WO2021162572A1 - Diviseur de puissance intelligent et procédé de fourniture de puissance à l'aide du diviseur de puissance intelligent - Google Patents

Diviseur de puissance intelligent et procédé de fourniture de puissance à l'aide du diviseur de puissance intelligent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021162572A1
WO2021162572A1 PCT/RU2020/000067 RU2020000067W WO2021162572A1 WO 2021162572 A1 WO2021162572 A1 WO 2021162572A1 RU 2020000067 W RU2020000067 W RU 2020000067W WO 2021162572 A1 WO2021162572 A1 WO 2021162572A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
energy storage
power splitter
smart
smart power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2020/000067
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yury Vyacheslavovich BUBNOV
Mikhail Sergeevich GRITCKEVICH
Ivan Vladimirovich KOLCHIN
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/RU2020/000067 priority Critical patent/WO2021162572A1/fr
Publication of WO2021162572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021162572A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/106—Parallel operation of dc sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power management, and more particularly to power supply management.
  • the electrical grid may consist of many independent energy sources energizing the electrical grid in addition to utility companies energizing the grid, with each independent energy source being referred to as a distributed power generation system.
  • the modern electrical grid network includes the utility power sources, consumer loads, and the distributed power generation systems which also supply electrical power to the electrical grid.
  • the number and types of distributed power generation systems energy storage systems is growing rapidly and can include photovoltaics , wind, hydro, fuel cells, storage systems such as battery, Super-conducting flywheel, and capacitor types, and mechanical devices including conventional and variable speed diesel engines, Stirling engines, gas turbines, and micro-turbines.
  • These distributed power generation systems are connected to the utility network such that they operate in parallel with the utility power sources.
  • Electricity cannot be stored economically in large quantities. Therefore, generation must always equal demand plus energy lost when electricity (power) is transported (transmission losses). If it does not, the power frequency moves away from the setting, for example 50,0 ⁇ 0,4 HZ, and the electrical grid becomes unstable. Generation and supply, therefore, have to remain balanced all the time in order to provide a reliable power supply to consumers and prevent damage to infrastructure such as power lines, transformers and generation plant. This ensures that events such as blackouts are reduced, and expensive and time-consuming corrective works are avoided.
  • an electrical grid operator must ensure that electricity / power generation and demand are balanced across a transmission system on a second by second basis.
  • Such balancing activity is based on bilateral contracting between electricity generators, suppliers and energy storage providers (distributed power generation system providers) who aim to balance their individual contracted positions.
  • storage providers of energy storage systems can participate in this balancing activity by negotiating or biding for the provision of certain types of balancing services.
  • Different types of energy storage systems such as flywheel energy storages, pumped-storage hydroelectricity, chemical batteries (e.g. Lithium Ion, Nickel-Cadmium and Lead-Acid), thermal energy storages, flow batteries - can be used by storage providers to store energy produced when generation exceeds demand and discharge to the electricity grid network to keep the electricity grid system balanced.
  • chemical batteries e.g. Lithium Ion, Nickel-Cadmium and Lead-Acid
  • thermal energy storages e.g. Lithium Ion, Nickel-Cadmium and Lead-Acid
  • flow batteries can be used by storage providers to store energy produced when generation exceeds demand and discharge to the electricity grid network to keep the electricity grid system balanced.
  • the differing services are typically available to different classes of small generators and / or energy storage systems, each having different technical and regulatory requirements.
  • Energy storage providers with multiple energy storage systems will normally decide which generators and / or energy storage systems to be use based on their marginal operating costs. For example, if the wind is blowing, they will prefer to use their wind farms, which have low operating costs, to meet as much contracted output as possible before turning to fossil fuel plant. Energy storage providers with multiple energy storage systems or with only one energy storage system potentially can provide, sometimes simultaneously, several different services under different contracts with the electrical grid operator to balance the electrical grid. However, if a contract requirement under which such balancing services are provided is not satisfied at a certain moment of time, then the energy storage provider can be penalized or even isolated from the electrical grid .
  • balancing contracts these include: Short Term Operating Reserve (STOR), Demand Management (DM), Fast Reserve and Frequency Response, Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), and etc.
