WO2021164573A1 - 一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021164573A1
WO2021164573A1 PCT/CN2021/075362 CN2021075362W WO2021164573A1 WO 2021164573 A1 WO2021164573 A1 WO 2021164573A1 CN 2021075362 W CN2021075362 W CN 2021075362W WO 2021164573 A1 WO2021164573 A1 WO 2021164573A1
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Prior art keywords
bandwidth
pes
rate
available bandwidth
election
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PCT/CN2021/075362
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邢飞
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP21756692.6A priority Critical patent/EP4092978A4/en
Publication of WO2021164573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021164573A1/zh
Priority to US17/892,307 priority patent/US20220394590A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0896—Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/06—Deflection routing, e.g. hot-potato routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/38—Flow based routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/122—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by diverting traffic away from congested entities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
    • H04L47/806—Broadcast or multicast traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
    • H04L47/822—Collecting or measuring resource availability data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/20—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on geographic position or location
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/40—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of data communication technology, and in particular to an election method and equipment for a designated transponder.
  • the Ethernet virtual private network has gained more and more applications due to its control and forwarding plane separation, flexible deployment, and wide application scenarios.
  • EVPN customer edge (CE) multi-homed and multi-active scenario only one service provider edge (PE) is required to forward broadcast/unknown unicast/multicast to the CE. , BUM) traffic, the selected PE is the designated forwarder (DF), and the process of selecting this PE is the DF election process.
  • CE customer edge
  • BUM service provider edge
  • DF forwarder
  • the DF election mainly has the following two options:
  • DF elects based on the source Internet Protocol (IP) address in the Ethernet segment (ES) routing.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • ES Ethernet segment
  • DF is based on virtual local area network (VLAN) election. According to the formula:
  • V mod N i Calculate the serial number of the PE as the DF.
  • i represents the serial number of the PE
  • N is the number of PEs that are multiplexed to one CE
  • V represents the VLAN ID of the VLAN corresponding to the ES.
  • the present application provides a method and device for selecting a designated forwarder, so as to avoid the problem that the DF election method performed in the prior art may cause heavy load or even overload of traffic on a certain link.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for selecting a designated server, including: a first service provider edge device PE receives bandwidth notification messages sent by other PEs; the first PE and the other PEs and the first user The network edge device CE is connected; the bandwidth notification message contains the bandwidth information of the link between the other PE and the first CE; the first PE is based on the bandwidth information of the other PE and the first PE and the For the bandwidth information of the link between the first CE, a designated forwarder DF is elected among the first PE and the other PEs.
  • the DF can be elected based on the bandwidth information of the link with the first CE, so that the DF election process can take into account the link bandwidth information,
  • the election results of DF can be loaded on different links, which can avoid link overload or overload.
  • the first PE performs the processing between the first PE and the first CE according to the bandwidth information of the other PEs and the bandwidth information of the link between the first PE and the first CE.
  • Electing the DF among other PEs includes: the first PE selects the PE with the largest available bandwidth or the largest available bandwidth rate as the DF among the first PE and the other PEs; or, the first PE is in the first PE and the other PE.
  • the PE with the smallest bandwidth ratio is selected as the DF; or, the first PE is among the first PE and the other PEs, according to the other PE and the first PE
  • the size of the available bandwidth or available bandwidth rate is selected for different virtual local area network VLANs or DFs for different Ethernet virtual private network EVPN instances; among them, the greater the available bandwidth or available bandwidth rate, the greater the number of VLANs or EVPNs used by the DF Large; or, among the first PE and the other PEs, the first PE is elected to be used in a different VLAN or used in a different EVPN according to the bandwidth ratios of the other PEs and the first PE
  • the first PE is selected according to the available bandwidth or the available bandwidth rate of the other PE and the first PE.
  • the DF used for different virtual local area network VLANs or different Ethernet virtual private network EVPN instances includes: the first PE is among the first PE and the other PEs, according to the difference between the other PEs and the first PE The ratio of the available bandwidth or the available bandwidth rate determines the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as DF; or, the first PE is among the first PE and the other PEs, According to the bandwidth rates of the other PEs and the first PE, elect DFs for different VLANs or for different EVPN instances, including: the first PE is between the first PE and the other PEs Wherein, the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF is determined according to the ratio of the bandwidth usage rates of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the DF when electing a DF for a VLAN or EVPN instance, the DF can be elected according to the ratio of the available bandwidth of the PE, the ratio of the available bandwidth, or the ratio of the used bandwidth, which can make the load of the elected DF lower and can Effectively avoid link overload or overload.
  • the available bandwidth may be any one of the following: average available bandwidth and least available bandwidth.
  • the election can be based on the average available bandwidth or the least available bandwidth of the PE.
  • the available bandwidth rate may be any one of the following: an average available bandwidth rate and a minimum available bandwidth rate.
  • the election can be based on the average bandwidth usage rate or the peak bandwidth usage rate of the PE.
  • the bandwidth usage rate may be any one of the following: an average bandwidth usage rate and a peak bandwidth usage rate.
  • the election can be based on the average bandwidth usage rate or the peak bandwidth usage rate of the PE.
  • the bandwidth notification message is a route update message.
  • the bandwidth information includes some or all of the following: link bandwidth, average use bandwidth, and peak use bandwidth.
  • the average bandwidth usage rate, peak usage bandwidth rate, average available bandwidth, and average available bandwidth rate can be calculated according to the bandwidth information of the PE, which can be used for DF election.
  • the first PE performs the processing between the first PE and the first CE according to the bandwidth information of the other PEs and the bandwidth information of the link between the first PE and the first CE.
  • it also includes: if the peak usage bandwidth of the DF is greater than or equal to the first threshold, re-elect DF; and/or re-elect DF every preset period; and/or if all If the peak bandwidth usage rate of the DF is greater than or equal to the second threshold, then the DF election will be performed again; and/or if the available bandwidth rate of the DF is less than or equal to the third threshold, then the DF election will be performed again; and/or if If the available bandwidth of the DF is less than or equal to the fourth threshold, the DF election is performed again.
  • the DF election when the load of the elected DF is high, in order to avoid overloading or overloading of the link, the DF election can be re-elected; or the DF election can be re-elected periodically to further avoid link re-election. Load or overload.
  • the method further includes: if the DF election penalty value is greater than or equal to the penalty threshold, stopping the DF election; the DF election penalty value is positively correlated with the number of DF elections, and negatively correlated with time ; If the DF election disciplinary value is less than the disciplinary threshold, the DF election is resumed.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an election device for a designated transponder, including:
  • the transceiver unit is configured to receive a bandwidth notification message sent by another service provider edge device PE; the first PE and the other PE are connected to the first user network edge device CE; the bandwidth notification message includes the other PE Bandwidth information of the link with the first CE;
  • the processing unit is configured to elect a designated forwarder DF among the first PE and the other PEs according to the bandwidth information of the other PEs and the bandwidth information of the link between the first PE and the first CE.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: among the first PE and the other PEs, select the PE with the largest available bandwidth or the largest available bandwidth rate as the DF; or, in the first PE and the other PEs, Among the PE and the other PEs, the PE with the smallest bandwidth ratio is selected as the DF; or, among the first PE and the other PEs, according to the available bandwidth or the available bandwidth of the other PE and the first PE Select the DF used for different virtual local area network VLANs or different Ethernet virtual private network EVPN instances; among them, the greater the available bandwidth or the greater the available bandwidth rate, the greater the number of VLANs or EVPNs used by the DF; or, Among the first PE and the other PEs, according to the usage bandwidth rates of the other PEs and the first PE, elect DFs for different VLANs or different EVPN instances; wherein, the smaller the usage bandwidth rate is The greater the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by the DF; where the available bandwidth, the available bandwidth rate, and the
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: in the first PE and the other PEs, according to the ratio of the available bandwidth or the available bandwidth rate of the other PE and the first PE Determine the proportion of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as DF; or, among the first PE and the other PEs, according to the usage of the other PEs and the first PE The ratio of the bandwidth rate determines the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF.
  • the available bandwidth may be any one of the following: average available bandwidth and least available bandwidth.
  • the available bandwidth rate may be any one of the following: average available bandwidth rate, minimum available bandwidth rate.
  • the bandwidth usage rate may be any one of the following: an average bandwidth usage rate and a peak bandwidth usage rate.
  • the bandwidth notification message is a route update message.
  • the bandwidth information includes part or all of the following: link bandwidth, average usage bandwidth, and peak usage bandwidth.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: according to the bandwidth information of the other PEs and the bandwidth information of the link between the first PE and the first CE, perform the processing on the first PE After the election of the DF among the other PEs, if the peak usage bandwidth of the DF is greater than or equal to the first threshold, then the DF election is re-elected; and/or, the DF election is re-elected every preset period; and/or, if all If the peak bandwidth usage rate of the DF is greater than or equal to the second threshold, then the DF election will be performed again; and/or if the available bandwidth rate of the DF is less than or equal to the third threshold, then the DF election will be performed again; and/or if If the available bandwidth of the DF is less than or equal to the fourth threshold, the DF election is performed again.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: if the DF election penalty value is greater than or equal to the penalty threshold, stop DF election; the DF election penalty value is positively correlated with the number of DF elections, and is related to time Negative correlation; if the DF election disciplinary value is less than the disciplinary threshold, the DF election is resumed.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a designated transponder election device, which can be used to perform the operations in the first aspect and any possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • the device may include modules or units for performing the operations in the foregoing first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • it includes a processing unit and a transceiver unit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, including a processor, and optionally a memory; wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the The election device of the designated transponder of the chip system executes the foregoing first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes: computer program code, when the computer program code is run by the communication unit, processing unit or transceiver, or processor of the election device of the designated transponder , So that the election device of the designated transponder executes the foregoing first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a program, and the program enables the election device of the designated transponder to execute the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect Any method in.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of DF election provided by this application.
  • Figure 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of DF election in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is one of the schematic diagrams of DF election in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary flowchart of the DF election method provided by this application.
  • Figure 5 is one of the schematic diagrams of DF election equipment provided by this application.
  • Figure 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the DF election device provided by this application.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to DF selection in CE dual-homing, multi-homing, or multi-active scenarios.
  • the CE dual-homing scenario is taken as an example for description without loss of generality.
  • the remote CE101 is connected to the remote PE102.
  • PE1 (103) and PE2 (104) are connected to remote PE102.
  • CE105 is dual homed to PE1 (103) and PE2 (104).
  • PE1 (103) and PE2 (104) only one PE is needed to forward BUM traffic to CE105.
  • the PE that forwards the BUM traffic is selected as the DF, and the process of selecting this PE is the DF election process.
  • the remote PE102 or PE1 (103) or PE2 (104) is also called a PE router, which may be an edge router of the service provider's backbone network, which is equivalent to a label edge router.
  • the user's traffic flows into the user network through the PE, or flows into the multi-protocol label switching (multiple prtotocol label switching, MPLS) backbone network through the PE.
  • MPLS multi-protocol label switching
  • the remote CE101 or CE105 is also called a CE router, and it can be a user-side router.
  • the CE connects one or more PEs to provide users with service access.
