WO2021154828A1

WO2021154828A1 - DEOPTIMIZED SARS-CoV-2 AND METHODS AND USES THEREOF

Info

Publication number: WO2021154828A1
Application number: PCT/US2021/015246
Authority: WO
Inventors: Steffen Mueller; John Robert Coleman; Ying Wang; Chen Yang
Original assignee: Codagenix Inc.
Priority date: 2020-01-28
Filing date: 2021-01-27
Publication date: 2021-08-05
Also published as: US20230117167A1; CO2022010743A2; CN115427073A; TW202144570A; MX2022009099A; EP4096712A4; IL295112A; PE20230166A1; EP4096712A1; CA3168100A1; BR112022014700A2; AU2021213121A1; KR20220132588A; CL2022002030A1; JP2023519640A

Abstract

Described herein are modified SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. These viruses have been recoded, for example, codon deoptimized or codon pair bias deoptimized and are useful for reducing the likelihood or severity of a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, preventing a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, eliciting and immune response, or treating a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection.

Description

DEOPTIMIZED SARS-CoV-2 AND METHODS AND USES THEREOF

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application includes a claim of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/966,750, fried January 28, 2020, No. 63/048,942, fried July 7, 2020, No. 63/079,337, fried September 16, 2020, and No. 63/079,853, fried September 17, 2020, the entirety of which are all hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to modified SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses, compositions for eliciting an immune response and vaccines for providing protective immunity, prevention and treatment.

BACKGROUND

[0003] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[0004] An outbreak of a novel coronavirus was identified during mid-December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in central China. A new strain of coronavirus - previously designated as 2019-nCoV (and also previously known as Wuhan Coronavirus), now designated as SARS-CoV-2 - was identified. The deadly coronavirus has been declared by the WHO as pandemic. The public health crisis of this virus rapidly grew from claiming the lives of dozens of people and infecting over a thousand as of the end of January 2020, to claiming the lives of over 900,000 people and infecting over 28 million people as of the beginning of September 2020, and to claiming the lives of over 2 million people and infecting over 100 million people as of the last week of January 2021. SARS-CoV-2 viruses are particularly dangerous for the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, being immunocompromised from a solid organ transplant, obesity, serious heart conditions, sickle cell disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, prophylactic and therapeutic treatments are exceedingly and urgently needed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with compositions and methods which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. [0006] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a polynucleotide encoding one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins, or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide remains the same, or wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 20 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions.

[0007] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be a wild-type SARS- CoV-2. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be a natural isolate SARS- CoV-2. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be Washington isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus having a nucleic acid sequence of GenBank accession no. MN985325.1. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB- 01/2019 isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (SEQ ID NO:l). In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be a SARS-CoV-2 variant. In various embodiments, the parent SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus can be a SARS-CoV-2 variant selected from the group consisting of U.K. variant, South Africa variant, and Brazil variant.

[0008] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can be recoded by reducing codon-pair bias (CPB) or reducing codon usage bias compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can be recoded by increasing the number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. In various embodiments, each of the recoded one or more viral proteins, or each of the recoded one or more fragments thereof can have a codon pair bias less than, -0.05, less than -0.1, less than -0.2, less than -0.3, or less than -0.4. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can be CPB deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can be codon deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

[0009] In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized can be based on frequently used codons or CPB in humans. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized can be based on frequently used codons or CPB in a coronavirus. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized can be based on frequently used codons or CPB in a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized can be based on frequently used codons or CPB in a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. [0010] In various embodiments, the recoded nucleotide sequence can be selected from RNA- dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a fragment of RdRP, a spike protein, a fragment of spike protein, and combinations thereof.

[0011] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can comprise at least one CPB deoptimized region can be selected from bp 11294-12709, bp 14641-15903, bp 21656-22306, bp 22505-23905, and bp 24110-25381 of SEQ ID NO:l or SEQ ID NO:2.

[0012] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can comprise a recoded spike protein or a fragment of spike protein wherein the furin cleavage site can be eliminated.

[0013] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can comprise the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:7, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:7. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can further comprise one or more consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[0014] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide can comprise the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.

[0015] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) comprising any one of the recoded polynucleotides of the present invention. [0016] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a vector comprising any one of the recoded polynucleotides of the present invention.

[0017] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a cell comprising any one of the recoded polynucleotides of the present invention, any one of the BAC of the present invention, or any one of the vectors of the present invention. In various embodiments, the cell can be Vero cell or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell.

[0018] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a polypeptide encoded by any one of the recoded polynucleotides of the present invention.

[0019] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising any one of the recoded polynucleotides of the present invention.

[0020] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising any one of the polypeptides of the present invention encoded by any one of the recoded polynucleotides of the present invention.

[0021] In various embodiments, wherein expression of one or more viral proteins in any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention can be reduced compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

[0022] In various embodiments, the reduction in the expression of one or more of its viral proteins can be reduced as the result of recoding a region selected from RdRP, spike protein and combinations thereof. [0023] In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can comprise a polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1- 29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and one or more consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[0024] In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can comprise a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and one or more consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. [0025] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a vaccine composition for inducing a protective an immune response in a subject, comprising: any one of the modified SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition can further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

[0026] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for an immune composition for eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. In various embodiments, the immune composition can further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

[0027] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a dose of: any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses of the present invention, or any one of the vaccine compositions the present invention, or any one of the immune compositions of the present invention. [0028] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a prime dose of any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses of the present invention, or any one of the vaccine compositions of the present invention, or any one of the immune compositions of the present invention; and administering to the subject one or more boost doses of any one of the modified SARS- CoV-2 coronaviruses of the present invention, or any one of the vaccine compositions of the present invention, or any one of the immune compositions of the present invention.

[0029] In various embodiments, the immune response is a protective immune response.

[0030] In various embodiments, the dose can be a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose. In various embodiments, the dose can be about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU, or the prime dose can be about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU and the one or more boost dose can be about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU.

[0031] In various embodiments, administering can be via a nasal route. In various embodiments, administering can be via nasal drop. In various embodiments, administering can be via nasal spray. [0032] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention for use in eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19. [0033] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention for use in eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19, wherein the use comprises a prime dose of the modified SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention, and one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention.

[0034] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a use of modified SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19.

[0035] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a use of modified SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for use in eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19, wherein the medicament comprises a prime dose of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention, and one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention. [0036] The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. The vaccine composition of the present invention is any one of the vaccine compositions discussed herein. The immune composition of the present invention is any one of the immune compositions discussed herein. In various embodiments, the immune response is a protective immune response.

[0037] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a method of making a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, comprising: obtaining a nucleotide sequence encoding one or more proteins of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus or one or more fragments thereof; recoding the nucleotide sequence to reduce protein expression of the one or more proteins, or the one or more fragments thereof; and substituting a nucleic acid having the recoded nucleotide sequence into the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome to make the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome, wherein expression of the recoded nucleotide sequence is reduced compared to the parent virus.

[0038] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequence can be a wild- type (wt) viral nucleic acid, or a natural isolate.

[0039] In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. [0040] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, various features of embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0041] Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0042] Figure 1 shows exemplary CoV Attenuation and Synthesis Strategy BAC Cloning/DNA Transfection in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 shows exemplary CoV Attenuation and Synthesis Strategy In Vitro Figation/RNA Transfection in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 depicts plaque phenotype of wild-type (left) and CDX-005 (right) strains of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells. CDX-005 produces smaller plaques and grows to 40% lower titers on Vero E6 cells as compared to wild-type virus.

[0045] Figure 4 depicts body weight changes after dosing of wild-type SARS-COV-2 and CDX- 005 in Syrian Gold hamsters.

[0046] Figure 5 depicts Growth of wt WA1 and CDX-005 in Vero cells. Vero cells were infected with the 0.01MOI of wt WA1 or CDX-005 and cultured for up to 96 hrs at 33°C or 37°C. Supernatants were collected to recover virus. Titers were determined by plaque forming assays and reported as log of PFU/ml culture medium.

[0047] Figures 6a-6d depict in vivo attenuation of CDX-005 in hamsters. Hamsters were inoculated with 5xl0⁴ or 5xl0³ PFU/ml of wt WA1, 5xl0⁴ PFU/ml CDX-005. Viral RNA was measured by qPCR at Days 2 and 4 PI in the 6a) olfactory bulb, 6b) brain, and 6c) lungs. (N=3/group; Bars=SEM). 6d) Infectious viral load in left lung tissue of inoculated hamsters was assessed by TCID50 assay and expressed as logio of TCID_¾l/ml. Differences between CDX-005 and wt WA1 treated groups were significant (N=3/group; P<0.001; Bars=SEM). Horizontal lines indicate FOD. [0048] Figures 7a-7c depict in vivo attenuation of CDX-005 in hamsters. Hamsters inoculated with 5xl0⁴ or 5xl0³ PFU/ml of wt WA1 or 5xl0⁴ PFU/ml CDX-005. 7a) The weight of hamsters was measured daily for nine days. Weight changes were significantly different between CDX-005 and wt WA1 treated groups (N= 10-40/group for CDX-005 and wt WA1 5 xlO⁴; N=3-12/group wt WA1 5 xlO³; P<0.001; Bars=SEM). 7b & 7c) Hematoxylin and eosin stained lung sections were examined on Days 2, 4, and 6 PI and scored for cell infiltration. (N=3/group)

[0049] Figures 8a-8d depicts efficacy in Hamsters. 8a) A Spike-Si EFISA was performed with naive hamster control serum or with serum collected from hamsters on Day 16 post-inoculation with wt WA1 or 5xl0⁴ PFU COVI-VAC (CDX-005). Spike SI IgG in COVI-VAC (CDX-005) inoculated hamsters was also measured on Day 18 (two days post WA1 challenge). The endpoint IgG titers are shown as the log of the dilution that was 5X above the background. (N=3/group; Bars=SEM) 8b) Plaque Reduction Neutralization Titers (PRNT) against SARS-CoV-2 WA1 were tested in serum of hamsters 16 days after inoculation with 5xl0⁴ or 5xl0³ PFU of wt WA1 or 5xl0⁴ PFU COVI-VAC (CDX-005). The PRNT is the reciprocal of the last serum dilution that reduced plaque numbers 50, 80, or 90 percent relative to those in wells containing naive hamster serum. (N=3/group; Bars=SD); 8c) CDX-005 vaccinated hamsters on Day 16 post-vaccination and naive animals were challenged with 5xl0⁴ PFU wt SARS-CoV-2. Fungs were harvested on Day 2 post-challenge and viral loads were measured by qPCR and expressed as logio of qPCR genomes/ml of tissue. (N=3/group; Bars=SD). 8d) Hamsters vaccinated with vehicle, 5xl0⁴ PFU of wt WA1 or 5xl0⁴ COVI-VAC (CDX- 005) and challenged with 5xl0⁴ PFU/ml wt WA1 intranasally 27 days post-inoculation. Weights were recorded on the day of challenge and daily for 4 days thereafter. (N=5-6 days 0-2, N=3 Days 3-4, Bars=SEM). The results in a) and b) are from two separate hamster studies.

[0050] Figure 9 depicts attenuation in African Green Monkeys. Tracheal lavage fluid was collected from monkeys at Day 4 and Day 6 post-inoculation with 10⁶ PFU wt WA1 or CDX-005. Favage fluid was subjected to RT-qPCR to detect virus. N=3/group (Day 4) or N=2/group (Day 6). [0051] Figure 10 depicts wt SARS-COV2 v. CDX-005 intranasal dose of 10⁶ in African Green Monkeys.

[0052] Figure 11 depicts crude bulk titers of CDX-005 harvested from Vero cells. Vero WHO “10-87” cells were inoculated with 1.8 x 10⁴ PFU of CDX-005 (-0.01 MOI) then grown for 48 hr. Virus was harvested using the different schemes shown.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0053] All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety as though fully set forth. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Singleton et al., Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 3^rd ed., Revised, J. Wiley & Sons (New York, NY 2006); March, Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure 7^th ed., J. Wiley & Sons (New York, NY 2013); and Sambrook and Russel, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 4^th ed., Cold Spring Harbor Faboratory Press (Cold Spring Harbor, NY 2012), provide one skilled in the art with a general guide to many of the terms used in the present application.

[0054] One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention. Indeed, the present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described. For purposes of the present invention, the following terms are defined below.

[0055] As used herein the term “about” when used in connection with a referenced numeric indication means the referenced numeric indication plus or minus up to 5% of that referenced numeric indication, unless otherwise specifically provided for herein. For example, the language “about 50%” covers the range of 45% to 55%. In various embodiments, the term “about” when used in connection with a referenced numeric indication can mean the referenced numeric indication plus or minus up to 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5% of that referenced numeric indication, if specifically provided for in the claims.

[0056] “Parent virus” as used herein refer to a reference virus to which a recoded nucleotide sequence is compared for encoding the same or similar amino acid sequence.

[0057] “Wuhan coronavirus” and “SARS-CoV-2” and “2019-nCoV” as used herein are interchangeable, and refer to a coronavirus that has a wild-type sequence, natural isolate sequence, or mutant forms of the wild-type sequence or natural isolate sequence that causes COVID-19. Mutant forms arise naturally through the virus’ replication cycles, or through genetic engineering.

[0058] “SARS-CoV-2 variant” as used herein refers to a mutant form of SARS-CoV-2 that has developed naturally through the virus’ replication cycles as it replicates in and/or transmits between hosts such as humans. Examples of SARS-CoV-2 variants include but are not limited to U.K. variant (also known as 20I/501Y.V1, VOC 202012/01, or B.1.1.7), South African variant (also known as 20H/501Y.V2 or B.1.351), and Brazil variant (also known as P.l).

[0059] “Natural isolate” as used herein with reference to SARS-CoV-2 refers to a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 that has been isolated from a host (e.g., human, bat, feline, pig, or any other host) or natural reservoir. The sequence of the natural isolate can be identical or have mutations that arose naturally through the virus’ replication cycles as it replicates in and/or transmits between hosts, for example, humans.

[0060] “Wuhan coronavirus isolate” as used herein refers to a wild-type isolate of SARS-CoV-2 that has Accession ID: EPI ISL 402119, submitted January 10, 2020, and also referred to as BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019, SEQ ID NO:l, which is herein incorporated by reference as though fully set forth in its entirety.

[0061] “Washington coronavirus isolate” as used herein refers to a wild-type isolate of SARS- CoV-2 that has GenBank accession no. MN985325.1 as of July 5, 2020, which is herein incorporated by reference as though fully set forth in its entirety.

[0062] “Frequently used codons” or “codon usage bias” as used herein refer to differences in the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA for a particular species, for example, human, coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2.

[0063] “Codon pair bias” as used herein refers to synonymous codon pairs that are used more or less frequently than statistically predicted in a particular species, for example, human, coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2.

[0064] A “subject” as used herein means any animal or artificially modified animal. Animals include, but are not limited to, humans, non-human primates, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets, rodents such as mice, rats and guinea pigs, bats, snakes, and birds. Artificially modified animals include, but are not limited to, SCID mice with human immune systems. In a preferred embodiment, the subject is a human.

[0065] A “viral host” means any animal or artificially modified animal that a virus can infect. Animals include, but are not limited to, humans, non-human primates, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets, rodents such as mice, rats and guinea pigs, and birds. Artificially modified animals include, but are not limited to, SCID mice with human immune systems. In various embodiments, the viral host is a mammal. In various embodiments, the viral host is a primate. In various embodiments, the viral host is human. Embodiments of birds are domesticated poultry species, including, but not limited to, chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese.

[0066] A “prophylactically effective dose” is any amount of a vaccine or virus composition that, when administered to a subject prone to viral infection or prone to affliction with a virus-associated disorder, induces in the subject an immune response that protects the subject from becoming infected by the virus or afflicted with the disorder. “Protecting” the subject means either reducing the likelihood of the subject’s becoming infected with the virus, or lessening the likelihood of the disorder’s onset in the subject, by at least two-fold, preferably at least ten-fold, 25-fold, 50-fold, or 100 fold. For example, if a subject has a 1% chance of becoming infected with a virus, a two-fold reduction in the likelihood of the subject becoming infected with the virus would result in the subject having a 0.5% chance of becoming infected with the virus.

[0067] As used herein, a “therapeutically effective dose” is any amount of a vaccine or virus composition that, when administered to a subject afflicted with a disorder against which the vaccine is effective, induces in the subject an immune response that causes the subject to experience a reduction, remission or regression of the disorder and/or its symptoms. In preferred embodiments, recurrence of the disorder and/or its symptoms is prevented. In other preferred embodiments, the subject is cured of the disorder and/or its symptoms.

[0068] Certain embodiments of any of the instant immunization and therapeutic methods further comprise administering to the subject at least one adjuvant. An “adjuvant” shall mean any agent suitable for enhancing the immunogenicity of an antigen and boosting an immune response in a subject. Numerous adjuvants, including particulate adjuvants, suitable for use with both protein- and nucleic acid-based vaccines, and methods of combining adjuvants with antigens, are well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable adjuvants for nucleic acid based vaccines include, but are not limited to, Quil A, imiquimod, resiquimod, and interleukin- 12 delivered in purified protein or nucleic acid form. Adjuvants suitable for use with protein immunization include, but are not limited to, alum, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA), saponin, Quil A, and QS-21. [0069] Described herein are SARS-CoV-2 viruses wherein its genes have been recoded, for example, codon deoptimized or codon pair bias deoptimized. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus; however, the nucleotide sequences have been recoded. Recoding of the nucleotide sequence in accordance with the present invention results in reduced protein expression, attenuation or both. These recoded SARS-CoV-2 viruses are useful as vaccines, and particularly, for use as live -attenuated vaccines.

[0070] We generated a synthetic highly attenuated live vaccine candidate, COVI-VAC (also referred to as CDX-005; e.g., SEQ ID NO:4)) from wt SARS-CoV-2. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, we believe that the most likely mechanism for the attenuation is slowed translation, through errors in translation leading to misfolded proteins, changes in RNA secondary structure, or altered regulatory signals may all contribute to reduced protein production. Whatever the mechanism, the attenuated COVI-VAC virus presents every viral antigen in its wt form, providing the potential for a broad immune response and making it likely to retain efficacy even if there is genetic drift in the target strain. COVI-VAC is expected to be highly resistant to reversion to pathogenicity since hundreds of silent (synonymous) mutations contribute to the phenotype. Our tests of reversion indicate that the vaccine is stable as assessed by bulk sequencing of late passage virus and evaluation of potential changes in the fiirin cleavage site.

[0071] Our hamster studies demonstrate that COVI-VAC is safe in these animals. It is highly attenuated, inducing lower total viral loads in the lungs and olfactory bulb and completely abrogating it in the brain and inducing lower live viral loads in the lung of animals inoculated with COVI-VAC than those with wt WA1. Unlike wt virus, COVI-VAC did not induce weight loss or significant lung pathology in inoculated hamsters.

[0072] The hamster studies also suggest that COVI-VAC effectively protect against SARS CoV- 2. Assessment of Abs titers demonstrate that it is as effective as wt virus in inducing serum IgG and neutralizing Abs. It is protective against wt challenge; inoculation with COVI-VAC leads to lower lung viral titers and complete protection against virus in the brain. Hamsters inoculated with COVI- VAC also do not exhibit the weight loss observed in vehicle inoculated animals. Moreover, there is no evidence of disease enhancement.

[0073] Together our data indicates that COVI-VAC is a part of an important new class of live attenuated vaccines currently being developed for use in animals and humans. It presents all viral antigens similar to their native amino acid sequence, can be administered intranasally, is safe and effective in small animal models with a single dose, is resistant to reversion, and can be grown to high titers at a permissive temperature. Clinical trials are currently underway to test its safety and efficacy in humans. [0074] To construct the deoptimized CDX-005 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:4) and CDX-007 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:7) live attenuated vaccine candidates, first the genome of the wild-type WA1 donor virus was parsed in silico into 19 overlapping fragments. Each fragment shares approximately 200 bp of sequence overlap with each adjacent fragment. F1-F19 were generated from cDNA of wild-type WA1 virus RNA by RT-PCR. The fragments were sequence confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We then exchanged Fragment 16 of the WT WA1 virus for fragment 16 that had the deoptimized spike gene sequence to generate the cDNA genome of CDX-005. Similarly, we exchanged Fragment 14 of the WT WA1 virus for fragment 14 that had the deoptimized spike gene sequence to generate the cDNA genome of CDX-007.

[0075] In various embodiments, the molecular parsing of a target Parent virus into small fragments each with about 50 to 300 bp overlaps via RT-PCR and the exchange of any of these fragments is a process that can be used to construct the cDNA genome or genome fragment of any codon-, or codon-pair-deoptimized virus. This cDNA genome with the deoptimized cassette can then be used to recover a deoptimized virus via reverse genetics.

[0076] For CDX-005 and CDX-007, w identified one notable difference in the sequence of our WA1 donor virus (Vero cell passage 6) compared to the published WA1 sequence (Vero cell passage 4). During the two additional WA1 virus passages on Vero E6 cells at Codagenix of the WA1 virus received from BEI Resources, a 36 nt deletion occurred in the Spike gene (genome position 23594- 23629). The deletion encompasses the 12 amino acids TNSPRRARSVAS (SEQ ID NO:8) that include the polybasic fiirin cleavage site. The furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV2 Spike has been proposed as a potential driver of the highly pathogenic phenotype of SARS-CoV2 in the human host. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, we believe that absence of the fiirin cleavage is beneficial to the SARS-CoV-2 virus growth in vitro in Vero cells, and that the deletion evolved during passaging in Vero cell culture. We further believe that the absence of the fiirin cleavage site may contribute to attenuation in the human host of a SARS-CoV-2 virus carrying such mutation. We therefore decided to incorporate the furin cleavage site deletion that was derived into our vaccine candidates CDX-005, and CDX-007. The fiirin cleavage site deletion is located in assembly fragment F15.

[0077] The present invention is based, at least in part, on the foregoing and on the further information as described herein.

[0078] In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but with up to about 20 amino acid deletion(s), substitution(s), or addition(s). However, the nucleotide sequences have been recoded, which results in reduced protein expression, attenuation or both. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but with up to 10 amino acid deletions, substitutions, or additions; however, the nucleotide sequences have been recoded, which results in reduced protein expression, attenuation or both. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but between 1-5 amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but between 6-10 amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but between 11-15 amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but between 16-20 amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition. Again, however, the nucleotide sequences have been recoded, which results in reduced protein expression, attenuation or both. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but 12 amino acid deletions, substitutions, or additions; however, the nucleotide sequences have been recoded, which results in reduced protein expression, attenuation or both. In various embodiments, the amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition results from nucleic acid deletion(s), substitution(s) or addition(s) before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[0079] In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but with a 12 amino acid deletion. In various embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but with a 1-5 amino acid deletion, or a 6-10 amino acid deletion, or a 11-15 amino acid deletion, or a 16-20 amino acid deletion. In various embodiments, the amino acid deletion is in the Spike protein that eliminates the ftirin cleavage site. In various particular embodiments, the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of the present invention have the same amino acid sequences as its parent SARS-CoV-2 virus but with a 12 amino acid deletion that results in the elimination of the furin cleavage site on the Spike protein. In various embodiments, the amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition results from nucleic acid deletion(s), substitution(s) or addition(s) before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[0080] In various embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is recoded. In other embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the spike protein (also known as S gene) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is recoded. In still other embodiments, both the RdRP and the spike proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are recoded. In various embodiments, the recoded spike protein comprises a deletion of nucleotides that eliminates the furin cleavage site; for example, a 36 nucleotide sequence having SEQ ID NO:5. [0081] The recoding of RdRP and/or spike protein encoding sequences of the attenuated viruses of the invention have been made or can be made by one of skill in the art in light of disclosure discussed herein. According to various embodiments of the invention, nucleotide substitutions are engineered in multiple locations in the RdRP and/or spike protein coding sequence, wherein the substitutions introduce a plurality of synonymous codons into the genome. In certain embodiments, the synonymous codon substitutions alter codon bias, codon pair bias, the density of infrequent codons or infrequently occurring codon pairs, RNA secondary structure, CG and/or TA (or UA) dinucleotide content, C+G content, translation frameshift sites, translation pause sites, the presence or absence of microRNA recognition sequences or any combination thereof, in the genome. The codon substitutions may be engineered in multiple locations distributed throughout the RdRP and/or spike protein coding sequence, or in the multiple locations restricted to a portion of the RdRP and/or spike protein coding sequence. Because of the large number of defects (i.e., nucleotide substitutions) involved, the invention allows for production of stably attenuated viruses and live vaccines.

[0082] As discussed further below, in some embodiments, a virus coding sequence is recoded by substituting one or more codon with synonymous codons used less frequently in the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus host (e.g., humans, snakes, bats). In some embodiments, a virus coding sequence is recoded by substituting one or more codons with synonymous codons used less frequently in a coronavirus; for example, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In certain embodiments, the number of codons substituted with synonymous codons is at least 5. In some embodiments, at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 codons are substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used in the host. In certain embodiments, the modified sequence comprises at least 20 codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used. In certain embodiments, the modified sequence comprises at least 50 codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used. In certain embodiments, the modified sequence comprises at least 100 codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used. In certain embodiments, the modified sequence comprises at least 250 codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used. In certain embodiments, the modified sequence comprises at least 500 codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used.

[0083] For example, for the recoded spike protein, the number of codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used in the host is at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 codons.

[0084] For example, for the recoded RdRP protein, the number of codons substituted with synonymous codons less frequently used in the host is at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 codons.

[0085] In some embodiments, the substitution of synonymous codons is with those that are less frequent in the viral host; for example, human. Other examples of viral hosts include but are not limited to those noted above. In some embodiments, the substitution of synonymous codons is with those that are less frequent in the virus itself; for example, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

[0086] In embodiments wherein the modified sequence comprises an increased number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to a corresponding sequence on the parent virus, the increase is of about 15-55 CpG or UpA di -nucleotides compared the corresponding sequence. In various embodiments, increase is of about 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 55 CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared the corresponding sequence. In some embodiments, the increased number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to a corresponding sequence is about 10-75, 15-25, 25-50, or 50-75 CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared the corresponding sequence.

[0087] In some embodiments, virus codon pairs are recoded to reduce (i.e., lower the value of) codon-pair bias. In certain embodiments, codon-pair bias is reduced by identifying a codon pair in an RdRP and/or spike coding sequence having a codon-pair score that can be reduced and reducing the codon-pair bias by substituting the codon pair with a codon pair that has a lower codon-pair score. In some embodiments, this substitution of codon pairs takes the form of rearranging existing codons of a sequence. In some such embodiments, a subset of codon pairs is substituted by rearranging a subset of synonymous codons. In other embodiments, codon pairs are substituted by maximizing the number of rearranged synonymous codons. It is noted that while rearrangement of codons leads to codon-pair bias that is reduced (made more negative) for the virus coding sequence overall, and the rearrangement results in a decreased CPS at many locations, there may be accompanying CPS increases at other locations, but on average, the codon pair scores, and thus the CPB of the modified sequence, is reduced. In some embodiments, recoding of codons or codon-pairs can take into account altering the G+C content of the RdRP and/or spike coding sequence. In some embodiments, recoding of codons or codon-pairs can take into account altering the frequency of CG and/or TA dinucleotides in the RdRP and/or spike coding sequence.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the recoded RdRP and/or spike protein-encoding sequence has a codon pair bias less than -0.1, or less than -0.2, or less than -0.3, or less than -0.4. In some embodiments, the recoded RdRP and/or spike protein-encoding sequence has a codon pair bias less than -0.05, or less than -0.06, or less than -0.07, or less than -0.08, or less than -0.09, or less than -0.1, or less than -0.11, or less than -0.12, or less than -0.13, or less than -0.14, or less than -0.15, or less than -0.16, or less than -0.17, or less than -0.18, or less than -0.19, or less than -0.2, or less than -0.25, or less than -0.3, or less than -0.35, or less than -0.4, or less than -0.45, or less than -0.5.

[0089] In certain embodiments, the codon pair bias of the recoded RdRP and/or spike protein encoding sequence is reduced by at least 0.1, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.4, compared to the parent RdRP and/or spike protein encoding sequence from which it is derived (e.g., the parent sequence RdRP and/or spike protein encoding sequence, the wild-type sequence RdRP and/or spike protein encoding sequence). In certain embodiments, rearrangement of synonymous codons of the RdRP and/or spike protein-encoding sequence provides a codon-pair bias reduction of at least 0.1, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.4, compared to the parent RdRP and/or spike protein encoding sequence from which it is derived. In certain embodiments, the codon pair bias of the recoded the RdRP and/or spike protein-encoding sequence is reduced by at least 0.05, or at least 0.06, or at least 0.07, or at least 0.08, or at least 0.09, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.11, or at least 0.12, or at least 0.13, or at least 0.14, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.16, or at least 0.17, or at least 0.18, or at least 0.19, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.45, or at least 0.5, compared to the corresponding sequence on the parent virus. In certain embodiments, it is in comparison corresponding sequence from which the calculation is to be made; for example, the corresponding sequence of a wild-type virus (e.g., RdRP and/or spike protein-encoding sequence on wild-type virus).

