WO2021155889A1

WO2021155889A1 - Macroalgae-based material

Info

Publication number: WO2021155889A1
Application number: PCT/DE2021/100113
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ramona BOSSE; Frederike REIMOLD; Laurie Carol HOFMANN; Bela H. BUCK; Joachim HENJES; Dieter W. HOFFMANN; Ina ENDERS
Original assignee: Hochschule Bremerhaven; Alfred-Wegener-Institut; NORDSEE GmbH
Priority date: 2020-02-07
Filing date: 2021-02-05
Publication date: 2021-08-12
Also published as: DE102020103185A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a material based on macroalgae, which contains green algae and red and/or brown algae and/or at least one further biomaterial; wherein the at least one further biomaterial is selected from the group consisting of white cabbage, red cabbage, fruit and vegetable lees, sugar beet chips, fermented or other vegetable leavings and by-product flows, microalgae and fish gelatins. The invention further relates to a method for the production of said material and the use of said material.

Description

Material based on macroalgae

The present invention relates to a material based on macroalgae which contains green algae and red and / or brown algae, a method for its production and the use of the material.

The steadily increasing demand for packaging materials is increasingly causing problems due to their consumption of fossil raw materials and unsolved disposal issues, which lead to increasing mountains of rubbish and the accumulation of plastics in the environment.

There is therefore a need for alternatives to petroleum-based packaging, in particular for one-way packaging. An important approach here are packaging materials made from renewable raw materials, which are also biodegradable as far as possible.

So far, paper has often been used as a growing raw material in the area of packaging or disposable tableware. Paper is made from the renewable raw material wood and is recyclable. However, paper or cardboard can only be recycled up to a certain repetition rate (shortening of the fibers after several recycling cycles) and the recycling material is partly unsuitable for use in the food sector (e.g. due to mineral oil residues). Furthermore, the production process of paper is very resource-intensive and leads to monocultivation in the reforestation of forests in order to provide enough suitable wood as a raw material for paper.

Known methods for producing solid, partly flexible structures and / or shapes from bio-based fibers (e.g. fresh wood fibers, bagasse, wheat bran or also waste paper) with or without plastic content are fiber casting, fiber injection molding, thermoforming or thermocompression and others. These processes are used to produce molded parts of all kinds, including menu trays for the food sector (Azwa, ZN; Yousif, BF; Manalo, AC; Karunasena, W. (2013): Areview on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibers. In: Materials & Design 47, pp. 424-442.DOI: 10.10i6 / j.matdes.20i2.11.025; Wysocki, Jerzy (1999): Material for making biodegradable moldings from bran and method thereof, on June 12, 1999 : WO2001039612A1).

However, these materials are mostly inedible and additives or impregnants are regularly used in these processes in order to achieve the desired barrier properties.

Macroalgae are an alternative and sustainable raw material source that is available worldwide in salt and fresh water. Macro algae can be divided into three groups, the green, red and brown algae. The rapid biomass generation or the production by land-independent systems on the sea or in coastal regions, as well as land-based aquacultures, characterize macroalgae. Also characteristic of macroalgae are their high nutritional benefits, which is given by macronutrients as well as trace elements and secondary metabolites such as iodine or polyphenols. Macroalgae have been consumed in various cultures for thousands of years.

Previous applications of macroalgae in the food sector as edible packaging material are, for example, nori sheets, which are used to prepare sushi in Asia. It is also known that brown or red algae are treated using extraction processes in order to obtain typical gelling or thickening agents such as alginate or agar for the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. However, one or more extraction steps are always carried out for this in order to isolate the gelling or thickening agents or carbohydrates and proteins, to purify them and usually make them available in pure form. Some of these different extracts are used to produce biodegradable and / or edible films and coatings (e.g. alginate films, agar films, etc.) for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural or cosmetic industries. However, these applications are mostly only very thin, not mechanically stable and mostly transparent or milky / opaque films or foils, which are not suitable for packaging cold or hot food or meals that can be transported.