  • the CE router is usually an IP router, which establishes an adjacency relationship with the connected PE router.
  • PE1 (103) and PE2 (104) may also be connected to a controller, which is not shown in the figure.
  • the controller can be a related component or server that obtains link bandwidth information, and can include a simple network management protocol (SNMP) component/server, a network analysis (Netstream) component/server, and a telemetry (Telemetry) component /Server, software defined network (software defined network, SDN) controller, etc.
  • SNMP simple network management protocol
  • Network network analysis
  • Telemetry Telemetry
  • SDN software defined network
  • the link between PE1 and CE has 500M service traffic, and the link between PE2 and CE has 100M service traffic.
  • There are multiple EVPN instances in the link and DF needs to be elected for each EVPN.
  • PE1 with the smaller source IP address is selected as the DF among PE1 and PE2. According to this DF election method, even if there are multiple EVPN instances in the link, PE1 will always be elected as the DF.
  • this election method may cause the PE1 link to be overloaded or even overloaded.
  • i represents the serial number of the PE
  • N is the number of PEs that are multi-homed to the same CE
  • V represents the VLAN ID of the VLAN corresponding to the ES.
  • PE1 is used as a DF to forward the BUM traffic of VLAN1
  • PE2 is to forward the BUM traffic of VLAN2.
  • this DF election method still does not consider the actual use of link bandwidth, and cannot completely avoid traffic overload or even overload on a certain link.
  • PE2 can be used as a DF to forward the BUM traffic of VLAN1 and VLAN2 at the same time to avoid overloading of PE1. .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for selecting a designated transponder to avoid overloading or even overloading of the selected DF.
  • the embodiments of the present application are described in detail by taking the dual return of CE to PE as an example. It is understandable that the multi-home or multi-live scenario can elect the DF based on the same technical solution, which is not limited in this application.
  • Fig. 4 is an exemplary flowchart of a method for selecting a designated transponder provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, the method may include the following steps:
  • Step 401 The first PE receives bandwidth notification messages sent by other PEs.
  • the first PE and other PEs here are connected to the first CE.
  • PE103 may be the first PE
  • PE104 may be other PEs
  • CE105 may be the first CE.
  • the bandwidth notification message includes bandwidth information of the link between the other PE and the first CE.
  • PE104 sends a bandwidth notification message to PE103, which contains the bandwidth information of the link between PE104 and CE105;
  • PE103 can also send a bandwidth notification message to PE104, which contains the information of the link between PE103 and CE105. Bandwidth information.
  • the bandwidth notification message may be a newly added message, or may also be an existing message.
  • the bandwidth notification message may be a route update message, which may carry bandwidth information in an undefined field of the route update message, or may also carry bandwidth information in a newly added field in the route update message.
  • the bandwidth notification message can also be carried in the route update message.
  • Link bandwidth (LB), cycle (cycle, Cyc), average use bandwidth (average rate, AR), or peak use bandwidth (peak rate, PR).
  • the average bandwidth used here refers to the average bandwidth used during the period, and the peak bandwidth used can be the peak bandwidth used during the period.
  • the period can be 10s, 20s, etc., and can be preset according to empirical values.
  • Step 402 The first PE elects a DF among the first PE and the other PEs according to the bandwidth information of the other PEs and the bandwidth information of the link between the first PE and the first CE.
  • a scenario where CE is dual homed to PE is used as an example to explain in detail the method of electing DF among the first PE and other PEs based on bandwidth information. It should be noted that the same method can be used to elect the DF in the scenario of multiple CEs and multiple livelihoods.
  • the PEs connected to the CE include PE1 and PE2, then the DF of the VLAN or EVPN instance is elected in PE1 and PE2, specifically including the following method 1 to method 8:
  • Method 1 Compare the average available bandwidth or average available bandwidth rate of the first PE and other PEs.
  • the PE with the largest average available bandwidth is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, and the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 500M.
  • the PE with the largest average available bandwidth rate is elected as the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1200M, and the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M.
  • the greater the average available bandwidth the greater the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M
  • the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 1300M
  • PE1 can be elected as the DF of two of the three EVPN instances, such as the DF of EVPN1 and EVPN2, and PE2 can be elected as the DF of the remaining EVPN instance, such as the DF of EVPN3.
  • PE1 can be elected as the DF of two of the three EVPN instances, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining EVPN instance is forwarded by PE1, and the other part of the BUM traffic is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the average available bandwidth of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the average available bandwidth of each PE elected as the DF may be determined as the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE may be similar to the ratio of the average available bandwidth of each PE.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1100M, and the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 200M. In the bandwidth information of PE1, the link bandwidth is 800M, and the average used bandwidth is 500M.
  • the ratio of the average available bandwidth of PE1 and PE2 is 1:3, and PE1 and PE2 are used respectively
  • the ratio of the number of EVPN instances is also 1:3, that is, PE1 is elected as the DF of one EVPN instance among the four EVPN instances, and PE2 is elected as the DF of the remaining three EVPN instances.
  • the VLAN or EVPN instances used by the PEs can be made The ratio of the number is approximate to the ratio of the average available bandwidth of each PE.
  • PE1 can be elected as the DF of 2 of the 9 EVPN instances, and PE2 can be elected as the remaining 7 EVPNs.
  • the DF of the instance if the ratio of the average available bandwidth of PE1 to PE2 is 1:3, and the total number of EVPN instances is 9, PE1 can be elected as the DF of 2 of the 9 EVPN instances, and PE2 can be elected as the remaining 7 EVPNs.
  • the DF of the instance For example, if the ratio of the average available bandwidth of PE1 to PE2 is 1:3, and the total number of EVPN instances is 9, PE1 can be elected as the DF of 2 of the 9 EVPN instances, and PE2 can be elected as the remaining 7 EVPNs. The DF of the instance.
  • the greater the average available bandwidth rate the greater the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, and the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the average available bandwidth rate of PE1 is greater than that of PE2, so PE1 can be elected as the DF of two of the three EVPN instances, such as the DF of EVPN1 and EVPN2, and PE2 can be elected as the DF of the remaining EVPN instance, such as the DF of EVPN3. .
  • PE1 can be elected as the DF of two of the three EVPN instances, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining EVPN instance is forwarded by PE1, and the other part of the BUM traffic is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the average available bandwidth rate of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the average available bandwidth rate of each PE elected as the DF may be determined as the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE may be similar to the ratio of the average available bandwidth rate of each PE.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1100M, and the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 200M. In the bandwidth information of PE1, the link bandwidth is 800M, and the average used bandwidth is 500M.
  • the average available bandwidth ratio of PE1 is (800M-500M)/800M ⁇ 0.4
  • the average available bandwidth ratio of PE2 is (1100M-200M)/1100M ⁇ 0.8
  • the ratio of the available bandwidth ratios of PE1 and PE2 is 1:2
  • the ratio of the number of EVPN instances used by PE1 and PE2 is also 1:2, that is, PE1 is elected as the DF of one EVPN instance among the three EVPN instances, and PE2 is elected as the DF of the remaining two EVPN instances.
  • Method 2 Compare the least available bandwidth or least available bandwidth rate of the first PE and other PEs.
  • the PE with the smallest available bandwidth and the largest bandwidth is elected as the DF.
  • PE1 receives the route update message of PE2
  • the link bandwidth of the link where PE2 is located is 1000M
  • the periodic link peak usage bandwidth of the link where PE2 is located is 450M
  • PE2 receives the route update message from PE1
  • the link bandwidth of the link where PE1 is located is 1200M
  • the peak periodic link bandwidth of the link where PE1 is located is 500M. It can be seen that the minimum available bandwidth of the periodic link of PE1 is 700M, and the minimum available bandwidth of the periodic link of PE2 is 550M, so PE1 is elected as the DF of EVPN1.
  • the PE with the least available bandwidth and the largest rate is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the route update message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, and the peak usage bandwidth of PE2 is 200M.
  • the link bandwidth is 1200M, and the peak usage bandwidth is 500M.
  • the greater the minimum available bandwidth the greater the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used.
  • the DFs of VLAN 1, VLAN 2, and VLAN 3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, and the peak usage bandwidth of PE2 is 200M.
  • the link bandwidth is 1200M, and the peak usage bandwidth is 500M.
  • the minimum available bandwidth of PE1 is greater than that of PE2. Therefore, PE1 can be elected as the DF of two of the three VLANs, such as the DF of VLAN1 and VLAN2, and PE2 can be elected as the DF of the remaining VLAN, such as the DF of VLAN3.
  • PE1 can also be elected as the DF of two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining one VLAN is forwarded by PE1, and the other part of BUM traffic is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the least available bandwidth of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the proportion of the least available bandwidth of the PEs elected as the DF may be determined as the proportion of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances respectively used by the PEs.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE may be similar to the ratio of the least available bandwidth of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1100M, and the peak usage bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the bandwidth information of PE1 the link bandwidth is 1200M, and the peak usage bandwidth is 600M.
  • the ratio of the minimum available bandwidth of PE1 and PE2 is 2:1, which can make PE1 and PE2 If the ratio of the number of VLANs served respectively is 2:1, PE1 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and PE2 can be elected as the DF for the remaining one VLAN.
  • the greater the minimum available bandwidth rate the greater the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1100M, and the peak usage bandwidth of PE2 is 200M.
  • the link bandwidth is 1200M, and the peak usage bandwidth is 500M.
  • the minimum available bandwidth rate of PE2 is greater than the minimum available bandwidth rate of PE1, so PE2 can be elected as the DF for three VLANs, or PE2 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, such as VLAN1 and VLAN2, and PE1 can be elected as The DF of the remaining VLAN, such as VLAN3.
  • PE2 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the least available bandwidth rate of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the least available bandwidth rate of each PE elected as a DF may be determined as the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE may be similar to the ratio of the least available bandwidth rate of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, and the peak usage bandwidth of PE2 is 600M.
  • the ratio of the least available bandwidth ratio of PE1 and PE2 is 1:2, then the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 can be 1:2, that is, PE1 can be elected as the DF of one of the three VLANs. , Elect PE2 as the DF of the remaining two VLANs.
  • Method 3 Compare the average used bandwidth or average used bandwidth rate of the first PE and other PEs.
  • the PE with the smallest average bandwidth usage is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 500M, and the average used bandwidth in the bandwidth information of PE1 is 300M.
  • the average used bandwidth of PE1 is less than the average used bandwidth of PE2, and PE1 is elected as the DF of VLAN1.
  • the PE with the smallest average bandwidth usage rate is elected as the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, and the average used bandwidth is 500M.
  • the average used bandwidth rate of PE1 is less than the average used bandwidth rate of PE2, and PE1 is elected as the DF of VLAN1 and VLAN2.
  • the smaller the average bandwidth used the greater the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M, and the average used bandwidth in the bandwidth information of PE1 is 200M. Therefore, PE1 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, such as VLAN1 and VLAN2, and PE2 can be elected as the DF for the remaining VLAN, such as VLAN3.