  • STOR Short Term Operating Reserve
  • DM Demand Management
  • EFR Enhanced Frequency Response
  • STOR Short Term Operating Reserve
  • DM Demand Management
  • EFR Enhanced Frequency Response
  • Compliance with balancing requirements is included in individual generation and supply licenses, and storage providers may also negotiate or bid for the provision of certain types of balancing services.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a smart power splitter and a method for providing power to an electricity consumer by means of a smart power splitter to provide power to electricity consumers by dispatching input power of energy storage systems.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a smart power splitter as defined in claim 1 and by a method for providing power to an electricity consumer by means of a smart power splitter as defined in claim 9.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are provided in dependent claims.
  • a smart power splitter comprises at least one input terminal, at least one output terminal, a control unit and a power switch module.
  • Each input terminal is adapted to connect an energy storage system to the smart power splitter
  • each output terminal is adapted to connect an electricity consumer to the smart power splitter.
  • the power switch module is adopted to receive, convert and dispatch input power from the at least one internal terminal to the at least one output terminal.
  • the control unit is configured to operate the power switch module to maintain respective predetermined output power available on each output terminal.
  • a method for providing power to an electricity consumer by means of a smart power splitter (described above) is presented.
  • the method comprises the following steps.
  • At least one energy storage system is connected to the smart power splitter by means of the input terminal. And at least one electricity consumer is connected to the smart power splitter by means of the output terminal. For each output terminal of the smart power splitter output power that should be available on the respective output terminal is determined. And finally, power to each electricity consumer is provided by dispatching input power from the at least energy storage system that is connected to the smart power splitter to each electricity consumer that is connected to the smart power splitter by means of the output terminal but no more that the predetermined output power.
  • the present invention is based on the insight that the power switch of the smart power splitter under operation of the control unit is able to receive input power from the one or more energy storage systems , convert such received input power to the output power per requirements set for each output terminal; and dispatch the output power to the respective output terminal, but no more that the predetermined output power for the respective output terminal.
  • each electricity consumer connected to the respective output terminal can consume output power available on the respective output terminal.
  • each electricity consumer that is connected to the smart power splitter 'sees' / identifies a source of power with respective predetermined output power and does not 'see' / identify real energy storage systems that are connected to the smart power splitter.
  • each electrical consumer identifies that it is connected to a virtual battery with predetermined characteristics that is emulated by the smart power splitter.
  • the smart power splitter emulates one or more virtual batteries with defined characteristics (voltage, current, capacity, power, etc.) that are assigned to the respective output terminal.
  • the smart power splitter 'couples' power from the energy storage systems connected to it and 'assigns' / allocates power between virtual batteries emulated by the smart power splitter and further 'shares' power between electricity consumers that are connected to the smart power splitter.
  • Each such electrical consumer can't identify what real energy storage systems are connected to the smart power splitter and can't identify other electrical consumers that might be connected to the same smart power splitter.
  • using such smart power splitter makes possible to connect plurality of the electricity consumers to one ot more energy storage system and each electricity consumer will identify only his own virtual battery with predetermined characteristics that is emulated by the smart power splitter.
  • the present invention is proposed to provide a new smart power splitter, a new method for providing power to an electricity consumer by means of a smart power splitter to manage one or more energy storage systems to provide power in accordance with reguirements settled by each electricity consumer connected to such smart device to provide various balancing services to the electrical grid, to facilitate revenue generation from wholesale electricity markets.
  • control unit of the smart power splitter is further, adopted to receive data from each energy storage system, which comprises information about the state of the respective energy storage system.
  • This feature allows the smart power splitter to get different information about each energy storage system that is connected to the smart power splitter. Such information can be used by the smart power splitter to operate the power switch module in a way to optimize available input power.
  • control unit is further able to monitor a state of the energy storage systems that are connected to the smart power splitter based on the received data from the respective energy storage system.
  • control unit is further able to process these received data, e.g. to evaluate the state of energy storage systems based on the received data, and further to predict / forecast the state of the energy storage system in the upcoming time and in the future.
  • control unit may be able to forecast several scenarios of state of the energy storage system, based on, for example, consumption of the electricity consumer. Therefore, the smart power splitter by means of the control unit can operate the power switch in the way to provide the optimal use of each energy storage systems.
  • the control unit (103) is further adopted to receive data from at least one external information system.
