WO2021159908A1 - 一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021159908A1
WO2021159908A1 PCT/CN2021/071511 CN2021071511W WO2021159908A1 WO 2021159908 A1 WO2021159908 A1 WO 2021159908A1 CN 2021071511 W CN2021071511 W CN 2021071511W WO 2021159908 A1 WO2021159908 A1 WO 2021159908A1
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electromagnet
flow channel
wear particles
deposition
electromagnetic device
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王黎明
孙佳毅
李方义
李剑峰
李建勇
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
    • B03C1/0335—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit using coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil monitoring devices, in particular to an electromagnetic device and method for orderly deposition of wear particles.
  • Ferrograph technology is a method of separating ferromagnetic wear particles from the lubrication system of mechanical equipment by using a high gradient and strong magnetic field, and then performing observation and analysis.
  • Off-line ferrospectrometers (including direct-reading, analytical and rotary) use permanent magnets with specific structures to achieve orderly deposition of wear particles.
  • the size, concentration, material and morphology information of the wear particles can be obtained through the densitometer, ferrograph microscope and scanning electron microscope.
  • offline analysis is inseparable from the processes of manual sampling, inspection, dilution treatment, etc., and cannot provide real-time information on the wear status of the test object.
  • the on-line ferrospectrometer uses electromagnets to generate a controllable magnetic field, thereby automatically depositing and releasing wear particles. Equipped with photoelectric or image sensors, it can realize on-line monitoring of the wear status of the equipment.
  • the existing on-line ferrospectrometer's deposition device can be divided into three structures: 1) Xi’an Jiaotong University designed the magnet structure based on the direct reading ⁇ analytical ferrospectrometer in the patent "electromagnetic photoelectric on-line ferrospectrometer” An electromagnetic device with adjustable magnetic field. Under the action of a high-gradient strong magnetic field, abrasive particles can be deposited in an orderly manner in the direction of the lubricating oil flow according to their size.
  • the direction of magnetic force in the deposition area of the electromagnetic device used in this patent is perpendicular to the flow direction of the lubricating oil, and the abrasive grain chains in the deposition area are easily "washed out", which theoretically destroys the deposition law of abrasive grains.
  • 2) Xi'an Jiaotong University improved the first electromagnetic device in the patent "short deposition distance image type online ferrograph device and method", shortened the length of the magnetic pole and adjusted the direction of the flow channel parallel to the direction of the magnetic induction intensity of the deposition area.
  • the deposition of large abrasive particles and small abrasive particles can be achieved by changing the flow rate and the coil voltage.
  • Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics designed a permanent magnet device that can be used for online monitoring based on the magnet structure of the rotating ferrospectrometer in the patent "online full-flow visual ferrospectrometer".
  • the two permanent magnets are separated by an electromagnet to eliminate the magnetic field in the deposition area and achieve the purpose of releasing abrasive particles.
  • the deposition device cannot achieve orderly deposition of wear particles, and the mixed use of permanent magnets and electromagnets increases the volume and complexity of the device.
  • the inventor found that in the current deposition device of the online ferrospectrometer, there is no device structure that can effectively realize the orderly deposition of wear particles and obtain the size distribution characteristics of the wear particles.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an electromagnetic device and method for the orderly deposition of wear particles.
  • the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to realize the orderly separation of the wear particles in the deposition area according to the size during the online monitoring process.
  • the wear particles are distributed in a ring shape in the deposition area, which is conducive to the dispersion of abrasive particles and is suitable for monitoring of lubrication systems with larger abrasive particles and higher concentrations.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electromagnetic device for the orderly deposition of wear particles.
  • the device includes an inner magnet, an outer magnet, a flow channel, and a yoke; the center of the inner magnet is provided with a through hole through up and down.
  • the outer surface of the inner magnet is wound with multiple sets of coils; the outer magnet is composed of multiple columns, and is arranged in a circle around the inner magnet with the inner magnet as the center; each column is wound with the coil in the same direction; the winding direction of the outer magnet coil is the same as The winding direction of the inner magnet coil is opposite; the yoke is used to fix the inner magnet and the outer magnet; the center of the yoke is provided with a central hole.