Other bio-based films and materials made from starch and celluloses are known and can be processed into different packaging using different processes (e.g. extrusion). However, these raw materials compete with the cultivation of fodder and food on arable land. It is also known to add macroalgae extracts (extracted starches, hydrocolloids, etc.) or powders to paper, cardboard or plastics.

WO2014 / 108887A2 discloses an edible packaging material made from red and brown algae. Due to the composition of the algae, the iodine content is very high. The use of green algae is not disclosed.

US2016 / 0052693A1 relates to a packaging material made from algae. It must be protected from the packaged goods by a synthetic polymer film, as it has no barrier properties.

KR101189105A discloses an edible film made from red algae, but which contains at least one plasticizer.

DE102008053858A1 relates to the production of fibrous webs from de-oiled green and blue algae. These are microalgae that have been pretreated.

Other edible packaging or transport containers used in the food sector are, for example, ice cream cones or bowls made from wheat or corn dough, which are made by baking or deep-frying. This type of material only partially exhibits barrier properties against water or oil contained in the food. Therefore, these materials are only suitable for very short application times of a few minutes. It is common to all of the processes described that they usually process the macroalgae chemically (e.g. adding acid, salts, solvents, etc.) and extract, modify, or reduce a raw material, or the macroalgae or its components are filtered and / or dried beforehand and sometimes to a powder certain grain size must be processed. Although this increases the homogeneity of the varying starting material, it also leads to an increased use of energy, chemicals and process technology, which make the process expensive.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a sustainable packaging material which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, is particularly suitable as packaging for food and preferably has an improved break through time against oil and water, an improved tensile strength and an improved elasticity.

The object is achieved by a material based on macroalgae, the material comprising a mixture of at least two macroalgae, comprising a) at least one green algae; and b) at least one red and / or brown alga and / or at least one further biomaterial; wherein the at least one further biomaterial is selected from the group consisting of white cabbage, red cabbage, fruit and vegetable grains, sugar beet pulp, fermented or other vegetable residues and side streams, microalgae and fish gelatin.

The combination of the two or three groups of macroalgae enables an improvement in strength, in particular puncture resistance, flexibility, the barrier properties against oil and water and an optimization of the material volume and the iodine content.

As an alternative or in addition to the red and / or brown algae, the green algae can be combined with one of the further biomaterials mentioned, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peel, brewer's grains, sugar beet pulp or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage. A corresponding combination leads to advantageous barrier properties against water and oil as well as improved tensile strength and elasticity properties.

The material is advantageously bio-based on the basis of macroalgae. Bio-based means that the material can be obtained from renewable raw materials, such as macroalgae that grow in the sea or from aquaculture.

Furthermore, the material based on macroalgae is advantageously biodegradable. Biodegradable means that a material must have degraded _{to more than 90 percent to water, carbon dioxide (C0 2} ) and biomass after a specified time under defined temperature, oxygen and humidity conditions in the presence of microorganisms or fungi. In addition, the material based on macroalgae is advantageously compostable. Compostable means that the material must have degraded to at least 90 percent in a specified time in large-scale composting plants or in aqueous media. The macromaterial also enables valuable compost components to be processed, such as nutrients and minerals or soil-improving humus.

The material according to the invention based on macroalgae meets the requirements of DIN EN 13432 and DIN EN 14995.

Furthermore, the material based on macroalgae is advantageously edible. Edible means that the material is suitable and intended for human consumption and does not contain any harmful ingredients. The material is also suitable as a feed.

Green algae are especially macroalgae of the group (phylum) Chlorophyta. Preferred green algae are selected from the class of the Ulvophyceae with the genus Ulva, in particular Ulva lactuca and Ulva spp.

Red algae are especially macroalgae of the group (phylum) Rhodophyta. Preferred red algae are selected from classes of the Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae with the genera Mastocarpus spp., In particular Mastocarpus stellatus; Chondrus spp .; Agarophyton spp., In particular Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (previously Gracilaria vermiculophylla); and Porphyra, especially Porphyra umbilicalis.

Brown algae are especially macroalgae of the group (Phylum Ochrophyta) Heterokontophyta. Preferred brown algae are selected from the class of the Phaeophyceae with the Genera Sargassum, in particular Sargassum muücum; Saccharina, especially Saccharina latissima; Laminaria, Ascophyllum, Undaria and Fucus, in particular Fucus spiralis, Fucus versicolusus, Fucus serratus and Fucus spp.