  • external information system can contain different information about electricity markets (e.g. balancing contracts available, prices, etc.), electricity consumers (e.g. requirements of electricity consumers, schedule of electricity consumption, etc.), energy storage systems (e.g. availability of energy storage systems, prices, special requirements, etc.), weather (e.g. weather forecasts, etc.).
  • This feature allows the smart power splitter to operate the power switch in the way to provide the optimal use of each energy storage systems taking into account external information .
  • control unit comprises a user policy and rules engine to specify a set of power management policies for the at least one input terminal and / or for the at least one output terminal .
  • control unit is further configured to operate the power switch module in the way to optimize usage of power of each energy storage system that is connected to the respective input terminal. Such optimization of power usage is based on the data received from each energy storage system connected to the smart power splitter and / or power management policies specified for each input terminal and / or for each output terminal .
  • this feature allows to achieve stability and reliability in providing power to the electricity consumers.
  • the optimization of power usage can be further based on the data received from the at least one external information database.
  • the smart power splitter further comprises a user interface to specify the power management policies and to monitor the smart power splitter .
  • Such the user interface can be implemented into the control unit or can be performed as a separate unit of the smart power splitter.
  • the user interface can be performed as a telemetry terminal. This feature makes the smart power splitter user- friendly.
  • Such user interface allows an owner / an operator of the smart power splitter supervise and monitor the operation of the smart power splitter, set up the power management policies, set up the predetermined output power for the output terminals in user-friendly way.
  • the method further comprises a step of specifying power management policies for the at least one input terminal of the smart power splitter and / or the at least one output terminal of the smart power splitter.
  • control unit of the smart power splitter comprises a user policy and rules engine to specify a set of power management policies for the at least one input terminal and / or for the at least one output terminal.
  • This feature allows define power management rules / policies for input and / or output terminals, that results in controlling power that is took from energy storage systems (e.g. not to over discharge energy storage systems, or to keep the same level of charge on all energy storage systems) and controlling power that is provided to the output terminals to the electricity consumers (e.g. to meet specific requirement that set up by the electricity consumers).
  • At least one state of at least one energy storage system, that is connected to the smart power splitter is monitored.
  • control unit of the smart power splitter is further configured to receive data from each energy storage system and to monitor a state of the energy storage systems that are connected to the smart power splitter based on the received data from the respective energy storage system. Wherein such received data comprises information about the state of the respective energy storage system.
  • This feature allows to control the state of the energy storage systems to forecast / estimate the ability of the energy storage systems to provide energy in the required volume. For example, state of the health and / or state of discharge of each energy storage system might be monitored.
  • control unit of the smart power splitter is further adopted to receive data from at least one external information system.
  • received data from the at least external information system may comprise information about expected power consumption of each electricity consumer that is connected to the smart power splitter; and / or information about prices each electricity consumer is ready to pay for the consumed power.
  • Receiving different data from external information systems helps optimizing and forecasting of how power can be needed. Additionally, this feature may facilitate revenue generation from wholesale electricity markets.
  • optimization of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system that is connected to the smart power splitter is performed.
  • Such optimization of power usage can be based on the data received from the external information database, and / or power management policies specified for the at least one input terminal of the smart power splitter and / or the at least one output terminal of the smart power splitter, and / or the data received from each energy storage system connected to the smart battery splitter.
  • processing these data and forecasting potential consumption by the electricity consumers and / or potential state (degradation) of the energy storage systems it is possible, e.g.: to prolongate the life of energy storage systems that are connected to the smart power splitter; to guarantee stability in providing power to the electricity consumers; to get more benefit for an owner of the energy storage systems .
  • such optimization of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system comprises forecasting how much power is supposed to be provided to each electricity consumers connected to the smart power splitter over a given time period based on power management policies specified for each one output terminal of the smart power splitter; and furthermore, estimating state of each energy storage system over the given time period based on data received from each energy storage system is estimated.
  • optimization of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system is performed in such way to minimize operating costs [e.g. by decreasing downtime of the energy storage systems, by decreasing underutilization of capacity of the energy storage systems, ] of all energy storage systems connected to the smart power splitter.
  • This feature allows an owner / an operator of the energy storage systems to minimize their operating costs over the given period of time.
  • the optimization of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system is performed in such way to maximize income received from all electricity consumers connected to the smart power splitter over the given time period.