  • the flow channel includes an upper and lower flow channel; the upper flow channel is provided with an oil outlet; the lower flow channel includes an oil inlet pipe and a surface deposition area; the oil inlet pipe is arranged in a through hole in the center of the inner magnet;
  • the track and the magnetic yoke are connected by a buckle to fix the inner and outer magnets.
  • the bottom surfaces of the inner magnet and the outer magnet are provided with bolt holes; the inner ring and the outer ring of the yoke are provided with counterbores; the inner magnet and the outer magnet are connected with the yoke by bolts.
  • the upper flow channel and the lower flow channel are connected by threads.
  • a sealing groove is provided on the surface of the lower flow channel; a sealing groove is provided between the upper flow channel and the lower flow channel.
  • the lower surface of the upper flow channel is optical glass for observing wear particles; the optical glass and the upper part of the flow channel are sealed and bonded with epoxy resin.
  • the gap between the upper runner and the lower runner is 1-2 mm.
  • the upper runner and the lower runner are made of hard aluminum alloy.
  • the bottom surface of the yoke is provided with a groove for placing a buckle; the upper end of the buckle is connected with the lower flow channel in the flow channel by bolts.
  • the buckle is made of duralumin with low magnetic permeability.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a deposition method of the above electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles, the method including the following steps:
  • the opposite poles of the outer electromagnet are a group, and a certain intensity of the same current is passed to a set of outer electromagnet coils and a set of inner electromagnet coils, and the electromagnets will be generated between the lower part of the flow channel and the upper part of the flow channel.
  • a certain intensity of a high-gradient strong magnetic field will cause ferromagnetic particles with a size of 100-200 ⁇ m to be deposited near the annular area with a width of 1-2mm.
  • the photoelectric/image sensor can be used to obtain the wear particles Then the energized coil of the electromagnet is de-energized, the magnetic field in the deposition area is returned to zero, and the deposited wear particles are washed away by the lubricant;
  • the electromagnetic device of the present disclosure adjusts the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap of the inner and outer electromagnets by changing the number of energized coils, and realizes the orderly separation of the wear particles according to the size, which makes it possible to directly obtain the wear particles with the aid of the device.
  • the size information is helpful for the subsequent extraction of wear particle characteristics.
  • changing the number of groups of energized coils can avoid the temperature rise caused by the increase of coil voltage and can extend the service life of the coils.
  • the magnetic field formed between the inner and outer electromagnets of the present disclosure is an adjustable annular slit magnetic field, and the wear particles are distributed in the deposition area in a ring shape. It has a great advantage when the wear particles can be fully separated in a larger annular deposition area, which is convenient for subsequent information collection and image processing. At the same time, the direction of the magnetic field lines of the formed annular magnetic field is the same as the flow direction of the lubricating oil, which avoids the destruction of the deposition law caused by the breakage of the abrasive grain chain.
  • the deposition method of the present disclosure can realize the orderly deposition of the wear particles according to the size within a period of time, thereby effectively obtaining the size distribution information of the abrasive particles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnet in an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a magnetic yoke in an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a deposition area in an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides an electromagnetic device and method for orderly deposition of wear particles.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure discloses an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles, which mainly includes:
  • Inner electromagnet-at least two sets of enameled copper wires are wound on the inner electromagnet column, and the magnetic induction intensity is controlled by controlling the on and off of the current in the coil.
  • the outer electromagnet includes at least two sets of uprights and the number of groups is the same as that of the inner electromagnet copper wires.
  • the uprights are wound with enameled copper wires, and the magnetic induction intensity is controlled by controlling the on and off of the current in each group of coils;
  • Runner-the lubricating oil flows through the deposition area through the runner.
  • an electromagnetic device for the orderly deposition of wear particles in this embodiment includes an electromagnet 1, a buckle 2, a flow channel 3, and the flow channel 3 is arranged above the electromagnet.
  • the internal channel of the electromagnet 1 flows in, and then flows out from the flow channel 3, and the electromagnet 1 and the flow channel 3 are connected together by a buckle.
  • electromagnet 1 includes outer electromagnet 1-1, outer electromagnet coil 1-2, inner electromagnet 1-4, inner electromagnet coil 1-5 and yoke 1-3, outer electromagnet and inner electromagnet It is arranged above the magnetic yoke, which is used to connect the magnetic circuit to transmit the magnetic lines of force; the outer electromagnet 1-2 is provided with six uprights, and each upright is wound with several turns of enameled copper wire in the same winding direction, with two opposite There are three groups of uprights in one group.