[0090] Usually, these substitutions and alterations are made and reduce expression of the encoded virus proteins without altering the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. In certain embodiments, the invention also includes alterations in the RdRP and/or spike coding sequence that result in substitution of non-synonymous codons and amino acid substitutions in the encoded protein, which may or may not be conservative. In some embodiments, these substitutions and alterations further include substitutions or alterations that results in amino acid deletions, additions, substitutions. For example, the spike protein can be recoded with a 36 nucleotide deletion that results in the elimination of the ftirin cleavage site.

[0091] Most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. See the genetic code in Table 1. For instance, alanine is encoded by GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG. Three amino acids (Leu, Ser, and Arg) are encoded by six different codons, while only Trp and Met have unique codons. “Synonymous” codons are codons that encode the same amino acid. Thus, for example, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG, UUA, and UUG are synonymous codons that code for Leu. Synonymous codons are not used with equal frequency. In general, the most frequently used codons in a particular organism are those for which the cognate tRNA is abundant, and the use of these codons enhances the rate and/or accuracy of protein translation. Conversely, tRNAs for the rarely used codons are found at relatively low levels, and the use of rare codons is thought to reduce translation rate and/or accuracy.

Table 1. Genetic Code

a The in each codon encoding a particular amino acid is shown in the left-most column; the second nucleotide is shown in the top row; and the third nucleotide is shown in the right most column.

Codon Bias

[0092] As used herein, a “rare” codon is one of at least two synonymous codons encoding a particular amino acid that is present in an mRNA at a significantly lower frequency than the most frequently used codon for that amino acid. Thus, the rare codon may be present at about a 2-fold lower frequency than the most frequently used codon. Preferably, the rare codon is present at least a 3 -fold, more preferably at least a 5 -fold, lower frequency than the most frequently used codon for the amino acid. Conversely, a “frequent” codon is one of at least two synonymous codons encoding a particular amino acid that is present in an mRNA at a significantly higher frequency than the least frequently used codon for that amino acid. The frequent codon may be present at about a 2-fold, preferably at least a 3 -fold, more preferably at least a 5 -fold, higher frequency than the least frequently used codon for the amino acid. For example, human genes use the leucine codon CTG 40% of the time, but use the synonymous CTA only 7% of the time (see Table 2). Thus, CTG is a frequent codon, whereas CTA is a rare codon. Roughly consistent with these frequencies of usage, there are 6 copies in the genome for the gene for the tRNA recognizing CTG, whereas there are only 2 copies of the gene for the tRNA recognizing CTA. Similarly, human genes use the frequent codons TCT and TCC for serine 18% and 22% of the time, respectively, but the rare codon TCG only 5% of the time. TCT and TCC are read, via wobble, by the same tRNA, which has 10 copies of its gene in the genome, while TCG is read by a tRNA with only 4 copies. It is well known that those mRNAs that are very actively translated are strongly biased to use only the most frequent codons. This includes genes for ribosomal proteins and glycolytic enzymes. On the other hand, mRNAs for relatively non- abundant proteins may use the rare codons.

Table 2. Codon usage in Homo sapiens (source: www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/)

[0093] The propensity for highly expressed genes to use frequent codons is called “codon bias.” A gene for a ribosomal protein might use only the 20 to 25 most frequent of the 61 codons, and have a high codon bias (a codon bias close to 1), while a poorly expressed gene might use all 61 codons, and have little or no codon bias (a codon bias close to 0). It is thought that the frequently used codons are codons where larger amounts of the cognate tRNA are expressed, and that use of these codons allows translation to proceed more rapidly, or more accurately, or both.

Codon Pair Bias

[0094] In addition, a given organism has a preference for the nearest codon neighbor of a given codon A, referred to a bias in codon pair utilization. A change of codon pair bias, without changing the existing codons, can influence the rate of protein synthesis and production of a protein.

[0095] Codon pair bias may be illustrated by considering the amino acid pair Ala-Glu, which can be encoded by 8 different codon pairs. If no factors other than the frequency of each individual codon (as shown in Table 2) are responsible for the frequency of the codon pair, the expected frequency of each of the 8 encodings can be calculated by multiplying the frequencies of the two relevant codons. For example, by this calculation the codon pair GCA-GAA would be expected to occur at a frequency of 0.097 out of all Ala-Glu coding pairs (0.23x0.42; based on the frequencies in Table 2). In order to relate the expected (hypothetical) frequency of each codon pair to the actually observed frequency in the human genome the Consensus CDS (CCDS) database of consistently annotated human coding regions, containing a total of 14,795 human genes, was used. This set of genes is the most comprehensive representation of human coding sequences. Using this set of genes, the frequencies of codon usage were re-calculated by dividing the number of occurrences of a codon by the number of all synonymous codons coding for the same amino acid. As expected the frequencies correlated closely with previously published ones such as the ones given in Table 2. Slight frequency variations are possibly due to an oversampling effect in the data provided by the codon usage database at Kazusa DNA Research Institute (www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/codon.html) where 84949 human coding sequences were included in the calculation (far more than the actual number of human genes). The codon frequencies thus calculated were then used to calculate the expected codon-pair frequencies by first multiplying the frequencies of the two relevant codons with each other (see Table 3 expected frequency), and then multiplying this result with the observed frequency (in the entire CCDS data set) with which the amino acid pair encoded by the codon pair in question occurs. In the example of codon pair GCA-GAA, this second calculation gives an expected frequency of 0.098 (compared to 0.097 in the first calculation using the Kazusa dataset). Finally, the actual codon pair frequencies as observed in a set of 14,795 human genes was determined by counting the total number of occurrences of each codon pair in the set and dividing it by the number of all synonymous coding pairs in the set coding for the same amino acid pair (Table 3; observed frequency). Frequency and observed/expected values for the complete set of 3721 (61²) codon pairs, based on the set of 14,795 human genes, are provided herewith as Table 3.

Table 3. Codon Pair Scores Exemplified by the Amino Pair Ala-Glu

[0096] If the ratio of observed frequency/expected frequency of the codon pair is greater than one the codon pair is said to be overrepresented. If the ratio is smaller than one, it is said to be underrepresented. In the example, the codon pair GCA-GAA is overrepresented 1.65 fold while the coding pair GCC-GAA is more than 5-fold underrepresented.

[0097] Many other codon pairs show very strong bias; some pairs are under-represented, while other pairs are over-represented. For instance, the codon pairs GCCGAA (AlaGlu) and GATCTG (AspLeu) are three- to six-fold under-represented (the preferred pairs being GCAGAG and GACCTG, respectively), while the codon pairs GCCAAG (AlaLys) and AATGAA (AsnGlu) are about two-fold over-represented. It is noteworthy that codon pair bias has nothing to do with the frequency of pairs of amino acids, nor with the frequency of individual codons. For instance, the under-represented pair GATCTG (AspFeu) happens to use the most frequent Feu codon, (CTG).

[0098] As discussed more fully below, codon pair bias takes into account the score for each codon pair in a coding sequence averaged over the entire length of the coding sequence. According to the invention, codon pair bias is determined by

[0099] Accordingly, similar codon pair bias for a coding sequence can be obtained, for example, by minimized codon pair scores over a subsequence or moderately diminished codon pair scores over the full length of the coding sequence.

Calculation of Codon Pair Bias

[00100] Every individual codon pair of the possible 3721 non-“STOP” containing codon pairs (e.g., GTT-GCT) carries an assigned “codon pair score,” or “CPS” that is specific for a given “training set” of genes. The CPS of a given codon pair is defined as the log ratio of the observed number of occurrences over the number that would have been expected in this set of genes (in this example the human genome). Determining the actual number of occurrences of a particular codon pair (or in other words the likelihood of a particular amino acid pair being encoded by a particular codon pair) is simply a matter of counting the actual number of occurrences of a codon pair in a particular set of coding sequences. Determining the expected number, however, requires additional calculations. The expected number is calculated so as to be independent of both amino acid frequency and codon bias similarly to Gutman and Hatfield. That is, the expected frequency is calculated based on the relative proportion of the number of times an amino acid is encoded by a specific codon. A positive CPS value signifies that the given codon pair is statistically over-represented, and a negative CPS indicates the pair is statistically under-represented in the human genome.

[00101] To perform these calculations within the human context, the most recent Consensus CDS (CCDS) database of consistently annotated human coding regions, containing a total of 14,795 genes, was used. This data set provided codon and codon pair, and thus amino acid and amino-acid pair frequencies on a genomic scale.

[00102] The paradigm of Federov et al. (2002), was used to further enhanced the approach of Gutman and Hatfield (1989). This allowed calculation of the expected frequency of a given codon pair independent of codon frequency and non-random associations of neighboring codons encoding a particular amino acid pair. The detailed equations used to calculate CPB are disclosed in WO 2008/121992 and WO 2011/044561, which are incorporated by reference.

[00103] In the calculation, Pyis a codon pair occurring with a frequency of No(Pi_j) in its synonymous group. Gand Qare the two codons comprising P,,. occurring with frequencies F(Ci) and F(C_j) in their synonymous groups respectively. More explicitly, F(Ci) is the frequency that corresponding amino acid Xfis coded by codon G throughout all coding regions and F ( C )=No(C_j )/N o( X ) where No(G) and No(Xi) are the observed number of occurrences of codon Gand amino acid Xi respectively. F(G) is calculated accordingly. Further, No(Xi_j) is the number of occurrences of amino acid pair X,, throughout all coding regions. The codon pair bias score S(Py) of Py was calculated as the log-odds ratio of the observed frequency N₀(R¾) over the expected number of occurrences of N_e(Pi_j).

[00104] Using the formula above, it was then determined whether individual codon pairs in individual coding sequences are over- or under-represented when compared to the corresponding genomic N_e(Pi_j) values that were calculated by using the entire human CCDS data set. This calculation resulted in positive S(Py) score values for over-represented and negative values for under-represented codon pairs in the human coding regions.

[00105] The “combined” codon pair bias of an individual coding sequence was calculated by averaging all codon pair scores according to the following formula:

[00106] The codon pair bias of an entire coding region is thus calculated by adding all of the individual codon pair scores comprising the region and dividing this sum by the length of the coding sequence.

Calculation of Codon Pair Bias, Implementation of Algorithm to Alter Codon-Pair Bias.

[00107] An algorithm was developed to quantify codon pair bias. Every possible individual codon pair was given a “codon pair score”, or “CPS”. CPS is defined as the natural log of the ratio of the observed over the expected number of occurrences of each codon pair over all human coding regions, where humans represent the host species of the instant vaccine virus to be recoded.

[00108] Although the calculation of the observed occurrences of a particular codon pair is straightforward (the actual count within the gene set), the expected number of occurrences of a codon pair requires additional calculation. We calculate this expected number to be independent both of amino acid frequency and of codon bias, similar to Gutman and Hatfield. That is, the expected frequency is calculated based on the relative proportion of the number of times an amino acid is encoded by a specific codon. A positive CPS value signifies that the given codon pair is statistically over-represented, and a negative CPS indicates the pair is statistically under-represented in the human genome.

[00109] Using these calculated CPSs, any coding region can then be rated as using over- or under represented codon pairs by taking the average of the codon pair scores, thus giving a Codon Pair Bias (CPB) for the entire gene.

[00110] The CPB has been calculated for all annotated human genes using the equations shown and plotted. Each point in the graph corresponds to the CPB of a single human gene. The peak of the distribution has a positive codon pair bias of 0.07, which is the mean score for all annotated human genes. Also, there are very few genes with a negative codon pair bias. Equations established to define and calculate CPB were then used to manipulate this bias.

Algorithm for Reducing Codon-Pair Bias.

[00111] Recoding of protein-encoding sequences may be performed with or without the aid of a computer, using, for example, a gradient descent, or simulated annealing, or other minimization routine. An example of the procedure that rearranges codons present in a starting sequence can be represented by the following steps:

1) Obtain wild-type viral genome sequence.

2) Select protein coding sequences to target for attenuated design.

3) Lock down known or conjectured DNA segments with non-coding functions.

4) Select desired codon distribution for remaining amino acids in redesigned proteins.

5) Perform random shuffle of at least two synonymous unlocked codon positions and calculate codon-pair score.

6) Further reduce (or increase) codon-pair score optionally employing a simulated annealing procedure. 7) Inspect resulting design for excessive secondary structure and unwanted restriction site:

• if yes-> go to step (5) or correct the design by replacing problematic regions with wild-type sequences and go to step (8).

8) Synthesize DNA sequence corresponding to virus design.

9) Create viral construct and assess viral phenotype:

• if too attenuated, prepare subclone construct and go to 9;

• if insufficiently attenuated, go to 2.

[00112] Attenuation of viruses by reducing codon pair bias is disclosed in WO 2008/121992 and WO 2011/044561, which are incorporated by reference as though fully set forth.

[00113] Methods of obtaining full-length SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence or codon pair deoptimized sequences embedded in a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence (or its mutant forms of the wild-type sequence that causes COVID-19) can include for example, constructing an infectious cDNA clone, using BAC vector, using an overlap extension PCR strategy, or long PCR-based fusion strategy.

Recoded polynucleotides

[00114] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a polynucleotide encoding one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins, or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide remains the same. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins, or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide remains the same before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[00115] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a polynucleotide encoding one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 20 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 20 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions is before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence. [00116] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a polynucleotide encoding one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 10 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 10 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions is before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[00117] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a polynucleotide encoding one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 12 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 12 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions is before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[00118] In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises up to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, or 16-20 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition results from nucleic acid deletion(s), substitution(s) or addition(s) before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[00119] In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises 12 amino acid deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, or 16-20 amino acid deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions can be due to one or more point mutations in the recoded sequence. In various embodiments, the amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition results from nucleic acid deletion(s), substitution(s) or addition(s) before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence.

[00120] Thus, in various embodiments for these recoded polynucleotides (with or without the nucleic acid deletion(s), substitution(s) or addition(s)), the recoded polynucleotide can have a different length for the polyA tail; for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,

18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end; or for example, 1-6, 7-12, 13- 18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, or 49-54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end; or for example, 9-37, 12-34, 15-33, 18-30, or 21-27 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end; or for example, 19-25 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[00121] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is recoded by reducing codon-pair bias (CPB) or reducing codon usage bias compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. [00122] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is recoded by increasing the number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

[00123] In various embodiments, each of the recoded one or more viral proteins, or each of the recoded one or more fragments thereof has a codon pair bias less than, -0.05, less than -0.1, less than -0.2, less than -0.3, or less than -0.4.

[00124] In certain embodiments, the recoded viral protein is RdRP and/or spike protein and each of the recoded viral protein or fragment thereof has a codon pair bias less than -0.05, or less than -0.06, or less than -0.07, or less than -0.08, or less than -0.09, or less than -0.1, or less than -0.11, or less than -0.12, or less than -0.13, or less than -0.14, or less than -0.15, or less than -0.16, or less than -0.17, or less than -0.18, or less than -0.19, or less than -0.2, or less than -0.25, or less than -0.3, or less than -0.35, or less than -0.4, or less than -0.45, or less than -0.5.

[00125] In certain embodiments, the recoded viral protein is RdRP and/or spike protein and each of the recoded viral protein or fragment thereof is reduced by at least 0.05, or at least 0.06, or at least 0.07, or at least 0.08, or at least 0.09, or at least 0.1, or at least 0.11, or at least 0.12, or at least 0.13, or at least 0.14, or at least 0.15, or at least 0.16, or at least 0.17, or at least 0.18, or at least 0.19, or at least 0.2, or at least 0.25, or at least 0.3, or at least 0.35, or at least 0.4, or at least 0.45, or at least 0.5, compared to the corresponding sequence on the parent sequence. In certain embodiments, it is in comparison corresponding sequence on the parent sequence from which the calculation is to be made; for example, the corresponding sequence of a wild-type virus.

[00126] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a natural isolate SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus.

[00127] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type Washington isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (GenBank: MN985325.1), herein by reference as though fully set forth in its entirety.

[00128] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a mutant form of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequence.

[00129] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a SARS-CoV-2 variant. In various embodiments, SARS-CoV-2 variant is U.K. variant, South Africa variant, or Brazil variant. [00130] Examples of the U.K. variant include but are not limited to GenBank Accession Nos. MW462650 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/MN-MDH-2252/2020), MW463056 (SARS-CoV- 2/human/USA/FL-BPHL-2270/2020), and MW440433 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/NY-Wadsworth- 291673-01/2020), all as of January 19, 2021, all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety. Additional examples of the U.K. variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 778842 (hCoV-19 USA/TX-CDC-9KXP-8438/2020; 2020-12-28),

EPI ISL 802609 (hCoV-19/USA/CA-CDC-STM-050/2020; 2020-12-28), EPI_ISL_802647 (hCoV- 19/USA/FL-CDC-STM-043/2020; 2020-12-26), EPI_ISL_832014 (hCoV- 19 US A/UT-UPHL-

2101178518/2020; 2020-12-31), EPI_ISL_850618 (hCoV-19/USA/IN-CDC-STM- 183/2020; 2020- 12-31), and EPI_ISL_850960 (hCoV-19/USA/FL-CDC-STM-A 100002/2021; 2021-01-04), all as of January 20, 2021, and all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety. [00131] Examples of the South Africa variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 766709 (hCoV-19/Sweden/20- 13194/2020; 2020-12-24), EPI_ISL_768828 (hCoV- 19/France/PAC-NRC2933/2020; 2020-12-22), EPI_ISL_770441 (hCoV-

19/England/205280030/2020; 2020-12-24), and EPI ISL 819798 (hCoV-19/England/OXON-

F440A7/2020; 2020-12-18), all as of January 20, 2021, and all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety.

[00132] Examples of the Brazil variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 677212 (hCoV-19/USA VA-DCLS-2187/2020; 2020-11-12), EPI_ISL_723494 (hCoV- 19/USA/VA-DCLS-2191/2020; 2020-11-12), EPI_ISL_845768 (hCoV-19/USA/GA-EHC-

458R/2021; 2021-01-05), EPI_ISL_848196 (hCoV-19/Canada LTRI-l 192/2020; 2020-12-24), and EPI ISL 848197 (hCoV-19/Canada/LTRI-1258/2020; 2020-12-24), all as of January 20, 2021, and all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety.

[00133] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a previously modified viral nucleic acid, or a previously attenuated viral nucleic acid.

[00134] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is CPB deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is codon deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

[00135] In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in humans. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a coronavirus. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

[00136] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a recoded nucleotide sequence selected from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a fragment of RdRP, a spike protein, a fragment of spike protein, and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, polynucleotide comprises a deletion of nucleotides that results in a deletion of amino acids in the spike protein that eliminates the furin cleavage site. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventors believe that eliminating the furin cleavage site will be one of the drivers of safety of the vaccine and/or immune composition.

[00137] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises at least one CPB deoptimized region selected from bp 11294-12709, bp 14641-15903, bp 21656-22306, bp 22505-23905, and bp 24110-25381 of SEQ ID NO:l or SEQ ID NO:2.

[00138] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises SEQ ID NO:3 (Wuhan- CoV lOlK). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 (e.g., without the polyA tail). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,

19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46,

47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, or 49-54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 9-37, 12-34, 15-33, 18-30, or 21-27 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 19-25 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[00139] In various embodiment, the polynucleotide comprises SEQ ID NO:4. SEQ ID NO:4 is the deoptimized sequence in comparison to the wild-type WA-1 sequence (GenBank: MN985325.1 herein incorporated by reference as though fully set forth) (e.g., CDX-005). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 (e.g., without the polyA tail). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,

32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, or 49-54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 9-37, 12-34, 15-33, 18-30, or 21-27 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 19-25 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[00140] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide encodes SEQ ID NO:6 (recoded spike protein).

Vectors, Cells, Polypeptides [00141] Various embodiments provide for a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention. The polynucleotides of the present invention are the recoded polypeptides as discussed herein.

[00142] Various embodiments provide for a vector comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention. The polynucleotides of the present invention are the recoded polypeptides as discussed herein.

[00143] A cell comprising a vector of the present invention. The vectors are those as discussed herein.

[00144] In various embodiments, the cell is a Vero cell, HeLa Cell, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell, MAI 04 cell, 293T Cell, BSR-T7 Cell, MRC-5 cell, CHO cell, or PER.C6 cell. In particular embodiments, the cell is Vero cell or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell.

[00145] Various embodiments provide for a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide of the present invention. The polynucleotides of the present invention are the recoded polypeptides as discussed herein. The polypeptide exhibits properties that are different than a polypeptide encoded by the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus, or a polypeptide encoded by a SARS-CoV-2 variant. For example, the polypeptide encoded by recoded polynucleotides and deoptimized polynucleotides as discussed herein can exert attenuating properties to the virus.

Modified Viruses

[00146] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide of the present invention. The polynucleotides of the present invention are the recoded polypeptides as discussed herein.

[00147] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention. The polynucleotides of the present invention are any one of the recoded polypeptides discussed herein.

[00148] In various embodiments, the expression of one or more of its viral proteins is reduced compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

[00149] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a natural isolate SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus.

[00150] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type Washington isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (GenBank: MN985325.1), herein by reference as though fully set forth in its entirety.

[00151] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a mutant form of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequence. [00152] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a SARS-CoV-2 variant. In various embodiments, SARS-CoV-2 variant is U.K. variant, South Africa variant, or Brazil variant. [00153] Examples of the U.K. variant include but are not limited to GenBank Accession Nos. MW462650 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/MN-MDH-2252/2020), MW463056 (SARS-CoV- 2/human/USA/FL-BPHL-2270/2020), and MW440433 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/NY-Wadsworth- 291673-01/2020), all as of January 19, 2021, all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety. Additional examples of the U.K. variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 778842 (hCoV-19 USA/TX-CDC-9KXP-8438/2020; 2020-12-28),

2101178518/2020; 2020-12-31), EPI_ISL_850618 (hCoV-19/USA/IN-CDC-STM- 183/2020; 2020- 12-31), and EPI_ISL_850960 (hCoV-19/USA/FL-CDC-STM-A 100002/2021; 2021-01-04), all as of January 20, 2021, and all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety. [00154] Examples of the South Africa variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 766709 (hCoV-19/Sweden/20- 13194/2020; 2020-12-24), EPI_ISL_768828 (hCoV-

19/France/PAC-NRC2933/2020; 2020-12-22), EPI_ISL_770441 (hCoV-

[00155] Examples of the Brazil variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 677212 (hCoV-19/USA VA-DCLS-2187/2020; 2020-11-12), EPI_ISL_723494 (hCoV- 19/USA/VA-DCLS-2191/2020; 2020-11-12), EPI_ISL_845768 (hCoV-19/USA/GA-EHC-

[00156] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a previously modified viral nucleic acid, or a previously attenuated viral nucleic acid.

[00157] In various embodiments the reduction in the expression of one or more of its viral proteins is reduced as the result of recoding a region selected RdRP protein, spike protein, and combinations thereof.

[00158] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide encodes one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins, or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide remains the same. [00159] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide encodes one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 15 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises up to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises 12 amino acid deletions. In various embodiments, the amino acid sequence comprises 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, or 13-15 amino acid deletions. The amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions can be due to one or more point mutations in the recoded sequence. In various embodiments, the amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition results from nucleic acid deletion(s), substitution(s) or addition(s) before the polyA tail of the nucleic acid sequence of the parent SARS- CoV-2 virus sequence.

[00160] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is recoded by reducing codon-pair bias (CPB) or reducing codon usage bias compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. [00161] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is recoded by increasing the number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

[00162] In various embodiments, each of the recoded one or more viral proteins, or each of the recoded one or more fragments thereof has a codon pair bias less than, -0.05, less than -0.1, less than -0.2, less than -0.3, or less than -0.4.

[00163] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a natural isolate SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus.

[00164] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is wild-type Washington isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (GenBank: MN985325.1), herein by reference as though fully set forth in its entirety.

[00165] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a mutant form of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequence.

[00166] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a SARS-CoV-2 variant. In various embodiments, SARS-CoV-2 variant is U.K. variant, South Africa variant, or Brazil variant. [00167] Examples of the U.K. variant include but are not limited to GenBank Accession Nos. MW462650 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/MN-MDH-2252/2020), MW463056 (SARS-CoV- 2/human/USA/FL-BPHL-2270/2020), and MW440433 (SARS-CoV-2/human/USA/NY-Wadsworth- 291673-01/2020), all as of January 19, 2021, all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety. Additional examples of the U.K. variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 778842 (hCoV-19/USA/TX-CDC-9KXP-8438/2020; 2020-12-28),

2101178518/2020; 2020-12-31), EPI_ISL_850618 (hCoV-19/USA/IN-CDC-STM- 183/2020; 2020- 12-31), and EPI_ISL_850960 (hCoV-19/USA/FL-CDC-STM-A 100002/2021; 2021-01-04), all as of January 20, 2021, and all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety. [00168] Examples of the South Africa variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 766709 (hCoV-19/Sweden/20- 13194/2020; 2020-12-24), EPI_ISL_768828 (hCoV-

19/France/PAC-NRC2933/2020; 2020-12-22), EPI_ISL_770441 (hCoV-

[00169] Examples of the Brazil variant include but are not limited to GISAID ID Nos. EPI ISL 677212 (hCoV-19/USA VA-DCLS-2187/2020; 2020-11-12), EPI_ISL_723494 (hCoV- 19/USA/VA-DCLS-2191/2020; 2020-11-12), EPI_ISL_845768 (hCoV-19/USA/GA-EHC- 458R/2021; 2021-01-05), EPI_ISL_848196 (hCoV-19/Canada LTRI-l 192/2020; 2020-12-24), and EPI ISL 848197 (hCoV-19/Canada/LTRI-1258/2020; 2020-12-24), all as of January 20, 2021, and all incorporated herein by reference as though fully set forth in their entirety.

[00170] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a previously modified viral nucleic acid, or a previously attenuated viral nucleic acid.

[00171] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is CPB deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide is codon deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

[00172] In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in humans. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a coronavirus. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus. In various embodiments, the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

[00173] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a recoded nucleotide sequence selected from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a fragment of RdRP, a spike protein, a fragment of spike protein, and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, polynucleotide comprises a deletion of nucleotides that results in a deletion of amino acids in the spike protein that eliminates the ftirin cleavage site. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventors believe that eliminating the ftirin cleavage site will be one of the drivers of safety of the vaccine and/or immune composition. [00174] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises at least one CPB deoptimized region selected from bp 11294-12709, bp 14641-15903, bp 21656-22306, bp 22505-23905, and bp 24110-25381 of SEQ ID NO: l or SEQ ID NO:2.

[00175] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises SEQ ID NO:3 (Wuhan- CoV lOlK). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 (e.g., without the polyA tail). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, or 49-54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 9-37, 12-34, 15-33, 18-30, or 21-27 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,877 of SEQ ID NO:3 and 19-25 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[00176] In various embodiment, the polynucleotide comprises SEQ ID NO:4. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 (e.g., without the polyA tail). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, or 49-54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 9-37, 12-34, 15-33, 18-30, or 21-27 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and 19-25 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

[00177] In various embodiment, the polynucleotide comprises SEQ ID NO:7. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:7 (e.g., without the polyA tail). In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:7 and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, or 54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:7 and 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24, 25-30, 31-36, 37-42, 43-48, or 49-54 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:7 and 9-37, 12-34, 15-33, 18-30, or 21-27 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. In various embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:7 and 19-25 consecutive adenines on the 3’ end. [00178] In various embodiments, the polynucleotide encodes SEQ ID NO:6 (recoded spike protein).

Immune and/or Vaccines Compositions

[00179] Various embodiments provide for an immune composition for inducing an immune response in a subject, comprising: a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention is a live -attenuated virus. In some embodiments the immune composition further comprises an acceptable excipient or carrier as described herein. In some embodiments, the immune composition further comprises a stabilizer as described herein. In some embodiments, the immune composition further comprise an adjuvant as described herein. In some embodiments, the immune composition further comprises sucrose, glycine or both. In various embodiments, the immune composition further comprises about sucrose (5%) and about glycine (5%). In various embodiments, the acceptable carrier or excipient is selected from the group consisting of a sugar, amino acid, surfactant and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the amino acid is at a concentration of about 5% w/v. Nonlimiting examples of suitable amino acids include arginine and histidine. Nonlimiting examples of suitable carriers include gelatin and human serum albumin. Nonlimiting examples of suitable surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as Polysorbate 80 at very low concentration of 0.01-0.05%.

[00180] In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at dosages of about 10³-10⁷ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at dosages of about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 10³ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁷ PFU.

[00181] In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0³ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁷ PFU.

[00182] Various embodiments provide for a vaccine composition for inducing an immune response in a subject, comprising: a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention is a live-attenuated virus. In some embodiments the vaccine composition further comprises an acceptable carrier or excipient as described herein. In some embodiments, the immune composition further comprises a stabilizer as described herein. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition further comprise an adjuvant as described herein. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition further comprises sucrose, glycine or both. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition further comprises sucrose (5%) and glycine (5%). In various embodiments, the acceptable carrier or excipient is selected from the group consisting of a sugar, amino acid, surfactant and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the amino acid is at a concentration of about 5% w/v. Nonlimiting examples of suitable amino acids include arginine and histidine. Nonlimiting examples of suitable carriers include gelatin and human serum albumin. Nonlimiting examples of suitable surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as Polysorbate 80 at very low concentration of 0.01-0.05%.