  • the income is based on forecasted prices each electricity consumer is ready to pay for the consumed power, wherein such prices are received from the at least one external information system.
  • an owner / an operator of the energy storage systems can buy electricity (power) when prices are low, storing this power and selling it / using when prices are high.
  • This feature allows an owner / an operator of the energy storage systems to maximize income received from all electricity consumers connected to the smart power splitter over the given time period.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the smart power splitter in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the smart power splitter in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the smart power splitter in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the method for providing power to an electricity consumer by means of a smart power splitter in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the for providing power to an electricity consumer by means of a smart power splitter in accordance with the present invention
  • first, second, or the like may be used to describe different elements, but the elements are not limited by those terms. The terms may be used to distinguish one element from other elements.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a smart power splitter 100 that comprises at least one input terminal 101, at least one output terminal 102, a control unit 103 and a power switch module 104.
  • the smart power splitter 100 can comprise one or more input terminals 101 and one or more output terminals 102. There can be equal number of input 101 and output 102 terminals or different number of input 101 and output 102 terminals (as it is shown on FIG 2). It depends on the equipment - number of energy systems 1 and number electricity consumers 2 - that should be connected to the smart power splitter 100.
  • the at least one input terminal 101 is adapted to connect an energy storage system 1 to the smart power splitter 100. Only one energy storage system 1 can be connected to one input terminal 101. However, because the smart power splitter 100 can have a plurality of input terminals 101, plurality of the energy storage systems 1 can be connected to the smart power splitter 100. Also, in case the smart power splitter 100 have a plurality of input terminals 101, some input terminals 101 can have energy storage systems 1 connected to them, while other input terminals 101 can stay unconnected.
  • the energy storage system 1 can be any of different types sources of energy, such as: a battery storage system that contains at least one battery pack and / or at least one battery module; or hybrid battery storage system such as supercapacitor and, for example, li-ion batteries; or renewable energy source such as solar panel and wind turbine; or small hydroelectric generators, and / or any combination of energy sources.
  • a battery storage system that contains at least one battery pack and / or at least one battery module
  • hybrid battery storage system such as supercapacitor and, for example, li-ion batteries
  • renewable energy source such as solar panel and wind turbine
  • small hydroelectric generators and / or any combination of energy sources.
  • the key feature of such energy storage system 1 is its ability to provide input power, i.e. input voltage and / or input current, to the respective input terminal 101 such energy storage system 1 is connected to.
  • the at least one output terminal 102 of the smart power splitter 100 is adapted to connect an electricity consumer 2 to the smart power splitter 100. Only one electricity consumer 2 can be connected to one output terminal 102. However, because the smart power splitter 100 can have a plurality of output terminals 102, plurality of the electricity consumers 2 can be connected to the smart power splitter 100. Also, in case the smart power splitter 100 have a plurality of output terminals 102, some output terminals 102 can have electricity consumers 2 connected to them, while other output terminals 102 can stay unconnected .
  • the electricity consumer 2 can be any of different types of consumers of electricity. It can be any load that consumes electric power. It can be, for example, an electricity grid.
  • the key feature of such electricity consumer 2 is its ability to consume electrical power. Such consumption can be on permanent basis, or from time to time basis, or arbitrary. Such consumption can be done in accordance with specific and / or predefined schedule and / or arbitrary.
  • the smart power splitter 100 comprises the power switch module 104, that is adopted to receive, convert and dispatch input power from the at least one internal terminal 101 to the at least one output terminal 102.
  • the power switch module 104 is able: to receive the input power from the energy storage system 1 by the respective input terminal 101; to convert this input power into the output power, i.e. to convert the input power to the power - output power - that fits the requirements defined for the respective output terminal (e.g. produce AC from DC power) ; and to provide this output power to the output terminal 102 where it can be consumed by the respective electricity consumer 2.
  • the input power received by the input terminal 101 can differ from the output power that is required to be provided to the output terminal 102 for further consuming by the respective electricity consumer 2.
  • converting is required.
  • Such converting performed by the power switch module 104 can be of different types - e.g. converting from direct current to alternating current, emulation of hysteresis effect, internal resistance and capacitance, emulation of particular chemistry, etc.
  • converting can be not required - e.g. in case the input power matches the requirements of the particular electricity consumer 2. Therefore, there is no converting needed.