  • the outer electromagnet is centered on the inner electromagnet and arranged in a circle around the inner electromagnet to form an inner and outer ring, and there is a certain gap between the inner electromagnet and the outer electromagnet.
  • the center of the inner electromagnet 1-4 is provided with a through hole that penetrates up and down, and the through hole is used to place the oil pipe to realize the lubricating oil flowing into the upper flow channel 3, and the outer surface of the inner electromagnet is also wrapped with three sets of enameled For copper wire, the winding direction of the coil is opposite to the winding direction of the outer electromagnet coil 1-2.
  • the outer electromagnet coil 1-2 and the inner electromagnet coil 1-5 are first energized with the same current, and then a ring air gap between the outer electromagnet 1-2 and the inner electromagnet 1-5 will be generated.
  • the outer electromagnet 1-2, the yoke 1-3 and the inner electromagnet 1-4 are all made of electrical pure iron.
  • the runner 3 in this embodiment mainly includes two parts: a lower part of the runner 3-1 and an upper part of the runner 3-3.
  • the upper part of the runner and the lower part of the runner are detachably connected together, such as through a threaded connection.
  • a downwardly extending oil inlet pipe is set at the center of the part.
  • the oil inlet pipe is used to be placed in the through hole in the center of the inner magnet.
  • the upper surface of the lower part of the runner is the surface deposition area. There is a certain gap between them.
  • the gap is used for the flow of lubricating oil.
  • the surface of the upper part of the flow channel is evenly provided with two oil outlet holes, namely the oil outlet 1 and the oil outlet 2.
  • the oil outlet passes through The upper and lower surfaces are communicated with the gap between the upper part of the flow channel and the lower part of the flow channel, so that the lubricating oil flows out of the flow channel.
  • the surface of the lower runner in this embodiment is provided with a sealing groove.
  • a sealing ring 3 is used in the sealing groove.
  • an optical glass 3-4 is also arranged at the center of the upper part of the flow channel, and the optical glass 3-4 and the upper part 3-3 of the flow channel are sealed and bonded with epoxy resin. In this way, the distribution of wear particles can be observed through the optical glass.
  • the upper surface of the yoke 1-3 in this embodiment can be provided with an inner ring and an outer ring for placing the inner and outer electromagnets, and the outer ring
  • the same inner electromagnet and outer electromagnet Corresponding bolt holes are provided on the bottom surface of the, so that both the outer electromagnet 1-2 and the inner electromagnet 1-4 are fixed on the yoke 1-3 by three bolts, and an annular air gap is formed between the inner and outer magnets.
  • card slots 1-3-4 on both sides of the magnetic yoke 1-3.
  • the number and shape of the card slots are not limited too much.
  • the main purpose is to cooperate with the buckle 2 to fix the electromagnet and the card.
  • the top of the buckle and the lower part of the runner can be connected by bolts, so that modular installation is realized, which is convenient for overall disassembly and maintenance.
  • the specific working principle of the device in this implementation is shown in Figure 5.
  • the lubricating oil enters from the oil inlet of the lower part of the runner and flows radially in a gap of 1 mm between the upper part and the lower part of the runner.
  • the flow direction is in line with the annular magnetic field.
  • the direction of the magnetic field lines is the same.
  • the ferromagnetic particles in the oil are affected by the high-gradient and strong magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 1, so as to be adsorbed on the upper surface of the lower part of the flow channel and distributed in a ring shape, and then the lubricating oil passes through the oil outlet 1 and the oil outlet 2. Outflow.
  • the lower part 3-1 and the upper part 3-3 of the flow channel are made of duralumin.
  • the optical glass 3-4 on the lower surface of the upper part 3-3 of the flow channel can facilitate the observation of wear particles.
  • the magnetic field formed between the inner and outer electromagnets in an electromagnetic device for the orderly deposition of wear particles disclosed in this embodiment is an adjustable annular slit magnetic field.
  • the inner and outer electromagnets can be adjusted by changing the number of energized coils.