[00183] In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at dosages of about 10³-10⁷ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at dosages of about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10³ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁷ PFU.

[00184] In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0³ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁷ PFU.

[00185] Various embodiments provide for a vaccine composition for inducing a protective immune response in a subject, comprising: a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention is a live-attenuated virus. In some embodiments the vaccine composition further comprises an acceptable carrier or excipient as described herein. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition further comprise an adjuvant as described herein. In some embodiments, the vaccine composition further comprises sucrose, glycine or both. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition further comprises sucrose (5%) and glycine (5%). In various embodiments, the acceptable carrier or excipient is selected from the group consisting of a sugar, amino acid, surfactant and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the amino acid is at a concentration of about 5% w/v. Nonlimiting examples of suitable amino acids include arginine and histidine. Nonlimiting examples of suitable carriers include gelatin and human serum albumin. Nonlimiting examples of suitable surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as Polysorbate 80 at very low concentration of 0.01-0.05%.

[00186] In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at dosages of about 10³-10⁷ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at dosages of about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10³ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is provided at a dosage of about 10⁷ PFU.

[00187] In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0³ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the immune composition is provided at a dosage of about 5xl0⁷ PFU.

[00188] It should be understood that an attenuated virus of the invention, where used to elicit an immune response in a subject (or protective immune response) or to prevent a subject from or reduce the likelihood of becoming afflicted with a virus-associated disease, can be administered to the subject in the form of a composition additionally comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients are known to those skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, one or more of 0.01-0.1M and preferably 0.05M phosphate buffer, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), DMEM, U-15, a 10-25% sucrose solution in PBS, a 10-25% sucrose solution in DMEM, or 0.9% saline. Such carriers also include aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. Aqueous carriers include water, alcoholic/aqueous solutions, emulsions or suspensions, saline and buffered media. Examples of non-aqueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution, Ringer’s dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer’s and fixed oils. Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers such as those based on Ringer’s dextrose, and the like. Solid compositions may comprise nontoxic solid carriers such as, for example, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, sodium carbonate, gelatin, recombinant human serum albumin, human serum albumin, and/or magnesium carbonate. For administration in an aerosol, such as for pulmonary and/or intranasal delivery, an agent or composition is preferably formulated with a nontoxic surfactant, for example, esters or partial esters of C6 to C22 fatty acids or natural glycerides, and a propellant. Additional carriers such as lecithin may be included to facilitate intranasal delivery. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients can further comprise minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives and other additives, such as, for example, antimicrobials, antioxidants and chelating agents, which enhance the shelf life and/or effectiveness of the active ingredients. The instant compositions can, as is well known in the art, be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to a subject.

[00189] In various embodiments, the vaccine composition or immune composition is formulated for delivery intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition or immune composition is formulated for delivery intranasally. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition or immune composition is formulated for delivery via a nasal drop or nasal spray.

Methods of using the compositions of the present invention.

[00190] Various embodiments provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a dose of an immune composition the present invention. The immune composition is any one of the immune composition discussed herein. In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose.

[00191] In various embodiments, the immune composition is administered intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the immune composition is administered intranasally. In various embodiments, the immune composition is administered via a nasal drop or nasal spray.

[00192] Various embodiments provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a dose of a vaccine composition the present invention. The vaccine composition is any one of the vaccine composition discussed herein. In various embodiments, the immune response is a protective immune response. In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose.

[00193] In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is administered intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is administered intranasally. In various embodiments, the vaccine composition is administered via a nasal drop or nasal spray.

[00194] Various embodiments provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a dose of a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. In various embodiments, the immune response is a protective immune response. In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose. [00195] In various embodiments, the dose is about 10³-10⁷ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10³ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10⁷ PFU. [00196] In various embodiments, the dose is about 5xl0³ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 5xl0⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 5xl0⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 5xl0⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 5xl0⁷ PFU.

[00197] In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is administered intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is administered intranasally. In various embodiments, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is administered via a nasal drop or nasal spray.

[00198] Various embodiments provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a prime dose of a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention; and administering to the subject one or more boost doses of a modified SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention. The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose.

[00199] In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is administered intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is administered intranasally. In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is administered via a nasal drop or nasal spray.

[00200] Various embodiments provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a prime dose of an immune composition of the present invention; and administering to the subject one or more boost doses of an immune composition of the present invention. The immune composition is any one of the immune composition discussed herein. In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose. [00201] In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the immune composition is administered intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the immune composition is administered intranasally. In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the immune composition is administered via a nasal drop or nasal spray. [00202] Various embodiments provide for a method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a prime dose of a vaccine composition of the present invention; and administering to the subject one or more boost doses of a vaccine composition of the present invention. The vaccine composition is any one of the vaccine composition discussed herein. In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose.

[00203] In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the vaccine composition is administered intravenously, or intrathecally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intranasally. In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the vaccine composition is administered intranasally. In various embodiments, the prime dose and/or the one or more boost doses of the vaccine composition is administered via a nasal drop or nasal spray.

[00204] The timing between the prime and boost dosages can vary, for example, depending on the stage of infection or disease (e.g., non-infected, infected, number of days post infection), and the patient’s health. In various embodiments, the one or more boost dose is administered about 2 weeks after the prime dose. That is, the prime dose is administered and about two weeks thereafter, a boost dose is administered. In various embodiments, the one or more boost dose is administered about 4 weeks after the prime dose. In various embodiments, the one or more boost dose is administered about 6 weeks after the prime dose. In various embodiments, the one or more boost dose is administered about 8 weeks after the prime dose. In various embodiments, the one or more boost dose is administered about 12 weeks after the prime dose. In various embodiments, the one or more boost dose is administered about 1-12 weeks after the prime dose.

[00205] In various embodiments, the one or more boost doses can be given as one boost dose. In other embodiments, the one or more boost doses can be given as a boost dose periodically. For example, it can be given quarterly, every 4 months, every 6 months, yearly, every 2 years, every 3 years, every 4 years, every 5 years, every 6 years, every 7 years, every 8 years, every 9 years, or every 10 years.

[00206] In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 10³-10⁷ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 10³ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 10⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 10⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 10⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the dose is about 10⁷ PFU.

[00207] In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 5x10³ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 5xl0⁴ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 5xl0⁵ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 5xl0⁶ PFU. In various embodiments, the prime dose and boost does are each about 5xl0⁷ PFU.

[00208] In various embodiments, the dosage for the prime dose and the boost dose is the same. [00209] In various embodiments, the dosage amount can vary between the prime and boost dosages. As a non-limiting example, the prime dose can contain fewer copies of the virus compared to the boost dose. For example, the prime dose is about 10³ PFU and the boost dose is about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU, or, the prime dose is about 10⁴ and the boost dose is about 10⁵-10⁷ PFU.

[00210] In various embodiments, wherein the boost dose is administered periodically, the subsequent boost doses can be less than the first boost dose.

[00211] As another non-limiting example, the prime dose can contain more copies of the virus compared to the boost dose.

[00212] In various embodiments, the immune response is a protective immune response.

[00213] In various embodiments, the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose.

[00214] In various embodiments, intranasal administration of a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, the immune composition of the present invention or the vaccine composition of the present invention comprises: instructing the subject blow the nose and tilt the head back; optionally, instructing the subject reposition the head to avoid having composition dripping outside of the nose or down the throat; administering about 0.25 mU comprising the dosage into each nostril; instructing the subject to sniff gently; and instructing the subject to not blow the nose for a period of time; for example, about 60 minutes.

[00215] In some embodiments, the subject is not taking any immunosuppressive medications. In various embodiments, the subject is not taking any immunosuppressive medications about 180 days, 150 days, 120 days, 90 days, 75 days, 60 days, 45 days, 30 days, 15 days or 7 days before the administration of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, the immune composition of the present invention or the vaccine composition of the present invention. In various embodiments, the subject does not take any immunosuppressive medications for about 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days, 75 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days, 180 days, 9 months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months, 21 months, or 24 months after the administration of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, the immune composition of the present invention or the vaccine composition of the present invention.

[00216] Immunosuppressive medications (including, but not limited to, the following: Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), budesonide (Entocort EC), prednisolone (Millipred)), Calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune, SangCya), tacrolimus (Astagraf XL, Envarsus XR, Prograf), Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (e.g., sirolimus (Rapamune), everolimus (Afmitor, Zortress)), Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMDH) inhibitors, (e.g., azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), leflunomide (Arava), mycophenolate (CellCept, Myfortic)), Biologies (e.g., abatacept (Orencia), adalimumab (Humira), anakinra (Kineret), certolizumab (Cimzia), etanercept (Enbrel), golimumab (Simponi), infliximab (Remicade), ixekizumab (Taltz), natalizumab (Tysabri), rituximab (Rituxan), secukinumab (Cosentyx), tocibzumab (Actemra), ustekinumab (Stelara), vedolizumab (Entyvio)), Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., basiliximab (Simulect), daclizumab (Zinbryta), muromonab (Orthoclone OKT3)).

Medical Uses

[00217] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention for use in eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19.

[00218] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention for use in eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19, wherein the use comprises a prime dose of the modified SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention, and one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention.

[00219] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a use of modified SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19.

[00220] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a use of modified SARS-CoV- 2 coronavirus of the present invention, a vaccine composition of the present invention, or an immune composition of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for use in eliciting an immune response, or for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of COVID-19, wherein the medicament comprises a prime dose of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention, and one or more boost doses of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention, or the vaccine composition of the present invention, or the immune composition of the present invention. [00221] The modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of the present invention is any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus discussed herein. The vaccine composition of the present invention is any one of the vaccine compositions discussed herein. The immune composition of the present invention is any one of the immune compositions discussed herein.

[00222] In various embodiments, the immune response is a protective immune response.

Methods of making

[00223] Various embodiments provide for a method of making a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, comprising: obtaining a nucleotide sequence encoding one or more proteins of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus or one or more fragments thereof; recoding the nucleotide sequence to reduce protein expression of the one or more proteins, or the one or more fragments thereof, and substituting a nucleic acid having the recoded nucleotide sequence into the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome to make the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome, wherein expression of the recoded nucleotide sequence is reduced compared to the parent virus.

[00224] In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a wild-type (wt) viral nucleic acid. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a natural isolate viral nucleic acid. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a previously modified viral nucleic acid, or a previously attenuated viral nucleic acid. In various embodiments, the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a SARS-CoV-2 variant.

[00225] In various embodiment, making the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome comprises using a cloning host.

[00226] In various embodiment, making the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome comprises constructing an infectious cDNA clone, using BAC vector, using an overlap extension PCR strategy, or long PCR-based fusion strategy.

[00227] In various embodiment, the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome further comprises one or more mutations, including deletion, substitutions and additions. One or more can be

1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, 81-90, or 91- 100 mutations.

[00228] In various embodiments, recoding the nucleotide sequence to reduce protein expression of the one or more proteins, or the one or more fragments thereof is by way of reducing codon-pair bias (CPB) compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, reducing codon usage bias compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, or increasing the number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, as discuss herein.

Attenuated virus generation

[00229] Various embodiments of the present invention provide for a method of generating an attenuated, comprising: transfection a population of cells with a vector comprising the viral genome; passaging the population of cells in a cell culture at least one time; collecting supernatant from cell culture.

[00230] In various embodiments, the method further comprises concentrating the supernatant. [00231] In various embodiments, the method comprises passaging the population of cells 2 to 15 times; and collecting supernatant from the cell culture of the population of cells. In various embodiments, the method comprises passaging the population of cells 2 to 10 times; and collecting supernatant from the cell culture of the population of cells. In various embodiments, the method comprises passaging the population of cells 2 to 7 times; and collecting supernatant from the cell culture of the population of cells. In various embodiments, the method comprises passaging the population of cells 2 to 5 times; and collecting supernatant from the cell culture of the population of cells. In various embodiments, the method comprises passaging the population of cells 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 10 times; and collecting supernatant from the cell culture of the population of cells. In various embodiments, collecting supernatant from the cell culture is done during each passage of the population of cells. In other embodiments, collecting supernatant from the cell culture is done during one or more passages of the population of cells. For example, it can be done every other passage; every two passage, every three passage, etc.

Kits

[00232] The present invention is also directed to a kit to vaccinate a subject, to elicit an immune response or to elicit a protective immune response in a subject. The kit is useful for practicing the inventive method of elicit an immune response or to elicit a protective immune response. The kit is an assemblage of materials or components, including at least one of the inventive compositions. Thus, in some embodiments the kit contains a composition including any one of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus discussed herein, any one of the immune compositions discussed herein, or any one of the vaccine compositions discussed herein of the present invention. Thus, in some embodiments the kit contains unitized single dosages of the composition including the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, the immune compositions, or the vaccine compositions of the present invention as described herein; for example, each vial contains enough for a dose of about 10³-10⁷ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or more particularly, 10⁴-10⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10⁴ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10⁵ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or 10⁶ PFU of the modified SARS- CoV-2 virus; or more particularly, 5xl0⁴-5xl0⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 5xl0⁴ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 5xl0⁵ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or 5xl0⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus. In various embodiments, the kit contains multiple dosages of the composition including the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, the immune compositions, or the vaccine compositions of the present invention as described herein; for example, if the kit contains 10 dosages per vial, each vial contains about 10 x 10³-10⁷ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or more particularly, 10 x 10⁴-10⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10 x 10⁴ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10 x 10⁵ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or 10 x 10⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or more particularly, 50xl0⁴-50xl0⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 50xl0⁴ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, 50xl0⁵ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, or 50xl0⁶ PFU of the modified SARS-CoV-2 virus.

[00233] The exact nature of the components configured in the inventive kit depends on its intended purpose. For example, some embodiments are configured for the purpose of vaccinating a subject, for eliciting an immune response or for eliciting a protective immune response in a subject. In one embodiment, the kit is configured particularly for the purpose of prophylactically treating mammalian subjects. In another embodiment, the kit is configured particularly for the purpose of prophylactically treating human subjects. In further embodiments, the kit is configured for veterinary applications, treating subjects such as, but not limited to, farm animals, domestic animals, and laboratory animals.

[00234] Instructions for use may be included in the kit. “Instructions for use” typically include a tangible expression describing the technique to be employed in using the components of the kit to effect a desired outcome, such as to vaccinate a subject, to elicit an immune response or to elicit a protective immune response in a subject. For example, for nasal administration, instructions for use can include but are not limited to instructions for the subject to blow the nose and tilt the head back, instructions for the subject reposition the head to avoid having composition dripping outside of the nose or down the throat, instructions for administering about 0.25 mU comprising the dosage into each nostril; instructions for the subject to sniff gently, and/or instructions for the subject to not blow the nose for a period of time; for example, about 60 minutes. Further instructions can include instruction for the subject to not take any immunosuppressive medications

[00235] Optionally, the kit also contains other useful components, such as, diluents, buffers, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, syringes, droppers, catheters, applicators, pipetting or measuring tools, bandaging materials or other useful paraphernalia as will be readily recognized by those of skill in the art.

[00236] The materials or components assembled in the kit can be provided to the practitioner stored in any convenient and suitable ways that preserve their operability and utility. For example, the components can be in dissolved, dehydrated, or lyophilized form; they can be provided at room, refrigerated or frozen temperatures. The components are typically contained in suitable packaging material(s). As employed herein, the phrase “packaging material” refers to one or more physical structures used to house the contents of the kit, such as inventive compositions and the like. The packaging material is constructed by known methods, preferably to provide a sterile, contaminant-free environment. The packaging materials employed in the kit are those customarily utilized in vaccines. As used herein, the term “package” refers to a suitable solid matrix or material such as glass, plastic, paper, foil, and the like, capable of holding the individual kit components. Thus, for example, a package can be a glass vial used to contain suitable quantities of an inventive composition containing modified SARS-CoV-2 virus, the immune compositions, or the vaccine compositions of the present invention as described herein. The packaging material generally has an external label which indicates the contents and/or purpose of the kit and/or its components.

Sequences

[00237] SEQ ID NO:2 - restriction site-modified reference sequence, modified to knock out Bsal and BsmBI sites; knocked out existing Bsal: al7973g (Arg AGA to AGG), c24106 t (Asp GAC to GAT); knocked out existing BsmBI sites: c2197t (Asp GAC to GAT), a9754g (Arg AGA to AGG), gl7331a (Glu GAG to GAA)

[00238] ATTAAAGGTTTATACCTTCCCAGGTAACAAACCAACCAACTTTCGATCTCTTG

TAGATCTGTTCTCTAAACGAACTTTAAAATCTGTGTGGCTGTCACTCGGCTGCATGCTTAG

TGCACTCACGCAGTATAATTAATAACTAATTACTGTCGTTGACAGGACACGAGTAACTCG

TCTATCTTCTGCAGGCTGCTTACGGTTTCGTCCGTGTTGCAGCCGATCATCAGCACATCTA

GGTTTCGTCCGGGTGTGACCGAAAGGTAAGATGGAGAGCCTTGTCCCTGGTTTCAACGAG

AAAACACACGTCCAACTCAGTTTGCCTGTTTTACAGGTTCGCGACGTGCTCGTACGTGGC

TTTGGAGACTCCGTGGAGGAGGTCTTATCAGAGGCACGTCAACATCTTAAAGATGGCACT

TGTGGCTTAGTAGAAGTTGAAAAAGGCGTTTTGCCTCAACTTGAACAGCCCTATGTGTTC

ATCAAACGTTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGGTTGAGCTGGTAGCA

GAACTCGAAGGCATTCAGTACGGTCGTAGTGGTGAGACACTTGGTGTCCTTGTCCCTCAT

GTGGGCGAAATACCAGTGGCTTACCGCAAGGTTCTTCTTCGTAAGAACGGTAATAAAGG

AGCTGGTGGCCATAGTTACGGCGCCGATCTAAAGTCATTTGACTTAGGCGACGAGCTTGG

CACTGATCCTTATGAAGATTTTCAAGAAAACTGGAACACTAAACATAGCAGTGGTGTTAC

CCGTGAACTCATGCGTGAGCTTAACGGAGGGGCATACACTCGCTATGTCGATAACAACTT

CTGTGGCCCTGATGGCTACCCTCTTGAGTGCATTAAAGACCTTCTAGCACGTGCTGGTAA

AGCTTCATGCACTTTGTCCGAACAACTGGACTTTATTGACACTAAGAGGGGTGTATACTG

CTGCCGTGAACATGAGCATGAAATTGCTTGGTACACGGAACGTTCTGAAAAGAGCTATG

AATTGCAGACACCTTTTGAAATTAAATTGGCAAAGAAATTTGACACCTTCAATGGGGAAT

GTCCAAATTTTGTATTTCCCTTAAATTCCATAATCAAGACTATTCAACCAAGGGTTGAAA

AGAAAAAGCTTGATGGCTTTATGGGTAGAATTCGATCTGTCTATCCAGTTGCGTCACCAA

ATGAATGCAACCAAATGTGCCTTTCAACTCTCATGAAGTGTGATCATTGTGGTGAAACTT

CATGGCAGACGGGCGATTTTGTTAAAGCCACTTGCGAATTTTGTGGCACTGAGAATTTGA

CTAAAGAAGGTGCCACTACTTGTGGTTACTTACCCCAAAATGCTGTTGTTAAAATTTATT

GTCCAGCATGTCACAATTCAGAAGTAGGACCTGAGCATAGTCTTGCCGAATACCATAATG

AATCTGGCTTGAAAACCATTCTTCGTAAGGGTGGTCGCACTATTGCCTTTGGAGGCTGTG TGTTCTCTTATGTTGGTTGCCATAACAAGTGTGCCTATTGGGTTCCACGTGCTAGCGCTAA

CATAGGTTGTAACCATACAGGTGTTGTTGGAGAAGGTTCCGAAGGTCTTAATGACAACCT

TCTTGAAATACTCCAAAAAGAGAAAGTCAACATCAATATTGTTGGTGACTTTAAACTTAA

GTGAAAGGTTTGGATTATAAAGCATTCAAACAAATTGTTGAATCCTGTGGTAATTTTAAA

GTTACAAAAGGAAAAGCTAAAAAAGGTGCCTGGAATATTGGTGAACAGAAATCAATACT

GAGTCCTCTTTATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCTGCTCGTGTTGTACGATCAATTTTCTCCCGC

ACTCTTGAAACTGCTCAAAATTCTGTGCGTGTTTTACAGAAGGCCGCTATAACAATACTA

GATGGAATTTCACAGTATTCACTGAGACTCATTGATGCTATGATGTTCACATCTGATTTG

GCTACTAACAATCTAGTTGTAATGGCCTACATTACAGGTGGTGTTGTTCAGTTGACTTCG

CAGTGGCTAACTAACATCTTTGGCACTGTTTATGAAAAACTCAAACCCGTCCTTGATTGG

CTTGAAGAGAAGTTTAAGGAAGGTGTAGAGTTTCTTAGAGAtGGTTGGGAAATTGTTAAA

TTTATCTCAACCTGTGCTTGTGAAATTGTCGGTGGACAAATTGTCACCTGTGCAAAGGAA

ACTCTATCATTATTGGTGGAGCTAAACTTAAAGCCTTGAATTTAGGTGAAACATTTGTCA

CGCACTCAAAGGGATTGTACAGAAAGTGTGTTAAATCCAGAGAAGAAACTGGCCTACTC

ATGCCTCTAAAAGCCCCAAAAGAAATTATCTTCTTAGAGGGAGAAACACTTCCCACAGA

AGTGTTAACAGAGGAAGTTGTCTTGAAAACTGGTGATTTACAACCATTAGAACAACCTAC

TAGTGAAGCTGTTGAAGCTCCATTGGTTGGTACACCAGTTTGTATTAACGGGCTTATGTT

GCTCGAAATCAAAGACACAGAAAAGTACTGTGCCCTTGCACCTAATATGATGGTAACAA

ACAATACCTTCACACTCAAAGGCGGTGCACCAACAAAGGTTACTTTTGGTGATGACACTG

TGATAGAAGTGCAAGGTTACAAGAGTGTGAATATCACTTTTGAACTTGATGAAAGGATT

GATAAAGTACTTAATGAGAAGTGCTCTGCCTATACAGTTGAACTCGGTACAGAAGTAAA

TGAGTTCGCCTGTGTTGTGGCAGATGCTGTCATAAAAACTTTGCAACCAGTATCTGAATT

ACTTACACCACTGGGCATTGATTTAGATGAGTGGAGTATGGCTACATACTACTTATTTGA

TGAGTCTGGTGAGTTTAAATTGGCTTCACATATGTATTGTTCTTTCTACCCTCCAGATGAG

GATGAAGAAGAAGGTGATTGTGAAGAAGAAGAGTTTGAGCCATCAACTCAATATGAGTA

TGGTACTGAAGATGATTACCAAGGTAAACCTTTGGAATTTGGTGCCACTTCTGCTGCTCT

TCAACCTGAAGAAGAGCAAGAAGAAGATTGGTTAGATGATGATAGTCAACAAACTGTTG

GTCAACAAGACGGCAGTGAGGACAATCAGACAACTACTATTCAAACAATTGTTGAGGTT

CAACCTCAATTAGAGATGGAACTTACACCAGTTGTTCAGACTATTGAAGTGAATAGTTTT

AGTGGTTATTTAAAACTTACTGACAATGTATACATTAAAAATGCAGACATTGTGGAAGAA

GCTAAAAAGGTAAAACCAACAGTGGTTGTTAATGCAGCCAATGTTTACCTTAAACATGG

AGGAGGTGTTGCAGGAGCCTTAAATAAGGCTACTAACAATGCCATGCAAGTTGAATCTG

ATGATTACATAGCTACTAATGGACCACTTAAAGTGGGTGGTAGTTGTGTTTTAAGCGGAC

ACAATCTTGCTAAACACTGTCTTCATGTTGTCGGCCCAAATGTTAACAAAGGTGAAGACA TTCAACTTCTTAAGAGTGCTTATGAAAATTTTAATCAGCACGAAGTTCTACTTGCACCATT

GAGGAAGTTAAGCCATTTATAACTGAAAGTAAACCTTCAGTTGAACAGAGAAAACAAGA

TGATAAGAAAATCAAAGCTTGTGTTGAAGAAGTTACAACAACTCTGGAAGAAACTAAGT

TCCTCACAGAAAACTTGTTACTTTATATTGACATTAATGGCAATCTTCATCCAGATTCTGC

CACTCTTGTTAGTGACATTGACATCACTTTCTTAAAGAAAGATGCTCCATATATAGTGGG

TGATGTTGTTCAAGAGGGTGTTTTAACTGCTGTGGTTATACCTACTAAAAAGGCTGGTGG

CACTACTGAAATGCTAGCGAAAGCTTTGAGAAAAGTGCCAACAGACAATTATATAACCA

CTTACCCGGGTCAGGGTTTAAATGGTTACACTGTAGAGGAGGCAAAGACAGTGCTTAAA

AAGTGTAAAAGTGCCTTTTACATTCTACCATCTATTATCTCTAATGAGAAGCAAGAAATT

CTTGGAACTGTTTCTTGGAATTTGCGAGAAATGCTTGCACATGCAGAAGAAACACGCAA

ATTAATGCCTGTCTGTGTGGAAACTAAAGCCATAGTTTCAACTATACAGCGTAAATATAA

GGGTATTAAAATACAAGAGGGTGTGGTTGATTATGGTGCTAGATTTTACTTTTACACCAG

TAAAACAACTGTAGCGTCACTTATCAACACACTTAACGATCTAAATGAAACTCTTGTTAC

AATGCCACTTGGCTATGTAACACATGGCTTAAATTTGGAAGAAGCTGCTCGGTATATGAG

ATCTCTCAAAGTGCCAGCTACAGTTTCTGTTTCTTCACCTGATGCTGTTACAGCGTATAAT

GGTTATCTTACTTCTTCTTCTAAAACACCTGAAGAACATTTTATTGAAACCATCTCACTTG

CTGGTTCCTATAAAGATTGGTCCTATTCTGGACAATCTACACAACTAGGTATAGAATTTC

TTAAGAGAGGTGATAAAAGTGTATATTACACTAGTAATCCTACCACATTCCACCTAGATG

GTGAAGTTATCACCTTTGACAATCTTAAGACACTTCTTTCTTTGAGAGAAGTGAGGACTA

TTAAGGTGTTTACAACAGTAGACAACATTAACCTCCACACGCAAGTTGTGGACATGTCAA

TGACATATGGACAACAGTTTGGTCCAACTTATTTGGATGGAGCTGATGTTACTAAAATAA

AACCTCATAATTCACATGAAGGTAAAACATTTTATGTTTTACCTAATGATGACACTCTAC

GTGTTGAGGCTTTTGAGTACTACCACACAACTGATCCTAGTTTTCTGGGTAGGTACATGT

CAGCATTAAATCACACTAAAAAGTGGAAATACCCACAAGTTAATGGTTTAACTTCTATTA

AATGGGCAGATAACAACTGTTATCTTGCCACTGCATTGTTAACACTCCAACAAATAGAGT

TGAAGTTTAATCCACCTGCTCTACAAGATGCTTATTACAGAGCAAGGGCTGGTGAAGCTG

CTAACTTTTGTGCACTTATCTTAGCCTACTGTAATAAGACAGTAGGTGAGTTAGGTGATG

TTAGAGAAACAATGAGTTACTTGTTTCAACATGCCAATTTAGATTCTTGCAAAAGAGTCT

TGAACGTGGTGTGTAAAACTTGTGGACAACAGCAGACAACCCTTAAGGGTGTAGAAGCT

GTTATGTACATGGGCACACTTTCTTATGAACAATTTAAGAAAGGTGTTCAGATACCTTGT

ACGTGTGGTAAACAAGCTACAAAATATCTAGTACAACAGGAGTCACCTTTTGTTATGATG

TCAGCACCACCTGCTCAGTATGAACTTAAGCATGGTACATTTACTTGTGCTAGTGAGTAC

ACTGGTAATTACCAGTGTGGTCACTATAAACATATAACTTCTAAAGAAACTTTGTATTGC ATAGACGGTGCTTTACTTACAAAGTCCTCAGAATACAAAGGTCCTATTACGGATGTTTTC