  • PE1 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the average bandwidth used by the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined as the inverse of the ratio of the average bandwidth used by each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined as an approximate value of the opposite of the ratio of the average bandwidth used by each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, VLAN3, and VLAN4 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 600M, and the average used bandwidth in the bandwidth information of PE1 is 200M.
  • the ratio of the average bandwidth used by PE1 and PE2 is 1:3, so the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 can be made 3:1, that is, PE1 is elected as the DF of three of the four VLANs.
  • Elect PE2 as the DF of the remaining VLAN.
  • PE1 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M, and the bandwidth information of PE1 includes the link bandwidth of 1000M and the average used bandwidth of 200M.
  • PE1 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the average bandwidth usage rate of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may be determined as the inverse of the ratio of the average bandwidth usage of each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined as an approximate value of the inverse of the ratio of the average bandwidth usage of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, VLAN3, VLAN4, and VLAN5 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M, and the bandwidth information of PE1 includes the link bandwidth of 1000M and the average used bandwidth of 200M.
  • the ratio of the average bandwidth usage of PE1 and PE2 is 1:4, so the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 is 4:1, that is, PE1 is elected as the DF of 4 VLANs out of 5 VLANs.
  • Elect PE2 as the DF of the remaining VLAN.
  • Method 4 Compare the peak usage bandwidth or peak usage bandwidth ratio of the first PE and other PEs.
  • the bandwidth information includes the peak usage bandwidth
  • the PE with the smallest peak usage bandwidth is used as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 1200M, and the peak used bandwidth in the bandwidth information of PE1 is 800M. Then, PE1 can be elected as the DF of VLAN1.
  • the PE with the smallest peak usage bandwidth rate is used as the DF.
  • DFs for different VLANs or EVPN instances are selected according to the size of the peak usage bandwidth of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the smaller the peak usage bandwidth the larger the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M, and the peak used bandwidth in the bandwidth information of PE1 is 200M. Therefore, PE1 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, such as VLAN1 and VLAN2, and PE2 can be elected as the DF for the remaining VLAN, such as VLAN3.
  • PE1 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the peak usage bandwidth of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may be determined to be the inverse of the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage of each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may be determined as an approximate value of the opposite of the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth in the bandwidth information of PE1 is 200M.
  • the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage of PE1 and PE2 is 1:2, so the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 can be made 2:1, that is, PE1 is elected as the DF of two of the three VLANs.
  • Elect PE2 as the DF of the remaining VLAN.
  • DFs for different VLANs or EVPN instances are selected according to the peak bandwidth usage rates of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • PE1 can be elected as the DF for the three VLANs, or PE1 can be elected as the DF for two VLANs in the three VLANs, such as VLAN 1 and VLAN 2, and PE2 can be elected as the DF for the remaining VLAN, such as VLAN 3.
  • PE1 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage rates of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined to be the inverse of the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage rate of each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined as an approximate value of the inverse of the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage rate of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, the peak usage bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, the link bandwidth of PE1 is 1000M, and the peak usage bandwidth is 200M in the bandwidth information of PE1.
  • the ratio of the peak bandwidth usage of PE1 and PE2 is 1:2, so the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 can be made 2:1, that is, PE1 is elected as the DF of two of the three VLANs. , Election PE2 as the DF of the remaining VLAN.
  • Method 5 The average available bandwidth and the least available bandwidth of the first PE and other PEs are used as a reference.
  • the average available bandwidth and the minimum available bandwidth can be calculated according to weights to obtain reference values.
  • the weights of the average available bandwidth and the least available bandwidth may be predetermined according to empirical values, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the PE with the largest reference value is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 800M
  • the average used bandwidth is 450M
  • the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth is 0.6
  • DFs for different VLANs or EVPN instances are selected according to the size of the reference values of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the greater the reference value the greater the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • the DFs of EVPN1, EVPN2, and EVPN3 are elected among PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the bandwidth information of PE1 the link bandwidth is 800M, the average used bandwidth is 450M, and the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth is 0.6
  • the reference value of PE2 is greater than the reference value of PE1. Therefore, PE2 can be elected as the DF of two EVPN instances of the three EVPN instances, such as EVPN1 and EVPN2, and PE1 can be elected as the DF of the remaining EVPN instance, for example, EVPN3.
  • PE2 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three EVPN instances, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining EVPN instance is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the reference value of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the reference value selected as the DF may be determined as the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE may be similar to the ratio of the reference value of each PE.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1000M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 1000M
  • the average used bandwidth is 400M
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth is 0.6
  • the ratio of the reference values of PE1 and PE2 is approximately 1:1, so that the ratio of the number of EVPN instances served by PE1 and PE2 can be 1:1, that is, PE1 can be elected as the DF for two of the four EVPN instances. , Elect PE2 as the DF of the remaining two EVPN instances.
  • Method 6 The average available bandwidth rate and the least available bandwidth rate of the first PE and other PEs are used as a reference.
  • the average available bandwidth rate and the minimum available bandwidth rate can be calculated according to weights to obtain reference values.
  • the weights of the average available bandwidth rate and the minimum available bandwidth rate may be predetermined according to empirical values, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the PE with the largest reference value is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 800M
  • the average used bandwidth is 450M
  • the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth rate is 0.6
  • the greater the reference value the greater the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the bandwidth notification message of PE1 the link bandwidth is 800M, the average used bandwidth is 450M, and the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth rate is 0.6
  • the weight of the least available bandwidth rate is 0.4.
  • the reference value of PE2 is greater than the reference value of PE1. Therefore, PE2 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs and PE1 as the DF for the remaining VLAN.
  • PE2 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the reference value of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the reference value selected as the DF may be determined as the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by each PE may be similar to the ratio of the reference value of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 800M
  • the average used bandwidth is 450M
  • the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth rate is 0.6
  • the ratio of the reference value of PE2 and PE1 is approximately 2:1, so the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 can be made 2:1. That is, PE2 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and PE1 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs. The DF of the remaining VLAN.
  • Method 7 The average usage bandwidth and peak usage bandwidth of the first PE and other PEs are used as a reference.
  • the average used bandwidth and the peak used bandwidth can be calculated according to weights to obtain reference values.
  • the weights of the average used bandwidth and the peak used bandwidth may be predetermined according to empirical values, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the PE with the smallest reference value is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the bandwidth information of PE1 the average used bandwidth is 450M, and the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • DFs for different VLANs or EVPN instances are selected according to the size of the reference value of the first PE and other PEs.
  • the smaller the reference value the larger the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the bandwidth information of PE1 the average used bandwidth is 450M, and the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the reference value of PE2 is less than the reference value of PE1, so PE2 can be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and PE1 can be elected as the DF for the remaining VLAN.
  • PE2 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the reference value of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may be determined to be the inverse of the ratio of the reference value of each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined as an approximate value of the opposite of the ratio of the reference value of each PE.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the bandwidth information of PE1 the average used bandwidth is 450M, and the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the ratio of the reference value of PE1 and PE2 is approximately 1:1, so the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE1 and PE2 can be made 1:1, that is, PE1 can be elected as the DF of one of the two VLANs, and PE2 can be elected As the DF of the remaining VLAN.
  • Method 8 The average used bandwidth rate and the peak used bandwidth rate of the first PE and other PEs are used as a reference.
  • the average bandwidth usage rate and the peak usage bandwidth rate can be calculated according to weights to obtain reference values.
  • the weights of the average bandwidth usage rate and the peak usage bandwidth rate may be predetermined according to empirical values, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the PE with the smallest reference value is elected as the DF.
  • the PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 800M
  • the average used bandwidth is 450M
  • DFs for different VLANs or EVPN instances are selected according to the size of the reference value of the first PE and other PEs.
  • the smaller the reference value the larger the number of VLAN or EVPN instances used by the DF.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 800M
  • the average used bandwidth is 450M
  • PE2 can also be elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and part of the BUM traffic of the remaining VLAN is forwarded by PE1 and the other part is forwarded by PE2.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may also be determined according to the ratio of the reference value of the other PEs and the first PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as a DF may be determined to be the inverse of the ratio of the reference value of each PE.
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs or EVPN instances used by each PE elected as the DF may be determined as an approximate value of the opposite of the ratio of the reference value of each PE.
  • the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 are elected in PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 receives the bandwidth notification message of PE2, the link bandwidth of PE2 is 1500M, the average used bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, and the peak used bandwidth of PE2 is 800M.
  • the link bandwidth is 800M
  • the average used bandwidth is 450M
  • the peak used bandwidth is 700M.
  • the weight of the average used bandwidth rate is 0.7, and the peak used bandwidth rate is 0.3.
  • the reference value of PE1 and PE2 is approximately 2:1, so PE1 and PE2
  • the ratio of the number of VLANs served by PE2 is 1:2, that is, PE2 is elected as the DF for two of the three VLANs, and PE1 is elected as the DF for the remaining VLAN.
  • the DF can be selected from each PE and used to forward the BUM traffic of the remote CE.
  • the DF election may be re-elected.
  • the specific DF election method refer to the above method 1 to method 8, and the repetition will not be repeated.
  • Condition 1 The peak usage bandwidth of the elected DF is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the first threshold here may be predetermined according to an empirical value, for example, it may be 700M, or 75% of the link bandwidth, etc., which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • PE1 and PE2 are connected to CE1, where PE1 is the DF of EVPN1, and PE2 is the DF of EVPN2. Since the peak bandwidth of PE1 is 880M, which is greater than the first threshold of 700M, it is necessary to re-elect the DFs of EVPN1 and EVPN2.
  • Condition 2 The peak bandwidth usage rate of the elected DF is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
  • the second threshold here may be predetermined according to an empirical value, for example, it may be 0.8, etc., which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • PE1 and PE2 are connected to CE1.
  • Condition 3 The average available bandwidth or the minimum available bandwidth of the elected DF is less than or equal to the fourth threshold.
  • the fourth threshold of the average available bandwidth and the fourth threshold of the least available bandwidth can be the same or different.
  • the fourth threshold of the average available bandwidth can be 800M
  • the fourth threshold of the least available bandwidth can be 500M, or the average available bandwidth.
  • the fourth threshold of the least available bandwidth can both be 500M.
  • PE1 and PE2 are connected to CE1.
  • PE1 is the DF of VLAN1
  • PE2 is the DF of VLAN1 and VLAN2. Since the average available bandwidth of PE2 is 400M, which is less than the fourth threshold of 500M, the DFs of VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3 need to be re-elected.
  • Condition 4 The average available bandwidth rate or the minimum available bandwidth rate of the elected DF is less than or equal to the third threshold.
  • the third threshold of the average available bandwidth rate and the third threshold of the least available bandwidth rate may be the same or different.
  • PE1 and PE2 are connected to CE1.
  • PE1 is the DF of VLAN1
  • Condition 5 The preset period is reached.
  • the preset period here may be predetermined according to empirical values, such as 1 min, or 3 min, 5 h, etc., which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the preset period here may be the same as the period in the bandwidth notification message, or greater than the period in the bandwidth notification message. Wherein, if the preset period is the same as the period in the bandwidth notification message, the bandwidth information in the bandwidth notification message of the current period can be used when the DF election is re-elected. If the preset period is greater than the period in the bandwidth information, the bandwidth information in the latest bandwidth notification message can be used when the DF election is re-elected, or the bandwidth information in all bandwidth notification messages received within the preset period can be used for DF election.
