WO2021156407A1 - Composition dérivée de krill - Google Patents

Composition dérivée de krill Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021156407A1
WO2021156407A1 PCT/EP2021/052747 EP2021052747W WO2021156407A1 WO 2021156407 A1 WO2021156407 A1 WO 2021156407A1 EP 2021052747 W EP2021052747 W EP 2021052747W WO 2021156407 A1 WO2021156407 A1 WO 2021156407A1
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weight percent
composition
feed
weight
composition according
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PCT/EP2021/052747
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English (en)
Inventor
Lena Burri
Tone Elisabeth DOMINGUEZ
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Aker Biomarine Antarctic As
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Publication of WO2021156407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021156407A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions comprising astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids, and in particular such compositions derived from krill.
  • a major part of the astaxanthin present in said compositions is in the form of astaxanthin esters, and in particular astaxanthin diester.
  • omega-3 fatty acids most of them are in the form of triglycerides, but there are also some in free form and there may also be some omega-3 fatty acids in the form of phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholine.
  • the compositions of the present invention may find use as dietary supplement in animal feed for fish, crustaceans, shrimp, pets and others with the aim to increase astaxanthin plasma levels compared to baseline as well as for increasing the omega-3 index.
  • omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs
  • omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA
  • EPA and DHA have been shown to be important for skin, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, neural tissues, cardiovascular system, as well as for the promotion of cognitive and immune function.
  • omega-3 PUFAs A number of dietary supplements are available for increasing intake of omega-3 PUFAs, but many of these are in ethyl ester formulations from which EPA and DHA are poorly absorbed when consumed without a meal containing dietary fat. It is therefore not only the amount of omega-3 PUFAs ingested which affects the concentration of EPA and DHA in serum, but their bioavailability is also of high importance.
  • antioxidants are essential for optimal health, cognition and longevity by preventing oxidative stress in the body. Dogs lack the ability to synthesize carotenoids and thus depend on dietary intakes of e.g. astaxanthin, which is a strong antioxidant. Thus, there is a need for providing a composition which not only balance the omega-6 PUFA effects with omega-3 PUFAs to keep inflammation under control, but also prevents oxidative stress in the body.
  • Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business that exists in either a marine or freshwater environment.
  • Commercial marine shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the United States, Japan, and Western Europe.
  • the total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 2.1 million tonnes in 1991, representing a value of nearly US$9 billion.
  • About 30% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, particularly in China and Indonesia.
  • the other 54.1% is produced mainly in Latin America, where Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico are the largest producers.
  • FIG 4 illustrates the life cycle of shrimp which is commonly divided into 8 different stages.
  • the first stage being the egg. Eggs are fertilized and continues to the next stage by developing into an unsegmented larva, also commonly referred to as Nauplius.
  • the larva looks like a small spider and does not need to seek food from outside sources because it survives on its egg yolk.
  • the nauplius goes through 6 sub- stages of development, where the duration of each sub-stage depends upon i.a. water temperature. The first stage is about the size of the egg and succeeding stages are slightly larger. Nauplius has limited swimming ability and usually are part of the oceanic plankton. After molting for the sixth time, the larva enters the Zoea stage which is further divided into three sub-stages.
  • the first stage is characterized by the body becoming bigger and more elongated than in the nauplius stage; the head and thorax, however, typically remain unchanged.
  • the zoea will begin to catch plankton such as Spirulina and Skeletonema Costatum, oyster eggs or oyster larvae. After molting three times, the Zoea enter the Mysis stage which is further divided into three sub-stages.
  • the two postlarval stages for white shrimp are about 1/6 to 1/4 inches. Brown shrimp postlarvae are larger, up to 1/2 inches. The walking and swimming legs have developed and the postlarvae appear as miniature shrimp.
  • the second postlarval stage typically rides the flood tides into the estuaries, apparently becoming active during flood tide and settling to the bottom during ebb tides. The postlarvae ultimately settle in the upper parts of tidal creeks. Postlarval shrimp develop directly into juvenile shrimp.
  • Juveniles are similar to adults except they are characterized by a much longer rostrum (horn). Juveniles typically remain in the marsh creeks until reaching about 4 to 4 1/2 inches before moving into the deeper rivers.
  • Sub-adults move into the deeper waters of the estuaries and may remain there for a month or more before moving seaward. These shrimps continue to grow but at a slower rate than juveniles. Sub-adults usually do not exhibit any signs of ovarian maturity.
  • Breed shrimps may be 5 to 8 inches in length and are usually found in the ocean, but in dry years may delay migration until cold weather occurs. Spawning females are characterized by brightly colored ovaries that can be seen under the shell on the upper side of the body. Breed shrimps may be found near the beaches out to 5 or 6 miles from shore. Some species are known to migrate hundreds of miles along the coast.