  • the smart power splitter 100 comprises the control unit 103 that is configured to operate the power switch module 104 to maintain respective predetermined output power with predetermined characteristics (e.g. voltage, current, power, capacity, current-voltage characteristics of particular chemistry etc.) available on each output terminal 101 for further consuming by the respective electricity consumer 2.
  • the predetermined output power can be different for each output terminal 102 or can be the same for all output terminals 102. It depends on the electricity consumers 2 connected to particular output terminal 102. Also, the predetermined output power may stay constant over the time, or may change over the time per given schedule, per electricity customer 2 demand, or arbitrary .
  • control unit 103 can have different features that, in fact, makes the present power splitter a smart one.
  • the control unit 103 be further adopted to receive data from each energy storage system 1, which comprises information about the state of the respective energy storage system 1.
  • Such data received from each energy storage system 1 may comprise information, for example, about state of charge and / or state of discharge, depth of discharge, state of health of the respective energy storage system 1, state of power, and / or any other data that can be used to calculate / evaluate the state of the respective energy storage system 1. Also, such data received from each energy storage system 1 may comprise raw data about the respective energy storage system 1 that can be used for further evaluating and / or calculating of the state of this respective energy storage system 1.
  • control unit 103 can be adopted to monitor a state of each energy storage system 1 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100 based on the received data from the respective energy storage system 1.
  • Such monitoring means controlling the current state of each energy storage system 1, possibly storing the information about the state of each energy storage system 1 and, additionally, predicting / forecasting the state of each energy storage system 1 for the future for a given future period of time.
  • the given future period of time is defined by experts and depends on the tasks set before the smart power splitter 100.
  • control unit 103 is further able to process these received data, e.g. to evaluate the state of energy storage systems 1 based on the received data, and further to predict / forecast the state of the energy storage system 1 in the upcoming time and in the future.
  • control unit 103 may perform all functions of Battery Management System (BMS) as for each energy storage systems 1 and for all energy storage systems 1 in whole as well. So, the control unit 103 of the smart power splitter 100 may, e.g., count electricity flow separately for each energy storage system 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100; control / monitor discharging and / or charging process of the energy storage system 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100; monitoring different characteristics (e.g. temperature, current, voltage) of the energy storage system 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100; and etc. Also, monitoring of the state of the energy storage systems 1 may include gathering and storing statistics (e.g. date of production, number of charge cycles to date, type of cells, cell output voltage, and regulated output Voltage, etc.) related to each energy storage system 1 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100 .
  • statistics e.g. date of production, number of charge cycles to date, type of cells, cell output voltage, and regulated output Voltage, etc.
  • control unit 103 may be able to forecast several scenarios of state of the energy storage system 1, based on, for example, consumption of the electricity consumer 2.
  • control unit 103 is able (i) to receive data from each energy storage system 1 and further, to estimate / calculate the state of the respective energy storage system 1 base on this received data, and / or (ii) to receive data from each energy storage system 1 that already comprises information about the state of the respective energy storage system 1.
  • control unit 103 can be further adopted to receive data from at least one external information system 3.
  • external information system 3 nay contain different information about electricity markets (e.g. balancing contracts available, prices, forecasted day-ahead market electricity prices, etc.), electricity consumers (e.g. requirements of electricity consumers, schedule of electricity consumption, etc.), energy storage systems (e.g. availability of energy storage systems, prices, special requirements, etc.), weather (e.g. weather forecasts, etc.).
  • control unit 103 comprises a user policy and rules engine 105 to specify a set of power management policies for the at least one input terminal 101 and / or for the at least one output terminal 102.
  • each input terminal 101 how to use power from the respective energy storage system 1 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100 - i.e. operating schedules for energy storage systems 1. For example, within the day with windy weather wind energy storage system 1 (which has low operating cost) can be of preferences to use, while during other period of day li-ion batteries should be used to provide power to the smart power splitter 100.
  • power management policies for the particular output terminal 102 may comprise specific schedules of providing power to the output terminals, and / or different characteristics of predetermined output power for different period of time for the particular output terminal 102, and / or limitations of power consumption for the particular electricity consumer 2 through the respective output terminal 102.
  • the power management policies for particular output terminal 102 may include rules and requirements that are defined by the balancing contract under which the power is provided to the particular electricity consumer 2.