Details of% by weight always relate to the total weight of the dried material based on macroalgae, unless otherwise stated. The material based on macroalgae with a residual water content of about 10 wt.

%.

The stated percentages do not add up to a total of 100 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the material.

The material according to the invention can contain green algae in the range of 5-99 percent by weight, preferably 10-99 percent by weight, preferably 50-95 percent by weight, preferably 60-85 percent by weight, particularly preferably 70-80 percent by weight. These amounts are particularly preferred when the material according to the invention comprises green algae, red and / or brown algae but no further biomaterial. The material according to the invention can contain green algae in the range of 5-90 percent by weight, preferably 5-70 percent by weight, preferably 5-50 percent by weight, preferably 5-30 percent by weight. These amounts are particularly preferred when the material according to the invention comprises green algae, optionally red and / or brown algae and another biomaterial, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peels, brewer's grains, sugar beet pulp or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage.

The material according to the invention can contain red algae in the range of 1-90 percent by weight, preferably 5-50 percent by weight, preferably 15-40 percent by weight, particularly preferably 20-30 percent by weight, alternatively 5-20 percent by weight.

The material according to the invention can contain brown algae in the range of 0.1-90 percent by weight, preferably 5-50 percent by weight, preferably 15-40 percent by weight, particularly preferably 20-30 percent by weight, alternatively 5-20 percent by weight.

The material according to the invention can contain further biomaterial in the range of 1-95 percent by weight, preferably 5-95 percent by weight, furthermore preferably 10-90 percent by weight. Alternatively, especially if the material according to the invention also contains red and / or brown algae in addition to green algae, the further biomaterial, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peels, brewer's grains, sugar beet pulp or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage, can be used in an amount of 5-30 Percent by weight, preferably 10-25 percent by weight.

A material is preferred which contains green algae in the range of 50-90% by weight and red algae in the range of 10-50% by weight.

A material is preferred which contains green algae in the range of 50-99% by weight and brown algae in the range of 1-50% by weight.

Particularly preferred is a material which contains green algae in the range of 50-90 wt. -96, red algae in the range of 5-45 wt. -96, brown algae in the range of 5-45 wt. -96.

In addition, a material is preferred which contains green algae in a range of 5-95 percent by weight, preferably 5-70 percent by weight, furthermore preferably 5-55 percent by weight; and further biomaterial, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peel, brewer's grains, sugar beet pulp or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage, in a range of 5-95 percent by weight, preferably 70-95 percent by weight.

In addition, a material is preferred which contains green algae in a range of 5-95 percent by weight, preferably 5-70 percent by weight, furthermore preferably 5-55 percent by weight, preferably 5-30 percent by weight; Red and / or brown algae in a range of 5-30 percent by weight, preferably 5-20 percent by weight; and other biomaterial, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peels, brewer's grains, Sugar beet pulp or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage, in a range of 5-95 percent by weight, preferably 10-90 percent by weight, alternatively 10-25 percent by weight.

Particularly preferred is a material containing 1-10 percent by weight, preferably about 5 percent by weight, green algae; 1-10 percent by weight, preferably about 5 percent by weight, red and / or brown algae; and 80-98 percent by weight, preferably about 90 percent by weight, further biomaterial, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peel or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage. Likewise preferred is a material comprising about 10 percent by weight of green algae and about 90 percent by weight of further biomaterial, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery husks, brewer's grains, sugar beet pulp or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage. “About” in this context means ± 3 percent by weight, preferably ± 2 percent by weight, preferably ± 1 percent by weight. The material according to the invention is preferably essentially free from microalgae, preferably free from microalgae.

The material according to the invention preferably consists of green algae as well as red and / or brown algae and / or further biomaterial, the at least one further biomaterial being selected from the group consisting of white cabbage, red cabbage, fruit and vegetable grains, sugar beet pulp, fermented or other vegetable residues and side streams, microalgae and fish gelatin, preferably red cabbage, white cabbage, celery peel or cucumber and salad residues, particularly preferably red cabbage.