  • crustaceans in particular shrimps
  • crustaceans have different nutritional needs at various stages in their life cycle.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a composition derived from krill comprising:
  • the composition further comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid; wherein the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkage is at least 3 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition further comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid; wherein the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkage is at least 70 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition.
  • At least 80 % by weight of the astaxanthin in the composition is astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester or a mixture thereof.
  • At least 70 % by weight of the astaxanthin in the composition is astaxanthin diester.
  • the composition is essentially free of phospholipids.
  • the composition comprises less than 2 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, such as less than 1.8 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 1.6 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 1.4 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 1.2 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 1 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 0.8 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 0.6 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 0.4 % phospholipids by weight of the composition, less than 0.2 % phospholipids by weight of the composition or less than 0.1 % phospholipids by weight of the composition.
  • the composition further comprises from about 1 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition.
  • at least 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 or 80 % by weight of the phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine.
  • At least 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 or 80 % by weight of the phosphatidylcholine in the composition is given by general formula (I), wherein the two hydroxy groups are esterified with two fatty acids, of which at least one of said two fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid, and R is given by formula (II):
  • the composition further comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid; wherein
  • the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkage is at least 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 or 80 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition;
  • the composition further comprises from about 1 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition;
  • phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine
  • the composition is a dietary supplement for animal feed.
  • the animal feed is dog feed or feed for dogs.
  • the animal feed is shrimp feed or feed for shrimps.
  • the animal feed is fish feed or feed for fish.
  • the animal feed is cat feed or feed for cats.
  • the animal feed is horse feed or feed for horses.
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to a dietary supplement comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a third aspect of the present invention relates to an animal feed comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 7-13 g of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8- 11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises at least 0,5 weight percent, such as at least 0,8 weight percent, at least 1 weight percent, at least 1,5 weight percent, at least 2 weight percent, at least 2,5 weight percent, at least 3 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a fish feed comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a crustacean feed, such as shrimp feed, comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a dosing bottle comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the dosing bottle further comprises means for delivering a daily dose, i.e. nutritional requirements of an animal per day, of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily dose is 7-13 g, more preferably 8 to 12 g or
  • a daily dose is at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for use in the treatment of a subject suffering from a disease which would benefit from an increased level of astaxanthin in plasma compared to baseline.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a dosage corresponding to 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily dosage of 8-13 g such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent,
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent,
  • An eighth aspect of the present invention relates to the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for use in the treatment of a subject suffering from a disease which would benefit from an increased omega-3 index.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a dosage corresponding to 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a tenth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention as a dietary supplement.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a dosage corresponding to 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • An eleventh aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention to enrich animal feed, such as pet feed and in particular dog feed with astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids.
  • animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as 8-13 g, 9-13 g, 10-13 g, 8-12 g, 8-11 g, 8-10 g, 8-12 g or 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • a twelfth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention to enrich fish feed with astaxanthin and omega- 3 fatty acids.
  • a thirteenth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention to enrich crustacean feed, such as shrimp feed, with astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids.
  • a fourteenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for increasing omega-3 index in an animal, such as a cat, a dog, a horse or a fish.
  • a fifteenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for increasing levels of astaxanthin in plasma of an animal such as a cat, a dog, a horse or a fish.
  • a sixteenth aspect of the present invention relates to a unit dosage of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the unit dosage comprises 7 to 13 g of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as 8-13 g, 9-13 g, 10-13 g, 8-12 g, 8-11 g, 8-10 g, 8-12 g or 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the unit dosage is at least 0.5% weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the unit dosage is 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the unit dosage is 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the unit dosage is 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a seventeenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention as a dietary supplement for animal feed.
  • the animal feed is dog feed or feed for dogs.
  • the animal feed is crustacean feed, such as shrimp feed; or feed for crustaceans, such as feed for shrimps.
  • the animal feed is feed for i) post larvae shrimps, ii) juvenile shrimps, iii) adult shrimps and/or iv) breed shrimps. More preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps. Even more preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps or juvenile shrimps.
  • the animal feed is fish feed or feed for fish.
  • the animal feed is cat feed or feed for cats.
  • the animal feed is horse feed or feed for horses.
  • An eighteenth aspect of the present invention relates to animal feed, comprising at least 0.5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises at least 0.8 weight percent, such as at least 1 weight percent, at least 1.5 weight percent, at least 2 weight percent, at least 2.5 weight percent or at least 3 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed is dog feed or feed for dogs.
  • the animal feed is crustacean feed, such as shrimp feed; or feed for crustaceans, such as feed for shrimps.
  • the animal feed is feed for i) post larvae shrimps, ii) juvenile shrimps, iii) adult shrimps and/or iv) breed shrimps. More preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps. Even more preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps or juvenile shrimps.
  • the animal feed is fish feed or feed for fish.