  • control unit 103 is further configured to operate the power switch module 104 in the way to optimize usage of power of each energy storage system 1 that is connected to the respective input terminal 101. Such optimization of power usage is based on the data received from each energy storage system 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100 and / or power management policies specified for each input terminal 101 and / or for each output terminal 102.
  • the smart power splitter 100 by the control unit 103 can operate the power switch module 104 in such way to optimize usage of power of each energy storage system 1 that is connected to the respective input terminal 101 - e.g. not to allow over discharging or over charging of the energy storage systems 1, or to keep all the energy storage systems balanced, etc.
  • different energy storage systems 1 that are connected to the smart power splitter 100 and / or different combination of the energy storage systems 1 that are connected to the smart power splitter 100 can be used to get required input power to provide enough output power needed for each electricity consumer 2.
  • Optimal usage of the power from the energy storage systems 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100 may bring / improve the stability and reliability in power supply, e.g. by achieving voltage stability, power quality while providing power to the electricity consumers 2 connected to the smart power splitter 100.
  • control unit 103 In case the control unit 103 is adopted to received data from the at least one external information database 3, the optimization of the power usage can be done base on such on the data received from the at least one external information database 3.
  • electricity markets e.g. balancing contracts available, prices, etc.
  • electricity consumers e.g. requirements of electricity consumers, schedule of electricity consumption, etc.
  • energy storage systems e.g. availability of energy storage systems, prices, special requirements, etc.
  • weather e.g. weather forecasts, etc.
  • an owner / an operator of the energy storage systems 1 can buy electricity (power) when prices are low, storing this power and selling it / using when prices are high.
  • the smart power splitter 100 can comprise a user interface 106 to specify the power management policies and to monitor the smart power splitter 100.
  • a user interface 106 can be performed within the control unit 103 or can be performed as a separate module of the smart power splitter 100.
  • the user interface 106 can be performed as a telemetry terminal.
  • the user interface can be performed as a separate remote module that allows remote access to the control unit 103 of the smart power splitter 100 to specify the power management policies and to monitor the smart power splitter 100.
  • the monitoring of the smart power splitter 100 means receiving information about the state of the energy storage systems 1 that are connected to the smart power splitter 100 by the respective input terminals 101, in case this information is available.
  • input power, that was received / taken from the energy storage systems 1 that are connected to the smart power splitter 100 output power that was provided by the power switch module 104 to the output terminals 102 and further taken by each electricity consumer 2 that is connected to the output terminal 102, and etc.
  • control unit 103 may be implemented by various protocols (e.g. wireless, Ethernet).
  • the at least one energy storage system 1 should be connected to the smart power splitter 100 by means of the input terminal 101.
  • the at least one energy storage system 1 and the smart power splitter are electrically connected through the respective input terminal 102.
  • At a step 202 at least one electricity consumer 2 to the smart power splitter 100 by means of the output terminal 102.
  • one or more electricity consumers 2 can be connected to the smart power splitter 100 by means of the output terminals 102. So, the at least one electricity consumer 2 1 and the smart power splitter are electrically connected through the respective output terminal 103.
  • output power for each output terminal 102 of the smart power splitter 100 should be determined to satisfy the requirements of an electricity consumer 2 that is connected to the respective output terminal 103.
  • the steps 201, 202, 203 of the method 200 for providing power to an electricity consumer 2 by means of a smart power splitter 100 may be performed simultaneously, or successively, but in arbitrary order.
  • power to each electricity consumer 2 is provided by dispatching input power from the at least energy storage system 1 that is connected by means of the respective input terminal 101 to each electricity consumer 2 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100 by means of the output terminal (102) no more than the predetermined output power.
  • the predetermined output power is an upper limit of energy / power consumption determined for the particular electricity consumer 2.
  • one or more energy storage systems 1 are connected to the smart power splitter 100 through the respective input terminals 101.
  • One or more electricity consumers 2 are connected to the smart power splitter 100 through the respective output terminal 102.
  • output power level should be determined wherein the output power level that satisfy the requirements of each electricity consumer that is connected to the respective output terminal 102.
  • the power to each electricity consumer is provided by means of the smart power splitter 100. So, it means that a virtual battery 108 with the predetermined output power is emulated in the smart power splitter 100. Number of such emulated virtual batteries 108 depends on the number of output terminals 102.