TACAAAGAAAACAGTTACACAACAACCATAAAACCAGTTACTTATAAATTGGATGGTGT

TGTTTGTACAGAAATTGACCCTAAGTTGGACAATTATTATAAGAAAGACAATTCTTATTT

CACAGAGCAACCAATTGATCTTGTACCAAACCAACCATATCCAAACGCAAGCTTCGATA

ATTTTAAGTTTGTATGTGATAATATCAAATTTGCTGATGATTTAAACCAGTTAACTGGTTA

GGTGGCTATTGATTATAAACACTACACACCCTCTTTTAAGAAAGGAGCTAAATTGTTACA

TAAACCTATTGTTTGGCATGTTAACAATGCAACTAATAAAGCCACGTATAAACCAAATAC

CTGGTGTATACGTTGTCTTTGGAGCACAAAACCAGTTGAAACATCAAATTCGTTTGATGT

ACTGAAGTCAGAGGACGCGCAGGGAATGGATAATCTTGCCTGCGAAGATCTAAAACCAG

TCTCTGAAGAAGTAGTGGAAAATCCTACCATACAGAAAGACGTTCTTGAGTGTAATGTG

AAAACTACCGAAGTTGTAGGAGACATTATACTTAAACCAGCAAATAATAGTTTAAAAAT

TACAGAAGAGGTTGGCCACACAGATCTAATGGCTGCTTATGTAGACAATTCTAGTCTTAC

TATTAAGAAACCTAATGAATTATCTAGAGTATTAGGTTTGAAAACCCTTGCTACTCATGG

TTTAGCTGCTGTTAATAGTGTCCCTTGGGATACTATAGCTAATTATGCTAAGCCTTTTCTT

AACAAAGTTGTTAGTACAACTACTAACATAGTTACACGGTGTTTAAACCGTGTTTGTACT

AATTATATGCCTTATTTCTTTACTTTATTGCTACAATTGTGTACTTTTACTAGAAGTACAA

ATTCTAGAATTAAAGCATCTATGCCGACTACTATAGCAAAGAATACTGTTAAGAGTGTCG

GTAAATTTTGTCTAGAGGCTTCATTTAATTATTTGAAGTCACCTAATTTTTCTAAACTGAT

ATCTTGTACAAATGGCCCCGATTTCAGCTATGGTTAGAATGTACATCTTCTTTGCATCATT

TTATTATGTATGGAAAAGTTATGTGCATGTTGTAGACGGTTGTAATTCATCAACTTGTATG

ATGTGTTACAAACGTAATAGAGCAACAAGAGTCGAATGTACAACTATTGTTAATGGTGTT

AGAAGGTCCTTTTATGTCTATGCTAATGGAGGTAAAGGCTTTTGCAAACTACACAATTGG

AATTGTGTTAATTGTGATACATTCTGTGCTGGTAGTACATTTATTAGTGATGAAGTTGCGA

GAGACTTGTCACTACAGTTTAAAAGACCAATAAATCCTACTGACCAGTCTTCTTACATCG

TTGATAGTGTTACAGTGAAGAATGGTTCCATCCATCTTTACTTTGATAAAGCTGGTCAAA

AGACTTATGAAAGACATTCTCTCTCTCATTTTGTTAACTTAGACAACCTGAGAGCTAATA

AATCATCTGCAAAATCAGCGTCTGTTTACTACAGTCAGCTTATGTGTCAACCTATACTGTT ACTAGATCAGGCATTAGTGTCTGATGTTGGTGATAGTGCGGAAGTTGCAGTTAAAATGTT

TGATGCTTACGTTAATACGTTTTCATCAACTTTTAACGTACCAATGGAAAAACTCAAAAC

ACTAGTTGCAACTGCAGAAGCTGAACTTGCAAAGAATGTGTCCTTAGACAATGTCTTATC

TACTTTTATTTCAGCAGCTCGGCAAGGGTTTGTTGATTCAGATGTAGAAACTAAAGATGT

TGTTGAATGTCTTAAATTGTCACATCAATCTGACATAGAAGTTACTGGCGATAGTTGTAA

TAACTATATGCTCACCTATAACAAAGTTGAAAACATGACACCCCGTGACCTTGGTGCTTG

TATTGACTGTAGTGCGCGTCATATTAATGCGCAGGTAGCAAAAAGTCACAACATTGCTTT

GATATGGAACGTTAAAGATTTCATGTCATTGTCTGAACAACTACGAAAACAAATACGTA

GTGCTGCTAAAAAGAATAACTTACCTTTTAAGTTGACATGTGCAACTACTAGACAAGTTG

TTAATGTTGTAACAACAAAGATAGCACTTAAGGGTGGTAAAATTGTTAATAATTGGTTGA

ATTGTTATGATACCAATGTACTAGAAGGTTCTGTTGCTTATGAAAGTTTACGCCCTGACA

CACGTTATGTGCTCATGGATGGCTCTATTATTCAATTTCCTAACACCTACCTTGAAGGTTC

TGTTAGAGTGGTAACAACTTTTGATTCTGAGTACTGTAGGCACGGCACTTGTGAAAGATC

AGAAGCTGGTGTTTGTGTATCTACTAGTGGTAGATGGGTACTTAACAATGATTATTACAG

ATCTTTACCAGGAGTTTTCTGTGGTGTAGATGCTGTAAATTTACTTACTAATATGTTTACA

CCACTAATTCAACCTATTGGTGCTTTGGACATATCAGCATCTATAGTAGCTGGTGGTATT

GTAGCTATCGTAGTAACATGCCTTGCCTACTATTTTATGAGGTTTAGAAGAGCTTTTGGTG

AATACAGTCATGTAGTTGCCTTTAATACTTTACTATTCCTTATGTCATTCACTGTACTCTG

TTTAACACCAGTTTACTCATTCTTACCTGGTGTTTATTCTGTTATTTACTTGTACTTGACAT

TTAGTACCTTTCTGGATAACAATTGCTTATATCATTTGTATTTCCACAAAGCATTTCTATT

GGTTCTTTAGTAATTACCTAAAGAGgCGTGTAGTCTTTAATGGTGTTTCCTTTAGTACTTTT

GAAGAAGCTGCGCTGTGCACCTTTTTGTTAAATAAAGAAATGTATCTAAAGTTGCGTAGT

GATGTGCTATTACCTCTTACGCAATATAATAGATACTTAGCTCTTTATAATAAGTACAAG

TATTTTAGTGGAGCAATGGATACAACTAGCTACAGAGAAGCTGCTTGTTGTCATCTCGCA

AAGGCTCTCAATGACTTCAGTAACTCAGGTTCTGATGTTCTTTACCAACCACCACAAACC

TCTATCACCTCAGCTGTTTTGCAGAGTGGTTTTAGAAAAATGGCATTCCCATCTGGTAAA

GTTGAGGGTTGTATGGTACAAGTAACTTGTGGTACAACTACACTTAACGGTCTTTGGCTT GATGACGTAGTTTACTGTCCAAGACATGTGATCTGCACCTCTGAAGACATGCTTAACCCT

AATTATGAAGATTTACTCATTCGTAAGTCTAATCATAATTTCTTGGTACAGGCTGGTAAT

GTTCAACTCAGGGTTATTGGACATTCTATGCAAAATTGTGTACTTAAGCTTAAGGTTGAT

ACAGCCAATCCTAAGACACCTAAGTATAAGTTTGTTCGCATTCAACCAGGACAGACTTTT

TCAGTGTTAGCTTGTTACAATGGTTCACCATCTGGTGTTTACCAATGTGCTATGAGGCCCA

ATTTCACTATTAAGGGTTCATTCCTTAATGGTTCATGTGGTAGTGTTGGTTTTAACATAGA

GGCACAGACTTAGAAGGTAACTTTTATGGACCTTTTGTTGACAGGCAAACAGCACAAGC

AGCTGGTACGGACACAACTATTACAGTTAATGTTTTAGCTTGGTTGTACGCTGCTGTTAT

AAATGGAGACAGGTGGTTTCTCAATCGATTTACCACAACTCTTAATGACTTTAACCTTGT

GGCTATGAAGTACAATTATGAACCTCTAACACAAGACCATGTTGACATACTAGGACCTCT

TTCTGCTCAAACTGGAATTGCCGTTTTAGATATGTGTGCTTCATTAAAAGAATTACTGCA

AAATGGTATGAATGGACGTACCATATTGGGTAGTGCTTTATTAGAAGATGAATTTACACC

TTTTGATGTTGTTAGACAATGCTCAGGTGTTACTTTCCAAAGTGCAGTGAAAAGAACAAT

CAAGGGTACACACCACTGGTTGTTACTCACAATTTTGACTTCACTTTTAGTTTTAGTCCAG

CAACCGCTACTTTAGACTGACTCTTGGTGTTTATGATTACTTAGTTTCTACACAGGAGTTT

AGATATATGAATTCACAGGGACTACTCCCACCCAAGAATAGCATAGATGCCTTCAAACTC

AACATTAAATTGTTGGGTGTTGGTGGCAAACCTTGTATCAAAGTAGCCACTGTACAGTCT

AAAATGTCAGATGTAAAGTGCACATCAGTAGTCTTACTCTCAGTTTTGCAACAACTCAGA

GTAGAATCATCATCTAAATTGTGGGCTCAATGTGTCCAGTTACACAATGACATTCTCTTA

GCTAAAGATACTACTGAAGCCTTTGAAAAAATGGTTTCACTACTTTCTGTTTTGCTTTCCA

TGCAGGGTGCTGTAGACATAAACAAGCTTTGTGAAGAAATGCTGGACAACAGGGCAACC

TTACAAGCTATAGCCTCAGAGTTTAGTTCCCTTCCATCATATGCAGCTTTTGCTACTGCTC

AAGAAGCTTATGAGCAGGCTGTTGCTAATGGTGATTCTGAAGTTGTTCTTAAAAAGTTGA

AGAAGTCTTTGAATGTGGCTAAATCTGAATTTGACCGTGATGCAGCCATGCAACGTAAGT

TGGAAAAGATGGCTGATCAAGCTATGACCCAAATGTATAAACAGGCTAGATCTGAGGAC AAGAGGGCAAAAGTTACTAGTGCTATGCAGACAATGCTTTTCACTATGCTTAGAAAGTTG

GATAATGATGCACTCAACAACATTATCAACAATGCAAGAGATGGTTGTGTTCCCTTGAAC

ATAATACCTCTTACAACAGCAGCCAAACTAATGGTTGTCATACCAGACTATAACACATAT

AAAAATACGTGTGATGGTACAACATTTACTTATGCATCAGCATTGTGGGAAATCCAACAG

GTTGTAGATGCAGATAGTAAAATTGTTCAACTTAGTGAAATTAGTATGGACAATTCACCT

AATTTAGCATGGCCTCTTATTGTAACAGCTTTAAGGGCCAATTCTGCTGTCAAATTACAG

AATAATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTGCACTACGACAGATGTCTTGTGCTGCCGGTACTACACAA

ACTGCTTGCACTGATGACAATGCGTTAGCTTACTACAACACAACAAAGGGAGGTAGGTTT

GTACTTGCACTGTTATCCGATTTACAGGATTTGAAATGGGCTAGATTCCCTAAGAGTGAT

GGAACTGGTACTATCTATACAGAACTGGAACCACCTTGTAGGTTTGTTACAGACACACCT

AAAGGTCCTAAAGTGAAGTATTTATACTTTATTAAAGGATTAAACAACCTAAATAGAGGT

ATGGTACTTGGTAGTTTAGCTGCCACAGTACGTCTACAAGCTGGTAATGCAACAGAAGTG

CCTGCCAATTCAACTGTATTATCTTTCTGTGCTTTTGCTGTAGATGCTGCTAAAGCTTACA

AAGATTATCTAGCTAGTGGGGGACAACCAATCACTAATTGTGTTAAGATGTTGTGTACAC

ACACTGGTACTGGTCAGGCAATAACAGTTACACCGGAAGCCAATATGGATCAAGAATCC

TTTGGTGGTGCATCGTGTTGTCTGTACTGCCGTTGCCACATAGATCATCCAAATCCTAAA

GGATTTTGTGACTTAAAAGGTAAGTATGTACAAATACCTACAACTTGTGCTAATGACCCT

GTGGGTTTTACACTTAAAAACACAGTCTGTACCGTCTGCGGTATGTGGAAAGGTTATGGC

AACGGGTTTGCGGTGTAAGTGCAGCCCGTCTTACACCGTGCGGCACAGGCACTAGTACTG

ATGTCGTATACAGGGCTTTTGACATCTACAATGATAAAGTAGCTGGTTTTGCTAAATTCC

TAAAAACTAATTGTTGTCGCTTCCAAGAAAAGGACGAAGATGACAATTTAATTGATTCTT

ACTTTGTAGTTAAGAGACACACTTTCTCTAACTACCAACATGAAGAAACAATTTATAATT

TACTTAAGGATTGTCCAGCTGTTGCTAAACATGACTTCTTTAAGTTTAGAATAGACGGTG

ACATGGTACCACATATATCACGTCAACGTCTTACTAAATACACAATGGCAGACCTCGTCT

ATGCTTTAAGGCATTTTGATGAAGGTAATTGTGACACATTAAAAGAAATACTTGTCACAT

ACAATTGTTGTGATGATGATTATTTCAATAAAAAGGACTGGTATGATTTTGTAGAAAACC

CAGATATATTACGCGTATACGCCAACTTAGGTGAACGTGTACGCCAAGCTTTGTTAAAAA

CAGTACAATTCTGTGATGCCATGCGAAATGCTGGTATTGTTGGTGTACTGACATTAGATA

ATCAAGATCTCAATGGTAACTGGTATGATTTCGGTGATTTCATACAAACCACGCCAGGTA

GTGGAGTTCCTGTTGTAGATTCTTATTATTCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACCTTGACCAG

GGCTTTAACTGCAGAGTCACATGTTGACACTGACTTAACAAAGCCTTACATTAAGTGGGA

TTTGTTAAAATATGACTTCACGGAAGAGAGGTTAAAACTCTTTGACCGTTATTTTAAATA

TTGGGATCAGACATACCACCCAAATTGTGTTAACTGTTTGGATGACAGATGCATTCTGCA

TTGTGCAAACTTTAATGTTTTATTCTCTACAGTGTTCCCACCTACAAGTTTTGGACCACTA

GTGAGAAAAATATTTGTTGATGGTGTTCCATTTGTAGTTTCAACTGGATACCACTTCAGA GAGCTAGGTGTTGTACATAATCAGGATGTAAACTTACATAGCTCTAGACTTAGTTTTAAG

GAATTACTTGTGTATGCTGCTGACCCTGCTATGCACGCTGCTTCTGGTAATCTATTACTAG

ATAAACGCACTACGTGCTTTTCAGTAGCTGCACTTACTAACAATGTTGCTTTTCAAACTGT

CAAACCCGGTAATTTTAACAAAGACTTCTATGACTTTGCTGTGTCTAAGGGTTTCTTTAAG

GAAGGAAGTTCTGTTGAATTAAAACACTTCTTCTTTGCTCAGGATGGTAATGCTGCTATC

AGCGATTATGACTACTATCGTTATAATCTACCAACAATGTGTGATATCAGACAACTACTA

TTTGTAGTTGAAGTTGTTGATAAGTACTTTGATTGTTACGATGGTGGCTGTATTAATGCTA

ACCAAGTCATCGTCAACAACCTAGACAAATCAGCTGGTTTTCCATTTAATAAATGGGGTA

AGGCTAGACTTTATTATGATTCAATGAGTTATGAGGATCAAGATGCACTTTTCGCATATA

CAAAACGTAATGTCATCCCTACTATAACTCAAATGAATCTTAAGTATGCCATTAGTGCAA

AGAATAGAGCTCGCACCGTAGCTGGTGTCTCTATCTGTAGTACTATGACCAATAGACAGT

TTCATCAAAAATTATTGAAATCAATAGCCGCCACTAGAGGAGCTACTGTAGTAATTGGAA

CAAGCAAATTCTATGGTGGTTGGCACAACATGTTAAAAACTGTTTATAGTGATGTAGAAA

ACCCTCACCTTATGGGTTGGGATTATCCTAAATGTGATAGAGCCATGCCTAACATGCTTA

GAATTATGGCCTCACTTGTTCTTGCTCGCAAACATACAACGTGTTGTAGCTTGTCACACC

GTTTCTATAGATTAGCTAATGAGTGTGCTCAAGTATTGAGTGAAATGGTCATGTGTGGCG

GTTCACTATATGTTAAACCAGGTGGAACCTCATCAGGAGATGCCACAACTGCTTATGCTA

TTTTGCTCTCAACATACAATGCTAGTTAAACAGGGTGATGATTATGTGTACCTTCCTTACC

CAGATCCATCAAGAATCCTAGGGGCCGGCTGTTTTGTAGATGATATCGTAAAAACAGAT

GGTACACTTATGATTGAACGGTTCGTGTCTTTAGCTATAGATGCTTACCCACTTACTAAAC

ATCCTAATCAGGAGTATGCTGATGTCTTTCATTTGTACTTACAATACATAAGAAAGCTAC

ATGATGAGTTAACAGGACACATGTTAGACATGTATTCTGTTATGCTTACTAATGATAACA

CTTCAAGGTATTGGGAACCTGAGTTTTATGAGGCTATGTACACACCGCATACAGTCTTAC

AGGCTGTTGGGGCTTGTGTTCTTTGCAATTCACAGACTTCATTAAGATGTGGTGCTTGCAT

ACGTAGACCATTCTTATGTTGTAAATGCTGTTACGACCATGTCATATCAACATCACATAA

ATTAGTCTTGTCTGTTAATCCGTATGTTTGCAATGCTCCAGGTTGTGATGTCACAGATGTG

ACTCAACTTTACTTAGGAGGTATGAGCTATTATTGTAAATCACATAAACCACCCATTAGT

CTGAGGAGACATTTAAACTGTCTTATGGTATTGCTACTGTACGTGAAGTGCTGTCTGACA

GAGAATTACATCTTTCATGGGAAGTTGGTAAACCTAGACCACCACTTAACCGAAATTATG

TCTTTACTGGTTATCGTGTAACTAAAAACAGTAAAGTACAAATAGGAGAGTACACCTTTG

AAAAAGGTGACTATGGTGATGCTGTTGTTTACCGAGGTACAACAACTTACAAATTAAATG

TTGGTGATTATTTTGTGCTGACATCACATACAGTAATGCCATTAAGTGCACCTACACTAG

TGCCACAAGAGCACTATGTTAGAATTACTGGCTTATACCCAACACTCAATATCTCAGATG

AGTTTTCTAGCAATGTTGCAAATTATCAAAAGGTTGGTATGCAAAAGTATTCTACACTCC

AGGGACCACCTGGTACTGGTAAGAGTCATTTTGCTATTGGCCTAGCTCTCTACTACCCTTC

TGCTCGCATAGTGTATACAGCTTGCTCTCATGCCGCTGTTGATGCACTATGTGAGAAGGC

ATTAAAATATTTGCCTATAGATAAATGTAGTAGAATTATACCTGCACGTGCTCGTGTAGA

GTGTTTTGATAAATTCAAAGTGAATTCAACATTAGAACAGTATGTCTTTTGTACTGTAAA

TGCATTGCCTGAaACGACAGCAGATATAGTTGTCTTTGATGAAATTTCAATGGCCACAAA

TTATGATTTGAGTGTTGTCAATGCCAGATTACGTGCTAAGCACTATGTGTACATTGGCGA

CCCTGCTCAATTACCTGCACCACGCACATTGCTAACTAAGGGCACACTAGAACCAGAATA

TTTCAATTCAGTGTGTAGACTTATGAAAACTATAGGTCCAGACATGTTCCTCGGAACTTG

TCGGCGTTGTCCTGCTGAAATTGTTGACACTGTGAGTGCTTTGGTTTATGATAATAAGCTT

AAAGCACATAAAGACAAATCAGCTCAATGCTTTAAAATGTTTTATAAGGGTGTTATCACG

CATGATGTTTCATCTGCAATTAACAGGCCACAAATAGGCGTGGTAAGAGAATTCCTTACA

CGTAACCCTGCTTGGAGAAAAGCTGTCTTTATTTCACCTTATAATTCACAGAATGCTGTA

GCCTCAAAGATTTTGGGACTACCAACTCAAACTGTTGATTCATCACAGGGCTCAGAATAT

GACTATGTCATATTCACTCAAACCACTGAAACAGCTCACTCTTGTAATGTAAACAGATTT

AATGTTGCTATTACCAGAGCAAAAGTAGGCATACTTTGCATAATGTCTGATAGgGACCTT

TATGACAAGTTGCAATTTACAAGTCTTGAAATTCCACGTAGGAATGTGGCAACTTTACAA

GCTGAAAATGTAACAGGACTCTTTAAAGATTGTAGTAAGGTAATCACTGGGTTACATCCT

ACACAGGCACCTACACACCTCAGTGTTGACACTAAATTCAAAACTGAAGGTTTATGTGTT

GACATACCTGGCATACCTAAGGACATGACCTATAGAAGACTCATCTCTATGATGGGTTTT

AAAATGAATTATCAAGTTAATGGTTACCCTAACATGTTTATCACCCGCGAAGAAGCTATA

AGACATGTACGTGCATGGATTGGCTTCGATGTCGAGGGGTGTCATGCTACTAGAGAAGCT

CGCCTGGAGATCAATTTAAACACCTCATACCACTTATGTACAAAGGACTTCCTTGGAATG

TAGTGCGTATAAAGATTGTACAAATGTTAAGTGACACACTTAAAAATCTCTCTGACAGAG

TCGTATTTGTCTTATGGGCACATGGCTTTGAGTTGACATCTATGAAGTATTTTGTGAAAAT

AGGACCTGAGCGCACCTGTTGTCTATGTGATAGACGTGCCACATGCTTTTCCACTGCTTC

AGACACTTATGCCTGTTGGCATCATTCTATTGGATTTGATTACGTCTATAATCCGTTTATG

ATTGATGTTCAACAATGGGGTTTTACAGGTAACCTACAAAGCAACCATGATCTGTATTGT CAAGTCCATGGTAATGCACATGTAGCTAGTTGTGATGCAATCATGACTAGGTGTCTAGCT

GTCCACGAGTGCTTTGTTAAGCGTGTTGACTGGACTATTGAATATCCTATAATTGGTGAT

GAACTGAAGATTAATGCGGCTTGTAGAAAGGTTCAACACATGGTTGTTAAAGCTGCATTA

TTAGCAGACAAATTCCCAGTTCTTCACGACATTGGTAACCCTAAAGCTATTAAGTGTGTA

CCTCAAGCTGATGTAGAATGGAAGTTCTATGATGCACAGCCTTGTAGTGACAAAGCTTAT

AAAATAGAAGAATTATTCTATTCTTATGCCACACATTCTGACAAATTCACAGATGGTGTA

TGCCTATTTTGGAATTGCAATGTCGATAGATATCCTGCTAATTCCATTGTTTGTAGATTTG

ACACTAGAGTGCTATCTAACCTTAACTTGCCTGGTTGTGATGGTGGCAGTTTGTATGTAA

ATAAACATGCATTCCACACACCAGCTTTTGATAAAAGTGCTTTTGTTAATTTAAAACAAT

ATATAGATTATGTACCACTAAAGTCTGCTACGTGTATAACACGTTGCAATTTAGGTGGTG

CTGTCTGTAGACATCATGCTAATGAGTACAGATTGTATCTCGATGCTTATAACATGATGA

TCTCAGCTGGCTTTAGCTTGTGGGTTTACAAACAATTTGATACTTATAACCTCTGGAACAC

TTTTACAAGACTTCAGAGTTTAGAAAATGTGGCTTTTAATGTTGTAAATAAGGGACACTT

TGATGGACAACAGGGTGAAGTACCAGTTTCTATCATTAATAACACTGTTTACACAAAAGT

TGATGGTGTTGATGTAGAATTGTTTGAAAATAAAACAACATTACCTGTTAATGTAGCATT

TGAGCTTTGGGCTAAGCGCAACATTAAACCAGTACCAGAGGTGAAAATACTCAATAATT

TGGGTGTGGACATTGCTGCTAATACTGTGATCTGGGACTACAAAAGAGATGCTCCAGCAC

ATATATCTACTATTGGTGTTTGTTCTATGACTGACATAGCCAAGAAACCAACTGAAACGA

AAATGCCCGTAATGGTGTTCTTATTACAGAAGGTAGTGTTAAAGGTTTACAACCATCTGT

AGGTCCCAAACAAGCTAGTCTTAATGGAGTCACATTAATTGGAGAAGCCGTAAAAACAC

AGTTCAATTATTATAAGAAAGTTGATGGTGTTGTCCAACAATTACCTGAAACTTACTTTA

CTCAGAGTAGAAATTTACAAGAATTTAAACCCAGGAGTCAAATGGAAATTGATTTCTTAG

AATTAGCTATGGATGAATTCATTGAACGGTATAAATTAGAAGGCTATGCCTTCGAACATA

TCGTTTATGGAGATTTTAGTCATAGTCAGTTAGGTGGTTTACATCTACTGATTGGACTAGC

TAAACGTTTTAAGGAATCACCTTTTGAATTAGAAGATTTTATTCCTATGGACAGTACAGT

TAAAAACTATTTCATAACAGATGCGCAAACAGGTTCATCTAAGTGTGTGTGTTCTGTTAT

TGATTTATTACTTGATGATTTTGTTGAAATAATAAAATCCCAAGATTTATCTGTAGTTTCT

AAGGTTGTCAAAGTGACTATTGACTATACAGAAATTTCATTTATGCTTTGGTGTAAAGAT

GGCCATGTAGAAACATTTTACCCAAAATTACAATCTAGTCAAGCGTGGCAACCGGGTGTT

GCTATGCCTAATCTTTACAAAATGCAAAGAATGCTATTAGAAAAGTGTGACCTTCAAAAT

TATGGTGATAGTGCAACATTACCTAAAGGCATAATGATGAATGTCGCAAAATATACTCA

ACTGTGTCAATATTTAAACACATTAACATTAGCTGTACCCTATAATATGAGAGTTATACA

TTTTGGTGCTGGTTCTGATAAAGGAGTTGCACCAGGTACAGCTGTTTTAAGACAGTGGTT

GCCTACGGGTACGCTGCTTGTCGATTCAGATCTTAATGACTTTGTCTCTGATGCAGATTCA ACTTTGATTGGTGATTGTGCAACTGTACATACAGCTAATAAATGGGATCTCATTATTAGT

GATATGTACGACCCTAAGACTAAAAATGTTACAAAAGAAAATGACTCTAAAGAGGGTTT

TTTCACTTACATTTGTGGGTTTATACAACAAAAGCTAGCTCTTGGAGGTTCCGTGGCTATA

AAGATAACAGAACATTCTTGGAATGCTGATCTTTATAAGCTCATGGGACACTTCGCATGG

GGAACAGGAAGAGAATCAGCAACTGTGTTGCTGATTATTCTGTCCTATATAATTCCGCAT

CATTTTCCACTTTTAAGTGTTATGGAGTGTCTCCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTAC

TAATGTCTATGCAGATTCATTTGTAATTAGAGGTGATGAAGTCAGACAAATCGCTCCAGG

GCAAACTGGAAAGATTGCTGATTATAATTATAAATTACCAGATGATTTTACAGGCTGCGT

TATAGCTTGGAATTCTAACAATCTTGATTCTAAGGTTGGTGGTAATTATAATTACCTGTAT

AGATTGTTTAGGAAGTCTAATCTCAAACCTTTTGAGAGAGATATTTCAACTGAAATCTAT

CAGGCCGGTAGCACACCTTGTAATGGTGTTGAAGGTTTTAATTGTTACTTTCCTTTACAAT

CATATGGTTTCCAACCCACTAATGGTGTTGGTTACCAACCATACAGAGTAGTAGTACTTT

CTTTTGAACTTCTACATGCACCAGCAACTGTTTGTGGACCTAAAAAGTCTACTAATTTGGT TAAAAACAAATGTGTCAATTTCAACTTCAATGGTTTAACAGGCACAGGTGTTCTTACTGA

GTCTAACAAAAAGTTTCTGCCTTTCCAACAATTTGGCAGAGACATTGCTGACACTACTGA

TGCTGTCCGTGATCCACAGACACTTGAGATTCTTGACATTACACCATGTTCTTTTGGTGGT

GTCAGTGTTATAACACCAGGAACAAATACTTCTAACCAGGTTGCTGTTCTTTATCAGGAT

GTTAACTGCACAGAAGTCCCTGTTGCTATTCATGCAGATCAACTTACTCCTACTTGGCGT

AGGTCATTTATTGAAGATCTACTTTTCAACAAAGTGACACTTGCAGATGCTGGCTTCATC

AAACAATATGGTGATTGCCTTGGTGATATTGCTGCTAGAGAtCTCATTTGTGCACAAAAGT

TTAACGGCCTTACTGTTTTGCCACCTTTGCTCACAGATGAAATGATTGCTCAATACACTTC

TGCACTGTTAGCGGGTACAATCACTTCTGGTTGGACCTTTGGTGCAGGTGCTGCATTACA

AATACCATTTGCTATGCAAATGGCTTATAGGTTTAATGGTATTGGAGTTACACAGAATGT

TCTCTATGAGAACCAAAAATTGATTGCCAACCAATTTAATAGTGCTATTGGCAAAATTCA

AGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAGCAAGTGCACTTGGAAAACTTCAAGATGTGGTCAACCAAAA

TGCACAAGCTTTAAACACGCTTGTTAAACAACTTAGCTCCAATTTTGGTGCAATTTCAAG

TGTTTTAAATGATATCCTTTCACGTCTTGACAAAGTTGAGGCTGAAGTGCAAATTGATAG

GTTGATCACAGGCAGACTTCAAAGTTTGCAGACATATGTGACTCAACAATTAATTAGAGC

TGCAGAAATCAGAGCTTCTGCTAATCTTGCTGCTACTAAAATGTCAGAGTGTGTACTTGG

TACTACAGACAACACATTTGTGTCTGGTAACTGTGATGTTGTAATAGGAATTGTCAACAA

CACAGTTTATGATCCTTTGCAACCTGAATTAGACTCATTCAAGGAGGAGTTAGATAAATA

TTTTAAGAATCATACATCACCAGATGTTGATTTAGGTGACATCTCTGGCATTAATGCTTCA

GTTGTAAACATTCAAAAAGAAATTGACCGCCTCAATGAGGTTGCCAAGAATTTAAATGA

ATCTCTCATCGATCTCCAAGAACTTGGAAAGTATGAGCAGTATATAAAATGGCCATGGTA

CATTTGGCTAGGTTTTATAGCTGGCTTGATTGCCATAGTAATGGTGACAATTATGCTTTGC

TGTATGACCAGTTGCTGTAGTTGTCTCAAGGGCTGTTGTTCTTGTGGATCCTGCTGCAAAT TTGATGAAGACGACTCTGAGCCAGTGCTCAAAGGAGTCAAATTACATTACACATAAACG