  • the disciplinary threshold is also introduced in the embodiment of this application.
  • the punishment threshold may be predetermined according to experience values, such as 5, 6, etc., which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the DF of the link where the DF is located is re-elected.
  • the DF election penalty value is increased by a preset value, for example, the preset value can be 1, or 2.
  • the DF election penalty value increases with the increase in the number of DF elections, and is negatively correlated with time. For example, if the number of DF elections in 1 hour is 4, the DF election penalty value is 4.
  • the DF election penalty value subtracts the preset value every preset duration. For example, the DF election penalty value is subtracted by 1 every 2h. That is, the DF election penalty value is 3 after 2h, the DF election penalty value is 2 after 4h, and so on. Finally, when the DF election penalty value is 0, the DF election penalty value no longer decreases.
  • the DF election disciplinary value is greater than or equal to the disciplinary threshold, the DF election is stopped; if the DF election disciplinary value is less than the disciplinary threshold, the DF election is resumed.
  • the DF election will be stopped. At this time, when the used bandwidth of the DF is greater than or equal to the preset bandwidth threshold, the DF may not be re-elected. After 2h, the DF election penalty value is 4. At this time, if the used bandwidth of the DF is greater than or equal to the preset bandwidth threshold, the DF can be re-elected.
  • the specific DF election method refer to the above method 1 to method 8, which will not be repeated here.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a designated transponder election device, which includes a processor 500, a memory 501, and a transceiver 502;
  • the processor 500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 501 can store data used by the processor 500 when performing operations.
  • the transceiver 502 is used to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 500.
  • the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges. Specifically, one or more processors represented by the processor 500 and various circuits of the memory represented by the memory 501 are linked together.
  • the bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., which are all known in the art, and therefore, will not be further described in this article.
  • the bus interface provides the interface.
  • the processor 500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 501 can store data used by the processor 500 when performing operations.
  • the process disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to the processor 500 or implemented by the processor 500.
  • each step of the signal processing flow can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 500 or instructions in the form of software.
  • the processor 500 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, and can implement or execute the The disclosed methods, steps and logic block diagrams.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 501, and the processor 500 reads the information in the memory 501 and completes the steps of the designated transponder election process in combination with its hardware.
  • the transceiver 502 is configured to receive a bandwidth notification message sent by another service provider edge device PE; the first PE and the other PE are connected to the first user network edge device CE; the bandwidth notification message includes all The bandwidth information of the link between the other PE and the first CE;
  • the processor 500 is configured to read the program in the memory 501 and execute the election method of the designated transponder in the embodiment of the present application. For the bandwidth information of the link, the designated forwarder DF is elected among the first PE and the other PEs.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of an election device 600 that designates a repeater.
  • the device 600 may be used to implement the method described in the foregoing method embodiment, and reference may be made to the description in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the device 600 may be a chip, a network device (such as a base station), a terminal device or other network devices, etc.
  • the device 600 includes one or more processors 601.
  • the processor 601 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor.
  • it can be a baseband processor or a central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data
  • the central processor can be used to control devices (such as base stations, terminals, or chips, etc.), execute software programs, and process data in the software programs.
  • the device may include a transceiving unit to realize signal input (reception) and output (transmission).
  • the device may be a chip, and the transceiver unit may be an input and/or output circuit of the chip, or a communication interface.
  • the chip can be used in a terminal or a base station or other network equipment.
  • the device may be a terminal or a base station or other network device, and the transceiving unit may be a transceiver, a radio frequency chip, or the like.
  • the device 600 includes one or more processors 601, and the one or more processors 601 can implement the method in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • the device 600 includes means for electing the designated forwarder DF, and means for receiving bandwidth notification messages sent by other service provider edge devices PE.
  • the function of electing the means of the designated forwarder DF and receiving the bandwidth notification message sent by the edge device PE of other service providers may be realized by one or more processors.
  • the designated transponder DF may be selected by one or more processors, and the bandwidth notification message sent by the edge device PE of another service provider may be received through the interface of the transceiver, or the input/output circuit, or the chip.
  • the bandwidth notification message reference may be made to the related description in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • processor 601 may also implement other functions.
  • the processor 601 may execute instructions to make the device 600 execute the method described in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the instructions may be stored in the processor in whole or in part, such as the instruction 603, or in the memory 602 coupled to the processor, in whole or in part, such as the instruction 604, or the instructions 603 and 604 may be used together to make The device 600 executes the method described in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the device 600 may also include a circuit, and the circuit may implement the functions in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device 600 may include one or more memories 602, on which instructions 604 are stored, and the instructions may be executed on the processor, so that the device 600 executes the foregoing method.
  • data may also be stored in the memory.
  • the optional processor may also store instructions and/or data.
  • the one or more memories 602 may store the route update message described in the above-mentioned embodiment, etc.
  • the processor and the memory can be provided separately or integrated together.
  • the device 600 may further include a transceiver unit 605 and an antenna 606.
  • the processor 601 may be referred to as a processing unit, which controls a device (terminal or base station).
  • the transceiving unit 605 may be called a transceiver, a transceiving circuit, or a transceiver, etc., and is used to implement the transceiving function of the device through the antenna 606.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability.
  • the steps of the foregoing method embodiments may be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or instructions in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other Programming logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • DR RAM Direct Rambus RAM
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, it implements the designated transponder election method described in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product that, when executed by a computer, implements the designated transponder election method described in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a high-density digital video disc (Digital Video Disc, DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (Solid State Disk, SSD)) etc.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a designated transponder election device, including a processor and an interface; the processor is configured to execute the designated transponder election method described in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the foregoing processing device may be a chip, and the processor may be implemented by hardware or software.
  • the processor When implemented by hardware, the processor may be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc.; when implemented by software, At this time, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, which is realized by reading the software code stored in the memory, and the memory may be integrated in the processor, may be located outside the processor, and exist independently.
  • one embodiment or “an embodiment” mentioned throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the appearances of "in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not correspond to the embodiments of the present application. The implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • system and “network” in this article are often used interchangeably in this article.
  • the term “and/or” in this article is only an association relationship describing the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, exist alone B these three situations.