  • the magnetic induction intensity in the air gap realizes the orderly separation of the wear particles according to the size to change the number of groups of the energized coil, avoids the temperature rise caused by the increase of the coil voltage, and can prolong the service life of the coil.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also discloses a deposition method of an electromagnetic device for orderly deposition of wear particles, which mainly includes the following steps:
  • the intensity of the annular deposition magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 1 is adjusted by controlling the number of groups of energized coils.
  • the opposite poles of the outer electromagnet form a group, and a certain intensity of the same current is applied to a set of outer electromagnet coils and a set of inner electromagnet coils, and a set of outer electromagnet coils 1-2 and a set of The inner electromagnet coil 1-3 is supplied with a certain intensity of the same current, and the electromagnet 1 will generate a certain intensity of high-gradient strong magnetic field between the lower part 3-1 of the flow channel and the upper part 3-3 of the flow channel.
  • Ferromagnetic particles with a size of 100 ⁇ 200 ⁇ m are deposited near the annular area with a width of 1 ⁇ 2mm.
  • the photoelectric/image sensor can be used to obtain the characteristic information of the worn particles, and then the energized coil of the electromagnet 1
  • the magnetic field in the deposition area returns to zero, and the deposited wear particles are washed away by the lubricating oil.
  • the other two sets of the outer electromagnet coil 1-2 and the other two sets of the inner electromagnet coil 1-3 are energized with a certain intensity of the same current, and the resulting magnetic field will deposit ferromagnetic particles with a size of 50-100 ⁇ m
  • the sensor is used to collect information, and then the coil is de-energized to flush the abrasive particles.
  • the three sets of coils of the outer electromagnet 1-2 and the inner electromagnet 1-3 are energized, and the ferromagnetic particles of 20-50 ⁇ m are deposited. After the preset sampling time is reached, the information is collected and the power is turned off for washing. If you need to continue to collect abrasive information, repeat the above steps, otherwise it ends.