AACTTATGGATTTGTTTATGAGAATCTTCACAATTGGAACTGTAACTTTGAAGCAAGGTG

AAATCAAGGATGCTACTCCTTCAGATTTTGTTCGCGCTACTGCAACGATACCGATACAAG

TTCCAAAATCATAACCCTCAAAAAGAGATGGCAACTAGCACTCTCCAAGGGTGTTCACTT

TGTTTGCAACTTGCTGTTGTTGTTTGTAACAGTTTACTCACACCTTTTGCTCGTTGCTGCTG

GCCTTGAAGCCCCTTTTCTCTATCTTTATGCTTTAGTCTACTTCTTGCAGAGTATAAACTTT

GTAAGAATAATAATGAGGCTTTGGCTTTGCTGGAAATGCCGTTCCAAAAACCCATTACTT

TATGATGCCAACTATTTTCTTTGCTGGCATACTAATTGTTACGACTATTGTATACCTTACA

ATAGTGTAACTTCTTCAATTGTCATTACTTCAGGTGATGGCACAACAAGTCCTATTTCTGA

ACATGACTACCAGATTGGTGGTTATACTGAAAAATGGGAATCTGGAGTAAAAGACTGTG

TTGTATTACACAGTTACTTCACTTCAGACTATTACCAGCTGTACTCAACTCAATTGAGTAC

AGACACTGGTGTTGAACATGTTACCTTCTTCATCTACAATAAAATTGTTGATGAGCCTGA

AGAACATGTCCAAATTCACACAATCGACGGTTCATCCGGAGTTGTTAATCCAGTAATGGA

ACCAATTTATGATGAACCGACGACGACTACTAGCGTGCCTTTGTAAGCACAAGCTGATGA

GTACGAACTTATGTACTCATTCGTTTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT

TATATAATTAAGTTAATTTTCCTCTGGCTGTTATGGCCAGTAACTTTAGCTTGTTTTGTGC

TTGCTGCTGTTTACAGAATAAATTGGATCACCGGTGGAATTGCTATCGCAATGGCTTGTC

TTGTAGGCTTGATGTGGCTCAGCTACTTCATTGCTTCTTTCAGACTGTTTGCGCGTACGCG

TTCCATGTGGTCATTCAATCCAGAAACTAACATTCTTCTCAACGTGCCACTCCATGGCACT

ATTCTGACCAGACCGCTTCTAGAAAGTGAACTCGTAATCGGAGCTGTGATCCTTCGTGGA

CATCTTCGTATTGCTGGACACCATCTAGGACGCTGTGACATCAAGGACCTGCCTAAAGAA

ATCACTGTTGCTACATCACGAACGCTTTCTTATTACAAATTGGGAGCTTCGCAGCGTGTA

GCAGGTGACTCAGGTTTTGCTGCATACAGTCGCTACAGGATTGGCAACTATAAATTAAAC

ACAGACCATTCCAGTAGCAGTGACAATATTGCTTTGCTTGTACAGTAAGTGACAACAGAT

GTTTCATCTCGTTGACTTTCAGGTTACTATAGCAGAGATATTACTAATTATTATGAGGACT

TTTAAAGTTTCCATTTGGAATCTTGATTACATCATAAACCTCATAATTAAAAATTTATCTA

AGTCACTAACTGAGAATAAATATTCTCAATTAGATGAAGAGCAACCAATGGAGATTGAT

TAAACGAACATGAAAATTATTCTTTTCTTGGCACTGATAACACTCGCTACTTGTGAGCTTT

ATCACTACCAAGAGTGTGTTAGAGGTACAACAGTACTTTTAAAAGAACCTTGCTCTTCTG GAACATACGAGGGCAATTCACCATTTCATCCTCTAGCTGATAACAAATTTGCACTGACTT

GCTTTAGCACTCAATTTGCTTTTGCTTGTCCTGACGGCGTAAAACACGTCTATCAGTTACG

TGCCAGATCAGTTTCACCTAAACTGTTCATCAGACAAGAGGAAGTTCAAGAACTTTACTC

ATTCCTTGTTTTAATTATGCTTATTATCTTTTGGTTCTCACTTGAACTGCAAGATCATAATG

AAACTTGTCACGCCTAAACGAACATGAAATTTCTTGTTTTCTTAGGAATCATCACAACTG

TAGCTGCATTTCACCAAGAATGTAGTTTACAGTCATGTACTCAACATCAACCATATGTAG

TTGATGACCCGTGTCCTATTCACTTCTATTCTAAATGGTATATTAGAGTAGGAGCTAGAA

AATCAGCACCTTTAATTGAATTGTGCGTGGATGAGGCTGGTTCTAAATCACCCATTCAGT

ACATCGATATCGGTAATTATACAGTTTCCTGTTTACCTTTTACAATTAATTGCCAGGAACC

GTTCGTGTTGTTTTAGATTTCATCTAAACGAACAAACTAAAATGTCTGATAATGGACCCC

AAAATCAGCGAAATGCACCCCGCATTACGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGATTCAACTGGCAGTA

ACCAGAATGGAGAACGCAGTGGGGCGCGATCAAAACAACGTCGGCCCCAAGGTTTACCC

AATAATACTGCGTCTTGGTTCACCGCTCTCACTCAACATGGCAAGGAAGACCTTAAATTC

CCTCGAGGACAAGGCGTTCCAATTAACACCAATAGCAGTCCAGATGACCAAATTGGCTA

CTACCGAAGAGCTACCAGACGAATTCGTGGTGGTGACGGTAAAATGAAAGATCTCAGTC

CAAGATGGTATTTCTACTACCTAGGAACTGGGCCAGAAGCTGGACTTCCCTATGGTGCTA

ACAAAGACGGCATCATATGGGTTGCAACTGAGGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAAGATCAC

ATTGGCACCCGCAATCCTGCTAACAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTACAACTTCCTCAAGGAACA

ACATTGCCAAAAGGCTTCTACGCAGAAGGGAGCAGAGGCGGCAGTCAAGCCTCTTCTCG

TTCCTCATCACGTAGTCGCAACAGTTCAAGAAATTCAACTCCAGGCAGCAGTAGGGGAA

CTTCTCCTGCTAGAATGGCTGGCAATGGCGGTGATGCTGCTCTTGCTTTGCTGCTGCTTGA

CAGATTGAACCAGCTTGAGAGCAAAATGTCTGGTAAAGGCCAACAACAACAAGGCCAAA

CTGTCACTAAGAAATCTGCTGCTGAGGCTTCTAAGAAGCCTCGGCAAAAACGTACTGCCA

CTAAAGCATACAATGTAACACAAGCTTTCGGCAGACGTGGTCCAGAACAAACCCAAGGA

AATTTTGGGGACCAGGAACTAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAAT

TGCACAATTTGCCCCCAGCGCTTCAGCGTTCTTCGGAATGTCGCGCATTGGCATGGAAGT

CACACCTTCGGGAACGTGGTTGACCTACACAGGTGCCATCAAATTGGATGACAAAGATC

CAAATTTCAAAGATCAAGTCATTTTGCTGAATAAGCATATTGACGCATACAAAACATTCC

CACCAACAGAGCCTAAAAAGGACAAAAAGAAGAAGGCTGATGAAACTCAAGCCTTACC

GCAGAGACAGAAGAAACAGCAAACTGTGACTCTTCTTCCTGCTGCAGATTTGGATGATTT

CTCCAAACAATTGCAACAATCCATGAGCAGTGCTGACTCAACTCAGGCCTAAACTCATGC

AGACCACACAAGGCAGATGGGCTATATAAACGTTTTCGCTTTTCCGTTTACGATATATAG

TCTACTCTTGTGCAGAATGAATTCTCGTAACTACATAGCACAAGTAGATGTAGTTAACTT TAATCTCACATAGCAATCTTTAATCAGTGTGTAACATTAGGGAGGACTTGAAAGAGCCAC CACATTTTCACCGAGGCCACGCGGAGTACGATCGAGTGTACAGTGAACAATGCTAGGGA GAGCTGCCTATATGGAAGAGCCCTAATGTGTAAAATTAATTTTAGTAGTGCTATCCCCAT GTGATTTTAATAGCTTCTTAGGAGAATGACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA [00239] SEQ ID NO:3 - Deoptimized SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Wuhan-CoV lOlK) (deoptimized in reference to BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019). regions deoptimized: 11294- 12709, 14641-15903 (nspl2 (e.g., RNA-dependent RNA polymerase “RdRP”) domain), 21656-22306 (Spike beginning), 22505-23905 (Spike middle), 24110-25381 (Spike end).

[00240] ATTAAAGGTTTATACCTTCCCAGGTAACAAACCAACCAACTTTCGATCTCTTG

TAGATCTGTTCTCTAAACGAACTTTAAAATCTGTGTGGCTGTCACTCGGCTGCATGCTTAG

TGCACTCACGCAGTATAATTAATAACTAATTACTGTCGTTGACAGGACACGAGTAACTCG

TCTATCTTCTGCAGGCTGCTTACGGTTTCGTCCGTGTTGCAGCCGATCATCAGCACATCTA

GGTTTCGTCCGGGTGTGACCGAAAGGTAAGATGGAGAGCCTTGTCCCTGGTTTCAACGAG

AAAACACACGTCCAACTCAGTTTGCCTGTTTTACAGGTTCGCGACGTGCTCGTACGTGGC

TTTGGAGACTCCGTGGAGGAGGTCTTATCAGAGGCACGTCAACATCTTAAAGATGGCACT

TGTGGCTTAGTAGAAGTTGAAAAAGGCGTTTTGCCTCAACTTGAACAGCCCTATGTGTTC

ATCAAACGTTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGGTTGAGCTGGTAGCA

GAACTCGAAGGCATTCAGTACGGTCGTAGTGGTGAGACACTTGGTGTCCTTGTCCCTCAT

GTGGGCGAAATACCAGTGGCTTACCGCAAGGTTCTTCTTCGTAAGAACGGTAATAAAGG

AGCTGGTGGCCATAGTTACGGCGCCGATCTAAAGTCATTTGACTTAGGCGACGAGCTTGG

CACTGATCCTTATGAAGATTTTCAAGAAAACTGGAACACTAAACATAGCAGTGGTGTTAC

CCGTGAACTCATGCGTGAGCTTAACGGAGGGGCATACACTCGCTATGTCGATAACAACTT

CTGTGGCCCTGATGGCTACCCTCTTGAGTGCATTAAAGACCTTCTAGCACGTGCTGGTAA

AGCTTCATGCACTTTGTCCGAACAACTGGACTTTATTGACACTAAGAGGGGTGTATACTG

CTGCCGTGAACATGAGCATGAAATTGCTTGGTACACGGAACGTTCTGAAAAGAGCTATG

AATTGCAGACACCTTTTGAAATTAAATTGGCAAAGAAATTTGACACCTTCAATGGGGAAT

GTCCAAATTTTGTATTTCCCTTAAATTCCATAATCAAGACTATTCAACCAAGGGTTGAAA

AGAAAAAGCTTGATGGCTTTATGGGTAGAATTCGATCTGTCTATCCAGTTGCGTCACCAA

ATGAATGCAACCAAATGTGCCTTTCAACTCTCATGAAGTGTGATCATTGTGGTGAAACTT

CATGGCAGACGGGCGATTTTGTTAAAGCCACTTGCGAATTTTGTGGCACTGAGAATTTGA

CTAAAGAAGGTGCCACTACTTGTGGTTACTTACCCCAAAATGCTGTTGTTAAAATTTATT

GTCCAGCATGTCACAATTCAGAAGTAGGACCTGAGCATAGTCTTGCCGAATACCATAATG

AATCTGGCTTGAAAACCATTCTTCGTAAGGGTGGTCGCACTATTGCCTTTGGAGGCTGTG

TGTTCTCTTATGTTGGTTGCCATAACAAGTGTGCCTATTGGGTTCCACGTGCTAGCGCTAA

CATAGGTTGTAACCATACAGGTGTTGTTGGAGAAGGTTCCGAAGGTCTTAATGACAACCT

TCTTGAAATACTCCAAAAAGAGAAAGTCAACATCAATATTGTTGGTGACTTTAAACTTAA GTGAAAGGTTTGGATTATAAAGCATTCAAACAAATTGTTGAATCCTGTGGTAATTTTAAA

GTTACAAAAGGAAAAGCTAAAAAAGGTGCCTGGAATATTGGTGAACAGAAATCAATACT

GAGTCCTCTTTATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCTGCTCGTGTTGTACGATCAATTTTCTCCCGC

ACTCTTGAAACTGCTCAAAATTCTGTGCGTGTTTTACAGAAGGCCGCTATAACAATACTA

GATGGAATTTCACAGTATTCACTGAGACTCATTGATGCTATGATGTTCACATCTGATTTG

GCTACTAACAATCTAGTTGTAATGGCCTACATTACAGGTGGTGTTGTTCAGTTGACTTCG

CAGTGGCTAACTAACATCTTTGGCACTGTTTATGAAAAACTCAAACCCGTCCTTGATTGG

CTTGAAGAGAAGTTTAAGGAAGGTGTAGAGTTTCTTAGAGATGGTTGGGAAATTGTTAA

ATTTATCTCAACCTGTGCTTGTGAAATTGTCGGTGGACAAATTGTCACCTGTGCAAAGGA

GACTCTATCATTATTGGTGGAGCTAAACTTAAAGCCTTGAATTTAGGTGAAACATTTGTC

ACGCACTCAAAGGGATTGTACAGAAAGTGTGTTAAATCCAGAGAAGAAACTGGCCTACT

CATGCCTCTAAAAGCCCCAAAAGAAATTATCTTCTTAGAGGGAGAAACACTTCCCACAG

AAGTGTTAACAGAGGAAGTTGTCTTGAAAACTGGTGATTTACAACCATTAGAACAACCT

ACTAGTGAAGCTGTTGAAGCTCCATTGGTTGGTACACCAGTTTGTATTAACGGGCTTATG

TTGCTCGAAATCAAAGACACAGAAAAGTACTGTGCCCTTGCACCTAATATGATGGTAAC

AAACAATACCTTCACACTCAAAGGCGGTGCACCAACAAAGGTTACTTTTGGTGATGACA

CTGTGATAGAAGTGCAAGGTTACAAGAGTGTGAATATCACTTTTGAACTTGATGAAAGG

ATTGATAAAGTACTTAATGAGAAGTGCTCTGCCTATACAGTTGAACTCGGTACAGAAGTA

AATGAGTTCGCCTGTGTTGTGGCAGATGCTGTCATAAAAACTTTGCAACCAGTATCTGAA

TTACTTACACCACTGGGCATTGATTTAGATGAGTGGAGTATGGCTACATACTACTTATTT

GATGAGTCTGGTGAGTTTAAATTGGCTTCACATATGTATTGTTCTTTCTACCCTCCAGATG

AGGATGAAGAAGAAGGTGATTGTGAAGAAGAAGAGTTTGAGCCATCAACTCAATATGAG

TATGGTACTGAAGATGATTACCAAGGTAAACCTTTGGAATTTGGTGCCACTTCTGCTGCT

CTTCAACCTGAAGAAGAGCAAGAAGAAGATTGGTTAGATGATGATAGTCAACAAACTGT

TGGTCAACAAGACGGCAGTGAGGACAATCAGACAACTACTATTCAAACAATTGTTGAGG

TTCAACCTCAATTAGAGATGGAACTTACACCAGTTGTTCAGACTATTGAAGTGAATAGTT

TTAGTGGTTATTTAAAACTTACTGACAATGTATACATTAAAAATGCAGACATTGTGGAAG

AAGCTAAAAAGGTAAAACCAACAGTGGTTGTTAATGCAGCCAATGTTTACCTTAAACAT

GGAGGAGGTGTTGCAGGAGCCTTAAATAAGGCTACTAACAATGCCATGCAAGTTGAATC

TGATGATTACATAGCTACTAATGGACCACTTAAAGTGGGTGGTAGTTGTGTTTTAAGCGG

ACACAATCTTGCTAAACACTGTCTTCATGTTGTCGGCCCAAATGTTAACAAAGGTGAAGA

CATTCAACTTCTTAAGAGTGCTTATGAAAATTTTAATCAGCACGAAGTTCTACTTGCACC

ACTGTTCGCACAAATGTCTACTTAGCTGTCTTTGATAAAAATCTCTATGACAAACTTGTTT AAAGAGGAAGTTAAGCCATTTATAACTGAAAGTAAACCTTCAGTTGAACAGAGAAAACA

AGATGATAAGAAAATCAAAGCTTGTGTTGAAGAAGTTACAACAACTCTGGAAGAAACTA

AGTTCCTCACAGAAAACTTGTTACTTTATATTGACATTAATGGCAATCTTCATCCAGATTC

TGCCACTCTTGTTAGTGACATTGACATCACTTTCTTAAAGAAAGATGCTCCATATATAGT

GGGTGATGTTGTTCAAGAGGGTGTTTTAACTGCTGTGGTTATACCTACTAAAAAGGCTGG

TGGCACTACTGAAATGCTAGCGAAAGCTTTGAGAAAAGTGCCAACAGACAATTATATAA

CCACTTACCCGGGTCAGGGTTTAAATGGTTACACTGTAGAGGAGGCAAAGACAGTGCTT

AAAAAGTGTAAAAGTGCCTTTTACATTCTACCATCTATTATCTCTAATGAGAAGCAAGAA

ATTCTTGGAACTGTTTCTTGGAATTTGCGAGAAATGCTTGCACATGCAGAAGAAACACGC

AAATTAATGCCTGTCTGTGTGGAAACTAAAGCCATAGTTTCAACTATACAGCGTAAATAT

AAGGGTATTAAAATACAAGAGGGTGTGGTTGATTATGGTGCTAGATTTTACTTTTACACC

AGTAAAACAACTGTAGCGTCACTTATCAACACACTTAACGATCTAAATGAAACTCTTGTT

ACAATGCCACTTGGCTATGTAACACATGGCTTAAATTTGGAAGAAGCTGCTCGGTATATG

AGATCTCTCAAAGTGCCAGCTACAGTTTCTGTTTCTTCACCTGATGCTGTTACAGCGTATA

ATGGTTATCTTACTTCTTCTTCTAAAACACCTGAAGAACATTTTATTGAAACCATCTCACT

TGCTGGTTCCTATAAAGATTGGTCCTATTCTGGACAATCTACACAACTAGGTATAGAATT

TCTTAAGAGAGGTGATAAAAGTGTATATTACACTAGTAATCCTACCACATTCCACCTAGA

TGGTGAAGTTATCACCTTTGACAATCTTAAGACACTTCTTTCTTTGAGAGAAGTGAGGAC

TATTAAGGTGTTTACAACAGTAGACAACATTAACCTCCACACGCAAGTTGTGGACATGTC

AATGACATATGGACAACAGTTTGGTCCAACTTATTTGGATGGAGCTGATGTTACTAAAAT

AAAACCTCATAATTCACATGAAGGTAAAACATTTTATGTTTTACCTAATGATGACACTCT

ACGTGTTGAGGCTTTTGAGTACTACCACACAACTGATCCTAGTTTTCTGGGTAGGTACAT

GTCAGCATTAAATCACACTAAAAAGTGGAAATACCCACAAGTTAATGGTTTAACTTCTAT

TAAATGGGCAGATAACAACTGTTATCTTGCCACTGCATTGTTAACACTCCAACAAATAGA

GTTGAAGTTTAATCCACCTGCTCTACAAGATGCTTATTACAGAGCAAGGGCTGGTGAAGC

TGCTAACTTTTGTGCACTTATCTTAGCCTACTGTAATAAGACAGTAGGTGAGTTAGGTGA

TGTTAGAGAAACAATGAGTTACTTGTTTCAACATGCCAATTTAGATTCTTGCAAAAGAGT

CTTGAACGTGGTGTGTAAAACTTGTGGACAACAGCAGACAACCCTTAAGGGTGTAGAAG

CTGTTATGTACATGGGCACACTTTCTTATGAACAATTTAAGAAAGGTGTTCAGATACCTT

GTACGTGTGGTAAACAAGCTACAAAATATCTAGTACAACAGGAGTCACCTTTTGTTATGA

TGTCAGCACCACCTGCTCAGTATGAACTTAAGCATGGTACATTTACTTGTGCTAGTGAGT

ACACTGGTAATTACCAGTGTGGTCACTATAAACATATAACTTCTAAAGAAACTTTGTATT

GCATAGACGGTGCTTTACTTACAAAGTCCTCAGAATACAAAGGTCCTATTACGGATGTTT

TCTACAAAGAAAACAGTTACACAACAACCATAAAACCAGTTACTTATAAATTGGATGGT

GTTGTTTGTACAGAAATTGACCCTAAGTTGGACAATTATTATAAGAAAGACAATTCTTAT TTCACAGAGCAACCAATTGATCTTGTACCAAACCAACCATATCCAAACGCAAGCTTCGAT

AATTTTAAGTTTGTATGTGATAATATCAAATTTGCTGATGATTTAAACCAGTTAACTGGTT

TGGTGGCTATTGATTATAAACACTACACACCCTCTTTTAAGAAAGGAGCTAAATTGTTAC

ATAAACCTATTGTTTGGCATGTTAACAATGCAACTAATAAAGCCACGTATAAACCAAATA

CCTGGTGTATACGTTGTCTTTGGAGCACAAAACCAGTTGAAACATCAAATTCGTTTGATG

TACTGAAGTCAGAGGACGCGCAGGGAATGGATAATCTTGCCTGCGAAGATCTAAAACCA

GTCTCTGAAGAAGTAGTGGAAAATCCTACCATACAGAAAGACGTTCTTGAGTGTAATGT

GAAAACTACCGAAGTTGTAGGAGACATTATACTTAAACCAGCAAATAATAGTTTAAAAA

TTACAGAAGAGGTTGGCCACACAGATCTAATGGCTGCTTATGTAGACAATTCTAGTCTTA

CTATTAAGAAACCTAATGAATTATCTAGAGTATTAGGTTTGAAAACCCTTGCTACTCATG

GTTTAGCTGCTGTTAATAGTGTCCCTTGGGATACTATAGCTAATTATGCTAAGCCTTTTCT

TAACAAAGTTGTTAGTACAACTACTAACATAGTTACACGGTGTTTAAACCGTGTTTGTAC

TAATTATATGCCTTATTTCTTTACTTTATTGCTACAATTGTGTACTTTTACTAGAAGTACA

AATTCTAGAATTAAAGCATCTATGCCGACTACTATAGCAAAGAATACTGTTAAGAGTGTC

AATCTTGTACAAATGGCCCCGATTTCAGCTATGGTTAGAATGTACATCTTCTTTGCATCAT

TTTATTATGTATGGAAAAGTTATGTGCATGTTGTAGACGGTTGTAATTCATCAACTTGTAT

GATGTGTTACAAACGTAATAGAGCAACAAGAGTCGAATGTACAACTATTGTTAATGGTG

TTAGAAGGTCCTTTTATGTCTATGCTAATGGAGGTAAAGGCTTTTGCAAACTACACAATT

GGAATTGTGTTAATTGTGATACATTCTGTGCTGGTAGTACATTTATTAGTGATGAAGTTGC

GAGAGACTTGTCACTACAGTTTAAAAGACCAATAAATCCTACTGACCAGTCTTCTTACAT

CGTTGATAGTGTTACAGTGAAGAATGGTTCCATCCATCTTTACTTTGATAAAGCTGGTCA

AAAGACTTATGAAAGACATTCTCTCTCTCATTTTGTTAACTTAGACAACCTGAGAGCTAA

AGAATCATCTGCAAAATCAGCGTCTGTTTACTACAGTCAGCTTATGTGTCAACCTATACT

GTTACTAGATCAGGCATTAGTGTCTGATGTTGGTGATAGTGCGGAAGTTGCAGTTAAAAT

GTTTGATGCTTACGTTAATACGTTTTCATCAACTTTTAACGTACCAATGGAAAAACTCAA

AACACTAGTTGCAACTGCAGAAGCTGAACTTGCAAAGAATGTGTCCTTAGACAATGTCTT ATCTACTTTTATTTCAGCAGCTCGGCAAGGGTTTGTTGATTCAGATGTAGAAACTAAAGA

TGTTGTTGAATGTCTTAAATTGTCACATCAATCTGACATAGAAGTTACTGGCGATAGTTG

TAATAACTATATGCTCACCTATAACAAAGTTGAAAACATGACACCCCGTGACCTTGGTGC

TTGTATTGACTGTAGTGCGCGTCATATTAATGCGCAGGTAGCAAAAAGTCACAACATTGC

TTTGATATGGAACGTTAAAGATTTCATGTCATTGTCTGAACAACTACGAAAACAAATACG

TAGTGCTGCTAAAAAGAATAACTTACCTTTTAAGTTGACATGTGCAACTACTAGACAAGT

TGTTAATGTTGTAACAACAAAGATAGCACTTAAGGGTGGTAAAATTGTTAATAATTGGTT

ATATTGTTATGATACCAATGTACTAGAAGGTTCTGTTGCTTATGAAAGTTTACGCCCTGA

CACACGTTATGTGCTCATGGATGGCTCTATTATTCAATTTCCTAACACCTACCTTGAAGGT

TCTGTTAGAGTGGTAACAACTTTTGATTCTGAGTACTGTAGGCACGGCACTTGTGAAAGA

TCAGAAGCTGGTGTTTGTGTATCTACTAGTGGTAGATGGGTACTTAACAATGATTATTAC

AGATCTTTACCAGGAGTTTTCTGTGGTGTAGATGCTGTAAATTTACTTACTAATATGTTTA

CACCACTAATTCAACCTATTGGTGCTTTGGACATATCAGCATCTATAGTAGCTGGTGGTA

TTGTAGCTATCGTAGTAACATGCCTTGCCTACTATTTTATGAGGTTTAGAAGAGCTTTTGG

TGAATACAGTCATGTAGTTGCCTTTAATACTTTACTATTCCTTATGTCATTCACTGTACTC

TGTTTAACACCAGTTTACTCATTCTTACCTGGTGTTTATTCTGTTATTTACTTGTACTTGAC

TAGTGATGTGCTATTACCTCTTACGCAATATAATAGATACTTAGCTCTTTATAATAAGTAC

AAGTATTTTAGTGGAGCAATGGATACAACTAGCTACAGAGAAGCTGCTTGTTGTCATCTC

GCAAAGGCTCTCAATGACTTCAGTAACTCAGGTTCTGATGTTCTTTACCAACCACCACAA

ACCTCTATCACCTCAGCTGTTTTGCAGAGTGGTTTTAGAAAAATGGCATTCCCATCTGGT

AAAGTTGAGGGTTGTATGGTACAAGTAACTTGTGGTACAACTACACTTAACGGTCTTTGG

CTTGATGACGTAGTTTACTGTCCAAGACATGTGATCTGCACCTCTGAAGACATGCTTAAC

CCTAATTATGAAGATTTACTCATTCGTAAGTCTAATCATAATTTCTTGGTACAGGCTGGTA

ATGTTCAACTCAGGGTTATTGGACATTCTATGCAAAATTGTGTACTTAAGCTTAAGGTTG ATACAGCCAATCCTAAGACACCTAAGTATAAGTTTGTTCGCATTCAACCAGGACAGACTT