  • the character "/" in this text generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or” relationship.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined only based on A, and B can also be determined based on A and/or other information.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated. To another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional unit.
  • the computer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium and a communication medium, where the communication medium includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • the storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer.
  • computer readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store instructions or data in the form of structure
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • coaxial cable , Fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless and microwave are included in the fixing of the media.
  • Disk and disc include compact discs (CD), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVD), floppy discs and Blu-ray discs. Disks usually copy data magnetically, while discs The laser is used to optically copy the data. The above combination should also be included in the protection scope of the computer-readable medium.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备，涉及数据通讯技术领域，用以避免链路中的流量重载甚至超载的问题。该方法包括：第一PE接收其它PE发送的带宽通知消息；第一PE和其它PE与第一CE连接；带宽通知消息中包含其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息；第一PE根据其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在第一PE和其它PE中选举DF。基于该方案，可以在与第一CE连接的第一PE和其它PE中，通过与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息选举DF，可以使得DF的选举过程考虑到链路的带宽信息、DF的选举结果做到在不同链路上的负载，可以避免出现链路重载或者超载的情况。

Description

一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2020年02月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010105134.5、申请名称为“一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及数据通讯技术领域，尤其涉及一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备。
背景技术
以太虚拟专用网络(ethernet virtual private network，EVPN)由于其控制和转发平面分离、部署灵活、适用场景广泛等特点得到了越来越多的应用。EVPN用户网络边缘设备(customer edge，CE)多归多活场景中，只需要一个服务提供商边缘设备(provider edge，PE)向CE转发广播/未知单播/组播(broadcast/unknown unicast/multicast，BUM)流量，选出的这个PE就是指定转发器(designated forwarder，DF)，选出这个PE的过程就是DF选举过程。
目前，DF选举主要有以下两种方案：
方案1、DF基于以太网段(ethernet segment，ES)路由中的源互联网协议(internet protocol，IP)地址进行选举。根据源IP地址大小的顺序将多归场景的各PE进行排序，并且按照排序为各PE分配由0开始的序号，从各PE中选取序号为0的PE作为DF。
方案2、DF基于虚拟局域网(virtual local area network，VLAN)选举。按照公式：
(V mod N)＝i计算出作为DF的PE的序号。其中，i表示PE的序号，N为多归到一个CE的PE数量，V表示ES对应VLAN的VLAN ID。
然而，方案1和方案2的DF选举过程会导致流量在某条链路重载甚至超载。
发明内容
本申请提供一种指定转发器的选举方法及设备，用以避免现有技术进行的DF选举方法会导致某条链路上流量重载甚至超载的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种指定服务器的选举方法，包括：第一服务提供商边缘设备PE接收其它PE发送的带宽通知消息；所述第一PE和所述其它PE与第一用户网络边缘设备CE连接；所述带宽通知消息中包含所述其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息；所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举指定转发器DF。
基于该方案，可以在与第一CE连接的第一PE和其它PE中，通过与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息选举DF，可以使得DF的选举过程考虑到链路的带宽信息、DF的选举结果做到在不同链路上的负载，可以避免出现链路重载或者超载的情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所 述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF，包括：所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取可用带宽或可用带宽率最大的PE作为DF；或者，所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取使用带宽率最小的PE作为DF；或者，所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同虚拟局域网VLAN或用于不同以太虚拟专用网络EVPN实例的DF；其中，可用带宽或可用带宽率越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN数量越大；或者，所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF；其中，使用带宽率越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例数量越大；其中，所述可用带宽、可用带宽率和所述使用带宽率根据所述带宽信息确定。
基于该方案，在选举DF时，可以考虑到PE的可用带宽、可用带宽率、或使用带宽率，使得DF的选举过程考虑到不同链路上的负载，可以有效的避免出现链路重载或者超载的情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同虚拟局域网VLAN或用于不同以太虚拟专用网络EVPN实例的DF，包括：所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例；或者，所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF，包括：所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。
基于该方案，在选举用于VLAN或EVPN实例的DF时，可以根据PE的可用带宽的比例、可用带宽率的比例或者使用带宽率的比例选举DF，可以使得选举的DF的负载较低，能够有效地避免出现链路重载或者超载的情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述可用带宽可以是以下中的任意一项：平均可用带宽、最少可用带宽。
基于该方案，在DF选举时，可以根据PE的平均可用带宽或者最少可用带宽进行选举。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述可用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：平均可用带宽率、最少可用带宽率。
基于该方案，在DF选举时，可以根据PE的平均使用带宽率或者峰值使用带宽率进行选举。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述使用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：平均使用带宽率、峰值使用带宽率。
基于该方案，在DF选举时，可以根据PE的平均使用带宽率或者峰值使用带宽率进行选举。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述带宽通知消息为路由更新消息。
基于该方案，可以在PE的路由更新消息中携带自身的带宽信息，可以减少PE之间的信息交互次数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述带宽信息包括以下中的部分或全部：链路带宽、平均 使用带宽、峰值使用带宽。
基于该方案，可以根据PE的带宽信息计算得到平均使用带宽率、峰值使用带宽率、平均可用带宽和平均可用带宽率，用于DF的选举。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF之后，还包括：若所述DF的峰值使用带宽大于或等于第一阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，每预设周期重新进行DF选举；和/或，若所述DF的峰值使用带宽率大于或等于第二阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，若所述DF的可用带宽率小于或等于第三阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，若所述DF的可用带宽小于或等于第四阈值，则重新进行DF选举。
基于该方案，在选举出的DF的负载较高时，为了避免链路的重载或者超载，可以重新进行DF选举；或者可以周期性的重新进行DF的选举，可以进一步的避免链路的重载或者超载。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：若DF选举惩戒值大于或等于惩戒阈值，则停止DF选举；所述DF选举惩戒值与DF的选举次数正相关，且与时间负相关；若所述DF选举惩戒值小于惩戒阈值，则恢复DF选举。
基于该方案，在DF的选举次数较高时，可以暂停DF的选举，能够避免DF频繁调整的情况。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种指定转发器的选举设备，包括：
收发单元，用于接收其它服务提供商边缘设备PE发送的带宽通知消息；所述第一PE和所述其它PE与第一用户网络边缘设备CE连接；所述带宽通知消息中包含所述其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息；
处理单元，用于根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举指定转发器DF。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元具体用于：在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取可用带宽或可用带宽率最大的PE作为DF；或者，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取使用带宽率最小的PE作为DF；或者，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同虚拟局域网VLAN或用于不同以太虚拟专用网络EVPN实例的DF；其中，可用带宽或可用带宽率越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN数量越大；或者，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF；其中，使用带宽率越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例数量越大；其中，所述可用带宽、可用带宽率和所述使用带宽率根据所述带宽信息确定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元具体用于：在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例；或者，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述可用带宽可以是以下中的任意一项：平均可用带宽、最少可用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述可用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：平均可用带宽 率、最少可用带宽率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述使用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：平均使用带宽率、峰值使用带宽率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述带宽通知消息为路由更新消息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述带宽信息包括以下中的部分或全部：链路带宽、平均使用带宽、峰值使用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元还用于：根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF之后，若所述DF的峰值使用带宽大于或等于第一阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，每预设周期重新进行DF选举；和/或，若所述DF的峰值使用带宽率大于或等于第二阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，若所述DF的可用带宽率小于或等于第三阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，若所述DF的可用带宽小于或等于第四阈值，则重新进行DF选举。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元还用于：若DF选举惩戒值大于或等于惩戒阈值，则停止DF选举；所述DF选举惩戒值与DF的选举次数正相关，且与时间负相关；若所述DF选举惩戒值小于惩戒阈值，则恢复DF选举。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种指定转发器的选举设备，该设备可以用来执行上述第一方面及第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的操作。例如，设备可以包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的各个操作的模块或单元。比如包括处理单元和收发单元。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种芯片系统，包括处理器，可选的还包括存储器；其中，存储器用于存储计算机程序，处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有芯片系统的指定转发器的选举设备执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的任一方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码，当计算机程序代码被指定转发器的选举设备的通信单元、处理单元或收发器、处理器运行时，使得指定转发器的选举设备执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的任一方法。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有程序，程序使得指定转发器的选举设备执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的任一方法。
应理解，上述第二方面至第六方面中任意一种设计可能达到的技术效果与上述第一方面中相应或相同涉及可以达到的技术效果相同，这里不再给予详尽描述。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的DF选举的应用场景示意图；
图2为现有技术中DF选举的示意图之一；
图3为现有技术中DF选举的示意图之一；
图4为本申请提供的DF选举方法的示例性流程图；
图5为本申请提供的DF的选举设备示意图之一；
图6为本申请提供的DF的选举设备示意图之一。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。方法实施例中的具体操作方法也可以应用于设备实施例或系统实施例中。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于CE双归、多归或多活场景中的DF选择。以下，不失一般性的以CE双归场景为例进行说明。如图1所示，远端(remote)CE101与远端(remote)PE102连接。PE1(103)和PE2(104)与remote PE102连接。CE105双归至PE1(103)和PE2(104)。在PE1(103)和PE2(104)中只需要一个PE向CE105转发BUM流量。选出转发BUM流量的PE的即称为DF，选出这个PE的过程即为DF选举过程。
其中，远端PE102或者PE1(103)或PE2(104)又称PE路由器，可以是服务提供商骨干网的边缘路由器，相当于标签边缘路由器。用户的流量通过PE流入用户网络，或者通过PE流入多协议标记交换(multiple prtotocol label switching，MPLS)骨干网。
远端CE101或CE105又称CE路由器，可以是用户端路由器。CE通过连接一个或多个PE，为用户提供服务接入。CE路由器通常是一台IP路由器，它与连接的PE路由器建立邻接关系。
在一些部署中，PE1(103)和PE2(104)还可以与控制器连接，图中未示出。其中，控制器可以是获取链路带宽信息的相关组件或服务器，可以包括简单网络管理协议(simple network management protocl，SNMP)组件/服务器，网络分析(Netstream)组件/服务器，遥测技术(Telemetry)组件/服务器，软件定义网络(software defined network，SDN)控制器等。
目前，DF选举主要有两种方案，下面结合图2和图3介绍现有技术中DF的选举方法。
如图2所示，PE1和CE之间链路有500M业务流量，PE2和CE之间链路有100M业务流量。链路中存在多个EVPN实例，需要为每一个EVPN选举DF。在选举DF时，在PE1和PE2中选取源IP地址小的PE1作为DF。根据这种DF选举方法，即使是链路中存在多个EVPN实例，PE1会一直被选举为DF。
然而，这种选举方法可能会造成PE1的链路重载甚至超载。
如图3所示，CE和PE1、PE2之间有两个VLAN。在进行DF选举时，按照公式(1)计算出作为DF的PE的设备的序号：
(V mod N)＝i           公式(1)
其中，i表示PE的序号，N为多归到同一CE的PE数量，V表示ES对应VLAN的VLAN ID。根据上述方法，使得PE1作为DF转发VLAN1的BUM流量，PE2转发VLAN2的BUM流量。然而，这种DF选举方法，仍旧不会考虑链路带宽的实际使用情况，无法完全避免流量在某条链路重载甚至超载。
举例来说，若PE1和CE之间链路有500M业务流量，PE2和CE之间链路有100M业务流量，则可以使得PE2作为DF同时转发VLAN1和VLAN2的BUM流量，以避免PE1的重载。
基于上述需求，本申请实施例提供一种指定转发器的选举方法，以避免选出的DF重载甚至超载。以下，不失一般性，以CE双归至PE为例详细说明本申请实施例。可以理解的是，多归或者多活场景可以基于相同的技术方案选举DF，本申请对此并不做限定。
图4是本申请实施例提供的指定转发器的选举方法的示例性流程图。如图4所示，该 方法可以包括以下步骤：
步骤401：第一PE接收其它PE发送的带宽通知消息。
应理解，这里的第一PE和其它PE与第一CE连接。如图1中所示，PE103可以为第一PE，PE104可以为其它PE，CE105可以为第一CE。其中，带宽通知消息中包含所述其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息。例如，PE104将带宽通知消息发送给PE103，带宽通知消息中包含PE104与CE105之间的链路的带宽信息；PE103还可以将带宽通知消息发送给PE104，其中包含PE103与CE105之间的链路的带宽信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，带宽通知消息可以是新增的消息，或者还可以是已经存在的消息。在一示例中，带宽通知消息可以是路由更新消息，可以在路由更新消息的未定义字段中携带带宽信息，或者还可以在路由更新消息中新增字段携带带宽信息。又或者，还可以将带宽通知消息携带于路由更新消息中。
本申请实施例中的带宽通知消息可以包含以下中的部分或全部：
链路带宽(link bandwidth，LB)、周期(cycle，Cyc)、平均使用带宽(average rate，AR)或峰值使用带宽(peak rate，PR)。