  • FIG 3 illustrates virtual batteries 108, wherein the virtual batteries 108 actually do not exist in the smart power splitter 100, so that the virtual batteries 108 are drawn with dashed lines .
  • the power switch module 104 of the smart power splitter 100 is electrically connected to the input terminal 101, and as a result is electrically connected to the one or more energy storage system 1. At the same time, the power switch module 104 is electrically connected to the output terminals 102, that means that the power switch module 104 is also electrically connected to the respective electricity consumers
  • the power switch module 104 Due to the fact, that the power switch module 104 is adopted to receive, convert and dispatch power, the power switch module 104 receives power - input power - from the energy storage systems 1 through the respective input terminals 101, further converts the power in accordance with commands of the control unit 103 - convert from input power to output power, and further provides / dispatches power - output power - to the respective output terminal 102, from which this output power can be consumed by the respective electricity consumer
  • Conversion of the power from the input power received into the output power provided to the respective output terminal 102 is performed under control of the control unit 103. Additionally, the control unit 103 controls that the power - output power - available in the respective output terminal 102 is not exceed the predetermined output power as it was settled for each output terminal 102 at the step 203 of the method 200.
  • the smart power splitter works in such way that each electricity consumer 2 does not 'see' / identify other electricity consumers 2 connected to other output terminals 102, does not identify how many energy storage systems 1 are connected to the smart power splitter 100. What is more important is that each electricity consumer 2 identifies its own virtual battery (virtual energy storage system) 108 with the predetermined output power level available wherein such predetermined output power level is defined specifically for this particular electricity consumer 2 at the step 203. Therefore, such smart power splitter 100 allows simulate one or more virtual batteries (virtual energy storage systems) 108 with given parameters that can differ from real parameters of one or more energy storage systems 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100.
  • step 204 of providing power to each electricity consumer 2 can be performed before the step 204 of providing power to each electricity consumer 2 by dispatching input power from the at least energy storage system 1.
  • Such steps allows to predict / forecast and optimize the usage of the power from the energy storage systems 1 and provide power to the electricity consumers with good quality and satisfy the requirements of the electricity consumers that are connected to the smart power splitter by the output terminal.
  • the virtual battery 108 emulated by the smart power splitter 100 is under control of the control unit 103, it is possible to emulate 'ideal' virtual battery 108 that has stable, time-independent characteristic (i.e. voltage does not depend on current, no hysteresis, no degradation, etc.), characteristics that do not change over time.
  • time-independent characteristic i.e. voltage does not depend on current, no hysteresis, no degradation, etc.
  • FIG 3 an enhanced embodiment of the method 200 is shown.
  • control unit 103 of the smart power splitter 100 comprises a user policy and rules engine 105 to specify a set of power management policies for the at least one input terminal 101 and / or for the at least one output terminal 102
  • the following step can be performed: before the step 204 of providing power to each electricity consumer 2 by dispatching input power from the at least energy storage system 1, the method 200 may further comprises a step 205 of specifying power management policies for the at least one input terminal 101 of the smart power splitter 100 and / or the at least one output terminal 102 of the smart power splitter 100.
  • specifying power management policies for each input terminal 101 makes possible to optimize the usage of the power from one or more energy storage systems 1, for example, to keep all connected energy storage systems 1 at their best state of the health. Another option is, for example, to operate the power switch module 104 in such way that the power switch module 104 receives the input power from all energy storage systems 1 in such way to have as long power coming as possible. Other reasons for optimizations of usage energy storage systems 1 can be used. Also, some specific schedule, e.g. timetable, can be set for using energy storage systems 1 connected to the input terminals 101.
  • the same power management policies can be specified for the output terminals that are interim block between the power switch module 104 and the respective electricity consumer 2. So, specified such power management policies can comprise different set of rules for output power to be provided to the output terminals 102. For example, specific schedule of providing output power can be specified. Another example is that by setting such power management policies degradation of virtual battery 108 can be emulated. Therefore, the electricity consumer will identify 'not ideal' source of energy when there is no process of degradation, but real source of energy with effect of degradation over the time.
  • the experts should define such power management policies which depend on the task that should be solved by the smart power splitter 100.