  • the animal feed is cat feed or feed for cats.
  • the animal feed is horse feed or feed for horses.
  • An nineteenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising at least 0.5 weight percent, such as at least 0.8 weight percent, at least 1 weight percent, at least 1.5 weight percent, at least 2 weight percent, at least 2.5 weight percent or at least 3 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed, for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • One embodiment relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • One embodiment relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • One embodiment relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • Figure 1 illustrates average tissue levels of EPA plus DHA in dogs fed either a diet enriched with linseed oil (black) or a diet enriched with astaxanthin krill oil I (grey) at day 0 of experimental feeding (group A), at day 21 of experimental feeding (group B) and at day 42 of experimental feeding (group C).
  • the omega-3 index (%) is indicated on the Y-axis.
  • Figure 2 illustrates plasma levels of astaxanthin in dogs fed either a diet enriched with linseed oil (black) or a diet enriched with astaxanthin krill oil I (grey) at day 0 of experimental feeding (group A), at day 21 of experimental feeding (group B) and at day 42 of experimental feeding (group C).
  • the levels of astaxanthin (mg/L) is indicated on the Y-axis.
  • Figure 3 shows the structures of non-esterified astaxanthin (A), astaxanthin monoester (B) and astaxanthin diester (C).
  • Figure 4 shows the life cycle of a shrimp.
  • Krill are shrimp-like pelagic crustaceans found primarily in the Northern (Arctic) and Southern (Antarctic) circumpolar seas of the earth.
  • Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is the most abundant species of krill, with an estimated biomass of 350 to 500 million tons in the Southern Ocean. This species of krill is also relatively large, measuring up to 6 cm and weighing up to 2 g.
  • Krill are primarily herbivorous, feeding predominantly on phytoplankton.
  • Astaxanthin krill oil is a natural combination of long chain omega-3 PUFAs and astaxanthin joining an anti-inflammatory with an anti-oxidant component. This combination used as a nutritional strategy opens up new perspectives for their application in the diet of animals, and in particular companion animals such as cats, dogs and horses as well as a nutritive additive in feed for aquaculture.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a composition derived from krill comprising: from about 350 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition; a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the range from about 4 or 6 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition; wherein
  • astaxanthin is a lipid-soluble pigment. Its red-orange color is due to the extended chain of conjugated (alternating double and single) double bonds at the center of the compound. This chain of conjugated double bonds is also responsible for the antioxidant function of astaxanthin (as well as other carotenoids) as it results in a region of decentralized electrons that can be donated to reduce a reactive oxidizing molecule.
  • the composition comprises from about 500 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, such as from about 600 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 700 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 800 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 900 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 1000 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition or from about 1200 to about 1700 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition.
  • the composition comprises from about 350 to about 1600 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, such as from about 350 to about 1500 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 350 to about 1400 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 350 to about 1300 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 350 to about 1200 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 350 to about 1100 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition or from about 350 to about 1000 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition.
  • the composition comprises from about 400 to about 1650 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, such as from about 450 to about 1600 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 500 to about 1550 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 550 to about 1500 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 600 to about 1450 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition, from about 600 to about 1400 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition or from about 650 to about 1300 mg astaxanthin per kg of the composition.
  • Astaxanthin exists in two predominant forms, non-esterified or esterified with various length fatty acid moieties whose composition is influenced by the source organism as well as growth conditions.
  • the astaxanthin typically fed to salmon to enhance flesh coloration is most often in the non-esterified form.
  • the predominance of evidence supports a de-esterifi cation of fatty acids from the astaxanthin molecule in the intestine prior to or concomitant with absorption resulting in the circulation and tissue deposition of non-esterified astaxanthin. While it can be assumed that non-esterified astaxanthin would be more bioavailable than esterified astaxanthin due to the extra enzymatic steps in the intestine needed to hydrolyze the fatty acid components, it has been suggested that bioavailability may be more dependent on formulation than configuration. Most of the astaxanthin derived from krill is in the form of astaxanthin esters, and in particular astaxanthin diester. Non-esterified astaxanthin is depicted in figure 3 A while astaxanthin monoester and astaxanthin diester are depicted in figures 3B and 3C respectively.
  • At least 60 % by weight, such as at least 70 % by weight or at least 80 % by weight, of the astaxanthin in the composition is astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester or a mixture thereof.
  • at least 85 % by weight, such as at least 90 % by weight or at least 95 % by weight, of the astaxanthin in the composition is astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester or a mixture thereof.