这里的平均使用带宽是指周期内平均使用带宽，峰值使用带宽可以是周期内峰值使用带宽。其中，周期可以是10s、20s等，可以是根据经验值预先设置的。
步骤402：所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF。
以下，不失一般性的，以CE双归到PE的场景为例详细解释根据带宽信息在第一PE和其它PE中选举DF的方法。需要说明的是，可以使用相同的方法在CE多归、多活的场景中选举DF。在CE双归到PE的场景中，与CE连接的PE包括PE1和PE2，则在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN或EVPN实例的DF，具体包括以下方法1-方法8：
方法1：比较第一PE和其它PE的平均可用带宽或平均可用带宽率。
其中，平均可用带宽和平均可用带宽率可以根据带宽信息中的链路带宽和平均使用带宽计算得到，即平均可用带宽＝(链路带宽-平均使用带宽)，平均可用带宽率＝(链路带宽-平均使用带宽)/链路带宽。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将平均可用带宽最大的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的平均使用带宽为500M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1200M，平均使用带宽为800M。可见，PE1的平均可用带宽为1200M-800M＝400M，PE2的平均可用带宽为1000M-500M＝500M，则选举PE2为EVPN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将平均可用带宽率最大的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1200M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，平均使用带宽为800M。可见，PE1的平均可用带宽率为(1000M-800M)/1000M＝0.2，PE2的平均可用带宽率为(1200M-400M)/1200M＝0.67,则选举PE2为EVPN1的DF。
3)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的平均可用带宽的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，平均可用带宽越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2和EVPN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带 宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的平均使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1300M，平均使用带宽为700M。可见，PE1的平均可用带宽为(1300M-700M)＝600M，PE2的平均可用带宽为(1000M-800M)＝200M。则，PE1的平均可用带宽大于PE2，因此可以选举PE1作为三个EVPN实例中的两个EVPN实例的DF，例如EVPN1和EVPN2的DF，选举PE2作为剩余一个EVPN实例的DF，例如EVPN3的DF。
或者，可以选举PE1作为三个EVPN实例中的两个EVPN实例的DF，剩余一个EVPN实例的一部分BUM流量由PE1转发，另一部分BUM流量由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的平均可用带宽的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以将被选举为DF的各PE的平均可用带宽的比例确定为所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。或者，所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例可以与所述各PE的平均可用带宽的比例近似。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2、EVPN3和EVPN4的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1100M，PE2的平均使用带宽为200M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为500M。则，PE1的平均可用带宽为(800M-500M)＝300M，PE2的平均可用带宽为(1100M-200M)＝900M，PE1和PE2的平均可用带宽的比例为1:3，PE1和PE2所分别用于的EVPN实例的数量的比例也为1:3，即选举PE1为四个EVPN实例中一个EVPN实例的DF，选举PE2为剩余三个EVPN实例的DF。
需要说明的是，若VLAN或EVPN实例的总数量无法按照被选举为DF的各PE的平均可用带宽的比例平均分配给所述各PE，则可以使得所述各PE所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例近似所述各PE的平均可用带宽的比例。
例如，PE1和PE2的平均可用带宽的比例为1:3，而EVPN实例的总数量为9个，则可以选举PE1为9个EVPN实例中2个EVPN实例的DF，选举PE2为剩余7个EVPN实例的DF。
4)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的平均可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，平均可用带宽率越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2和EVPN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的平均使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1300M，平均使用带宽为700M。可见，PE1的平均可用带宽率为(1300M-700M)/1300M＝0.46，PE2的平均可用带宽率为(1000M-800M)/1000M＝0.2。则，PE1的平均可用带宽率大于PE2，因此可以选举PE1作为三个EVPN实例中的两个EVPN实例的DF，例如EVPN1和EVPN2的DF，选举PE2作为剩余一个EVPN实例的DF，例如EVPN3的DF。
或者，可以选举PE1作为三个EVPN实例中的两个EVPN实例的DF，剩余一个EVPN实例的一部分BUM流量由PE1转发，另一部分BUM流量由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和第一PE的平均可用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以将被选举为DF的各PE的平均可用带宽率的比例确定为所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数 量的比例。或者，所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例可以与所述各PE的平均可用带宽率的比例近似。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2和EVPN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1100M，PE2的平均使用带宽为200M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为500M。则，PE1的平均可用带宽率为(800M-500M)/800M≈0.4，PE2的平均可用带宽率为(1100M-200M)/1100M≈0.8，PE1和PE2的可用带宽率的比例为1:2，则PE1和PE2所分别用于的EVPN实例的数量的比例也为1:2，即选举PE1为三个EVPN实例中一个EVPN实例的DF，选举PE2为剩余两个EVPN实例的DF。
方法2：比较第一PE和其它PE的最少可用带宽或最少可用带宽率。
其中，最少可用带宽和最少可用带宽率可以根据带宽信息中的链路带宽和峰值使用带宽计算得到，即最少可用带宽＝(链路带宽-峰值使用带宽)，最少可用带宽率＝(链路带宽-峰值使用带宽率)/链路带宽。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将最少可用带宽最大的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的路由更新消息，PE2所在链路的链路带宽为1000M，PE2所在链路的周期链路峰值使用带宽为450M。PE2接收到PE1的路由更新消息，PE1所在链路的链路带宽为1200M，PE1所在链路的周期链路峰值使用带宽为500M。可见，PE1的周期链路最少可用带宽为700M，PE2的周期链路最少可用带宽为550M，则选举PE1为EVPN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将最少可用带宽率最大的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2和EVPN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的路由更新消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为200M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1200M，峰值使用带宽为500M。可见，PE1的最少可用带宽率为(1200M-500M)/1200M＝0.58，PE2的最少可用带宽率为(1000M-200M)/1000M＝0.8，则选举PE2为EVPN1、EVPN2和EVPN3的DF。
3)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的最少可用带宽的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，最少可用带宽越大的所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN 1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为200M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1200M，峰值使用带宽为500M。可见，PE1的最少可用带宽为(1200M-500M)＝700M，PE2的最少可用带宽为(1000M-200M)＝800M。则，PE1的最少可用带宽大于PE2，因此可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中的两个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN1和VLAN2的DF，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN3的DF。
或者，还可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中的两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的一部分BUM流量由PE1转发，另一部分BUM流量由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的最少可用带宽的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以将被选举为DF的个PE的最少可用带宽的比例确定为所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。或者，所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例可以与所述 各PE的最少可用带宽的比例近似。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1100M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1200M，峰值使用带宽为600M。可见，PE1的最少可用带宽为(1200M-600M)＝600M，PE2的最少可用带宽为(1100M-800M)＝300M，PE1和PE2的最少可用带宽的比例为2:1，则可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为2:1则可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
4)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的最少可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，最少可用带宽率越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1100M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为200M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1200M，峰值使用带宽为500M。可见，PE1的最少可用带宽率为(1200M-500M)/1200M＝0.58，PE2的最少可用带宽率为(1100M-200M)/1100M＝0.82。则，PE2的最少可用带宽率大于PE1的最少可用带宽率，因此可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN的DF，或者可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN1和VLAN2，选举PE1作为剩余一个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN3。
或者，还可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的最少可用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以将被选举为DF的各PE的最少可用带宽率的比例确定为所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。或者，所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例可以与所述各PE的最少可用带宽率的比例近似。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为600M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，峰值使用带宽为800M。可见，PE1的最少可用带宽率为(1000M-800M)/1000M＝0.2，PE2的最少可用带宽率为(1000M-600M)/1000M＝0.4。则，PE1和PE2的最少可用带宽率的比例为1:2，则可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为1:2，即可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中一个VLAN的DF，选举PE2作为剩余两个VLAN的DF。
方法3：比较第一PE和其它PE的平均使用带宽或平均使用带宽率。
其中，带宽信息中包含平均使用带宽，平均使用带宽率可以根据链路带宽和平均使用带宽计算得到，即平均使用带宽率＝平均使用带宽/链路带宽。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将平均使用带宽最小的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的平均使用带宽为500M，PE1的带宽信息中平均使用带宽为300M。PE1的平均使用带宽小于PE2的平均使用带宽，则选举PE1作为VLAN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将平均使用带宽率最小的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1 和PE2中选举VLAN1和VLAN2的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，平均使用带宽为500M，PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为900M，平均使用带宽为300M。可见，PE1的平均使用带宽率为300M/900M＝0.33，PE2的平均使用带宽率为500M/1000M＝0.5。PE1的平均使用带宽率小于PE2的平均使用带宽率，则选举PE1作为VLAN1和VLAN2的DF。
3)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的平均使用带宽的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，平均使用带宽越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的平均使用带宽为800M，PE1的带宽信息中平均使用带宽为200M。因此，可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN1和VLAN2，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN3。
或者，还可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的平均使用带宽的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的平均使用带宽的比例的相反数。或者，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的平均使用带宽的比例的相反数的近似值。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2、VLAN3和VLAN4的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的平均使用带宽为600M，PE1的带宽信息中平均使用带宽为200M。则，PE1和PE2的平均使用带宽的比例为1:3，因此可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为3:1，即选举PE1为四个VLAN中三个VLAN的DF，选举PE2为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
或者，还可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
4)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的平均使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，平均使用带宽率越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的平均使用带宽为800M，PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，平均使用带宽为200M。则，PE1的平均使用带宽率为200M/1000M＝0.2，PE2的平均使用带宽率为800M/1000M＝0.8。因此，可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN1和VLAN2，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN3。
或者，还可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的平均使用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的平均使用 带宽率的比例的相反数。或者，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的平均使用带宽率的比例的相反数的近似值。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2、VLAN3、VLAN4和VLAN5的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的平均使用带宽为800M，PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，平均使用带宽为200M。则，PE1的平均使用带宽率为200M/1000M＝0.2，PE2的平均使用带宽率为800M/1000M＝0.8。则，PE1和PE2的平均使用带宽率的比例为1:4，因此可是使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为4:1，即选举PE1为5个VLAN中4个VLAN的DF，选举PE2为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
方法4：比较第一PE和其它PE的峰值使用带宽或峰值使用带宽率。
其中，带宽信息中包含峰值使用带宽，峰值使用带宽率可以根据链路带宽和峰值使用带宽计算得到，即峰值使用带宽率＝峰值使用带宽/链路带宽。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将峰值使用带宽最小的PE作为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的峰值使用带宽为1200M，PE1的带宽信息中峰值使用带宽为800M。则，可以选举PE1作为VLAN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE1和其它PE中，将峰值使用带宽率最小的PE作为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1200M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为1200M，PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，峰值使用带宽为800M。可见，PE1的峰值使用带宽率为800M/1000M＝0.8，PE2的峰值使用带宽率为1200M/1200M＝1。因此，可以选举PE1作为VLAN1的DF。