  • the deposition magnetic field of the present invention is an annular slit magnetic field with a large deposition area, which is beneficial to the separation of wear particles, and is suitable for monitoring oil samples with large abrasive particle sizes and high concentrations.

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Abstract

一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，属于润滑油监测装置技术领域，该装置包括内电磁铁（1-4）、外电磁铁（1-1）、外电磁铁线圈（1-2）、内电磁铁线圈（1-5）、流道（3）以及磁轭（1-3）；内电磁铁（1-4）的中心设有通孔；内电磁铁（1-4）的外表面缠绕多组线圈；外电磁铁（1-1）由多段立柱组成，并以内电磁铁（1-4）为中心呈圆周排列分布在内电磁铁（1-4）的四周；每根立柱上按相同方向缠绕线圈；外电磁铁线圈（1-2）缠绕方向与内电磁铁线圈（1-5）缠绕方向相反；磁轭（1-3）用于固定内电磁铁（1-4）和外电磁铁（1-1）；磁轭（1-3）的中心设有中心孔。流道（3）包括流道上部分（3-3）以及流道下部分（3-1）两部分；流道上部分设有出油孔（1，2）；流道下部分包括进油管以及表面沉积区域；进油管设置在内电磁铁中心的通孔中；流道（3）与磁轭（1-3）通过卡扣连接固定内电磁铁（1-4）和外电磁铁（1-1）。通过改变通电线圈的组数调整磁感应强度，实现在线监测过程中磨损颗粒在沉积区域按尺寸大小的有序分离。

Description

一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置及方法 技术领域
本公开属于润滑油监测装置技术领域，特别是一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置及方法。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本公开相关的背景技术，而不必然地构成现有技术。
铁谱技术是利用高梯度强磁场从机械设备的润滑系统中分离出铁磁性磨损颗粒，而后进行观察分析的一种方法。离线式铁谱仪(包括直读式、分析式以及旋转式)利用特定结构的永磁体可以实现对磨损颗粒的有序沉积。通过光密度计、铁谱显微镜以及扫描电子显微镜可以获取磨损颗粒的尺寸、浓度、材料和形貌信息。但离线式分析离不开人工取样、送检、稀释处理等过程，无法实时的提供检测对象的磨损状态信息。在线式铁谱仪利用电磁铁能够产生可控的磁场，从而自动沉积和释放磨损颗粒，配以光电或者图像传感器，可以实现对设备磨损状态的在线监测。
现有的在线式铁谱仪的沉积装置可分为三种结构：1)西安交通大学在专利“电磁光电在线式铁谱仪”中基于直读\分析式铁谱仪的磁铁结构，设计出一种磁场可调的电磁装置，磨粒在高梯度强磁场的作用下能够在润滑油流动方向上按尺寸大小实现有序沉积。但该专利所采用的电磁装置沉积区域的磁力线方向与润滑油的流动方向垂直， 沉积区域的磨粒链容易被“冲垮”，使得理论上磨粒的沉积规律被破坏。2)西安交通大学在专利“短沉积距离图像型在线铁谱装置与方法”中改进了第一种电磁装置，缩短了磁极长度并调整流道方向平行于沉积区的磁感应强度方向。能够通过改变流量和线圈电压实现大磨粒和小磨粒的沉积。但增加线圈电压会使得线圈功耗和温升增大，缩短电磁装置的服役时间。且由于沉积区域的缩小，该专利在处理磨粒尺寸较大、浓度较高的润滑油时容易发生磨粒重叠现象，不利于后续的观察和图像处理。3)南京航空航天大学在专利“在线式全流量可视铁谱仪”中基于旋转式铁谱仪的磁铁结构，设计了一种可用于在线监测的永磁体装置。通过一块电磁铁分离两块永磁体，消除沉积区域的磁场，达到释放磨粒的目的。但该沉积装置无法实现磨损颗粒的有序沉积，并且永磁体和电磁铁的混用增大了装置的体积和复杂程度。
因此，发明人发现现阶段的在线式铁谱仪的沉积装置中，尚且没有一种装置结构能够有效的实现磨损颗粒的有序沉积、获取磨损颗粒的尺寸分布特征。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本公开的目的是提供一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置及方法。通过改变通电线圈的组数调整磁感应强度，实现在线监测过程中磨损颗粒在沉积区域按尺寸大小的有序分离。磨损颗粒在沉积区域呈环形分布，有利于磨粒的分散，适用于磨粒尺寸较大，浓度较高的润滑系统的监测。