  • the control unit 103 of the smart power splitter 100 is further adopted to receive data from each energy storage system 1, which comprises information about the state of the respective energy storage system 1, and moreover, the control unit 103 is adopted to monitor a state of the energy storage systems 1 that are connected to the smart power splitter 100 based on the received data from the respective energy storage system 1.
  • the method 200 further comprises a step 206 of monitoring at least one state of at least one energy storage system 1 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100. Such step 206 is performed before the step 204 of providing power to each electricity consumer 2 by dispatching input power from the at least energy storage system 1.
  • the smart power splitter 100 may monitor the state of energy storage systems 1 that are connected to the smart power splitter. Therefore, the usage of the power from energy storage systems 1 connected to the smart power splitter 100 can be forecasted and optimized.
  • the method 200 further comprises a step 207 of receiving data from at least one external information system 3.
  • Such received data from the external information system 3 may comprises (i) information about expected power consumption of each electricity consumer 1 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100 and / or (ii) information about prices each electricity consumer 1 is ready to pay for the consumed power.
  • the steps 205, 206, 207 of the method 200 for providing power to an electricity consumer 2 by means of a smart power splitter 100 may be performed simultaneously, or successively, but in arbitrary order. However, these steps should be performed after steps 201, 202, 203.
  • the method 200 further comprises a step 208 of optimizing usage of power of the at least one energy storage system 1 that is connected to the smart power splitter 100
  • the optimization 208 of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system 1 comprises the following two steps (shown on FIG 4): a step 209, within which how much power that is supposed to be provided to each electricity consumers 2 over a given time period is forecasted. Such forecast is based on power management policies specified for each one output terminal 102 of the smart power splitter 100; and a step 210, within which state of each energy storage system 2 over the given time period is estimated. Such estimation is based on data received from each energy storage system 1.
  • optimization 208 of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system 1 is performed in such way to minimize operating costs of all energy storage systems connected to the smart power splitter 100.
  • optimization 208 of usage of power of the at least one energy storage system 1 is performed in such way to maximize income received from all electricity consumers 2 connected to the smart power splitter 100 over the given time period.
  • the income is based on forecasted prices each electricity consumer 1 is ready to pay for the consumed power, wherein such prices are received from the at least one external information system 3 at the step 207.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un diviseur de puissance intelligent tel que défini dans la revendication 1 et un procédé pour fournir de la puissance à un consommateur d'électricité au moyen d'un diviseur de puissance intelligent. Le diviseur de puissance intelligent comprend au moins une borne d'entrée, au moins une borne de sortie, une unité de commande et un module de commutation de puissance. Chaque borne d'entrée est adaptée pour connecter un système de stockage d'énergie au diviseur de puissance intelligent et chaque borne de sortie est adaptée pour relier un consommateur d'électricité au diviseur de puissance intelligent. Selon la présente invention, le module de commutation de puissance est adapté pour recevoir, convertir et répartir une puissance d'entrée de l'au moins une borne interne à l'au moins une borne de sortie. Tandis que l'unité de commande est configurée pour faire fonctionner le module de commutation de puissance afin de maintenir une puissance de sortie prédéfinie respective disponible sur chaque borne de sortie. Le procédé de fourniture de puissance à un consommateur d'électricité au moyen d'un diviseur de puissance intelligent comprend les étapes suivantes. Au moins un système de stockage d'énergie est relié au diviseur de puissance intelligent au moyen de la borne d'entrée. Et au moins un consommateur d'électricité est relié au diviseur de puissance intelligent au moyen de la borne de sortie. Pour chaque borne de sortie du diviseur de puissance intelligent, une puissance de sortie qui devrait être disponible sur la borne de sortie respective est déterminée. Et enfin, une puissance est fournie à chaque consommateur d'électricité par répartition d'une puissance d'entrée de l'au moins du système de stockage d'énergie qui est relié au diviseur de puissance intelligent à chaque consommateur d'électricité qui est relié au diviseur de puissance intelligent au moyen de la borne de sortie mais pas plus que la puissance de sortie prédéfinie.
PCT/RU2020/000067 2020-02-12 2020-02-12 Diviseur de puissance intelligent et procédé de fourniture de puissance à l'aide du diviseur de puissance intelligent WO2021162572A1 (fr)

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