3)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的峰值使用带宽的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，峰值使用带宽越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M，PE1的带宽信息中峰值使用带宽为200M。因此，可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN1和VLAN2，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN3。
或者，还可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的峰值使用带宽的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的峰值使用带宽的比例的相反数。或者，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的峰值使用带宽的比例的相反数的近似值。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的峰值使用带宽为400M，PE1的带宽信息中峰值使用带宽为200M。则，PE1和PE2的峰值使用带宽的比例为1:2，因此可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为2:1，即选举PE1为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE2为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
4)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的峰值使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，峰值使用带宽率越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M，PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，峰值使用带宽为200M。可见，PE1的峰值使用带宽率为200M/1000M＝0.2，PE2的峰值使用带宽率为800M/1000M＝0.8。因此，可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN的DF，或者可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN1和VLAN2，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF，例如VLAN3。
或者，还可以选举PE1作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的峰值使用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的峰值使用带宽率的比例的相反数。或者，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的峰值使用带宽率的比例的相反数的近似值。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为400M，PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，峰值使用带宽为200M。可见，PE1的峰值使用带宽率为200M/1000M＝0.2，PE2的峰值使用带宽率为400M/1000M＝0.4。则，PE1和PE2的峰值使用带宽率的比例为1:2，因此可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为2:1，即选举PE1为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE2为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
方法5：第一PE和其它PE的平均可用带宽和最少可用带宽作为参考。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以将平均可用带宽和最少可用带宽按照权重，计算得出参考值。其中，平均可用带宽和最少可用带宽的权重可以是根据经验值预先确定的，本申请不做具体限定。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将参考值最大的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见PE1的平均可用带宽为(800M-450M)＝350M，最少可用带宽为(800M-700M)＝100M，PE2的平均可用带宽为(1500M-400M)＝1100M，最少可用带宽为(1500M-800M)＝700M。其中，平均使用带宽的权重为0.6，最少可用带宽的权重为0.4。故此，可以计算得到PE1的参考值为350*0.6+100*0.4＝250，PE2的参考值为1100*0.6+700*0.4＝940。因此，可以选举PE2为EVPN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的参考值的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，所述参考值越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2和EVPN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使 用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见，PE1的平均可用带宽为(800M-450M)＝350M，最少可用带宽为(800M-700M)＝100M，PE2的平均可用带宽为(1500M-400M)＝1100M，最少可用带宽为(1500M-800M)＝700M。其中，平均使用带宽的权重为0.6，最少可用带宽的权重为0.4。故此，可以计算得到PE1的参考值为350*0.6+100*0.4＝250，PE2的参考值为1100*0.6+700*0.4＝940。PE2的参考值大于PE1的参考值。因此，可以选举PE2作为三个EVPN实例中两个EVPN实例的DF，例如EVPN1和EVPN2，选举PE1作为剩余一个EVPN实例的DF，例如，EVPN3。
或者，还可以选举PE2作为三个EVPN实例中两个EVPN实例的DF，剩余一个EVPN实例的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和第一PE的参考值的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以将被选举为DF的参考值的比例确定为所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。或者，所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例可以与所述各PE的参考值的比例近似。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1、EVPN2、EVPN3和EVPN4的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1000M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中链路带宽为1000M，平均使用带宽为400M，峰值使用带宽为800M。可见，PE1的平均可用带宽为(1000M-400M)＝600M，最少可用带宽为(1000M-800M)＝200M，PE2的平均可用带宽为(1000M-400M)＝600M，最少可用带宽为(1000M-800M)＝200M。其中，平均使用带宽的权重为0.6，最少可用带宽的权重为0.4。故此，可以计算得到PE1的参考值为600*0.6+200*0.4＝440，PE2的参考值为600*0.6+200*0.4＝440。PE1和PE2的参考值的比例近似1:1，则可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的EVPN实例的数量的比例为1:1，即可以选举PE1作为四个EVPN实例中两个EVPN实例的DF，选举PE2作为剩余两个EVPN实例的DF。
方法6：第一PE和其它PE的平均可用带宽率和最少可用带宽率作为参考。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以将平均可用带宽率和最少可用带宽率按照权重，计算得出参考值。其中，平均可用带宽率和最少可用带宽率的权重可以是根据经验值预先确定的，本申请不做具体限定。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将参考值最大的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中，链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见PE1的平均可用带宽率为(800M-450M)/800M＝0.4375，最少可用带宽率为(800M-700M)/800M＝0.125，PE2的平均可用带宽率为(1500M-400M)/1500M＝0.73，最少可用带宽率为(1500M-800M)/1500M＝0.47。其中平均使用带宽率的权重为0.6,最少可用带宽率的权重为0.4。可以计算得到PE1的参考值为0.4375*0.6+0.125*0.4＝0.3125，PE2的参考值为0.73*0.6+0.47*0.4＝0.626。因此，可以选举PE2为EVPN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中国，按照所述其它PE和第一PE的参考值的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，所述参考值越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如， 例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽通知消息中，链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见PE1的平均可用带宽率为(800M-450M)/800M＝0.4375，最少可用带宽率为(800M-700M)/800M＝0.125，PE2的平均可用带宽率为(1500M-400M)/1500M＝0.73，最少可用带宽率为(1500M-800M)/1500M＝0.47。其中平均使用带宽率的权重为0.6,最少可用带宽率的权重为0.4。可以计算得到PE1的参考值为0.4375*0.6+0.125*0.4＝0.3125，PE2的参考值为0.73*0.6+0.47*0.4＝0.626。PE2的参考值大于PE1的参考值，因此可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE1作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
或者，可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和第一PE的参考值的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以将被选举为DF的参考值的比例确定为所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。或者，所述各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例可以与所述各PE的参考值的比例近似。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽通知消息中，链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见PE1的平均可用带宽率为(800M-450M)/800M＝0.4375，最少可用带宽率为(800M-700M)/800M＝0.125，PE2的平均可用带宽率为(1500M-400M)/1500M＝0.73，最少可用带宽率为(1500M-800M)/1500M＝0.47。其中平均使用带宽率的权重为0.6,最少可用带宽率的权重为0.4。可以计算得到PE1的参考值为0.4375*0.6+0.125*0.4＝0.3125，PE2的参考值为0.73*0.6+0.47*0.4＝0.626。PE2和PE1的参考值的比例近似2:1，因此可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为2:1即可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE1作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
方法7：第一PE和其它PE的平均使用带宽和峰值使用带宽作为参考。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以将平均使用带宽和峰值使用带宽按照权重，计算得出参考值。其中，平均使用带宽和峰值使用带宽的权重可以是根据经验值预先确定的，本申请不做具体限定。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将参考值最小的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。其中，平均使用带宽的权重为0.8，峰值使用带宽的权重为0.2。因此，可以计算得到PE1的参考值为450*0.8+700*0.2＝500，PE2的参考值为400*0.8+800*0.2＝480。因此，可以选举PE2作为VLAN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述第一PE和其它PE的参考值的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，所述参考值越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如， 在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。其中，平均使用带宽的权重为0.8，峰值使用带宽的权重为0.2。因此，可以计算得到PE1的参考值为450*0.8+700*0.2＝500，PE2的参考值为400*0.8+800*0.2＝480。PE2的参考值小于PE1的参考值，因此可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE1作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
或者，还可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的参考值的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的参考值的比例的相反数。或者，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的参考值的比例的相反数的近似值。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1和VLAN2的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。其中，平均使用带宽的权重为0.8，峰值使用带宽的权重为0.2。因此，可以计算得到PE1的参考值为450*0.8+700*0.2＝500，PE2的参考值为400*0.8+800*0.2＝480。PE1和PE2的参考值的比例近似为1:1，因此可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为1:1，即可以选举PE1作为两个VLAN中一个VLAN的DF，选举PE2作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
方法8：第一PE和其它PE的平均使用带宽率和峰值使用带宽率作为参考。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以将平均使用带宽率和峰值使用带宽率按照权重，计算得出参考值。其中，平均使用带宽率和峰值使用带宽率的权重可以是按照经验值预先确定的，本申请不做具体限定。
1)、在第一PE和其它PE中，将参考值最小的PE选举为DF。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举EVPN1的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中，链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见，PE1的平均使用带宽率为450M/800M＝0.5625，峰值使用带宽率为700M/800M＝0.875。PE2的平均使用带宽率为400M/1500M＝0.27，峰值使用带宽率为800M/1500M＝0.53。其中，平均使用带宽率的权重为0.7，峰值使用带宽率为0.3。可以计算得到PE1的参考值为0.5675*0.7+0.875*0.3＝0.66，PE2的参考值为0.27*0.7+0.53*0.3＝0.35。PE2的参考值大于PE1的参考值，因此可以选举PE2为EVPN1的DF。
2)、在第一PE和其它PE中，按照所述第一PE和其它PE的参考值的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或EVPN实例的DF。
在一示例中，所述参考值越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大。例如，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中，链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见，PE1的平均使用带宽率为450M/800M＝0.5625，峰值使用带宽率为 700M/800M＝0.875。PE2的平均使用带宽率为400M/1500M＝0.27，峰值使用带宽率为800M/1500M＝0.53。其中，平均使用带宽率的权重为0.7，峰值使用带宽率为0.3。可以计算得到PE1的参考值为0.5675*0.7+0.875*0.3＝0.66，PE2的参考值为0.27*0.7+0.53*0.3＝0.35。因此，选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE1作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
或者，还可以选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，剩余一个VLAN的BUM流量一部分由PE1转发，另一部分由PE2转发。
其中，还可以按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的参考值的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。例如，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的参考值的比例的相反数。或者，可以使得被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例确定为所述各PE的参考值的比例的相反数的近似值。
举例来说，在PE1和PE2中选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。其中，PE1接收到PE2的带宽通知消息，PE2的链路带宽为1500M，PE2的平均使用带宽为400M，PE2的峰值使用带宽为800M。PE1的带宽信息中，链路带宽为800M，平均使用带宽为450M，峰值使用带宽为700M。可见，PE1的平均使用带宽率为450M/800M＝0.5625，峰值使用带宽率为700M/800M＝0.875。PE2的平均使用带宽率为400M/1500M＝0.27，峰值使用带宽率为800M/1500M＝0.53。其中，平均使用带宽率的权重为0.7，峰值使用带宽率为0.3。可以计算得到PE1的参考值为0.5675*0.7+0.875*0.3＝0.66，PE2的参考值为0.27*0.7+0.53*0.3＝0.35，PE1和PE2的参考值近似为2:1，因此可以使得PE1和PE2所分别服务的VLAN的数量的比例为1:2，即选举PE2作为三个VLAN中两个VLAN的DF，选举PE1作为剩余一个VLAN的DF。
基于上述方法1-方法8可以在各PE中选出DF，用于转发远端CE的BUM流量。在一种可能的实现方式中，还可以在满足以下条件1-条件5中，任意一个或多个条件时，重新进行DF选举。具体的DF选举方法可以参见上述方法1-方法8，重复之处不再赘述。
条件1：选举的DF的峰值使用带宽大于或等于第一阈值。
这里的第一阈值可以是根据经验值预先确定的，例如可以是700M，或者是链路带宽的75％等，本申请不做具体限定。
例如，PE1和PE2与CE1连接，其中，PE1为EVPN1的DF，PE2为EVPN2的DF。由于PE1的峰值使用带宽为880M，大于第一阈值700M，因此需要重新选举EVPN1和EVPN2的DF。
条件2：选举的DF的峰值使用带宽率大于或等于第二阈值。
这里的第二阈值可以是根据经验值预先确定的，例如可以是0.8等，本申请不做具体限定。
例如，PE1和PE2与CE1连接。其中，PE1为VLAN1和VLAN2的DF，由于PE1的链路带宽为900M，PE1的峰值使用带宽达到了700M，可见PE1的峰值使用带宽率为700M/900M＝0.78，大于第二阈值0.7，因此需要重新选举VLAN1和VLAN2的DF。
条件3：选举的DF的平均可用带宽或最少可用带宽小于或等于第四阈值。
其中，平均可用带宽的第四阈值和最少可用带宽的第四阈值可以相同也可以不同，例如平均可用带宽的第四阈值可以使800M，最少可用带宽的第四阈值可以是500M，或者平 均可用带宽和最少可用带宽的第四阈值均可以使500M。