  • less than 30 % by weight, such as less than 20 % by weight or less than 10 % by weight, of the astaxanthin in the composition is non-esterified astaxanthin. In another embodiment according to the present invention, less than 8 % by weight, such as less than 5 % by weight or less than 1 % by weight, of the astaxanthin in the composition is non-esterified astaxanthin.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the present invention also comprises omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids also called Omega-3 oils, ⁇ -3 fatty acids or n-3 fatty acids
  • Omega-3 oils are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) characterized by the presence of a double bond three atoms away from the terminal methyl group in their chemical structure. They are widely distributed in nature, being important constituents of animal lipid metabolism, and they play an important role in the diet and physiology of both humans and animals.
  • the three types of omega-3 fatty acids involved in human physiology are a-linolenic acid (ALA), found in plant oils, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both commonly found in marine oils.
  • ALA a-linolenic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • Marine algae and phytoplankton are primary sources of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Common sources of plant oils containing ALA, a short-chain omega-3 fatty acid include walnut, edible seeds, clary sage seed oil, algal oil, linseed oil, Sacha Inchi oil, Echium oil, and hemp oil.
  • Sources of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA include squid oils, krill oil, and certain algae oil.
  • Mammals such as canine, are unable to synthesize the essential omega-3 fatty acid ALA and can only obtain it through diet.
  • they can use ALA, when available, to form EPA and DHA, by creating additional double bonds along its carbon chain (desaturation) and extending it (elongation).
  • ALA (18 carbons and 3 double bonds) is used to make EPA (20 carbons and 5 double bonds), which is then used to make DHA (22 carbons and 6 double bonds).
  • astaxanthin krill oil is a natural combination of long chain omega-3 PUFAs and astaxanthin joining an anti-inflammatory with an anti-oxidant component. This combination used as a nutritional strategy opens up new perspectives for their application in the diet of animals, and in particular companion animals such as dogs.
  • the first aspect of the present invention refers to a composition comprising a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the range from about 6 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • total amount of omega-3 fatty acids refers to the total content of all omega-3 fatty acids in the composition including i) free omega-3 fatty acids, ii) omega-3 fatty acids covalently bound to the glycerol moiety of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides; as well as iii) omega-3 fatty acids in the form of phospholipids. i)
  • DHA Omega-3 fatty acid
  • DHA Omega-3 fatty acid
  • phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylcholine
  • the composition comprises a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the range from about 8 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition, such as from about 10 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition, from about 12 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition or from about 14 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition comprises a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the range from about 6 to about 16 g per 100 g of the composition, such as from about 6 to about 14 g per 100 g of the composition, from about 6 to about 12 g per 100 g of the composition or from about 6 to about 10 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition comprises a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the range from about 7 to about 17 g per 100 g of the composition, such as from about 8 to about 16 g per 100 g of the composition, from about 9 to about 15 g per 100 g of the composition or from about 10 to about 14 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • omega-3 PUFAs are more efficient than short chain omega-3 PUFAs in increasing the omega-3 index.
  • Omega-3 Index reflects the content of EPA plus DHA in erythrocyte membranes expressed as a percentage of total erythrocyte fatty acids (Prev Med 2004; 39:212-20, Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1997S-2002S). This index can be used as a surrogate for assessing tissue levels of EPA plus DHA (Circulation 2004; 110:1645-9, Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:528-34, Biomark Med 2009;3 :25-32 ).
  • the first aspect of the present invention refers to a composition comprising a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the range from about 6 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition, wherein from about 2 to about 8 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is EPA and from about 1 to about 3 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is DHA.
  • total amount of omega-3 fatty acids refers to the total content of all omega-3 fatty acids in the composition and both EPA and DHA are omega-3 fatty acids; the person skilled in the art will understand that the amount of EPA, DHA and EPA+DHA per 100 g of the composition is ⁇ the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition. Further, it is to be understood that said EPA and DHA may be in i) free form, ii) covalently bound to the glycerol moiety of monoglycerides, diglycerides and/or triglycerides, and/or be in the form of phospholipids.
  • the composition comprises 8 g EPA and 3 g DHA the person skilled in the art will understand that the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition is in the range from about 11 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition. However, if 100 g of the composition comprises 1 g EPA and 3 g DHA, the person skilled in the art will understand that the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition is in the range from about 6 to about 18 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • from about 3 to about 8 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is EPA, such as from about 4 to about 8 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition, from about 5 to about 8 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition or from about 6 to about 8 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is
  • from about 2 to about 7 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is EPA, such as from about 2 to about 6 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition, from about 2 to about 5 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition or from about 2 to about 4 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is EPA.
  • from about 2.5 to about 7.5 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is EPA, such as from about 3 to about 7 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition, from about 3.5 to about 6.5 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition or from about 4 to about 6 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is EPA.
  • from about 1.5 to about 3 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is DHA, such as from about 2 to about 3 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is DHA.
  • from about 1 to about 1.5 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is DHA, such as from about 2 to about 3 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is DHA.
  • from about 1.5 to about 2.5 g of the total omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g of the composition is DHA.