The macroalgae can be used fresh or raw. In principle, however, it is also possible to use pre-treated macroalgae that have already been dried, ground or extracted, for example. Suitable macroalgae come from natural sources as they can be found all over the world, marine and land-based aquacultures or from processing processes of macroalgae, such as agar extraction.

It has furthermore been shown to be advantageous that the material according to the invention offers nutritional-physiological added value if no additional additives are added which prevent it from being edible. The material according to the invention is characterized by an advantageous iodine content, mineral content, fiber content and content of secondary metabolites. In particular, the iodine content is reduced to a level that is beneficial for the majority of the world's population through the use of various macroalgae strains. The iodine content is reduced in particular by the proportion of green algae, since the iodine content in green algae, such as Ulva spp., Is up to more than 20 times lower than the iodine content in red algae, e.g. agarophyton with 1100 mg iodine / kg. Furthermore, the salt content of a food packaged in the material according to the invention can be reduced, which offers a further nutritional-physiological advantage. The iodine content can also be reduced by washing the macroalgae. The material according to the invention preferably contains less than 50 mg iodine / kg, preferably less than 30 mg iodine / kg, particularly preferably less than 20 mg iodine / kg. The material according to the invention can have a residual moisture content in the range of 5-65 percent by weight, preferably 5-45 percent by weight, particularly preferably 5-25 percent by weight.

The material according to the invention can have a pH in the range from 4.0-9.0, preferably in the range from 5.0-8.0 and particularly preferably in the range from 6.0-7.5.

The material according to the invention can additionally contain additives. The additives can be present in a range from 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, preferably 2 to 3% by weight. Suitable additives are, for example, food grade additives selected from the group consisting of crosslinking agents, for example salts such as CaCl ₂ or CaC0 ₃ , shell limestone; Enzymes, for example transglutaminase; Impregnating agents, for example fats, waxes and emulsions; Acids, for example hydrochloric acid; Bases, for example sodium hydroxide; Humectants such as glycerin; Flavorings and colors; Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; and preservatives such as sorbic acid and its salts. Particularly suitable additives are selected from the group consisting of food-grade crosslinking agents, for example CaCl ₂ , shell limestone; Impregnating agents, for example waxes and emulsions; Acids, for example hydrochloric acid; Bases, for example sodium hydroxide; and humectants such as glycerin.

If necessary, the material according to the invention can be bleached in order to adapt the coloring. Suitable methods are chemical bleaching, photo-bleaching with oxidizing agents, or a combination of these.

The mechanical properties of the material according to the invention can be set in a wide range from flexible to fixed. They can be set in a targeted manner by the type of comminution, the particle size, the type of shaping, for example the mesh size in fiber casting, the pressure during pressing, the type of drying or the optional addition of additives. A fine and small particle size distribution, the application of pressure and / or increased temperature lead to more homogeneous, stronger materials. A solid material can be achieved in particular through a high proportion of green algae by weight. A flexible material, on the other hand, can be obtained in particular through a combination of green and brown layers with a crosslinking agent (eg CaCl ₂ ). The crosslinking salt can be added before, during or after comminution, but always before drying. The addition of additives can further optimize the material properties; for example, the material can be made more flexible by adding humectants.

The material according to the invention preferably has a puncture force of 0.5-50 N, preferably 0.75-20 N, particularly preferably 1-10 N. The puncture force can be measured by means of a puncture test (test machine 2.5 kN, Zwick-Roell) with a blunt or pointed needle, a material geometry of 4 × 4 cm and a test speed of 50 mm / min. The implementation can be based on DIN EN 14477 for engineering plastics. Furthermore, the material according to the invention preferably has a tensile strength of 1-80

N, preferably 5-50 N, particularly preferably 10-30 N. The tensile strength can be measured with the aid of a tensile strength test (zwicki 2.5 kN testing machine, Zwick-Roell) with a material geometry of 10 cm × 1 cm and a speed of 50 mm / min. It can be carried out in the dry state based on DIN EN ISO 1942-2 for plastic films and paper.