TTTCAGTGTTAGCTTGTTACAATGGTTCACCATCTGGTGTTTACCAATGTGCTATGAGGCC

CAATTTCACTATTAAGGGTTCATTCCTTAATGGTTCATGTGGTAGTGTTGGTTTTAACATA

CTGGCACAGACTTAGAAGGTAACTTTTATGGACCTTTTGTTGACAGGCAAACAGCACAAG

CAGCTGGTACGGACACAACTATTACAGTTAATGTTTTAGCTTGGTTGTACGCTGCTGTTAT

AAATGGAGACAGGTGGTTTCTCAATCGATTTACCACAACTCTTAATGACTTTAACCTTGT

GGCTATGAAGTACAATTATGAACCTCTAACACAAGACCATGTTGACATACTAGGACCTCT

TTCTGCTCAAACTGGAATTGCCGTTTTAGATATGTGTGCTTCATTAAAAGAATTACTGCA

AAATGGTATGAATGGACGTACCATATTGGGTAGTGCTTTATTAGAAGATGAATTTACACC

TTTTGATGTTGTTAGACAATGCTCAGGTGTTACTTTCCAAAGTGCAGTGAAAAGAACAAT

CAAGGGTACACACCACTGGTTGTTACTCACAATTTTGACTTCACTTTTAGTTTTAGTCCAG

AATAGGTATTTTAGATTGACATTAGGCGTATACGATTATCTCGTTAGTACACAGGAATTT

AGATATATGAATTCACAGGGTCTATTGCCTCCTAAAAACTCAATCGACGCATTCAAACTT

AATATTAAGCTATTAGGCGTAGGTGGTAAGCCTTGTATTAAAGTCGCTACAGTGCAATCT

AAAATGTCTGACGTTAAGTGTACATCAGTCGTTCTGTTATCAGTGTTACAGCAATTGAGA

GTCGAATCTAGTTCTAAGTTATGGGCTCAATGCGTTCAATTGCACAACGATATACTGTTA

GCTAAGGATACTACTGAGGCATTCGAAAAAATGGTTAGTCTATTATCAGTATTGCTATCT

ATGCAGGGTGCAGTCGATATTAATAAGTTATGCGAAGAGATGCTCGATAATAGGGCTAC

ATTGCAGGCAATCGCTAGCGAATTTTCATCACTACCATCTTATGCCGCATTCGCAACTGC

TCAGGAAGCATACGAACAAGCCGTAGCTAACGGTGATTCAGAGGTTGTGCTTAAAAAAC

TTAAAAAATCACTTAACGTTGCTAAATCCGAATTCGATAGGGACGCCGCTATGCAACGTA

AACTCGAAAAAATGGCCGATCAGGCTATGACACAAATGTATAAACAGGCTAGATCCGAA

CTCGATAACGACGCACTTAATAATATTATTAATAACGCTAGGGACGGTTGTGTACCACTT

AACATTATACCACTTACTACTGCCGCTAAACTTATGGTCGTTATACCCGATTATAATACTT ATAAAAATACATGTGACGGTACTACTTTTACATACGCTAGTGCATTATGGGAGATACAAC

AGGTAGTCGATGCCGATTCTAAAATCGTTCAATTGTCAGAGATATCTATGGATAATTCAC

CTAATCTCGCATGGCCTCTTATCGTTACCGCACTTAGAGCTAATTCTGCCGTTAAGTTACA

GAATAACGAATTGTCACCCGTTGCCCTACGACAGATGTCTTGTGCTGCCGGTACTACACA

AACTGCTTGCACTGATGACAATGCGTTAGCTTACTACAACACAACAAAGGGAGGTAGGT

TTGTACTTGCACTGTTATCCGATTTACAGGATTTGAAATGGGCTAGATTCCCTAAGAGTG

ATGGAACTGGTACTATCTATACAGAACTGGAACCACCTTGTAGGTTTGTTACAGACACAC

CTAAAGGTCCTAAAGTGAAGTATTTATACTTTATTAAAGGATTAAACAACCTAAATAGAG

GTATGGTACTTGGTAGTTTAGCTGCCACAGTACGTCTACAAGCTGGTAATGCAACAGAAG

TGCCTGCCAATTCAACTGTATTATCTTTCTGTGCTTTTGCTGTAGATGCTGCTAAAGCTTA

CAAAGATTATCTAGCTAGTGGGGGACAACCAATCACTAATTGTGTTAAGATGTTGTGTAC

ACACACTGGTACTGGTCAGGCAATAACAGTTACACCGGAAGCCAATATGGATCAAGAAT

CCTTTGGTGGTGCATCGTGTTGTCTGTACTGCCGTTGCCACATAGATCATCCAAATCCTAA

AGGATTTTGTGACTTAAAAGGTAAGTATGTACAAATACCTACAACTTGTGCTAATGACCC

TGTGGGTTTTACACTTAAAAACACAGTCTGTACCGTCTGCGGTATGTGGAAAGGTTATGG

AAACGGGTTTGCGGTGTAAGTGCAGCCCGTCTTACACCGTGCGGCACAGGCACTAGTACT

GATGTCGTATACAGGGCTTTTGACATCTACAATGATAAAGTAGCTGGTTTTGCTAAATTC

CTAAAAACTAATTGTTGTCGCTTCCAAGAAAAGGACGAAGATGACAATTTAATTGATTCT

TACTTTGTAGTTAAGAGACACACTTTCTCTAACTACCAACATGAAGAAACAATTTATAAT

TTACTTAAGGATTGTCCAGCTGTTGCTAAACATGACTTCTTTAAGTTTAGAATAGACGGT

GACATGGTACCACATATATCACGTCAACGTCTTACTAAATACACAATGGCAGACCTCGTC

TATGCTTTAAGGCATTTTGATGAAGGTAATTGTGACACATTAAAAGAAATACTTGTCACA

TACAATTGTTGTGATGATGATTATTTCAATAAAAAGGACTGGTATGATTTTGTAGAAAAC

CCAGATATATTACGCGTATACGCCAACTTAGGTGAACGTGTACGCCAAGCTTTGTTAAAA

ACAGTACAATTCTGTGATGCCATGCGAAATGCTGGTATTGTTGGTGTACTGACATTAGAT

AATCAAGATCTCAATGGTAACTGGTATGATTTCGGTGATTTCATACAAACCACGCCAGGT

AGTGGAGTTCCTGTTGTAGATTCTTATTATTCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACCTTGACCA

GGGCTTTAACTGCAGAGTCACATGTTGACACTGACTTAACAAAGCCTTACATTAAGTGGG

ATTTGTTAAAATATGACTTCACGGAAGAGAGGTTAAAACTCTTTGACCGTTATTTTAAAT

ATTGGGATCAGACATACCACCCAAATTGTGTTAACTGTTTGGATGACAGATGCATTCTGC

ATTGTGCAAACTTTAATGTTTTATTCTCTACAGTGTTCCCACCTACAAGTTTTGGACCACT

AGTGAGAAAAATATTTGTTGATGGTGTTCCATTTGTAGTTTCAACTGGATACCACTTCAG

AGAGCTAGGTGTTGTACATAATCAGGATGTAAACTTACATAGCTCTAGACTTAGTTTTAA

GGAATTACTTGTGTATGCTGCTGACCCTGCTATGCACGCTGCTTCTGGTAATCTATTACTA

GATAAACGCACTACGTGCTTTTCAGTAGCTGCACTTACTAATAACGTCGCATTTCAAACC

TTAGCGATTACGATTATTATAGATATAATCTACCTACTATGTGTGATATTAGACAATTGTT

ATTCGTAGTCGAGGTAGTCGATAAGTATTTCGATTGTTATGACGGAGGTTGTATTAACGC

TAATCAGGTAATCGTTAATAACCTTGATAAGTCTGCCGGTTTTCCTTTTAATAAATGGGGT

AAGGCTAGATTGTATTATGATTCTATGTCATACGAAGACCAAGACGCTCTATTCGCATAT

ACTAAACGTAACGTTATACCTACAATTACGCAAATGAATCTTAAGTATGCTATTAGCGCT

AAAAATCGCGCTAGAACAGTCGCCGGAGTGTCAATCTGTAGTACTATGACTAATCGTCA

ATTTCACCAAAAATTGCTTAAATCAATCGCCGCTACTAGAGGCGCTACAGTCGTTATCGG

TACATCTAAATTTTATGGCGGATGGCATAATATGCTTAAAACGGTTTATTCTGACGTTGA

GAATCCACACCTTATGGGTTGGGATTATCCTAAATGCGATCGCGCTATGCCTAATATGCT

TAGAATTATGGCTAGTCTCGTACTCGCACGTAAACATACAACATGTTGTAGTCTATCACA

TAGATTTTATAGATTAGCTAACGAATGTGCACAAGTGCTTAGCGAAATGGTTATGTGTGG

TGGATCACTATATGTTAAACCCGGTGGTACATCTAGCGGTGACGCTACTACCGCATACGC

TAATAGCGTATTCAATATATGTCAAGCCGTTACCGCTAACGTTAACGCTCTACTATCTACT

GACGGTAATAAGATAGCCGATAAGTATGTTAGAAACTTACAACATAGATTGTATGAGTG

TCTTTATCGTAATCGCGATGTCGATACTGATTTCGTTAACGAATTCTATGCTTATCTTAGA

AAACACTTTAGTATGATGATACTATCTGACGATGCCGTAGTGTGTTTTAACTCTACTTATG

CTAGTCAGGGATTAGTCGCATCAATCAAAAATTTTAAATCAGTGTTATATTATCAAAATA

AATTTTGTTCACAACATACTATGTTAGTTAAACAGGGTGATGATTATGTGTACCTTCCTTA

CCCAGATCCATCAAGAATCCTAGGGGCCGGCTGTTTTGTAGATGATATCGTAAAAACAG

ATGGTACACTTATGATTGAACGGTTCGTGTCTTTAGCTATAGATGCTTACCCACTTACTAA

ACATCCTAATCAGGAGTATGCTGATGTCTTTCATTTGTACTTACAATACATAAGAAAGCT

ACATGATGAGTTAACAGGACACATGTTAGACATGTATTCTGTTATGCTTACTAATGATAA

CACTTCAAGGTATTGGGAACCTGAGTTTTATGAGGCTATGTACACACCGCATACAGTCTT

ACAGGCTGTTGGGGCTTGTGTTCTTTGCAATTCACAGACTTCATTAAGATGTGGTGCTTGC

ATACGTAGACCATTCTTATGTTGTAAATGCTGTTACGACCATGTCATATCAACATCACAT

AAATTAGTCTTGTCTGTTAATCCGTATGTTTGCAATGCTCCAGGTTGTGATGTCACAGATG

TGACTCAACTTTACTTAGGAGGTATGAGCTATTATTGTAAATCACATAAACCACCCATTA

TACTGAGGAGACATTTAAACTGTCTTATGGTATTGCTACTGTACGTGAAGTGCTGTCTGA

CAGAGAATTACATCTTTCATGGGAAGTTGGTAAACCTAGACCACCACTTAACCGAAATTA

TGTCTTTACTGGTTATCGTGTAACTAAAAACAGTAAAGTACAAATAGGAGAGTACACCTT TGAAAAAGGTGACTATGGTGATGCTGTTGTTTACCGAGGTACAACAACTTACAAATTAAA

TGTTGGTGATTATTTTGTGCTGACATCACATACAGTAATGCCATTAAGTGCACCTACACT

AGTGCCACAAGAGCACTATGTTAGAATTACTGGCTTATACCCAACACTCAATATCTCAGA

TGAGTTTTCTAGCAATGTTGCAAATTATCAAAAGGTTGGTATGCAAAAGTATTCTACACT

CCAGGGACCACCTGGTACTGGTAAGAGTCATTTTGCTATTGGCCTAGCTCTCTACTACCC

TTCTGCTCGCATAGTGTATACAGCTTGCTCTCATGCCGCTGTTGATGCACTATGTGAGAA

GGCATTAAAATATTTGCCTATAGATAAATGTAGTAGAATTATACCTGCACGTGCTCGTGT

AGAGTGTTTTGATAAATTCAAAGTGAATTCAACATTAGAACAGTATGTCTTTTGTACTGT

AAATGCATTGCCTGAAACGACAGCAGATATAGTTGTCTTTGATGAAATTTCAATGGCCAC

AAATTATGATTTGAGTGTTGTCAATGCCAGATTACGTGCTAAGCACTATGTGTACATTGG

CGACCCTGCTCAATTACCTGCACCACGCACATTGCTAACTAAGGGCACACTAGAACCAG

AATATTTCAATTCAGTGTGTAGACTTATGAAAACTATAGGTCCAGACATGTTCCTCGGAA

CTTGTCGGCGTTGTCCTGCTGAAATTGTTGACACTGTGAGTGCTTTGGTTTATGATAATAA

GCTTAAAGCACATAAAGACAAATCAGCTCAATGCTTTAAAATGTTTTATAAGGGTGTTAT

CACGCATGATGTTTCATCTGCAATTAACAGGCCACAAATAGGCGTGGTAAGAGAATTCCT

TACACGTAACCCTGCTTGGAGAAAAGCTGTCTTTATTTCACCTTATAATTCACAGAATGC

TGTAGCCTCAAAGATTTTGGGACTACCAACTCAAACTGTTGATTCATCACAGGGCTCAGA

ATATGACTATGTCATATTCACTCAAACCACTGAAACAGCTCACTCTTGTAATGTAAACAG

ATTTAATGTTGCTATTACCAGAGCAAAAGTAGGCATACTTTGCATAATGTCTGATAGGGA

CCTTTATGACAAGTTGCAATTTACAAGTCTTGAAATTCCACGTAGGAATGTGGCAACTTT

ACAAGCTGAAAATGTAACAGGACTCTTTAAAGATTGTAGTAAGGTAATCACTGGGTTAC

ATCCTACACAGGCACCTACACACCTCAGTGTTGACACTAAATTCAAAACTGAAGGTTTAT

GTGTTGACATACCTGGCATACCTAAGGACATGACCTATAGAAGACTCATCTCTATGATGG

GTTTTAAAATGAATTATCAAGTTAATGGTTACCCTAACATGTTTATCACCCGCGAAGAAG

CTATAAGACATGTACGTGCATGGATTGGCTTCGATGTCGAGGGGTGTCATGCTACTAGAG

ACCACCGCCTGGAGATCAATTTAAACACCTCATACCACTTATGTACAAAGGACTTCCTTG

GAATGTAGTGCGTATAAAGATTGTACAAATGTTAAGTGACACACTTAAAAATCTCTCTGA

CAGAGTCGTATTTGTCTTATGGGCACATGGCTTTGAGTTGACATCTATGAAGTATTTTGTG

AAAATAGGACCTGAGCGCACCTGTTGTCTATGTGATAGACGTGCCACATGCTTTTCCACT

GCTTCAGACACTTATGCCTGTTGGCATCATTCTATTGGATTTGATTACGTCTATAATCCGT

TTATGATTGATGTTCAACAATGGGGTTTTACAGGTAACCTACAAAGCAACCATGATCTGT

ATTGTCAAGTCCATGGTAATGCACATGTAGCTAGTTGTGATGCAATCATGACTAGGTGTC

TAGCTGTCCACGAGTGCTTTGTTAAGCGTGTTGACTGGACTATTGAATATCCTATAATTG

GTGATGAACTGAAGATTAATGCGGCTTGTAGAAAGGTTCAACACATGGTTGTTAAAGCT GCATTATTAGCAGACAAATTCCCAGTTCTTCACGACATTGGTAACCCTAAAGCTATTAAG

TGTGTACCTCAAGCTGATGTAGAATGGAAGTTCTATGATGCACAGCCTTGTAGTGACAAA

GCTTATAAAATAGAAGAATTATTCTATTCTTATGCCACACATTCTGACAAATTCACAGAT

GGTGTATGCCTATTTTGGAATTGCAATGTCGATAGATATCCTGCTAATTCCATTGTTTGTA

GATTTGACACTAGAGTGCTATCTAACCTTAACTTGCCTGGTTGTGATGGTGGCAGTTTGT

ATGTAAATAAACATGCATTCCACACACCAGCTTTTGATAAAAGTGCTTTTGTTAATTTAA

TGTCAGATATAGATTATGTACCACTAAAGTCTGCTACGTGTATAACACGTTGCAATTTAG

GTGGTGCTGTCTGTAGACATCATGCTAATGAGTACAGATTGTATCTCGATGCTTATAACA

TGATGATCTCAGCTGGCTTTAGCTTGTGGGTTTACAAACAATTTGATACTTATAACCTCTG

GAACACTTTTACAAGACTTCAGAGTTTAGAAAATGTGGCTTTTAATGTTGTAAATAAGGG

ACACTTTGATGGACAACAGGGTGAAGTACCAGTTTCTATCATTAATAACACTGTTTACAC

AAAAGTTGATGGTGTTGATGTAGAATTGTTTGAAAATAAAACAACATTACCTGTTAATGT

AGCATTTGAGCTTTGGGCTAAGCGCAACATTAAACCAGTACCAGAGGTGAAAATACTCA

ATAATTTGGGTGTGGACATTGCTGCTAATACTGTGATCTGGGACTACAAAAGAGATGCTC

CAGCACATATATCTACTATTGGTGTTTGTTCTATGACTGACATAGCCAAGAAACCAACTG

TATTTAGAAATGCCCGTAATGGTGTTCTTATTACAGAAGGTAGTGTTAAAGGTTTACAAC

CATCTGTAGGTCCCAAACAAGCTAGTCTTAATGGAGTCACATTAATTGGAGAAGCCGTAA

AAACACAGTTCAATTATTATAAGAAAGTTGATGGTGTTGTCCAACAATTACCTGAAACTT

ACTTTACTCAGAGTAGAAATTTACAAGAATTTAAACCCAGGAGTCAAATGGAAATTGATT

TCTTAGAATTAGCTATGGATGAATTCATTGAACGGTATAAATTAGAAGGCTATGCCTTCG

AACATATCGTTTATGGAGATTTTAGTCATAGTCAGTTAGGTGGTTTACATCTACTGATTGG

ACTAGCTAAACGTTTTAAGGAATCACCTTTTGAATTAGAAGATTTTATTCCTATGGACAG

TACAGTTAAAAACTATTTCATAACAGATGCGCAAACAGGTTCATCTAAGTGTGTGTGTTC

TGTTATTGATTTATTACTTGATGATTTTGTTGAAATAATAAAATCCCAAGATTTATCTGTA

GTTTCTAAGGTTGTCAAAGTGACTATTGACTATACAGAAATTTCATTTATGCTTTGGTGTA

AAGATGGCCATGTAGAAACATTTTACCCAAAATTACAATCTAGTCAAGCGTGGCAACCG

GGTGTTGCTATGCCTAATCTTTACAAAATGCAAAGAATGCTATTAGAAAAGTGTGACCTT

CAAAATTATGGTGATAGTGCAACATTACCTAAAGGCATAATGATGAATGTCGCAAAATA

TACTCAACTGTGTCAATATTTAAACACATTAACATTAGCTGTACCCTATAATATGAGAGT

TATACATTTTGGTGCTGGTTCTGATAAAGGAGTTGCACCAGGTACAGCTGTTTTAAGACA

GTGGTTGCCTACGGGTACGCTGCTTGTCGATTCAGATCTTAATGACTTTGTCTCTGATGCA

GATTCAACTTTGATTGGTGATTGTGCAACTGTACATACAGCTAATAAATGGGATCTCATT

ATTAGTGATATGTACGACCCTAAGACTAAAAATGTTACAAAAGAAAATGACTCTAAAGA

GCTATAAAGATAACAGAACATTCTTGGAATGCTGATCTTTATAAGCTCATGGGACACTTC

ACACGTTTCCGGTACTAACGGTACTAAAAGATTCGATAATCCTGTCTTACCATTTAACGA

CGGAGTGTATTTCGCTAGTACCGAAAAATCTAATATTATTAGGGGTTGGATATTCGGTAC

TACTCTTGACTCTAAAACGCAATCATTGTTAATCGTTAATAACGCTACTAACGTCGTTATT

AAGGTATGCGAATTTCAGTTTTGTAACGATCCTTTCTTAGGCGTTTATTATCATAAAAATA

ATAAGTCTTGGATGGAATCCGAATTTAGAGTGTATAGTTCCGCTAATAATTGTACATTCG

AATACGTTTCGCAACCATTTCTTATGGATCTTGAGGGTAAGCAGGGTAATTTTAAAAATT

GTTTTACTAACGTATACGCTGATTCATTCGTTATTAGAGGTGACGAAGTTAGACAGATTG

CACCAGGTCAAACAGGTAAGATTGCCGATTATAATTATAAGTTGCCTGACGATTTTACAG

GTTGCGTTATCGCTTGGAATTCTAATAATCTCGATTCTAAAGTCGGAGGTAATTATAATT

ATCTATATAGATTGTTTCGTAAGTCTAACCTTAAACCATTCGAACGGGATATTAGTACTG

AGATTTATCAGGCAGGTAGTACACCTTGTAACGGTGTCGAAGGTTTTAATTGTTATTTTCC

ACTTCAATCTTACGGTTTTCAACCTACTAACGGAGTCGGATATCAACCATATAGAGTAGT

CGTTCTATCATTCGAACTGTTACATGCACCCGCTACAGTTTGTGGTCCTAAAAAATCTACT

AACTTAGTTAAGAATAAATGCGTTAATTTTAACTTTAACGGTCTTACAGGTACAGGCGTA

ACTACTGACGCAGTTAGGGATCCACAAACACTTGAGATACTCGATATTACACCTTGTTCT TTTGGCGGGGTTAGCGTAATTACACCCGGTACTAATACATCTAATCAGGTCGCAGTACTT

TATCAAGACGTTAATTGTACTGAAGTGCCAGTCGCTATACATGCTGATCAATTGACACCT

AGCAAGAGGTCATTTATTGAAGATCTACTTTTCAACAAAGTGACACTTGCAGATGCTGGC

TTCATCAAACAATATGGTGATTGCCTTGGTGATATTGCTGCTAGAGATCTCATTTGCGCTC

AAAAATTTAACGGACTTACAGTTTTACCACCTTTACTTACTGACGAAATGATTGCGCAAT

ATACATCCGCATTGTTAGCCGGAACTATTACATCCGGATGGACTTTTGGCGCAGGCGCAG

CATTACAGATTCCATTCGCTATGCAAATGGCTTATAGGTTTAACGGTATAGGCGTTACGC

AAAACGTACTTTATGAGAATCAAAAACTTATCGCTAACCAATTTAATTCCGCTATCGGTA

AGATTCAGGATTCATTGTCTAGTACTGCTAGTGCACTCGGTAAGTTGCAAGACGTAGTGA

ATCAAAACGCTCAAGCACTTAATACACTCGTTAAACAGCTTAGTTCTAATTTTGGCGCAA

TTTCTAGTGTGCTTAACGATATACTATCTAGACTCGATAAAGTCGAAGCCGAAGTGCAAA

TCGATAGATTGATTACCGGTAGGTTGCAATCATTGCAAACATACGTTACACAGCAATTGA

TTAGGGCCGCAGAGATACGCGCTAGCGCTAATCTCGCAGCTACTAAAATGTCTGAATGC

AATTATTACTACTGATAATACATTCGTATCAGGTAATTGTGACGTAGTGATAGGTATCGT

TAATAATACAGTTTACGATCCACTTCAACCTGAACTCGATAGTTTTAAAGAGGAACTCGA

TAAGTATTTTAAAAATCATACATCACCTGACGTCGACTTAGGCGATATTTCAGGTATTAA

CGCTAGTGTCGTTAACATTCAAAAAGAGATTGATAGACTTAACGAAGTCGCTAAAAATCT

TAACGAATCACTTATCGATCTGCAAGAGTTAGGTAAGTATGAGCAATATATTAAATGGCC

TTGGTATATTTGGTTAGGCTTTATAGCCGGATTGATCGCAATCGTTATGGTTACAATTATG

TTATGTTGTATGACATCATGTTGTTCATGTCTTAAGGGATGTTGTTCATGCGGATCATGTT

GTAAATTTGACGAAGACGATTCCGAACCAGTGCTTAAAGGCGTTAAGTTACATTATACAT

AAACGAACTTATGGATTTGTTTATGAGAATCTTCACAATTGGAACTGTAACTTTGAAGCA

AGGTGAAATCAAGGATGCTACTCCTTCAGATTTTGTTCGCGCTACTGCAACGATACCGAT AGCGCTTCCAAAATCATAACCCTCAAAAAGAGATGGCAACTAGCACTCTCCAAGGGTGT

TCACTTTGTTTGCAACTTGCTGTTGTTGTTTGTAACAGTTTACTCACACCTTTTGCTCGTTG

CTGCTGGCCTTGAAGCCCCTTTTCTCTATCTTTATGCTTTAGTCTACTTCTTGCAGAGTATA

AACTTTGTAAGAATAATAATGAGGCTTTGGCTTTGCTGGAAATGCCGTTCCAAAAACCCA

TTACTTTATGATGCCAACTATTTTCTTTGCTGGCATACTAATTGTTACGACTATTGTATAC

CTTACAATAGTGTAACTTCTTCAATTGTCATTACTTCAGGTGATGGCACAACAAGTCCTAT

TTCTGAACATGACTACCAGATTGGTGGTTATACTGAAAAATGGGAATCTGGAGTAAAAG

ACTGTGTTGTATTACACAGTTACTTCACTTCAGACTATTACCAGCTGTACTCAACTCAATT

GAGTACAGACACTGGTGTTGAACATGTTACCTTCTTCATCTACAATAAAATTGTTGATGA

GCCTGAAGAACATGTCCAAATTCACACAATCGACGGTTCATCCGGAGTTGTTAATCCAGT

AATGGAACCAATTTATGATGAACCGACGACGACTACTAGCGTGCCTTTGTAAGCACAAG

CTGATGAGTACGAACTTATGTACTCATTCGTTTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTA

TTTTGTGCTTGCTGCTGTTTACAGAATAAATTGGATCACCGGTGGAATTGCTATCGCAAT

GGCTTGTCTTGTAGGCTTGATGTGGCTCAGCTACTTCATTGCTTCTTTCAGACTGTTTGCG

CGTACGCGTTCCATGTGGTCATTCAATCCAGAAACTAACATTCTTCTCAACGTGCCACTC

CATGGCACTATTCTGACCAGACCGCTTCTAGAAAGTGAACTCGTAATCGGAGCTGTGATC

CTTCGTGGACATCTTCGTATTGCTGGACACCATCTAGGACGCTGTGACATCAAGGACCTG

CCTAAAGAAATCACTGTTGCTACATCACGAACGCTTTCTTATTACAAATTGGGAGCTTCG

CAGCGTGTAGCAGGTGACTCAGGTTTTGCTGCATACAGTCGCTACAGGATTGGCAACTAT

AAATTAAACACAGACCATTCCAGTAGCAGTGACAATATTGCTTTGCTTGTACAGTAAGTG

ACAACAGATGTTTCATCTCGTTGACTTTCAGGTTACTATAGCAGAGATATTACTAATTATT

ATGAGGACTTTTAAAGTTTCCATTTGGAATCTTGATTACATCATAAACCTCATAATTAAA

AATTTATCTAAGTCACTAACTGAGAATAAATATTCTCAATTAGATGAAGAGCAACCAATG

GAGATTGATTAAACGAACATGAAAATTATTCTTTTCTTGGCACTGATAACACTCGCTACT

TGTGAGCTTTATCACTACCAAGAGTGTGTTAGAGGTACAACAGTACTTTTAAAAGAACCT

TGCTCTTCTGGAACATACGAGGGCAATTCACCATTTCATCCTCTAGCTGATAACAAATTT

GCACTGACTTGCTTTAGCACTCAATTTGCTTTTGCTTGTCCTGACGGCGTAAAACACGTCT

ATCAGTTACGTGCCAGATCAGTTTCACCTAAACTGTTCATCAGACAAGAGGAAGTTCAAG

GCCTTTCTGCTATTCCTTGTTTTAATTATGCTTATTATCTTTTGGTTCTCACTTGAACTGCA

AGATCATAATGAAACTTGTCACGCCTAAACGAACATGAAATTTCTTGTTTTCTTAGGAAT

CATCACAACTGTAGCTGCATTTCACCAAGAATGTAGTTTACAGTCATGTACTCAACATCA

ACCATATGTAGTTGATGACCCGTGTCCTATTCACTTCTATTCTAAATGGTATATTAGAGTA

GGAGCTAGAAAATCAGCACCTTTAATTGAATTGTGCGTGGATGAGGCTGGTTCTAAATCA

CCCATTCAGTACATCGATATCGGTAATTATACAGTTTCCTGTTTACCTTTTACAATTAATT

AGTATCATGACGTTCGTGTTGTTTTAGATTTCATCTAAACGAACAAACTAAAATGTCTGA

TAATGGACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAATGCACCCCGCATTACGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGATTC

AACTGGCAGTAACCAGAATGGAGAACGCAGTGGGGCGCGATCAAAACAACGTCGGCCC

CAAGGTTTACCCAATAATACTGCGTCTTGGTTCACCGCTCTCACTCAACATGGCAAGGAA

GACCTTAAATTCCCTCGAGGACAAGGCGTTCCAATTAACACCAATAGCAGTCCAGATGA

CCAAATTGGCTACTACCGAAGAGCTACCAGACGAATTCGTGGTGGTGACGGTAAAATGA

AAGATCTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCTACTACCTAGGAACTGGGCCAGAAGCTGGACTTC

CCTATGGTGCTAACAAAGACGGCATCATATGGGTTGCAACTGAGGGAGCCTTGAATACA

CCAAAAGATCACATTGGCACCCGCAATCCTGCTAACAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTACAACTT

CCTCAAGGAACAACATTGCCAAAAGGCTTCTACGCAGAAGGGAGCAGAGGCGGCAGTCA

AGCCTCTTCTCGTTCCTCATCACGTAGTCGCAACAGTTCAAGAAATTCAACTCCAGGCAG

CAGTAGGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAATGGCTGGCAATGGCGGTGATGCTGCTCTTGCTTT

GCTGCTGCTTGACAGATTGAACCAGCTTGAGAGCAAAATGTCTGGTAAAGGCCAACAAC

AACAAGGCCAAACTGTCACTAAGAAATCTGCTGCTGAGGCTTCTAAGAAGCCTCGGCAA

AAACGTACTGCCACTAAAGCATACAATGTAACACAAGCTTTCGGCAGACGTGGTCCAGA

ACAAACCCAAGGAAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAACTAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTACAAAC

ATTGGCCGCAAATTGCACAATTTGCCCCCAGCGCTTCAGCGTTCTTCGGAATGTCGCGCA

TTGGCATGGAAGTCACACCTTCGGGAACGTGGTTGACCTACACAGGTGCCATCAAATTGG

ATGACAAAGATCCAAATTTCAAAGATCAAGTCATTTTGCTGAATAAGCATATTGACGCAT

ACAAAACATTCCCACCAACAGAGCCTAAAAAGGACAAAAAGAAGAAGGCTGATGAAAC

TCAAGCCTTACCGCAGAGACAGAAGAAACAGCAAACTGTGACTCTTCTTCCTGCTGCAG

ATTTGGATGATTTCTCCAAACAATTGCAACAATCCATGAGCAGTGCTGACTCAACTCAGG

CCTAAACTCATGCAGACCACACAAGGCAGATGGGCTATATAAACGTTTTCGCTTTTCCGT

TTACGATATATAGTCTACTCTTGTGCAGAATGAATTCTCGTAACTACATAGCACAAGTAG

ATGTAGTTAACTTTAATCTCACATAGCAATCTTTAATCAGTGTGTAACATTAGGGAGGAC

TTGAAAGAGCCACCACATTTTCACCGAGGCCACGCGGAGTACGATCGAGTGTACAGTGA

ACAATGCTAGGGAGAGCTGCCTATATGGAAGAGCCCTAATGTGTAAAATTAATTTTAGTA GTGCTATCCCCATGTGATTTTAATAGCTTCTTAGGAGAATGACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAA

[00241] SEQ ID NO:4 (deoptimized in reference to Washington isolate (GenBank: MN985325.1), with a 36 nucleotide deletion in the spike protein). attaaaggtttataccttcccaggtaacaaaccaaccaactttcgatctcttgtagatctgttctctaaacgaactttaaaatctgtgtggctgtcactcgg ctgcatgcttagtgcactcacgcagtataattaataactaattactgtcgttgacaggacacgagtaactcgtctatcttctgcaggctgcttacggtttc gtccgtgttgcagccgatcatcagcacatctaggtttcgtccgggtgtgaccgaaaggtaagatggagagccttgtccctggtttcaacgagaaaac acacgtccaactcagtttgcctgttttacaggttcgcgacgtgctcgtacgtggctttggagactccgtggaggaggtcttatcagaggcacgtcaac atcttaaagatggcacttgtggcttagtagaagttgaaaaaggcgttttgcctcaacttgaacagccctatgtgttcatcaaacgttcggatgctcgaac tgcacctcatggtcatgttatggttgagctggtagcagaactcgaaggcattcagtacggtcgtagtggtgagacacttggtgtccttgtccctcatgt gggcgaaataccagtggcttaccgcaaggttcttcttcgtaagaacggtaataaaggagctggtggccatagttacggcgccgatctaaagtcattt gacttaggcgacgagcttggcactgatccttatgaagattttcaagaaaactggaacactaaacatagcagtggtgttacccgtgaactcatgcgtga gcttaacggaggggcatacactcgctatgtcgataacaacttctgtggccctgatggctaccctcttgagtgcattaaagaccttctagcacgtgctg gtaaagcttcatgcactttgtccgaacaactggactttattgacactaagaggggtgtatactgctgccgtgaacatgagcatgaaattgcttggtaca cggaacgttctgaaaagagctatgaattgcagacaccttttgaaattaaattggcaaagaaatttgacaccttcaatggggaatgtccaaattttgtattt cccttaaattccataatcaagactattcaaccaagggttgaaaagaaaaagcttgatggctttatgggtagaattcgatctgtctatccagttgcgtcac caaatgaatgcaaccaaatgtgcctttcaactctcatgaagtgtgatcattgtggtgaaacttcatggcagacgggcgattttgttaaagccacttgcg aattttgtggcactgagaatttgactaaagaaggtgccactacttgtggttacttaccccaaaatgctgttgttaaaatttattgtccagcatgtcacaattc agaagtaggacctgagcatagtcttgccgaataccataatgaatctggcttgaaaaccattcttcgtaagggtggtcgcactattgcctttggaggctg tgtgttctcttatgttggttgccataacaagtgtgcctattgggttccacgtgctagcgctaacataggttgtaaccatacaggtgttgttggagaaggtt ccgaaggtcttaatgacaaccttcttgaaatactccaaaaagagaaagtcaacatcaatattgttggtgactttaaacttaatgaagagatcgccattatt ttggcatctttttctgcttccacaagtgcttttgtggaaactgtgaaaggtttggattataaagcattcaaacaaattgttgaatcctgtggtaattttaaagtt acaaaaggaaaagctaaaaaaggtgcctggaatattggtgaacagaaatcaatactgagtcctctttatgcatttgcatcagaggctgctcgtgttgta cgatcaattttctcccgcactcttgaaactgctcaaaattctgtgcgtgttttacagaaggccgctataacaatactagatggaatttcacagtattcactg agactcattgatgctatgatgttcacatctgatttggctactaacaatctagttgtaatggcctacattacaggtggtgttgttcagttgacttcgcagtgg ctaactaacatctttggcactgtttatgaaaaactcaaacccgtccttgattggcttgaagagaagtttaaggaaggtgtagagtttcttagagacggtt gggaaattgttaaatttatctcaacctgtgcttgtgaaattgtcggtggacaaattgtcacctgtgcaaaggaaattaaggagagtgttcagacattcttt aagcttgtaaataaatttttggctttgtgtgctgactctatcattattggtggagctaaacttaaagccttgaatttaggtgaaacatttgtcacgcactcaa agggattgtacagaaagtgtgttaaatccagagaagaaactggcctactcatgcctctaaaagccccaaaagaaattatcttcttagagggagaaac acttcccacagaagtgttaacagaggaagttgtcttgaaaactggtgatttacaaccattagaacaacctactagtgaagctgttgaagctccattggtt ggtacaccagtttgtattaacgggcttatgttgctcgaaatcaaagacacagaaaagtactgtgcccttgcacctaatatgatggtaacaaacaatacc ttcacactcaaaggcggtgcaccaacaaaggttacttttggtgatgacactgtgatagaagtgcaaggttacaagagtgtgaatatcacttttgaactt gatgaaaggattgataaagtacttaatgagaagtgctctgcctatacagttgaactcggtacagaagtaaatgagttcgcctgtgttgtggcagatgct gtcataaaaactttgcaaccagtatctgaattacttacaccactgggcattgatttagatgagtggagtatggctacatactacttatttgatgagtctggt gagtttaTattggcttcacatatgtattgttctttctaccctccagatgaggatgaagaagaaggtgattgtgaagaagaagagtttgagccatcaactc aatatgagtatggtactgaagatgattaccaaggtaaacctttggaatttggtgccacttctgctgctcttcaacctgaagaagagcaagaagaagatt ggttagatgatgatagtcaacaaactgttggtcaacaagacggcagtgaggacaatcagacaactactattcaaacaattgttgaggttcaacctcaa ttagagatggaacttacaccagttgttcagactattgaagtgaatagttttagtggttatttaaaacttactgacaatgtatacattaaaaatgcagacattg tggaagaagctaaaaaggtaaaaccaacagtggttgttaatgcagccaatgtttaccttaaacatggaggaggtgttgcaggagccttaaataaggc tactaacaatgccatgcaagttgaatctgatgattacatagctactaatggaccacttaaagtgggtggtagttgtgtttaagcggacacaatcttgcta aacactgtcttcatgttgtcggcccaaatgttaacaaaggtgaagacattcaacttcttaagagtgcttatgaaaattttaatcagcacgaagttctacttg caccattattatcagctggtatttttggtgctgaccctatacattctttaagagtttgtgtagatactgttcgcacaaatgtctacttagctgtctttgataaaa atctctatgacaaacttgtttcaagctttttggaaatgaagagtgaaaagcaagttgaacaaaagatcgctgagattcctaaagaggaagttaagccat ttataactgaaagtaaaccttcagttgaacagagaaaacaagatgataagaaaatcaaagcttgtgttgaagaagttacaacaactctggaagaaact aagttcctcacagaaaacttgttacttatattgacattaatggcaatcttcatccagattctgccactcttgttagtgacattgacatcactttcttaaagaa agatgctccatatatagtgggtgatgttgttcaagagggtgttttaactgctgtggttatacctactaaaaaggctggtggcactactgaaatgctagcg aaagctttgagaaaagtgccaacagacaattatataaccacttacccgggtcagggtttaaatggttacactgtagaggaggcaaagacagtgctta aaaagtgtaaaagtgccttttacattctaccatctattatctctaatgagaagcaagaaattcttggaactgtttcttggaatttgcgagaaatgcttgcac 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tagacacctatccttctttagaaactatacaaattaccatttcatcttttaaatgggatttaactgcttttggcttagttgcagagtggtttttggcatatattctt ttcactaggtttttctatgtacttggattggctgcaatcatgcaattgtttttcagctatttgcagtacatttattagtaattcttggcttatgtggttaataatta atcttgtacaaatggccccgatttcagctatggttagaatgtacatcttctttgcatcattttattatgtatggaaaagttatgtgcatgttgtagacggttgt aattcatcaacttgtatgatgtgttacaaacgtaatagagcaacaagagtcgaatgtacaactattgttaatggtgttagaaggtccttttatgtctatgct aatggaggtaaaggcttttgcaaactacacaattggaattgtgttaattgtgatacattctgtgctggtagtacatttattagtgatgaagttgcgagaga cttgtcactacagtttaaaagaccaataaatcctactgaccagtcttcttacatcgttgatagtgttacagtgaagaatggttccatccatctttactttgata aagctggtcaaaagacttatgaaagacattctctctctcattttgttaacttagacaacctgagagctaataacactaaaggttcattgcctattaatgttat agttttgatggtaaatcaaaatgtgaagaatcatctgcaaaatcagcgtctgtttactacagtcagcttatgtgtcaacctatactgttactagatcaggc attagtgtctgatgttggtgatagtgcggaagttgcagttaaaatgtttgatgcttacgttaatacgttttcatcaacttttaacgtaccaatggaaaaactc aaaacactagttgcaactgcagaagctgaacttgcaaagaatgtgtccttagacaatgtcttatctacttttatttcagcagctcggcaagggtttgttga ttcagatgtagaaactaaagatgttgttgaatgtcttaaattgtcacatcaatctgacatagaagttactggcgatagttgtaataactatatgctcacctat aacaaagttgaaaacatgacaccccgtgaccttggtgcttgtattgactgtagtgcgcgtcatattaatgcgcaggtagcaaaaagtcacaacattgct ttgatatggaacgttaaagatttcatgtcattgtctgaacaactacgaaaacaaatacgtagtgctgctaaaaagaataacttacctttaagttgacatgt gcaactactagacaagttgttaatgttgtaacaacaaagatagcacttaagggtggtaaaattgttaataattggttgaagcagttaattaaagttacact tgtgttcctttttgttgctgctattttctatttaataacacctgttcatgtcatgtctaaacatactgacttttcaagtgaaatcataggatacaaggctattgat ggtggtgtcactcgtgacatagcatctacagatacttgttttgctaacaaacatgctgattttgacacatggtttagtcagcgtggtggtagttatactaat gacaaagcttgcccattgattgctgcagtcataacaagagaagtgggtttgtcgtgcctggtttgcctggcacgatattacgcacaactaatggtgac tttttgcatttcttacctagagtttttagtgcagttggtaacatctgttacacaccatcaaaacttatagagtacactgactttgcaacatcagcttgtgtttg gctgctgaatgtacaatttttaaagatgcttctggtaagccagtaccatattgttatgataccaatgtactagaaggttctgttgcttatgaaagtttacgcc ctgacacacgttatgtgctcatggatggctctattattcaatttcctaacacctaccttgaaggttctgttagagtggtaacaacCttgattctgagtact gtaggcacggcacttgtgaaagatcagaagctggtgtttgtgtatctactagtggtagatgggtacttaacaatgattattacagatctttaccaggagt tttctgtggtgtagatgctgtaaatttacttactaatatgtttacaccactaattcaacctattggtgcttggacatatcagcatctatagtagctggtggtat tgtagctatcgtagtaacatgccttgcctactattttatgaggtttagaagagctttggtgaatacagtcatgtagttgccttaatactttactattccttat gtcattcactgtactctgttaacaccagtttactcattcttacctggtgtttattctgttatttacttgtacttgacatttatcttactaatgatgtttctttttagc acatattcagtggatggttatgttcacacctttagtacctttctggataacaattgcttatatcatttgtatttccacaaagcatttctattggttctttagtaatt acctaaagagacgtgtagtcttaatggtgtttccttagtacttttgaagaagctgcgctgtgcacctttttgttaaataaagaaatgtatctaaagttgcg tagtgatgtgctattacctcttacgcaatataatagatacttagctctttataataagtacaagtattttagtggagcaatggatacaactagctacagaga agctgcttgttgtcatctcgcaaaggctctcaatgacttcagtaactcaggttctgatgttctttaccaaccaccacaaacctctatcacctcagctgtttt gcagagtggttttagaaaaatggcattcccatctggtaaagttgagggttgtatggtacaagtaacttgtggtacaactacacttaacggtctttggctt gatgacgtagttactgtccaagacatgtgatctgcacctctgaagacatgcttaaccctaattatgaagatttactcattcgtaagtctaatcataatttct tggtacaggctggtaatgttcaactcagggttattggacattctatgcaaaattgtgtacttaagcttaaggttgatacagccaatcctaagacacctaa gtataagtttgttcgcattcaaccaggacagactttttcagtgttagcttgttacaatggttcaccatctggtgtttaccaatgtgctatgaggcccaatttc actattaagggttcattccttaatggttcatgtggtagtgttggttttaacatagattatgactgtgtctctttttgttacatgcaccatatggaattaccaact ggagttcatgctggcacagacttagaaggtaacttttatggaccttttgttgacaggcaaacagcacaagcagctggtacggacacaactattacagt taatgttttagcttggttgtacgctgctgttataaatggagacaggtggtttctcaatcgatttaccacaactcttaatgactttaaccttgtggctatgaagt acaattatgaacctctaacacaagaccatgttgacatactaggacctctttctgctcaaactggaattgccgttttagatatgtgtgcttcattaaaagaat tactgcaaaatggtatgaatggacgtaccatattgggtagtgctttattagaagatgaattacaccttttgatgttgttagacaatgctcaggtgttacttt ccaaagtgcagtgaaaagaacaatcaagggtacacaccactggttgttactcacaattttgacttcacttttagttttagtccagagtactcaatggtcttt gttcttttttttgtatgaaaatgcctttttacctttgctatgggtattattgctatgtctgcttttgcaatgatgtttgtcaaacataagcatgcatttctctgtttgt ttttgttaccttctcttgccactgtagcttattttaatatggtctatatgcctgctagttgggtgatgcgtattatgacatggttggatatggttgatactagttt gtctggttttaagctaaaagactgtgttatgtatgcatcagctgtagtgttactaatccttatgacagcaagaactgtgtatgatgatggtgctaggagag tgtggacacttatgaatgtcttgacactcgtttataaagttattatggtaatgctttagatcaagccatttccatgtgggctcttataatctctgttacttctaa ctactcaggtgtagttacaactgtcatgttCttggccagaggtattgtttttatgtgtgttgagtattgccctattttcttcataactggtaatacacttcagtg tataatgctagtttattgtttcttaggctattttgtacttgttacttggcctcttttgtttactcaaccgctactttagactgactcttggtgttatgattacttag tttctacacaggagtttagatatatgaattcacagggactactcccacccaagaatagcatagatgccttcaaactcaacattaaattgttgggtgttggt ggcaaaccttgtatcaaagtagccactgtacagtctaaaatgtcagatgtaaagtgcacatcagtagtcttactctcagttttgcaacaactcagagtag aatcatcatctaaattgtgggctcaatgtgtccagttacacaatgacattctcttagctaaagatactactgaagcctttgaaaaaatggtttcactactttc tgttttgctttccatgcagggtgctgtagacataaacaagctttgtgaagaaatgctggacaacagggcaaccttacaagctatagcctcagagtttag ttcccttccatcatatgcagcttttgctactgctcaagaagcttatgagcaggctgttgctaatggtgattctgaagttgttcttaaaaagttgaagaagtct ttgaatgtggctaaatctgaatttgaccgtgatgcagccatgcaacgtaagttggaaaagatggctgatcaagctatgacccaaatgtataaacaggc tagatctgaggacaagagggcaaaagttactagtgctatgcagacaatgcttttcactatgcttagaaagttggataatgatgcactcaacaacattat caacaatgcaagagatggttgtgttcccttgaacataatacctcttacaacagcagccaaactaatggttgtcataccagactataacacatataaaaat acgtgtgatggtacaacatttacttatgcatcagcattgtgggaaatccaacaggttgtagatgcagatagtaaaattgttcaacttagtgaaattagtat ggacaattcacctaattagcatggcctcttattgtaacagcttaagggccaattctgctgtcaaattacagaataatgagcttagtcctgttgcactacg acagatgtcttgtgctgccggtactacacaaactgcttgcactgatgacaatgcgttagcttactacaacacaacaaagggaggtaggtttgtacttgc actgttatccgattacaggatttgaaatgggctagattccctaagagtgatggaactggtactatctatacagaactggaaccaccttgtaggttgtta cagacacacctaaaggtcctaaagtgaagtatttatactttattaaaggattaaacaacctaaatagaggtatggtacttggtagtttagctgccacagt acgtctacaagctggtaatgcaacagaagtgcctgccaattcaactgtattatctttctgtgctttgctgtagatgctgctaaagcttacaaagattatct agctagtgggggacaaccaatcactaattgtgttaagatgttgtgtacacacactggtactggtcaggcaataacagttacaccggaagccaatatg gatcaagaatcctttggtggtgcatcgtgttgtctgtactgccgttgccacatagatcatccaaatcctaaaggattttgtgacttaaaaggtaagtatgt acaaatacctacaacttgtgctaatgaccctgtgggtttacacttaaaaacacagtctgtaccgtctgcggtatgtggaaaggttatggctgtagttgt gatcaactccgcgaacccatgcttcagtcagctgatgcacaatcgtttttaaacgggtttgcggtgtaagtgcagcccgtcttacaccgtgcggcaca ggcactagtactgatgtcgtatacagggcttttgacatctacaatgataaagtagctggttttgctaaattcctaaaaactaattgttgtcgcttccaagaa aaggacgaagatgacaatttaattgattcttacttgtagttaagagacacactttctctaactaccaacatgaagaaacaatttataatttacttaaggatt gtccagctgttgctaaacatgacttctttaagtttagaatagacggtgacatggtaccacatatatcacgtcaacgtcttactaaatacacaatggcaga cctcgtctatgctttaaggcattttgatgaaggtaattgtgacacattaaaagaaatacttgtcacatacaattgttgtgatgatgattatttcaataaaaag gactggtatgattttgtagaaaacccagatatattacgcgtatacgccaacttaggtgaacgtgtacgccaagcttgttaaaaacagtacaattctgtg atgccatgcgaaatgctggtattgttggtgtactgacattagataatcaagatctcaatggtaactggtatgatttcggtgatttcatacaaaccacgcca ggtagtggagttcctgttgtagattcttattattcattgttaatgcctatattaaccttgaccagggctttaactgcagagtcacatgttgacactgacttaa caaagccttacattaagtgggatttgttaaaatatgacttcacggaagagaggttaaaactctttgaccgttattttaaatattgggatcagacataccac ccaaattgtgttaactgtttggatgacagatgcattctgcattgtgcaaactttaatgttttattctctacagtgttcccacctacaagttttggaccactagt gagaaaaatatttgttgatggtgttccattgtagtttcaactggataccacttcagagagctaggtgttgtacataatcaggatgtaaacttacatagctc tagacttagttttaaggaattacttgtgtatgctgctgaccctgctatgcacgctgcttctggtaatctattactagataaacgcactacgtgcttttcagta gctgcacttactaacaatgttgcttttcaaactgtcaaacccggtaattttaacaaagacttctatgactttgctgtgtctaagggtttctttaaggaaggaa gttctgttgaattaaaacacttcttctttgctcaggatggtaatgctgctatcagcgattatgactactatcgttataatctaccaacaatgtgtgatatcag acaactactatttgtagttgaagttgttgataagtactttgattgttacgatggtggctgtattaatgctaaccaagtcatcgtcaacaacctagacaaatc agctggttttccatttaataaatggggtaaggctagactttattatgattcaatgagttatgaggatcaagatgcacttttcgcatatacaaaacgtaatgt catccctactataactcaaatgaatcttaagtatgccattagtgcaaagaatagagctcgcaccgtagctggtgtctctatctgtagtactatgaccaata gacagtttcatcaaaaattattgaaatcaatagccgccactagaggagctactgtagtaattggaacaagcaaattctatggtggttggcacaacatgt taaaaactgtttatagtgatgtagaaaaccctcaccttatgggttgggattatcctaaatgtgatagagccatgcctaacatgcttagaattatggcctca cttgttcttgctcgcaaacatacaacgtgttgtagcttgtcacaccgtttctatagattagctaatgagtgtgctcaagtattgagtgaaatggtcatgtgt ggcggttcactatatgttaaaccaggtggaacctcatcaggagatgccacaactgcttatgctaatagtgtttttaacatttgtcaagctgtcacggcca atgttaatgcacttttatctactgatggtaacaaaattgccgataagtatgtccgcaatttacaacacagactttatgagtgtctctatagaaatagagatg ttgacacagacttgtgaatgagttttacgcatatttgcgtaaacatttctcaatgatgatactctctgacgatgctgttgtgtgtttcaatagcacttatgca tctcaaggtctagtggctagcataaagaactttaagtcagttctttattatcaaaacaatgtttttatgtctgaagcaaaatgttggactgagactgacctta ctaaaggacctcatgaattttgctctcaacatacaatgctagttaaacagggtgatgattatgtgtaccttccttacccagatccatcaagaatcctaggg gccggctgttttgtagatgatatcgtaaaaacagatggtacacttatgattgaacggttcgtgtctttagctatagatgcttacccacttactaaacatcct aatcaggagtatgctgatgtctttcattgtacttacaatacataagaaagctacatgatgagttaacaggacacatgttagacatgtattctgttatgctta ctaatgataacacttcaaggtattgggaacctgagttttatgaggctatgtacacaccgcatacagtcttacaggctgttggggcttgtgttctttgcaatt cacagacttcattaagatgtggtgcttgcatacgtagaccattcttatgttgtaaatgctgttacgaccatgtcatatcaacatcacataaattagtcttgtc tgttaatccgtatgtttgcaGtgctccaggttgtgatgtcacagatgtgactcaactttacttaggaggtatgagctattattgtaaatcacataaaccac ccattagttttccattgtgtgctaatggacaagtttttggtttatataaaaatacatgtgttggtagcgataatgttactgactttaatgcaattgcaacatgtg actggacaaatgctggtgattacattttagctaacacctgtactgaaagactcaagcttttgcagcagaaacgctcaaagctactgaggagacatta aactgtcttatggtattgctactgtacgtgaagtgctgtctgacagagaattacatctttcatgggaagttggtaaacctagaccaccacttaaccgaaa ttatgtctttactggttatcgtgtaactaaaaacagtaaagtacaaataggagagtacacctttgaaaaaggtgactatggtgatgctgttgtttaccgag gtacaacaacttacaaattaaatgttggtgattattttgtgctgacatcacatacagtaatgccattaagtgcacctacactagtgccacaagagcactat gttagaattactggcttatacccaacactcaatatctcagatgagttttctagcaatgttgcaaattatcaaaaggttggtatgcaaaagtattctacactc cagggaccacctggtactggtaagagtcattttgctattggcctagctctctactacccttctgctcgcatagtgtatacagcttgctctcatgccgctgt tgatgcactatgtgagaaggcattaaaatatttgcctatagataaatgtagtagaattatacctgcacgtgctcgtgtagagtgttttgataaattcaaagt gaattcaacattagaacagtatgtcttttgtactgtaaatgcattgcctgagacgacagcagatatagttgtctttgatgaaatttcaatggccacaaatta tgatttgagtgttgtcaatgccagattacgtgctaagcactatgtgtacattggcgaccctgctcaattacctgcaccacgcacattgctaactaagggc acactagaaccagaatatttcaattcagtgtgtagacttatgaaaactataggtccagacatgttcctcggaacttgtcggcgttgtcctgctgaaattgt tgacactgtgagtgctttggtttatgataataagcttaaagcacataaagacaaatcagctcaatgcttaaaatgtttataagggtgttatcacgcatga tgtttcatctgcaattaacaggccacaaataggcgtggtaagagaattccttacacgtaaccctgcttggagaaaagctgtcttatttcaccttataattc acagaatgctgtagcctcaaagatttgggactaccaactcaaactgttgattcatcacagggctcagaatatgactatgtcatattcactcaaaccact gaaacagctcactcttgtaatgtaaacagatttaatgttgctattaccagagcaaaagtaggcatactttgcataatgtctgatagagacctttatgacaa gttgcaatttacaagtcttgaaattccacgtaggaatgtggcaactttacaagctgaaaatgtaacaggactttttaaagattgtagtaaggtaatcactg ggttacatcctacacaggcacctacacacctcagtgttgacactaaattcaaaactgaaggtttatgtgttgacatacctggcatacctaaggacatga cctatagaagactcatctctatgatgggtttaaaatgaattatcaagttaatggttaccctaacatgttatcacccgcgaagaagctataagacatgta cgtgcatggattggcttcgatgtcgaggggtgtcatgctactagagaagctgttggtaccaatttacctttacagctaggtttttctacaggtgttaacct agttgctgtacctacaggttatgttgatacacctaataatacagatttttccagagttagtgctaaaccaccgcctggagatcaatttaaacacctcatac cacttatgtacaaaggacttccttggaatgtagtgcgtataaagattgtacaaatgttaagtgacacacttaaaaatctctctgacagagtcgtatttgtct tatgggcacatggctttgagttgacatctatgaagtatttgtgaaaataggacctgagcgcacctgttgtctatgtgatagacgtgccacatgcttttcc actgcttcagacacttatgcctgttggcatcattctattggattgattacgtctataatccgtttatgattgatgttcaacaatggggttttacaggtaacct acaaagcaaccatgatctgtattgtcaagtccatggtaatgcacatgtagctagttgtgatgcaatcatgactaggtgtctagctgtccacgagtgcttt gttaagcgtgttgactggactattgaatatcctataattggtgatgaactgaagattaatgcggcttgtagaaaggttcaacacatggttgttaaagctgc attattagcagacaaattcccagttcttcacgacattggtaaccctaaagctattaagtgtgtacctcaagctgatgtagaatggaagttctatgatgcac agccttgtagtgacaaagcttataaaatagaagaattattctattcttatgccacacattctgacaaattcacagatggtgtatgcctattttggaattgcaa tgtcgatagatatcctgctaattccattgttgtagatttgacactagagtgctatctaaccttaacttgcctggttgtgatggtggcagttgtatgtaaata aacatgcattccacacaccagctttgataaaagtgctttgttaatttaaaacaattaccatttttctattactctgacagtccatgtgagtctcatggaaaa caagtagtgtcagatatagattatgtaccactaaagtctgctacgtgtataacacgttgcaatttaggtggtgctgtctgtagacatcatgctaatgagta cagattgtatctcgatgcttataacatgatgatctcagctggctttagcttgtgggtttacaaacaatttgatacttataacctctggaacacttttacaaga cttcagagttagaaaatgtggcttttaatgttgtaaataagggacactttgatggacaacagggtgaagtaccagtttctatcattaataacactgtttac acaaaagttgatggtgttgatgtagaattgtttgaaaataaaacaacattacctgttaatgtagcatttgagctttgggctaagcgcaacattaaaccagt accagaggtgaaaatactcaataatttgggtgtggacattgctgctaatactgtgatctgggactacaaaagagatgctccagcacatatatctactatt ggtgtttgttctatgactgacatagccaagaaaccaactgaaacgattgtgcaccactcactgtctttttgatggtagagttgatggtcaagtagactt atttagaaatgcccgtaatggtgttcttattacagaaggtagtgttaaaggtttacaaccatctgtaggtcccaaacaagctagtcttaatggagtcacat taattggagaagccgtaaaaacacagttcaattattataagaaagttgatggtgttgtccaacaattacctgaaacttacttactcagagtagaaattta caagaattaaacccaggagtcaaatggaaattgatttcttagaattagctatggatgaattcattgaacggtataaattagaaggctatgccttcgaac atatcgtttatggagatttagtcatagtcagttaggtggtttacatctactgattggactagctaaacgttttaaggaatcaccttttgaattagaagatttta ttcctatggacagtacagttaaaaactatttcataacagatgcgcaaacaggttcatctaagtgtgtgtgttctgttattgatttattacttgatgattttgttg aaataataaaatcccaagatttatctgtagtttctaaggttgtcaaagtgactattgactatacagaaatttcatttatgctttggtgtaaagatggccatgt agaaacatttacccaaaattacaatctagtcaagcgtggcaaccgggtgttgctatgcctaatctttacaaaatgcaaagaatgctattagaaaagtgt gaccttcaaaattatggtgatagtgcaacattacctaaaggcataatgatgaatgtcgcaaaatatactcaactgtgtcaatatttaaacacattaacatt agctgtaccctataatatgagagttatacattttggtgctggttctgataaaggagttgcaccaggtacagctgttttaagacagtggttgcctacgggt acgctgcttgtcgattcagatcttaatgactttgtctctgatgcagattcaactttgattggtgattgtgcaactgtacatacagctaataaatgggatctca ttattagtgatatgtacgaccctaagactaaaaatgttacaaaagaaaatgactctaaagagggttttttcacttacatttgtgggtttatacaacaaaagc tagctcttggaggttccgtggctataaagataacagaacattcttggaatgctgatctttataagctcatgggacacttcgcatggtggacagcctttgtt actaatgtgaatgcgtcatcatctgaagcatttttaattggatgtaattatcttggcaaaccacgcgaacaaatagatggttatgtcatgcatgcaaattac atattttggaggaatacaaatccaattcagttgtcttcctattctttattgacatgagtaaatttccccttaaattaaggggtactgctgttatgtctttaaaa gaaggtcaaatcaatgatatgattttatctcttcttagtaaaggtagacttataattagagaaaacaacagagttgttatttctagtgatgttcttgttaacaa ctaaacgaacaatgtttgtttttcttgttttattgccactagtctctagtcagtgtgttaatcttacaaccagaactcaattaccccctgcatacactaattcttt cacacgtggtgtttattaccctgacaaagttttcagatcctcagttttacattcaactcaggacttgttcttacctttcttttccaatgttacttggttccatgct atacatgtctctgggaccaatggtactaagaggttgataaccctgtcctaccatttaatgatggtgttattttgcttccaTtgagaagtctaacataata agaggctggatttttggtactactttagattcgaagacccagtccctacttattgttaataacgctactaatgttgttattaaagtctgtgaatttcaattttgt aatgatccatttttgggtgtttattaccacaaaaacaacaaaagttggatggaaagtgagttcagagtttattctagtgcgaataattgcacttttgaatat gtctctcagccttttcttatggaccttgaaggaaaacagggtaatttcaaaaatcttagggaattgtgtttaagaatattgatggttattttaaaatatattct aagcacacgcctattaatttagtgcgtgatctccctcagggtttttcggctttagaaccattggtagatttgccaataggtattaacatcactaggtttcaa acttacttgctttacGtagaagttatttgactcctggtgattcttcttcaggttggacagctggtgctgcagcttattatgtgggttatcttcaacctagga cttttctattaaaatataatgaaaatggaaccattacagatgctgtagactgtgcacttgaccctctctcagaaacaaagtgtacgttgaaatccttcactg tagaaaaaggaatctatcaaacttctaactttagagtccaaccaacagaatctattgttagatttcctaatattacaaacttgtgcccttttggtgaagttttt aacgccaccagatttgcatctgtttatgcttggaacaggaagagaatcagcaactgtgttgctgattattctgtcctatataattccgcatcattttccactt ttaagtgttatggagtgtctcctactaaattaaatgatctctgctttactaatgtctatgcagattcatttgtaattagaggtgatgaagtcagacaaatcgct ccagggcaaactggaaagattgctgattataattataaattaccagatgattttacaggctgcgttatagcttggaattctaacaatcttgattctaaggtt ggtggtaattataattacctgtatagattgtttaggaagtctaatctcaaaccttttgagagagatatttcaactgaaatctatcaggccggtagcacacct tgtaatggtgttgaaggtttaattgttactttcctttacaatcatatggtttccaacccactaatggtgttggttaccaaccatacagagtagtagtactttct tttgaacttctacatgcaccagcaactgtttgtggacctaaaaagtctactaattggttaaaaacaaatgtgtcaatttcaacttcaatggttaacaggc acaggtgttcttactgagtctaacaaaaagtttctgcctttccaacaatttggcagagacattgctgacactactgatgctgtccgtgatccacagacac ttgagattcttgacattacaccatgttcttttggtggtgtcagtgttataacaccaggaacaaatacttctaaccaggttgctgttcttatcaggatgttaac tgcacagaagtccctgttgctattcatgcagatcaacttactcctacttggcgtgtttattctacaggttctaatgtttttcaaacacgtgcaggctgtttaat aggggctgaacatgtcaacaactcatatgagtgtgacatacccattggtgcaggtatatgcgctagttatcagactcagcaatccatcattgcctacac tatgtcacttggtgcagaaaattcagttgcttactctaataactctattgccatacccacaaatttactattagtgttaccacagaaattctaccagtgtcta tgaccaagacatcagtagattgtacaatgtacatttgtggtgattcaactgaatgcagcaatcttttgttgcaatatggcagtttttgtacacaattaaacc gtgctttaactggaatagctgttgaacaagacaaaaacacccaagaagtttttgcacaagtcaaacaaatttacaaaacaccaccaattaaagattttg gtggttttaatttttcacaaatattaccagatccatcaaaaccaagcaagaggtcatttattgaagatctacttttcaacaaagtgacacttgcagatgctg gcttcatcaaacaatatggtgattgccttggtgatattgctgctagagatctcatttgcgctcaaaaatttaacggacttacagttttaccacctttacttact gacgaaatgattgcgcaatatacatccgcattgttagccggaactattacatccggatggacttttggcgcaggcgTagcattacagattccattcgc tatgcaaatggcttataggtttaacggtataggcgttacgcaaaacgtactttatgagaatcaaaaacttatcgctaaccaatttaattccgctatcggta agattcaggattcattgtctagtactgctagtgcactcggtaagttgcaagacgtagtgaatcaaaacgctcaagcacttaatacactcgttaaacagct tagttctaattttggcgcaatttctagtgtgcttaacgatatactatctagactcgataaagtcgaagccgaagtgcaaatcgatagattgattaccggta ggttgcaatcattgcaaacatacgttacacagcaattgattagggccgcagagatacgcgctagcgctaatctcgcagctactaaaatgtctgaatgc gtactcggacaatctaaacgtgtcgatttttgcggtaagggatatcatcttatgtcttttccacaatctgcacctcacggagtcgtgttttacacgttactt atgtgccagctcaagagaaaaattttacaaccgctcctgctatttgtcatgacggtaaggcacattttcctagagagggcgtattcgtttctaacggtac acattggttcgttacacaacgtaatttttacgaacctcaaattattactactgataatacattcgtatcaggtaattgtgacgtagtgataggtatcgttaata atacagtttacgatccacttcaacctgaactcgatagttttaaagaggaactcgataagtattttaaaaatcatacatcacctgacgtcgacttaggcgat atttcaggtattaacgctagtgtcgttaacattcaaaaagagattgatagacttaacgaagtcgctaaaaatcttaacgaatcacttatcgatctgcaaga gttaggtaagtatgagcaatatattaaatggccttggtatattggttaggcttatagccggattgatcgcaatcgttatggttacaattatgttatgttgta tgacatcatgttgttcatgtcttaagggatgttgttcatgcggatcatgttgtaaatttgacgaagacgattccgaaccagtgcttaaaggcgttaagtta cattatacataaacgaacttatggatttgtttatgagaatcttcacaattggaactgtaactttgaagcaaggtgaaatcaaggatgctactccttcagatt ttgttcgcgctactgcaacgataccgatacaagcctcactccctttcggatggcttattgttggcgttgcacttcttgctgtttttcagagcgcttccaaaa tcataaccctcaaaaagagatggcaactagcactctccaagggtgttcactttgtttgcaacttgctgttgttgttgtaacagtttactcacaccttttgct cgttgctgctggccttgaagccccttttctctatctttatgcttagtctacttcttgcagagtataaactttgtaagaataataatgaggctttggcttgctg gaaatgccgttccaaaaacccattacttatgatgccaactattttctttgctggcatactaattgttacgactattgtataccttacaatagtgtaacttcttc aattgtcattacttcaggtgatggcacaacaagtcctatttctgaacatgactaccagattggtggttatactgaaaaatgggaatctggagtaaaagac tgtgttgtattacacagttacttcacttcagactattaccagctgtactcaactcaattgagtacagacactggtgttgaacatgttaccttcttcatctacaa taaaattgttgatgagcctgaagaacatgtccaaattcacacaatcgacggttcatccggagttgttaatccagtaatggaaccaattatgatgaaccg acgacgactactagcgtgcctttgtaagcacaagctgatgagtacgaacttatgtactcattcgtttcggaagagacaggtacgttaatagttaatagc gtacttctttttcttgctttcgtggtattcttgctagttacactagccatccttactgcgcttcgattgtgtgcgtactgctgcaatattgttaacgtgagtcttg taaaaccttctttttacgtttactctcgtgttaaaaatctgaattcttctagagttcctgatcttctggtctaaacgaactaaatattatattagtttttctgtttgg aactttaatttagccatggcagattccaacggtactattaccgttgaagagcttaaaaagctccttgaacaatggaacctagtaataggtttcctattcct tacatggattgtcttctacaattgcctatgccaacaggaataggtttttgtatataattaagttaattttcctctggctgttatggccagtaactttagcttgt tttgtgcttgctgctgttacagaataaattggatcaccggtggaattgctatcgcaatggcttgtcttgtaggcttgatgtggctcagctacttcattgctt ctttcagactgtttgcgcgtacgcgttccatgtggtcattcaatccagaaactaacattcttctcaacgtgccactccatggcactattctgaccagaccg cttctagaaagtgaactcgtaatcggagctgtgatccttcgtggacatcttcgtattgctggacaccatctaggacgctgtgacatcaaggacctgcct aaagaaatcactgttgctacatcacgaacgctttcttattacaaattgggagcttcgcagcgtgtagcaggtgactcaggtttgctgcatacagtcgct acaggattggcaactataaattaaacacagaccattccagtagcagtgacaatattgcttgcttgtacagtaagtgacaacagatgtttcatctcgttg actttcaggttactatagcagagatattactaattattatgaggacttttaaagtttccatttggaatcttgattacatcataaacctcataattaaaaatttatc taagtcactaactgagaataaatattctcaattagatgaagagcaaccaatggagattgattaaacgaacatgaaaattattcttttcttggcactgataa cactcgctacttgtgagctttatcactaccaagagtgtgttagaggtacaacagtacttttaaaagaaccttgctcttctggaacatacgagggcaattc accatttcatcctctagctgataacaaatttgcactgacttgctttagcactcaatttgctttgcttgtcctgacggcgtaaaacacgtctatcagttacgt gccagatcagtttcacctaaactgttcatcagacaagaggaagttcaagaacttactctccaatttttcttattgttgcggcaatagtgtttataacacttt gcttcacactcaaaagaaagacagaatgattgaactttcattaattgacttctatttgtgcttttagcctttctgctattccttgttttaattatgcttattatcttt tggttctcacttgaactgcaagatcataatgaaacttgtcacgcctaaacgaacatgaaatttcttgttttcttaggaatcatcacaactgtagctgcatttc accaagaatgtagtttacagtcatgtactcaacatcaaccatatgtagttgatgacccgtgtcctattcacttctattctaaatggtatattagagtaggag ctagaaaatcagcacctttaattgaattgtgcgtggatgaggctggttctaaatcacccattcagtacatcgatatcggtaattatacagtttcctgttcac cttttacaattaattgccaggaacctaaattgggtagtcttgtagtgcgttgttcgttctatgaagacttttagagtatcatgacgttcgtgttgtttagattt catctaaacgaacaaactaaaatgtctgataatggaccccaaaatcagcgaaatgcaccccgcattacgtttggtggaccctcagattcaactggca gtaaccagaatggagaacgcagtggggcgcgatcaaaacaacgtcggccccaaggttacccaataatactgcgtcttggttcaccgctctcactc aacatggcaaggaagaccttaaattccctcgaggacaaggcgttccaattaacaccaatagcagtccagatgaccaaattggctactaccgaagag ctaccagacgaattcgtggtggtgacggtaaaatgaaagatctcagtccaagatggtatttctactacctaggaactgggccagaagctggacttcc ctatggtgctaacaaagacggcatcatatgggttgcaactgagggagccttgaatacaccaaaagatcacattggcacccgcaatcctgctaacaat gctgcaatcgtgctacaacttcctcaaggaacaacattgccaaaaggcttctacgcagaagggagcagaggcggcagtcaagcctcttctcgttcct catcacgtagtcgcaacagttcaagaaattcaactccaggcagcagtaggggaacttctcctgctagaatggctggcaatggcggtgatgctgctct tgctttgctgctgcttgacagattgaaccagcttgagagcaaaatgtctggtaaaggccaacaacaacaaggccaaactgtcactaagaaatctgct gctgaggcttctaagaagcctcggcaaaaacgtactgccactaaagcatacaatgtaacacaagctttcggcagacgtggtccagaacaaaccca aggaaattttggggaccaggaactaatcagacaaggaactgattacaaacattggccgcaaattgcacaatttgcccccagcgcttcagcgttcttc ggaatgtcgcgcattggcatggaagtcacaccttcgggaacgtggttgacctacacaggtgccatcaaattggatgacaaagatccaaatttcaaag atcaagtcattttgctgaataagcatattgacgcatacaaaacattcccaccaacagagcctaaaaaggacaaaaagaagaaggctgatgaaactca agccttaccgcagagacagaagaaacagcaaactgtgactcttcttcctgctgcagatttggatgatttctccaaacaattgcaacaatccatgagca gtgctgactcaactcaggcctaaactcatgcagaccacacaaggcagatgggctatataaacgttttcgcttttccgtttacgatatatagtctactcttg tgcagaatgaattctcgtaactacatagcacaagtagatgtagttaacttaatctcacatagcaatcttaatcagtgtgtaacattagggaggacttga aagagccaccacattttcaccgaggccacgcggagtacgatcgagtgtacagtgaacaatgctagggagagctgcctatatggaagagccctaat gtgtaaaattaattttagtagtgctatccccatgtgatttaatagcttcttaggagaatgacAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