  • the composition comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid. It is preferred that the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkages is at least 3 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • the formula to the left represents glycerol esterified with three fatty acids. At least one of R’, R” and R’” is an omega-3 fatty acid that is bound to the glycerol through ester linkage.
  • the total content of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bound to the glycerol through ester linkage is at least 3 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition has a total amount of omega-3 fatty acids of 10 g; and the composition further comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid, wherein the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkages is 5 g per 100 g of the composition; then 50% by weight of the total omega-3 fatty acids will be present in the form of triglycerides, i.e. 50 % by weight of the total omega-3 fatty acids will be R’, R” and/or R”’.
  • the composition further comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid; wherein the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkage is at least 4 g per 100 g of the composition, such as at least 5 g per 100 g of the composition or at least 6 g per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition further comprises glycerol esterified with three fatty acids of which at least one of the fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid; wherein the amount of omega-3 fatty acids that is covalently bonded to said glycerol through ester linkage is at least 75 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition, such as at least 80 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition, at least 85 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition, at least 90 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition, at least 95 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition or at least 99 % by weight of the total amount of omega-3 fatty acids in the composition.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the present invention is essentially free of phospholipids.
  • the composition further comprises from about 2 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, such as from about 3 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 4 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 5 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 6 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 7 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition or from about 8 to about 10 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition further comprises from about 1 to about 9 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, such as from about 1 to about 8 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 1 to about 7 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 1 to about 6 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 1 to about 5 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 1 to about 4 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition or from about 1 to about 3 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition further comprises from about 2 to about 9 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, such as from about 3 to about 8 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, from about 4 to about 7 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition, or from about 5 to about 6 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition.
  • the composition further comprises from about 2 to about 6 g phospholipids per 100 g of the composition.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the present invention further comprises phospholipids
  • at least 80 % by weight of the phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine, such as at least 85 % by weight of the phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine, at least 90 % by weight of the phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine or at least 95 % by weight of the phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the present invention further comprises phospholipids
  • at least 80 % by weight of the phospholipids has at least one covalently bound omega-3 fatty acid, such as at least 85 % by weight of the phospholipids has at least one covalently bound omega-3 fatty acid
  • at least 90 % by weight of the phospholipids has at least one covalently bound omega-3 fatty acid or at least 95% by weight of the phospholipids has at least one covalently bound omega-3 fatty acid.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the present invention further comprises phospholipids and at least 70 % by weight of the phospholipids in the composition is phosphatidylcholine
  • at least 75 % by weight of the phosphatidylcholine in the composition such as at least 80 % by weight of the phosphatidylcholine in the composition, such as at least 85 % by weight of the phosphatidylcholine in the composition, such as at least 90 % by weight of the phosphatidylcholine in the composition or at least 95 % by weight of the phosphatidylcholine in the composition
  • general formula (I) wherein the two hydroxy groups are esterified with two fatty acids, of which at least one of said two fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid, and R is given by formula (II)
  • astaxanthin krill oil is a natural combination of long chain omega-3 PUFAs and astaxanthin joining an anti-inflammatory with an anti-oxidant component. This combination used as a nutritional strategy opens up new perspectives for their application in the diet of animals, and in particular companion animals such as dogs.
  • the composition is suitable for increasing the level of astaxanthin in plasma compared to baseline.
  • the composition is suitable for increasing the omega-3 index.
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to a dietary supplement comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a third aspect of the present invention relates to an animal feed, such as dog feed, cat feed, horse feed, fish feed, crustacean feed or shrimp feed comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily ration of the animal feed comprises 7-13 g of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises at least 0,5 weight percent, such as at least 0,8 weight percent, at least 1 weight percent, at least 1,5 weight percent, at least 2 weight percent, at least 2,5 weight percent, at least 3 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily ration of animal feed comprises 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day. It is to be understood that a daily ration represents the amount of feed needed for the animal per day.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a fish feed comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a crustaceans feed, such as shrimp feed, comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a dosing bottle comprising the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the dosing bottle further comprises means for delivering a daily dose, i.e. nutritional requirements of an animal per day, of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily dose is 7-13 g, more preferably 8 to 12 g or
  • a daily dose is at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dose is 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for use in the treatment of a subject suffering from a disease which would benefit from an increased level of astaxanthin in plasma compared to baseline.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a dosage corresponding to 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a daily dosage of 8-13 g such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent,
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent,
  • An eighth aspect of the present invention relates to the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for use in the treatment of a subject suffering from a disease which would benefit from an increased omega-3 index.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a dosage corresponding to 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a tenth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention as a dietary supplement.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a dosage corresponding to 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as a daily dosage of 8-13 g, a daily dosage of 9-13 g, a daily dosage of 10-13 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g, a daily dosage of 8-11 g, a daily dosage of 8-10 g, a daily dosage of 8-12 g or a daily dosage of 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g.