Furthermore, the material according to the invention preferably has an extensibility of

0.1 to 50 mm, preferably 0.15-10 mm, particularly preferably 0.2-5 mm. The extensibility can be measured using the above-mentioned measurement methods for puncture force and tensile strength.

In addition, the material according to the invention preferably has a material thickness (thickness) of 0.1-3 mm, preferably 0.1-1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2-1.1 mm. The material thickness can be measured using a scanner or a micrometer screw.

In addition, material of the invention preferably has a basis weight of 10 2000 g / m ^2, preferably 10-1000 g / m ^2, more preferably 50-750 g / m ^2. The basis weight can be measured with the aid of a scale to determine the weight and a ruler to determine the geometry.

Depending on the composition, the color of the material according to the invention can be fading to deep brown, fading to deep green, fading to deep purple, fading to deep red or gray.

Depending on the composition, the material according to the invention has a slightly maritime to vegetable-like aroma and a closed, homogeneous structure.

In one embodiment, the material according to the invention contains further biomaterials or bio-based, renewable raw materials. These can be of vegetable or animal origin. Examples are selected from the group consisting of white cabbage, red cabbage, fruit and vegetable grains, sugar beet pulp, fermented or other vegetable residues or side streams, microalgae and fish gelatin. The mixing ratio of green algae to further biomaterial in% by weight is preferably 10:90 to 90:10, preferably 70:30 to 30:70, particularly preferably 75:25, most preferably 90:10 or 10:90 more; .

In a further embodiment, several layers of the material according to the invention are combined. The respective layers can have the same or a different composition. In principle, the combination with layers made of other materials is also possible.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing a material based on macroalgae. The method according to the invention comprises that the macroalgae and / or the further biomaterial a) are optionally cleaned, b) are mixed with water, c) are comminuted, d) are shaped and e) are dried.

The method according to the invention enables the direct use of raw macroalgae. In particular, no extraction and / or precipitation steps or chemical pretreatment are necessary. However, pre-treated macroalgae starting material can also be used.

The optional cleaning is used to remove sand, mussels and other impurities that can adhere to raw macroalgae in particular. The cleaning can e.g. B. can be done by rinsing the macroalgae with water.

The macroalgae are mixed with water, especially drinking water, to form a suspension of macroalgae. The macroalgae preferably have a weight fraction, based on the total weight of the mixture of macroalgae and water, in the range of 2-60% by weight, particularly preferably 3-25% by weight, most preferably 5-10% by weight . Instead of water, another aqueous solution can also be used, e.g. a salt solution or a mixture of water with organic solvents, in particular polar organic solvents. A mixture of water with ethanol is particularly suitable.

The suspension of macroalgae is then crushed. The comminuted macroalgae particles preferably have an average particle size in the range from 0.001 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.01-2.5 mm and particularly preferably from 0.05-1.5 mm. The comminution can take place, for example, by means of a rotor-stator system, rotating knives or cyclical comminution processes. The mean particle size can be determined from the particle size distribution as a D ₅₀ value with the aid of wet sieving methods, laser diffraction or image evaluation.

Shaping can take place in porous, grid-like or closed molds by means of spray, vacuum, immersion or nozzle processes, such as, for example, fiber casting, fiber injection molding, thermocompression or casting processes. The shaping process can be carried out with the supply of heat and / or pressure, in particular cyclical pressure loading. In the fiber casting process, the metal grid preferably has a mesh size of at least 0.05 mm. The temperature in the shaping process is preferably 30-220 ° C. for 1 s-200 min, preferably 35-180 ° C. for 3 s-180 min, particularly preferably 40-180 ° C. for 5 s-140 min is preferably 40-4000 bar, preferably 50-2500 bar, particularly preferably 60-1000 bar.

The drying step can preferably be carried out by applying steam, supply of hot air, infrared radiation or between two or more warm plates, e.g. cast plates, or on mats or metal sheets, which are preferably non-stick coated. The drying takes place preferably at 25-220 ° C, preferably at 30-180 ° C, particularly preferably at 40-140 ° C.

The material according to the invention based on macroalgae is suitable as a packaging material, in particular as a packaging material for the transport, preparation and / or consumption of food.