为了实现上述目的，本公开是通过如下的技术方案来实现：
本公开的至少一实施例提供了一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，该装置包括内磁铁、外磁铁、流道以及磁轭；所述内磁铁的中心设有上下贯通的通孔；内磁铁的外表面缠绕多组线圈；所述外磁铁由多段立柱组成，并以内磁铁为中心呈圆周排列分布在内磁铁四周；每根立柱上按相同方向缠绕线圈；外磁铁线圈缠绕方向与内磁铁线圈缠绕方向相反；所述磁轭用于固定内磁铁和外磁铁；所述磁轭的中心设有中心孔。所述流道包括上下流道两部分；所述上流道上设有出油孔；所述下流道包括进油管、表面沉积区域；所述进油管设置在内磁铁中心的通孔中；所述流道与磁轭通过卡扣连接固定内外磁铁。
进一步的方案，内磁铁和外磁铁的底面设有螺栓孔；所述磁轭的内圈和外圈上设有沉孔；内磁铁和外磁铁与磁轭通过螺栓连接。
进一步的方案，所述上流道与所述下流道之间通过螺纹连接。
进一步的方案，所述下流道的表面上设有密封槽；所述上流道与所述下流道之间设有密封槽。
进一步的方案，所述上流道的下表面为光学玻璃用于磨损颗粒的观察；所述光学玻璃与流道上部分之间采用环氧树脂胶进行密封粘合。
进一步的方案，上流道与下流道之间的间隙为1-2mm。
进一步的方案，所述上流道与所述下流道采用硬铝合金加工而成。
进一步的方案，所述磁轭底面设有放置卡扣的凹槽；所述卡扣的上端与流道中的下流道通过螺栓连接。
进一步的方案，所述卡扣采用磁导率低的硬铝加工而成。
本公开的至少一实施例还提供了一种上述用于磨损颗粒有序沉 积的电磁装置的沉积方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
a、以外电磁铁相对立的立柱为一组，给一组外电磁铁线圈和一组内电磁铁线圈通以一定强度的相同的电流，电磁铁会在流道下部分和流道上部分之间产生一定强度的高梯度强磁场该磁场会使尺寸为100～200μm的铁磁性颗粒沉积在宽度为1～2mm的环形区域附近，当达到预设的采样时间后，可使用光电/图像传感器获取磨损颗粒的特征信息，随后电磁铁的通电线圈断电，沉积区域的磁场归零，沉积的磨损颗粒被润滑油冲走；
b、给外电磁铁线圈的另外两组和内电磁铁线圈的另外两组线圈通以一定强度的相同电流，产生的磁场会使尺寸为50～100μm的铁磁性颗粒沉积下来，当达到预定的采样量后，使用传感器进行信息的采集，随后线圈断电进行磨粒的冲洗；
c、给外电磁铁和内电磁铁的三组线圈通电，进行20～50μm的铁磁性颗粒的沉积，达到预设的采样时间后，采集信息并断电冲洗；如需继续采集磨粒信息，则重复上述步骤。
上述本公开的实施例的有益效果如下：
(1)本公开的电磁装置通过改变通电线圈的组数来调节内、外电磁铁气隙中的磁感应强度，实现了磨损颗粒按尺寸大小的有序分离，这使得借助本装置可以直接获取磨损颗粒的尺寸信息，有利于后续对磨粒特征的提取。同时，改变通电线圈的组数，避免了因线圈电压的增加而导致的温升，可以延长线圈的使用寿命。
(2)本公开的内、外电磁铁之间形成的磁场为可调节的环形狭 缝磁场，磨损颗粒呈环状分布在沉积区域，这种分布使得本公开在监测磨粒浓度较高的润滑油时有着很大的优势，磨损颗粒能够在较大的环形沉积区域内充分的分隔开，便于后续信息的采集和图像的处理。同时，形成的环形磁场的磁力线方向与润滑油流动方向相同，避免了因磨粒链的断裂造成的沉积规律的破坏。
(3)本公开的沉积方法能够实现一段时间内磨损颗粒按尺寸大小的有序沉积，从而有效获取磨粒的尺寸分布信息。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1是本公开实施例1提供的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置结构示意图；
图2是本公开实施例1提供的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置剖视图；
图3是本公开实施例1提供的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置中电磁铁剖视图；
图4是本公开实施例1提供的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置中磁轭局部剖视图；
图5是本公开实施例1提供的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置中沉积区域示意图。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本公开使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
术语解释部分:本公开中的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或为一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部连接，或者两个元件的相互作用关系，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开的具体含义。