例如，PE1和PE2与CE1连接。其中，PE1为VLAN1的DF，PE2为VLAN1和VLAN2的DF。由于PE2的平均可用带宽为400M，小于第四阈值500M，因此需要重新选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。
条件4：选举的DF的平均可用带宽率或最少可用带宽率小于或等于第三阈值。
其中，平均可用带宽率的第三阈值和最少可用带宽率的第三阈值可以相同也可以不同。
例如，PE1和PE2与CE1连接。其中，PE1为VLAN1的DF，PE2为VLAN1和VLAN2的DF。由于PE2的最少可用带宽为100M，链路带宽为500M，因此PE2的平均可用带宽率100M/500M＝0.2，小于第三阈值0.5。因此，需要重新选举VLAN1、VLAN2和VLAN3的DF。
条件5：达到预设周期。
这里的预设周期可以是根据经验值预先确定的，例如1min，或者3min，5h等，本申请不做具体限定。
需要说明的是，这里的预设周期可以与带宽通知消息中的周期相同，或者大于带宽通知消息中的周期。其中，若预设周期与带宽通知消息中的周期相同，则重新进行DF选举时，可以利用当前周期的带宽通知消息中的带宽信息。若预设周期大于带宽信息中的周期，则在重新进行DF选举时，可以利用最近的带宽通知消息中的带宽信息，或者将预设周期内收到的全部带宽通知消息中的带宽信息用于DF选举。
本申请实施例中还引入了惩戒阈值。其中，惩戒阈值可以是根据经验值预先确定的，例如5、6等，本申请不做具体限定。
本申请实施例中，每预设周期或在DF的使用带宽大于或等于预设带宽阈值时，重新选举DF所在链路的DF。每选举一次DF，DF选举惩戒值增加预设值，例如预设值可以是1、或者2。DF选举惩戒值随DF的选举次数的增加而增加，且与时间负相关。举例来说，在1h内DF的选举次数为4次，则DF选举惩戒值为4。DF选举惩戒值每隔预设时长减去预设值。例如，DF选举惩戒值每隔2h减去1。即，2h后DF选举惩戒值为3，4h后DF选举惩戒值为2，以此类推。最后，DF选举惩戒值为0时，DF选举惩戒值不再减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中，若DF选举惩戒值大于或等于惩戒阈值，则停止DF选举；若DF选举惩戒值小于惩戒阈值，则恢复DF选举。
举例来说，在1h内，DF的选举次数为5次等于惩戒阈值，则停止DF选举。此时，DF的使用带宽大于或等于预设带宽阈值时，也可以不再重新选举DF。在2h后，DF选举惩戒值为4，此时若DF的使用带宽大于或等于预设带宽阈值时，可以重新选举DF。具体的DF选举方法可以参见上述方法1-方法8，在此不再赘述。
以上，通过图1-图4介绍了本申请实施例的指定转发器的选举方法，以下通过图5-图6介绍本申请实施例的指定转发器的选举设备。
如图5所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种指定转发器的选举设备，该设备包括处理器500、存储器501和收发机502；
处理器500负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器501可以存储处理器500在执行操作时所使用的数据。收发机502用于在处理器500的控制下接收和发送数据。
总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器500代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器501代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设 备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。处理器500负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器501可以存储处理器500在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本发明实施例揭示的流程，可以应用于处理器500中，或者由处理器500实现。在实现过程中，信号处理流程的各步骤可以通过处理器500中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。处理器500可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器、专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件，可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器501，处理器500读取存储器501中的信息，结合其硬件完成指定转发器选举流程的步骤。
具体地，收发机502用于接收其它服务提供商边缘设备PE发送的带宽通知消息；所述第一PE和所述其它PE与第一用户网络边缘设备CE连接；所述带宽通知消息中包含所述其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息；
处理器500，用于读取存储器501中的程序并执行本申请实施例中的指定转发器的选举方法，例如可以根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举指定转发器DF。
图6给出了一种指定转发器的选举设备600的结构示意图。设备600可用于实现上述方法实施例中描述的方法，可以参见上述方法实施例中的说明。所述设备600可以是芯片，网络设备(如基站)，终端设备或者其他网络设备等。
所述设备600包括一个或多个处理器601。所述处理器601可以是通用处理器或者专用处理器等。例如可以是基带处理器、或中央处理器。基带处理器可以用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，中央处理器可以用于对设备(如，基站、终端、或芯片等)进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。所述设备可以包括收发单元，用以实现信号的输入(接收)和输出(发送)。例如，设备可以为芯片，所述收发单元可以是芯片的输入和/或输出电路，或者通信接口。所述芯片可以用于终端或基站或其他网络设备。又如，设备可以为终端或基站或其他网络设备，所述收发单元可以为收发器，射频芯片等。
所述设备600包括一个或多个所述处理器601，所述一个或多个处理器601可实现图4所示的实施例中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中，所述设备600包括用于选举指定转发器DF的部件(means)，以及用于接收其它服务提供商边缘设备PE发送的带宽通知消息的部件(means)。可以通过一个或多个处理器来实现所述选举指定转发器DF的means以及接收其它服务提供商边缘设备PE发送的带宽通知消息的means的功能。例如可以通过一个或多个处理器选举指定转发器DF，通过收发器、或输入/输出电路、或芯片的接口接收其它服务提供商边缘设备PE发送的带宽通知消息。所述带宽通知消息可以参见上述方法实施例中的相关描述。
可选的，处理器601除了实现图4所示的实施例的方法，还可以实现其他功能。
可选的，一种设计中，处理器601可以执行指令，使得所述设备600执行上述方法实施例中描述的方法。所述指令可以全部或部分存储在所述处理器内，如指令603，也可以 全部或部分存储在与所述处理器耦合的存储器602中，如指令604，也可以通过指令603和604共同使得设备600执行上述方法实施例中描述的方法。
在又一种可能的设计中，设备600也可以包括电路，所述电路可以实现前述方法实施例中的功能。
在又一种可能的设计中所述设备600中可以包括一个或多个存储器602，其上存有指令604，所述指令可在所述处理器上被运行，使得所述设备600执行上述方法实施例中描述的方法。可选的，所述存储器中还可以存储有数据。可选的处理器中也可以存储指令和/或数据。例如，所述一个或多个存储器602可以存储上述实施例中所描述的路由更新消息等。所述处理器和存储器可以单独设置，也可以集成在一起。
在又一种可能的设计中，所述设备600还可以包括收发单元605以及天线606。所述处理器601可以称为处理单元，对设备(终端或者基站)进行控制。所述收发单元605可以称为收发机、收发电路、或者收发器等，用于通过天线606实现设备的收发功能。
应注意，本申请实施例中的处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被计算机执行时实现上述任一方法实施例所述的指定转发器的选举方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品被计算机执行时实现上述任一方法实施例所述的指定转发器的选举方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(Digital Subscriber Line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，高密度数字视频光盘(Digital Video Disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(Solid State Disk，SSD))等。
本申请实施例还提供了一种指定转发器的选举装置，包括处理器和接口；所述处理器，用于执行上述任一方法实施例所述的指定转发器的选举方法。
应理解，上述处理装置可以是一个芯片，所述处理器可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现，当通过硬件实现时，该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等；当通过软件来实现时，该处理器可以是一个通用处理器，通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现，改存储器可以集成在处理器中，可以位于所述处理器之外，独立存在。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”或“一实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
另外，本文中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本申请实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本申请可以用硬件实现，或固件实现，或它们的组合方式来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以将上述功能存储在计算机可读介质中或作为计算机可读介质上的一个或多个指令或代码进行传输。计算机可读介质包括计算机存储介质和通信介质，其中通信介质包括便于从一个地方向另一个地方传送计算机程序的任何介质。存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。以此为例但不限于：计算机可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质。此外。任何连接可以适当的成为计算机可读介质。例如，如果软件是使用同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、数字用户线(DSL)或者诸如红外线、无线电和微波之类的无线技术从网站、服务器或者其他远程源传输的，那么同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、DSL或者诸如红外线、无线和微波之类的无线技术包括在所属介质的定影中。如本申请所使用的，盘(Disk)和碟(disc)包括压缩光碟(CD)、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟(DVD)、软盘和蓝光光碟，其中盘通常磁性的复制数据，而碟则用激光来光学的复制数据。上面的组合也应当包括在计算机可读介质的保护范围之内。
总之，以上所述仅为本申请技术方案的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种指定转发器的选举方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一服务提供商边缘设备PE接收其它PE发送的带宽通知消息；所述第一PE和所述其它PE与第一用户网络边缘设备CE连接；所述带宽通知消息中包含所述其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息；
    所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举指定转发器DF。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF，包括：
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取可用带宽或可用带宽率最大的PE作为DF；或者，
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取使用带宽率最小的PE作为DF；或者，
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同虚拟局域网VLAN或用于不同以太虚拟专用网络EVPN实例的DF；其中，可用带宽或可用带宽率越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量越大；或者，
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF；其中，使用带宽率越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例数量越大；
    其中，所述可用带宽.可用带宽率和所述使用带宽率根据所述带宽信息确定。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同虚拟局域网VLAN或用于不同以太虚拟专用网络EVPN实例的DF，包括：
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例；或者，
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF，包括：
    所述第一PE在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可用带宽可以是以下中的任意一项：
    平均可用带宽.最少可用带宽。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：
    平均可用带宽率.最少可用带宽率。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述使用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：
    平均使用带宽率.峰值使用带宽率。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述带宽通知消息为路由更新消息。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述带宽信息包括以下中的部分或全部：
    链路带宽.平均使用带宽.峰值使用带宽。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一PE根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF之后，还包括：
    若所述DF的峰值使用带宽大于或等于第一阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    每预设周期重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    若所述DF的峰值使用带宽率大于或等于第二阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    若所述DF的可用带宽率小于或等于第三阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    若所述DF的可用带宽小于或等于第四阈值，则重新进行DF选举。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若DF选举惩戒值大于或等于惩戒阈值，则停止DF选举；所述DF选举惩戒值与DF的选举次数正相关，且与时间负相关；
    若所述DF选举惩戒值小于惩戒阈值，则恢复DF选举。
  11. 一种指定转发器的选举设备，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于接收其它服务提供商边缘设备PE发送的带宽通知消息；所述第一PE和所述其它PE与第一用户网络边缘设备CE连接；所述带宽通知消息中包含所述其它PE与第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息；
    处理单元，用于根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举指定转发器DF。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取可用带宽或可用带宽率最大的PE作为DF；或者，
    在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，选取使用带宽率最小的PE作为DF；或者，
    在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同虚拟局域网VLAN或用于不同以太虚拟专用网络EVPN实例的DF；其中，可用带宽或可用带宽率越大的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN数量越大；或者，
    在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的大小，选举用于不同VLAN或用于不同EVPN实例的DF；其中，使用带宽率越小的DF所用于的VLAN或EVPN实例数量越大；
    其中，所述可用带宽.可用带宽率和所述使用带宽率根据所述带宽信息确定。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的可用带宽或可用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例；或者，
    在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中，按照所述其它PE和所述第一PE的使用带宽率的比例确定被选举为DF的各PE所分别用于的VLAN或EVPN实例的数量的比例。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述可用带宽可以是以下中的任意一项：
    平均可用带宽.最少可用带宽。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述可用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：
    平均可用带宽率.最少可用带宽率。
  16. 根据权利要求12或13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述使用带宽率可以是以下中的任意一项：
    平均使用带宽率.峰值使用带宽率。
  17. 根据权利要求11-16任一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述带宽通知消息为路由更新消息。
  18. 根据权利要求11-17任一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述带宽信息包括以下中的部分或全部：
    链路带宽.平均使用带宽.峰值使用带宽。
  19. 根据权利要求11-18所述的设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    根据所述其它PE的带宽信息和第一PE与所述第一CE之间的链路的带宽信息，在所述第一PE和所述其它PE中选举DF之后，若所述DF的峰值使用带宽大于或等于第一阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    每预设周期重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    若所述DF的峰值使用带宽率大于或等于第二阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    若所述DF的可用带宽率小于或等于第三阈值，则重新进行DF选举；和/或，
    若所述DF的可用带宽小于或等于第四阈值，则重新进行DF选举。
  20. 根据权利要求11-19任一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    若DF选举惩戒值大于或等于惩戒阈值，则停止DF选举；所述DF选举惩戒值与DF的选举次数正相关，且与时间负相关；
    若所述DF选举惩戒值小于惩戒阈值，则恢复DF选举。
  21. 一种指定转发器的选举设备，其特征在于，包括处理器和存储器，其中，所述存储器用于存储计算机可执行指令，当所述处理器执行所述计算机可执行指令时，使所述装置执行如权利要求1-10任一所述的方法。
  22. 一种指定转发器的选举设备，其特征在于，包括：处理器和收发器，所述处理器用于通过所述收发器实现通信，并执行如权利要求1-10任一所述的方法。
  23. 一种指定转发器的选举设备，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于与存储器相连，调用所述存储器中存储的程序，以执行如权利要求1-10任一所述的方法。
  24. 一种计算机存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序或指令，其特征在于，所述计算机程序或指令被执行时使得处理器执行如权利要求1-10任一所述的方法。
  25. 一种芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片与存储器耦合，用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序指令，以实现如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法。
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