The material according to the invention based on macroalgae is suitable as a packaging material for cosmetic products, pharmaceutical products, health products, agricultural products, horticultural products,

Animal feed and / or textile and building materials or as tableware, in particular disposable tableware.

The material according to the invention is suitable as packaging or crockery, e.g. cups or bowls, in particular disposable crockery.

The material according to the invention is suitable as a mulch film.

The material according to the invention is suitable as an edible substitute for wraps and other foods, e.g. Dürüm or Rollo, in which food is wrapped in an edible casing, e.g. a dough.

All combinations of preferred ranges or of embodiments are particularly preferred.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments.

Embodiments

1. General procedure without special shaping

The macroalgae were suspended in water and crushed to a particle size between 0.05-2.5 mm with the aid of a grinder (eg rotor-stator system). This mixture was either applied to non-stick coated (e.g. PTFE) materials or captured by a fiber casting process with a metal grid with a mesh size of at least 0.05 mm, pressed into shape (40 - 4000 bar) and briefly heated (30 - 220 ° C) for ls - 200 min), in order to then be dried (e.g. circulating or hot air drying, IR drying etc., at 20-220 ° C). The following measurement methods were used on conditioned materials (room temperature 21 ± 2 ° C; relative humidity 53 ± 3%):

The puncture load in N was determined with the aid of a puncture test (test machine 2.5 kN, Zwick-Roell) in the direction of pressure with a pointed needle, a material geometry of 4 × 4 cm and a test speed of 50 mm / min. The implementation was based on DIN EN 14477 for engineering plastics.

The tensile load in N was determined with the aid of a tensile strength test (test machine 2.5 kN, Zwick-Roell) in the tensile direction with a material geometry of 10 cm × 1 cm and a speed of 50 mm / min. The implementation was based on DIN EN ISO 1942-2 for plastic films and paper in the dry state.

The elongation in mm was determined within the tensile strength test and / or the puncture test. The elongation was preferably determined using the tensile strength test.

The material thickness in mm was determined with the help of a digital micrometer screw.

The breakthrough times for oil and water in s, min or h were determined by applying 0.3 ml of oil or water and stopping the time until the substances break through.

1. Comparative example (100% green algae)

The macroalga Ulva spp. (e.g. Ulva lactuca) was weighed as 3 g of dried algae in 60 g of water and comminuted with a rotor-stator system for at least 1 min at 25,000 revolutions / min to an average particle size of about 0.50 mm. A flat packaging material was produced from this in the casting process and dried with circulating air at 40 ° C. The material is firm and not very brittle and has an average material thickness of 0.56 mm, a penetration force of 2.98 N and a tensile strength of 9.9 N. The material has an elasticity of at least 0.55 mm. The material is characteristically green in color and has a slightly typical algae odor. Information on this is given in Table 1.

Table 1: Comparative experiment Vi

2. Example 1 Material based on green algae with red or brown algae

The green alga Ulva spp. (e.g. Ulva lactuca) are used with a minimum weight percentage of at least 30%. For this purpose, e.g. 2 g of dried Ulva spp. or 19.8 g fresh Ulva spp. with, for example, 1 g of dried red algae or 4.3 g of fresh red algae (e.g. Agarophyton vermiculophyllum) weighed in 60 g of water (e.g. demineralized water) and with a rotor-stator system for at least 1 min at 25,000 revolutions / min to a mean particle size of crushed about 0.75 mm. A flat packaging material was then produced using the casting process and dried with circulating air at 40 ° C. The material obtained is solid and not very brittle and has the material properties given in Table 2. The material has a characteristic greenish-brownish color and has a slightly typical odor.

The results show that the addition of red alga leads to excellent barrier properties against oil and good barrier properties against water. Furthermore, the tensile strength and the elasticity improve. The addition of brown algae improves tensile strength and elasticity.

