(106) performs pyrolysis of biomass; a gasification reactor zone(108) performs gasification of biomass in high temperature thus generating a producer gas; a tar cracker zone(l 10)eliminates the presence of tar in the producer gas; the producer gas is being sent to a primary gas cooling unit(116) through a primary producer gas pipe(120), a primary gas cooling unit(116) cools the producer gas with help of ambient air that is being sucked inside primary gas cooling unit(116) through an at least one blower(118); the temperature of the producer gas decreases; the producer gas further enters into a secondary gas cooling unit(130) through a secondary producer gas pipe(142); the secondary gas cooling unit(130) further cools the producer gas with the help of an evaporative cooler(102); the producer gas enters a cartridge filter(132) from the secondary gas cooling unit(130) through a cartridge filter pipe(148); the cartridge filter(132) is used to remove the fine dust from the producer gas; a air-fuel mixture pipe(150); the producer gas enters into air-fuel mixing unit(134) from the cartridge filter(132) through air-fuel mixture pipe(150) and mixes the producer gas and air in the required proportion; an at least one IC engine(138)mns on a mixture of air and producer gas to generate mechanical torque; an at least one electric power generator(140) uses mechanical torque for electricity generation; wherein, an air filter(136) that is connected to the air-fuel mixing unit(134) filters the fine dust particles present in air before mixing air to the producer gas.
PCT/IN2021/050144 2020-02-19 2021-02-15 A gasifier system for power generation from biomass WO2021165986A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070089367A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-26 Goddard Edward P Multi pass gasifier
US9353321B2 (en) * 2012-04-03 2016-05-31 Frontline Bioenergy, Llc Method and apparatus for reduction of tar in gasification of carbonaceous materials

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070089367A1 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-26 Goddard Edward P Multi pass gasifier
US9353321B2 (en) * 2012-04-03 2016-05-31 Frontline Bioenergy, Llc Method and apparatus for reduction of tar in gasification of carbonaceous materials

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