  • the composition is administered by oral administration in a daily dosage corresponding to 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • An eleventh aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention to enrich animal feed, such as pet feed and in particular dog feed with astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids.
  • animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 7-13 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as 8-13 g, 9-13 g, 10-13 g, 8-12 g, 8-11 g, 8-10 g, 8-12 g or 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains at least 0,5 % weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • the animal feed is enriched to ensure that a daily ration of animal feed contains 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of a daily ration of animal feed.
  • a twelfth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention to enrich fish feed with astaxanthin and omega- 3 fatty acids.
  • a thirteenth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention to enrich shrimp feed with astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids.
  • a fourteenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for increasing omega-3 index in an animal, such as a cat, a dog, a horse or a fish.
  • a fifteenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention for increasing levels of astaxanthin in plasma of an animal such as a cat, a dog, a horse or a fish.
  • a sixteenth aspect of the present invention relates to a unit dosage of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the unit dosage comprises 7 to 13 g of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, such as 8-13 g, 9-13 g, 10-13 g, 8-12 g, 8-11 g, 8-10 g, 8-12 g or 9-11 g of a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the unit dosage is at least 0.5% weight percent, such as at least 0,8 % weight percent, at least 1 % weight percent, at least 1,5 % weight percent, at least 2 % weight percent, at least 2,5 % weight percent, at least 3 % weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the unit dosage is 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the unit dosage is 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • the unit dosage is 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight, e.g. dry weight, of feed consumed per day.
  • a seventeenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention as a dietary supplement for animal feed.
  • the animal feed is dog feed or feed for dogs.
  • the animal feed is shrimp feed or feed for shrimps.
  • the animal feed is feed for i) post larvae shrimps, ii) juvenile shrimps, iii) adult shrimps and/or iv) breed shrimps. More preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps. Even more preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps or juvenile shrimps.
  • the animal feed is fish feed or feed for fish.
  • the animal feed is cat feed or feed for cats.
  • the animal feed is horse feed or feed for horses.
  • An eighteenth aspect of the present invention relates to animal feed, comprising at least 0.5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises at least 0.8 weight percent, such as at least 1 weight percent, at least 1.5 weight percent, at least 2 weight percent, at least 2.5 weight percent or at least 3 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed comprises 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the animal feed.
  • the animal feed is dog feed or feed for dogs.
  • the animal feed is shrimp feed or feed for shrimps.
  • the animal feed is feed for i) post larvae shrimps, ii) juvenile shrimps, iii) adult shrimps and/or iv) breed shrimps. More preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps. Even more preferably the animal feed is feed for post larvae shrimps or juvenile shrimps.
  • the animal feed is fish feed or feed for fish.
  • the animal feed is cat feed or feed for cats.
  • the animal feed is horse feed or feed for horses.
  • An nineteenth aspect of the present invention relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising at least 0.5 weight percent, such as at least 0.8 weight percent, at least 1 weight percent, at least 1.5 weight percent, at least 2 weight percent, at least 2.5 weight percent or at least 3 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed, for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • One embodiment relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising 0,5 to 10 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 10 weight percent, 1 to 10 weight percent, 1.5 to 10 weight percent, 2 to 10 weight percent, 2,5 to 10 weight percent or 3 to 10 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • One embodiment relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising 0,5 to 8 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 8 weight percent, 1 to 8 weight percent, 1.5 to 8 weight percent, 2 to 8 weight percent, 2,5 to 8 weight percent or 3 to 8 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • One embodiment relates to use of a shrimp feed comprising 0,5 to 5 weight percent, such as 0,8 to 5 weight percent, 1 to 5 weight percent, 1.5 to 5 weight percent, 2 to 5 weight percent, 2,5 to 5 weight percent or 3 to 5 weight percent of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention based on total weight of the shrimp feed for feeding post larvae shrimps, juvenile shrimps, adult shrimps and/or breed shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps and/or juvenile shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding post larvae shrimps.
  • the use is for feeding juvenile shrimps.
  • Example 1 Manufacturing of astaxanthin krill oil on board a factory vessel
  • Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS manufactures an astaxanthin krill oil (AstaOmega) from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba ) on board the three factory vessels, Antarctic Sea, Saga Sea and Antarctic Endurance.
  • the oil consists of neutral lipids, astaxanthin (400- 1700 ppm) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, between 4 and 18% omega-3) and is intended to be used as a nutritive additive.
  • HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
  • GMP good manufacturing practice
  • FEMAS Feed Materials Assurance Scheme
  • CCAMLR Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
  • the Eco-HarvestingTM technology allows the krill to be pumped alive on to the vessel, where it is immediately processed to preserve all the nutrients and ensure superior product quality. Once the krill has been pumped on board, it undergoes a series of processing steps. A schematic of each stage of the entire process from krill catch to the final AstaOmega oil is described below.