Table 2: Examples Ri to R2 and Bi to B3 of materials based on green algae with red or brown algae

3. Example 2 Material based on green algae with red or brown algae and other treatments or additives

The green alga Ulva spp. (e.g. Ulva lactuca) with a minimum weight fraction of 30 wt. -96 is used. For this purpose, e.g. 2 g of dried Ulva spp. or about 19.8 g fresh Ulva spp. with eg 1 g of dried brown algae (eg Fucus serratus), if necessary together with a calcium source (eg calcium chloride or shell limestone), weighed out to 60 g water and with a rotor-stator system for at least 1 min at 25,000 revolutions / min ) comminuted to a mean particle size of about 0.69 mm. A flat packaging material was then produced using the casting process and dried with circulating air at 40 ° C. The material is firm and not very brittle and has the material properties given in Table 3. The material has a characteristic greenish-brownish color and has a slightly typical algae odor.

In experiments R5 and R6, the macroalgae suspension was heat-treated at 80 ° C. for 60 minutes in a water bath (on an industrial scale in a heated kettle / jacketed kettle with stirrer) after comminution and before drying.

Tests R3 and R4 with red algae and heat treatment show, compared to the comparative example, an improved puncture load, tensile strength, oil barrier properties and elasticity with a lower material thickness. The test B4 with brown alga shows an improved elasticity, as it is suitable for a flexible material. Table 3: Examples R3 to R4 and B4 of materials based on green algae with red or brown algae

4. Example 3 Material based on green algae with red or brown algae and other biomaterials

The green alga Ulva spp. (e.g. Ulva lactuca) with a minimum weight fraction of 5% by weight are used. For this purpose, e.g. 2 g of dried Ulva spp. or about 1.49 g fresh Ulva spp. with eg 0.15 g dried brown alga (eg Fucus spp.) or 0.15 g red alga (eg. Agarophyton spp.) together with red cabbage as additional biomaterial weighed in to 60 g water and with a rotor-stator system at least 1 min crushed at 25,000 revolutions / min. A flat packaging material was then produced using the casting process and dried with circulating air at 40 ° C. The material is firm and not very brittle and has the material properties given in Table 4. The material has a characteristic greenish purple color and has a slightly typical algae and vegetable odor.

The tests K5, K9 and K10 with green algae and another type of algae in combination with the biomaterial show, compared to the comparative example (Vi and Kl), an improved tensile strength and elasticity with a lower material thickness.

The test B4 with brown alga shows an improved elasticity, as it is suitable for a flexible material. In tests K6, K7 and K9 and K10, it was possible to improve the barrier properties against oil and water compared to the comparative example (Vi and Kl). Table 4: Examples K2 to K10 of materials based on green algae, optionally red or brown algae and other biomaterials

Claims

1. Material based on macroalgae, the material comprising a mixture of at least two macroalgae, comprising a) at least one green algae; and b) at least one red and / or brown alga and / or at least one further biomaterial; wherein the at least one further biomaterial is selected from the group consisting of white cabbage, red cabbage, fruit and vegetable grains, sugar beet pulp, fermented or other vegetable residues and side streams, microalgae and fish gelatin.

2. Material according to claim l, which is bio-based, biodegradable, compostable and / or edible.

3. Material according to one of the preceding claims, which contains 1-95% by weight of further biomaterial, based on the total weight of the material.

4. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, which is 5-99 wt .-%

Green algae, based on the total weight of the material.

5. Material according to one of the preceding claims, which contains 1-70% by weight of red alga, based on the total weight of the material.

6. Material according to one of the preceding claims, which contains 1-70% by weight of brown alga, based on the total weight of the material.

7. Material according to one of the preceding claims, the green alga in the range of 50-90 wt .-%, red alga in the range of 5-45 wt .-% and brown alga in the range of 5-45 wt .-%, each based on the Total weight of the material.

8. A method for producing a material according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the macroalgae and / or the further biomaterial a) are optionally cleaned, b) are mixed with water, c) are comminuted, d) are shaped and e) be dried.

9. Use of a composition according to one of the preceding claims as packaging material, in particular as packaging material for the transport, preparation and / or consumption of food.

10. Use of a composition according to one of the preceding claims as packaging material for cosmetic products, pharmaceutical products, health products, agricultural products, horticultural products, animal feed and / or textile and building materials or as tableware, in particular disposable tableware.