正如背景技术所述现阶段的在线式铁谱仪的沉积装置中，尚且没有一种装置结构能够有效的实现磨损颗粒的有序沉积、获取磨损颗粒的尺寸分布特征。为解决该技术问题本公开提供了一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置及方法。
实施例1：
本公开的实施例1公开了一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，该装置主要包括：
内电磁铁——内电磁铁立柱上缠绕至少两组漆包铜线，通过控制线圈中电流的通断来控制磁感应强度，磁铁中心处有通孔，供流道的安置；
外电磁铁——外电磁铁至少包括两组立柱且组数与内电磁铁铜线的组数相同，立柱上缠绕漆包铜线，通过控制每组线圈中电流的通断来控制磁感应强度；
磁轭——连通磁路，传输磁力线。
流道——润滑油通过流道流经沉积区域。
如图1所示，本实施例中的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，包括电磁铁1、卡扣2、流道3，流道3设置在电磁铁的上方，润滑油从电磁铁1的内部通道流入，再从流道3中流出，电磁铁1与流道3通过卡扣连接一起。
如图2所示，电磁铁1包括外电磁铁1-1、外电磁铁线圈1-2、内电磁铁1-4和内电磁铁线圈1-5以及磁轭1-3，外电磁铁和内电磁铁设置在磁轭上方，磁轭用于连通磁路传输磁力线；其中外电磁铁1-2设有六根立柱，每根立柱上按相同的绕制方向缠绕若干圈漆包铜线，以相对的两根立柱为一组，共有三组。外电磁铁以内电磁铁为中心，呈圆周排列在内电磁铁的四周，形成一个内外环，内电磁铁与外电磁铁之间具有一定的间隙。
进一步，内电磁铁1-4的中心设有上下贯通的通孔，该通孔是用于放置油管实现润换油流入上方的流道3中，内电磁铁的外表面也缠绕三组漆包铜线，线圈的绕制方向与外电磁铁线圈1-2的绕制方向相反。装置运行时，首先给外电磁铁线圈1-2和内电磁铁线圈1-5通以相同的电流，随后会在外电磁铁1-2和内电磁铁1-5之间的环形气隙中产生一个高梯度强磁场，流经流道3中环形沉积区域的磨损颗粒受磁场力的作用被沉积下来，以便进行图像采集。外电磁铁1-2、磁轭1-3以及内电磁铁1-4均采用电工纯铁加工制作。
本实施例中的流道3主要包括流道下部分3-1、流道上部分3-3两 部分，流道上部分与流道下部分可拆卸地连接在一起，比如通过螺纹连接，流道下部分的中心处设置一个向下延伸的进油管，该进油管是用来放置在内磁铁中心的通孔中，流道下部分的上表面为表面沉积区域，流道上部分与流道下部分之间设有一定的间隙，该间隙是用于润滑油的流动，流道上部分的表面均匀地地设有两个出油孔，分别为出油口1和出油口2；该出油孔贯通上下表面，与流道上部分与流道的下部分之间的间隙相连通，这样就实现了润换油从流道中流出。
为了防止润滑油在上流道和下流道之间的间隙的流出，本实施中的下流道的表面设有密封槽，在流道上部分与流道下部分结合的时候，密封槽内使用密封圈3-2与密封槽配合以防止润滑油的泄露。
进一步，本实施中流道的上部分中心处还设置一个光学玻璃3-4，光学玻璃3-4与流道上部分3-3之间采用环氧树脂胶进行密封粘合。这样可以通过光学玻璃观察磨损颗粒的分布情况。
为了实现内电磁铁和外电磁铁的固定，如图3-图4所述，本实施中磁轭1-3的上表面上可设置内圈和外圈用于放置内、外电磁铁，并且外圈和内圈上分别开有3个沉孔1-3-1和3个沉孔1-3-2，对于孔的数量我们不做限制，根据具体的情况确定，同样的内电磁铁和外电磁铁的底面设置相应的螺栓孔，这样外电磁铁1-2和内电磁铁1-4均通过3个螺栓固定在磁轭1-3上，内、外磁铁之间形成一个环形的气隙。磁轭1-3中心处也开有通孔1-3-3，该通孔与内磁铁上的通孔相连通，中心处的通孔1-3-3用于放置流道，供润滑油流通。
除此之外，磁轭1-3的两侧设有卡槽1-3-4，对于卡槽的数量和形 状不做过多的限定，主要是与卡扣2配合以固定电磁铁，卡扣的顶端与流道的下部分可通过螺栓连接，这样就是实现了模块化安装，便于整体的拆卸检修。
本实施的装置具体的工作原理如图5所示，润滑油从流道下部分的进油口进入，在流道上部分和下部分之间1mm的间隙内呈放射状流动，流动方向与环形磁场的磁力线方向一致。油中的铁磁性颗粒受到电磁铁1产生的高梯度强磁场的作用，从而被吸附在流道下部分的上表面上，并呈环形分布，随后润滑油经出油口1和出油口2流出。为了避免流道3被磁场磁化而影响磨粒的分布，同时为了保证具有一定的强度，流道下部分3-1和流道上部分3-3都采用硬铝加工而成。流道上部分3-3的下表面的光学玻璃3-4，可以利于磨损颗粒的观察。
本实施例公开的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置中的内、外电磁铁之间形成的磁场为可调节的环形狭缝磁场，通过改变通电线圈的组数来调节内、外电磁铁气隙中的磁感应强度，实现了磨损颗粒按尺寸大小的有序分离改变通电线圈的组数，避免了因线圈电压的增加而导致的温升，可以延长线圈的使用寿命。
实施例2：
本公开的实施例中还公开了一种磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置的沉积方法主要包括如下步骤：