  • Krill is heated up to approximately 44 °C. Residence time at in cooker depends on the condition of raw material and production flow.
  • Krill is cooked at approximately 98°C using steam in direct steam cookers for a minimum of 1 minute.
  • Decanter separates solids and stick water.
  • Tricanter separates solids, stick water and oil. Oil is subsequently separated from stick water in two separators. Solids are distributed to two driers.
  • CCP polishing and settling
  • Liquid from the separators in process step are fed to another separator to remove any remaining water and/or remaining solids.
  • the temperature shall be above 80°C for a minimum of 10 minutes.
  • Oil is allowed to settle in steel tanks to remove excess water, and other insoluble impurities, by gravitation.
  • nitrogen is passed through it to remove oxygen.
  • the oil is cooled down to 25 °C during transport from settling tanks to drums. Oil is tapped into 200 L metal drums at ambient temperatures. Drums are purged with nitrogen to remove oxygen. Product sampling is done at this stage and the oil is tested for water content. Water content in oil should not exceed 0.25 % to prevent microbiological growth.
  • the AstaOmega oil is packed in 1KG bottles, 30KG drums or 200KG drums.
  • the bags are marked with labels, or printed packaging, which contains information regarding: Product name, Lot identification, Net quantity, List of ingredients, Name, address and origin, minimum shelflife.
  • AstaOmega oil is stored in a designated storage area at ambient temperatures, until offload. It is then stored at ambient temperatures in warehouse. 10. Oil Storage in warehouse
  • AstaOmega oil is stored in a designated warehouse at ambient temperatures.
  • Example 2 Average tissue levels of EPA plus DHA and plasma levels of Astaxanthin in dogs fed either a diet enriched with linseed oil or a diet enriched with astaxanthin krill oil
  • One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the effects of orally intake of astaxanthin krill oil on canine astaxanthin plasma levels, in particular how canine utilizes and incorporates astaxanthin from krill in their blood.
  • Another objective of this study was to confirm that the triglyceride bound omega-3 fatty acids from krill increase the ⁇ -3 index to a greater extent than ALA from linseed oil, in particular how efficient ⁇ -3s from the astaxanthin krill oil blend are incorporated into canine red blood cells compared to linseed oil.
  • Each dog was fed either 10 ml astaxanthin krill oil I or 2 ml Linseed oil (table 4) once a day during the whole trial in addition to the dry dog food referred to above (the oil was pumped upon dry kibbles using dosing bottles).
  • the astaxanthin krill oil I is produced according to the method described in WO2016128830.
  • the reason for providing different amounts of the two oils was to ensure that all dogs received approximately equal amounts of omega-3 fatty acids (1155 mg EPA + DHA in 10 ml of astaxanthin krill oil I vs 1068 mg ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) in 2ml of linseed oil). Both supplements were well liked and completely ingested at all meals.
  • Table 4 provides a list of some of the ingredients in astaxanthin krill oil I that has been analysed.
  • Table 4 Most of the astaxanthin in astaxanthin krill oil I is in the form of astaxanthin diester. However, there are also some astaxanthin monoester but there is almost no non-esterified astaxanthin (figure 3).
  • Omega-3 index was measured in isolated RBCs at OmegaQuant, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, USA.
  • Astaxanthin krill oil l is a natural combination of omega-3 PUFAs and astaxanthin, joining an anti-inflammatory with an anti-oxidant component.
  • This combination used as a nutritional strategy opens up new perspectives for their application in the diet of companion animals.
  • the study is the first to investigate the effect of the combination of astaxanthin and omega-3 PUFAs in Alaskan Huskies. Alaskan Huskies are known to participate in very harsh long-distance races that increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. The objective of this pilot study was therefore to see, if astaxanthin krill oil can increase astaxanthin levels in plasma and omega-3 levels in red blood cells in dogs.
  • the study compared the efficacy of supplementation of long-chain versus short-chain omega-3 PUFAs to increase the omega-3 index in RBCs.
  • astaxanthin and omega-3 index can be significantly increased by the supplementation of astaxanthin krill oil, when compared to a control group, which makes it a potential valuable ingredient in pet food or treat formulations.
  • Example 3 The effect of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin krill oil on growth performance of L. vannamei
  • the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing a diet with astaxanthin krill oil II (manufactured on vessel according to the process described in Example 1), with or without soybean oil, on growth performance of L. vannamei farmed under osmotic stress or no osmotic stress.
  • tanks were split into two groups. Half were designated to operate enclosed by a rigid plastic lid covered with a milky-colored waterproof plastic sheeting (enclosed tanks). Enclosed tanks were encased by the plastic lid and sheeting, except by two openings required to fit the automatic feeding device and aeration piping. This set-up minimized penetration of freshwater from rainfall and increased evaporation rates. The remaining tanks were kept fully exposed to sunlight and rainfall but protected on top with an 8-mm mesh screen to avoid shrimp escape (exposed tanks). Both systems were exposed to significant changes in water salinity during culture, but only the enclosed ones maintained hypersalinity conditions.
  • Tanks were filled with sand-filtered seawater and inoculated with 20% of their volume with biofloc-rich water from an active nursery shrimp culture system.
  • water was fertilized with 7 g/m 3 of ground shrimp feed with a minimum of 35 weight-% crude protein (CP) and liquid sugar-cane molasses at a 1:1 ratio over a five-day period.
  • CP crude protein
  • the system operated under a continuous water recirculation regime at a rate of 100 mL/second to mix and homogenize water quality among all rearing tanks.
  • Dissolved oxygen was kept saturated during culturing by diffused aeration provided by a 2-hp blower.
  • a porous hose of 0.5-m length was placed opposed to the feed delivery point near the bottom of each tank.
  • the shrimp species used in this trial was Litopenaeus vannamei brought from a commercial hatchery (Aquatec Aquacultura Ltda., Canguaretama, RN, Brazil) as PL 10 (post-larvae) and raised in the lab until juvenile stage.
  • soybean oil S
  • astaxanthin krill oil II K
  • Soybean oil was derived from a refined source used for human consumption
  • Astaxanthin krill oil II QRILLTM Astaxanthin Oil, Aker Biomarine Antarctic AS, Lysaker, Norway
  • Table 7 below provides a short-list of ingredients that has been analysed.
  • astaxanthin in krill oil is in the form of astaxanthin diester. However, there are also some astaxanthin monoester but there is almost no astaxanthin in free from (figure 3).
  • the oils, separately or in combination, were used to top-coat a commercial shrimp feed (API Intensiva Camarao, Neovia Nutriç ⁇ o e Sa ⁇ de Animal Ltda., Sao Lourenco da Mata, PE, Brazil) containing 87% w/w dry matter, 38% w/w CP, 9.5% w/w lipids, 4% w/w fiber, 15% w/w ash, 2.3% w/w lysine and 0.9% w/w methionine.
  • the commercial shrimp feed without additional oil supplementation was used as control diet (CT). A total of five replicate tanks were randomly assigned for each diet under the closed and exposed tank systems.
  • Micromp were fed with an automatic feeder ( Aquacult . Int., 2019, 27: 337-347) scheduled to deliver feed daily at 08:00, 10:50, 14:10, and 17:50 h.
  • Feed rations were adjusted on a daily basis assuming an estimated 0.38% weekly drop in shrimp survival across all rearing tanks. Starting on the 15th day of rearing, five animals per tank were weighed individually on a weekly basis to determine the gains in shrimp body weight (BW) in each tank. Until the next weight check, feed ration increased daily assuming a mean weight gain per day achieved in the previous week in each respective rearing tank, maintaining a fixed 0.06% daily drop in survival.
  • Water temperature, pH, and salinity were measured daily starting at 09:00 h in all tanks. Settleable solids were measured three times a week in each tank with an Imhoff cone. A total of 5% of total tank volume was exchanged whenever settleable solids reached 10 mL/L (Samocha et al, 2017 Design and Operation of Super Intensive, Biofloc- Dominated Systems for Indoor Production of the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei - The Texas A&M AgriLife Research Experience. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA). In parallel, water temperature was measured daily from the tank bottom (except on Sundays) every hour, from 8:00 to 16:00 h. A 24-h measurement of water temperature was performed biweekly (on the days 11-12, 24-25, 39-40, 51-52 and 67-68) in all tanks. Readings were carried out with a digital thermometer installed in the bottom of each rearing tank.
  • Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was expressed on a dry matter basis and calculated by dividing the amount of feed delivered by the wet shrimp biomass gained in each tank.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions comprenant de l'astaxanthine et des acides gras oméga-3, et en particulier de telles compositions dérivées de krill. Une majeure partie de l'astaxanthine présente dans lesdites compositions se présente sous la forme d'esters d'astaxanthine, et en particulier de diester d'astaxanthine. En ce qui concerne les acides gras oméga-3, la plupart de ceux-ci se présentent sous la forme de triglycérides, mais certains se présentent également sous une forme libre et il peut également y avoir certains acides gras oméga-3 sous la forme de phospholipides, en particulier de phosphatidylcholine. Les compositions de la présente invention peuvent être utilisées comme complément alimentaire dans l'alimentation animale pour les poissons, les crustacés, les crevettes, les animaux de compagnie et autres dans le but d'augmenter les niveaux de plasma d'astaxanthine par rapport à la base de référence, ainsi que pour augmenter l'indice d'oméga-3.
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