通过控制通电线圈的组数来调整电磁铁1产生的环形沉积磁场的强度。装置运行时，首先以外电磁铁相对立的立柱为一组，给一组外电磁铁线圈和一组内电磁铁线圈通以一定强度的相同的电流，给一组 外电磁铁线圈1-2和一组内电磁铁线圈1-3通以一定强度的相同的电流，电磁铁1会在流道下部分3-1和流道上部分3-3之间产生一定强度的高梯度强磁场，该磁场会使尺寸为100～200μm的铁磁性颗粒沉积在宽度为1～2mm的环形区域附近，当达到预设的采样时间后，可以使用光电/图像传感器获取磨损颗粒的特征信息，随后电磁铁1的通电线圈断电，沉积区域的磁场归零，沉积的磨损颗粒被润滑油冲走。然后，给外电磁铁线圈1-2的另外两组和内电磁铁线圈1-3的另外两组线圈通以一定强度的相同电流，产生的磁场会使尺寸为50～100μm的铁磁性颗粒沉积下来，当达到预定的采样量后，使用传感器进行信息的采集，随后线圈断电进行磨粒的冲洗。最后，给外电磁铁1-2和内电磁铁1-3的三组线圈通电，进行20～50μm的铁磁性颗粒的沉积，达到预设的采样时间后，采集信息并断电冲洗。如需继续采集磨粒信息，则重复上述步骤，否则结束。
按照上述方法使用本发明，能够实现一段时间内磨损颗粒按尺寸大小的有序沉积，从而有效获取磨粒的尺寸分布信息。而且本发明的沉积磁场为环形的狭缝磁场，沉积区域大，有利于磨损颗粒的分隔，适用于磨粒尺寸大、浓度高的油样的监测。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：该装置包括内磁铁、外磁铁、流道以及磁轭；
    所述内磁铁的中心设有上下贯通的通孔；内磁铁的外表面缠绕多组线圈；
    所述外磁铁由多段立柱组成，并以内磁铁为中心呈圆周排列分布在内磁铁四周；每根立柱上按相同方向缠绕线圈；外磁铁线圈缠绕方向与内磁铁线圈缠绕方向相反；
    所述磁轭用于固定内磁铁和外磁铁；所述磁轭的中心设有中心孔；
    所述流道包括上流道和下流道两部分；所述上流道上设有出油孔；所述下流道包括进油管、表面沉积区域；所述进油管设置在内磁铁中心的通孔中；所述流道与磁轭通过卡扣连接固定内磁铁和外磁铁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：
    内磁铁和外磁铁的底面设有螺栓孔；磁轭的内圈和外圈上设有沉孔；内磁铁和外磁铁与磁轭均通过螺栓连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：所述上流道与所述下流道之间通过螺纹连接。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：
    所述下流道的表面上设有密封槽；所述上流道与所述下流道之间设有密封槽。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：所述上流道的下表面为光学玻璃用于磨损颗粒的观察；所述光学玻璃与 流道上部分之间采用环氧树脂胶进行密封粘合。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：上流道与下流道之间的间隙为1-2mm。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：所述上流道与所述下流道采用硬铝合金加工而成。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：所述磁轭底面设有放置卡扣的凹槽；所述卡扣的上端与流道中的下流道通过螺栓连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置，其特征在于：所述卡扣采用磁导率低的硬铝加工而成。
  10. 一种基于权利要求1所述的用于磨损颗粒有序沉积的电磁装置的沉积方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    a、以外电磁铁相对立的立柱为一组，给一组外电磁铁线圈和一组内电磁铁线圈通以一定强度的相同的电流，电磁铁会在流道下部分和流道上部分之间产生一定强度的高梯度强磁场该磁场会使尺寸为100～200μm的铁磁性颗粒沉积在宽度为1～2mm的环形区域附近，当达到预设的采样时间后，可使用光电/图像传感器获取磨损颗粒的特征信息，随后电磁铁的通电线圈断电，沉积区域的磁场归零，沉积的磨损颗粒被润滑油冲走；
    b、给外电磁铁线圈的另外两组和内电磁铁线圈的另外两组线圈通以一定强度的相同电流，产生的磁场会使尺寸为50～100μm的铁磁性颗粒沉积下来，当达到预定的采样量后，使用传感器进行信息的采集，随后线圈断电进行磨粒的冲洗；
    c、给外电磁铁和内电磁铁的三组线圈通电，进行20～50μm的铁磁性颗粒的沉积，达到预设的采样时间后，采集信息并断电冲洗；如需继续采集磨粒信息，则重复上述步骤。
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CN115266498A (zh) * 2022-07-14 2022-11-01 山东大学 用于监测多磨粒特征的高通量成像传感器、系统及方法
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