[00242] In various embodiments, in reference to SEQ ID NO:4, a mutation occurs at 3009 T to A

(lie to Lys): [3009 : 3009]; 9199 C to T silent: [9199 : 9199]; 11524 C to T silent: [11524 : 11524];

16388 G to A (Ser to Asn): [16388 : 16388]; 21846 t to C (lie to Thr): [21846 : 21846]; 22296 g to A

(Arg to His): [22296 : 22296]; 24201 T to C (Val to Ala): [24237 : 24237]; and/or 36 nt addition of actaattctcctcggcgggcacgtagtgtagctagt (SEQ ID NO:5): [23594]

[00243] SEQ ID NO:6 (recoded spike protein in comparison to USA/WA1/2020 wild-type spike).

MFVFLVLLPLVSSQCVNLTTRTQLPPAYTNSFTRGVYYPDKVFRSSVLHSTQDLFLPFFSNVT

WFHAIHVSGTNGTKRFDNPVFPFNDGVYFASIEKSNIIRGWIFGTTFDSKTQSFFIVNNATNVV

IKVCEFQFCNDPFFGVYYHKNNKSWMESEFRVYSSANNCTFEYVSQPFFMDFEGKQGNFKN

LREFVFKNIDGYFKIYSKHTPINLVRDLPQGFSALEPLVDLPIGINITRFQTLLALRRSYLTPGDS

SSGWTAGAAAYYVGYLQPRTFLLKYNENGTITDAVDCALDPLSETKCTLKSFTVEKGIYQTS

NFRVQPTESIVRFPNITNLCPFGEVFNATRFASVYAWNRKRISNCVADYSVLYNSASFSTFKC

YGVSPTKLNDLCFTNVYADSFVIRGDEVRQIAPGQTGKIADYNYKLPDDFTGCVIAWNSNNL

D SKV GGNYNYLYRLFRKSNLKPFERDI STEIY Q AGSTPCNGVEGFN CYFPLQ SY GF QPTNGV G

YQPYRVVVLSFELLHAPATVCGPKKSTNLVKNKCVNFNFNGLTGTGVLTESNKKFLPFQQFG

RDIADTTDAVRDPQTLEILDITPCSFGGV SVITPGTNTSNQVAVLY QDVNCTEVPVAIHADQL

TPTWRVYSTGSNVFQTRAGCLIGAEHVNNSYECDIPIGAGICASYQTQQSIIAYTMSLGAENS

VAYSNNSIAIPTNFTISVTTEILPVSMTKTSVDCTMYICGDSTECSNLLLQYGSFCTQLNRALT

GIAVEQDKNTQEVFAQVKQIYKTPPIKDFGGFNFSQILPDPSKPSKRSFIEDLLFNKVTLADAG

FIKQYGDCLGDIAARDLICAQKFNGLTVLPPLLTDEMIAQYTSALLAGTITSGWTFGAGVALQ

IPFAMQMAYRFNGIGVTQNVLYENQKLIANQFNSAIGKIQDSLSSTASALGKLQDVVNQNAQ

ALNTLVKQLSSNFGAISSVLNDILSRLDKVEAEVQIDRLITGRLQSLQTYVTQQLIRAAEIRAS

ANLAATKMSECVLGQSKRVDFCGKGYHLMSFPQSAPHGVVFLHVTYVPAQEKNFTTAPAIC

HDGKAHFPREGVFV SNGTHWFVTQRNFYEPQIITTDNTFV SGNCDVVIGIVNNTVYDPLQPEL

DSFKEELDKYFKNHTSPDVDLGDISGINASVVNIQKEIDRLNEVAKNLNESLIDLQELGKYEQ YIKWPWYIWLGFI AGLIAIVMVTIMLCCMTS CC SCLKGCC S CGS CCKFDEDD SEP VLKGVKL HYT

SEQ ID NO:7 - (Deoptimized SARS-CoV-2); 29853bp, furin cleavage site removed attaaaggtttataccttcccaggtaacaaaccaaccaactttcgatctcttgtagatctgttctctaaacgaactttaaaatctgtgtggctgtcactcgg ctgcatgcttagtgcactcacgcagtataattaataactaattactgtcgttgacaggacacgagtaactcgtctatcttctgcaggctgcttacggtttc gtccgtgttgcagccgatcatcagcacatctaggtttcgtccgggtgtgaccgaaaggtaagatggagagccttgtccctggtttcaacgagaaaac acacgtccaactcagtttgcctgttttacaggttcgcgacgtgctcgtacgtggctttggagactccgtggaggaggtcttatcagaggcacgtcaac atcttaaagatggcacttgtggcttagtagaagttgaaaaaggcgttttgcctcaacttgaacagccctatgtgttcatcaaacgttcggatgctcgaac tgcacctcatggtcatgttatggttgagctggtagcagaactcgaaggcattcagtacggtcgtagtggtgagacacttggtgtccttgtccctcatgt gggcgaaataccagtggcttaccgcaaggttcttcttcgtaagaacggtaataaaggagctggtggccatagttacggcgccgatctaaagtcattt gacttaggcgacgagcttggcactgatccttatgaagattttcaagaaaactggaacactaaacatagcagtggtgttacccgtgaactcatgcgtga gcttaacggaggggcatacactcgctatgtcgataacaacttctgtggccctgatggctaccctcttgagtgcattaaagaccttctagcacgtgctg gtaaagcttcatgcactttgtccgaacaactggactttattgacactaagaggggtgtatactgctgccgtgaacatgagcatgaaattgcttggtaca cggaacgttctgaaaagagctatgaattgcagacaccttttgaaattaaattggcaaagaaatttgacaccttcaatggggaatgtccaaattttgtattt cccttaaattccataatcaagactattcaaccaagggttgaaaagaaaaagcttgatggctttatgggtagaattcgatctgtctatccagttgcgtcac caaatgaatgcaaccaaatgtgcctttcaactctcatgaagtgtgatcattgtggtgaaacttcatggcagacgggcgattttgttaaagccacttgcg aattttgtggcactgagaatttgactaaagaaggtgccactacttgtggttacttaccccaaaatgctgttgttaaaatttattgtccagcatgtcacaattc agaagtaggacctgagcatagtcttgccgaataccataatgaatctggcttgaaaaccattcttcgtaagggtggtcgcactattgcctttggaggctg tgtgttctcttatgttggttgccataacaagtgtgcctattgggttccacgtgctagcgctaacataggttgtaaccatacaggtgttgttggagaaggtt ccgaaggtcttaatgacaaccttcttgaaatactccaaaaagagaaagtcaacatcaatattgttggtgactttaaacttaatgaagagatcgccattatt ttggcatctttttctgcttccacaagtgcttttgtggaaactgtgaaaggtttggattataaagcattcaaacaaattgttgaatcctgtggtaattttaaagtt acaaaaggaaaagctaaaaaaggtgcctggaatattggtgaacagaaatcaatactgagtcctctttatgcatttgcatcagaggctgctcgtgttgta cgatcaattttctcccgcactcttgaaactgctcaaaattctgtgcgtgttttacagaaggccgctataacaatactagatggaatttcacagtattcactg agactcattgatgctatgatgttcacatctgatttggctactaacaatctagttgtaatggcctacattacaggtggtgttgttcagttgacttcgcagtgg ctaactaacatctttggcactgtttatgaaaaactcaaacccgtccttgattggcttgaagagaagtttaaggaaggtgtagagtttcttagagacggtt gggaaattgttaaatttatctcaacctgtgcttgtgaaattgtcggtggacaaattgtcacctgtgcaaaggaaattaaggagagtgttcagacattcttt aagcttgtaaataaatttttggctttgtgtgctgactctatcattattggtggagctaaacttaaagccttgaatttaggtgaaacatttgtcacgcactcaa agggattgtacagaaagtgtgttaaatccagagaagaaactggcctactcatgcctctaaaagccccaaaagaaattatcttcttagagggagaaac acttcccacagaagtgttaacagaggaagttgtcttgaaaactggtgatttacaaccattagaacaacctactagtgaagctgttgaagctccattggtt ggtacaccagtttgtattaacgggcttatgttgctcgaaatcaaagacacagaaaagtactgtgcccttgcacctaatatgatggtaacaaacaatacc ttcacactcaaaggcggtgcaccaacaaaggttacttttggtgatgacactgtgatagaagtgcaaggttacaagagtgtgaatatcacttttgaactt gatgaaaggattgataaagtacttaatgagaagtgctctgcctatacagttgaactcggtacagaagtaaatgagttcgcctgtgttgtggcagatgct gtcataaaaactttgcaaccagtatctgaattacttacaccactgggcattgatttagatgagtggagtatggctacatactacttatttgatgagtctggt gagtttaaattggcttcacatatgtattgttctttctaccctccagatgaggatgaagaagaaggtgattgtgaagaagaagagtttgagccatcaactc aatatgagtatggtactgaagatgattaccaaggtaaacctttggaatttggtgccacttctgctgctcttcaacctgaagaagagcaagaagaagatt ggttagatgatgatagtcaacaaactgttggtcaacaagacggcagtgaggacaatcagacaactactattcaaacaattgttgaggttcaacctcaa ttagagatggaacttacaccagttgttcagactattgaagtgaatagttttagtggttatttaaaacttactgacaatgtatacattaaaaatgcagacattg tggaagaagctaaaaaggtaaaaccaacagtggttgttaatgcagccaatgtttaccttaaacatggaggaggtgttgcaggagccttaaataaggc tactaacaatgccatgcaagttgaatctgatgattacatagctactaatggaccacttaaagtgggtggtagttgtgttttaagcggacacaatcttgcta aacactgtcttcatgttgtcggcccaaatgttaacaaaggtgaagacattcaacttcttaagagtgcttatgaaaattttaatcagcacgaagttctacttg caccattattatcagctggtatttttggtgctgaccctatacattctttaagagtttgtgtagatactgttcgcacaaatgtctacttagctgtctttgataaaa atctctatgacaaacttgtttcaagctttttggaaatgaagagtgaaaagcaagttgaacaaaagatcgctgagattcctaaagaggaagttaagccat ttataactgaaagtaaaccttcagttgaacagagaaaacaagatgataagaaaatcaaagcttgtgttgaagaagttacaacaactctggaagaaact aagttcctcacagaaaacttgttactttatattgacattaatggcaatcttcatccagattctgccactcttgttagtgacattgacatcactttcttaaagaa agatgctccatatatagtgggtgatgttgttcaagagggtgttttaactgctgtggttatacctactaaaaaggctggtggcactactgaaatgctagcg aaagctttgagaaaagtgccaacagacaattatataaccacttacccgggtcagggtttaaatggttacactgtagaggaggcaaagacagtgctta aaaagtgtaaaagtgccttttacattctaccatctattatctctaatgagaagcaagaaattcttggaactgtttcttggaatttgcgagaaatgcttgcac atgcagaagaaacacgcaaattaatgcctgtctgtgtggaaactaaagccatagtttcaactatacagcgtaaatataagggtattaaaatacaagag ggtgtggttgattatggtgctagattttacttttacaccagtaaaacaactgtagcgtcacttatcaacacacttaacgatctaaatgaaactcttgttacaa tgccacttggctatgtaacacatggcttaaatttggaagaagctgctcggtatatgagatctctcaaagtgccagctacagtttctgtttcttcacctgat gctgttacagcgtataatggttatcttacttcttcttctaaaacacctgaagaacattttattgaaaccatctcacttgctggttcctataaagattggtcctat tctggacaatctacacaactaggtatagaatttcttaagagaggtgataaaagtgtatattacactagtaatcctaccacattccacctagatggtgaagt tatcacctttgacaatcttaagacacttctttctttgagagaagtgaggactattaaggtgtttacaacagtagacaacattaacctccacacgcaagttg tggacatgtcaatgacatatggacaacagtttggtccaacttattggatggagctgatgttactaaaataaaacctcataattcacatgaaggtaaaac attttatgttttacctaatgatgacactctacgtgttgaggctttgagtactaccacacaactgatcctagttttctgggtaggtacatgtcagcattaaatc acactaaaaagtggaaatacccacaagttaatggtttaacttctattaaatgggcagataacaactgttatcttgccactgcattgttaacactccaacaa atagagttgaagtttaatccacctgctctacaagatgcttattacagagcaagggctggtgaagctgctaacttttgtgcacttatcttagcctactgtaat aagacagtaggtgagttaggtgatgttagagaaacaatgagttacttgtttcaacatgccaatttagattcttgcaaaagagtcttgaacgtggtgtgta aaacttgtggacaacagcagacaacccttaagggtgtagaagctgttatgtacatgggcacactttcttatgaacaatttaagaaaggtgttcagatac cttgtacgtgtggtaaacaagctacaaaatatctagtacaacaggagtcaccttttgttatgatgtcagcaccacctgctcagtatgaacttaagcatgg tacatttacttgtgctagtgagtacactggtaattaccagtgtggtcactataaacatataacttctaaagaaactttgtattgcatagacggtgcttactt acaaagtcctcagaatacaaaggtcctattacggatgttttctacaaagaaaacagttacacaacaaccataaaaccagttacttataaattggatggt gttgtttgtacagaaattgaccctaagttggacaattattataagaaagacaattcttatttcacagagcaaccaattgatcttgtaccaaaccaaccatat ccaaacgcaagcttcgataatttaagtttgtatgtgataatatcaaattgctgatgatttaaaccagttaactggttataagaaacctgcttcaagagag cttaaagttacatttttccctgacttaaatggtgatgtggtggctattgattataaacactacacaccctcttttaagaaaggagctaaattgttacataaac ctattgtttggcatgttaacaatgcaactaataaagccacgtataaaccaaatacctggtgtatacgttgtctttggagcacaaaaccagttgaaacatc aaattcgttgatgtactgaagtcagaggacgcgcagggaatggataatcttgcctgcgaagatctaaaaccagtctctgaagaagtagtggaaaat cctaccatacagaaagacgttcttgagtgtaatgtgaaaactaccgaagttgtaggagacattatacttaaaccagcaaataatagtttaaaaattacag aagaggttggccacacagatctaatggctgcttatgtagacaattctagtcttactattaagaaacctaatgaattatctagagtattaggtttgaaaacc cttgctactcatggtttagctgctgttaatagtgtcccttgggatactatagctaattatgctaagccttttcttaacaaagttgttagtacaactactaacat agttacacggtgtttaaaccgtgtttgtactaattatatgccttatttctttactttattgctacaattgtgtactttactagaagtacaaattctagaattaaag catctatgccgactactatagcaaagaatactgttaagagtgtcggtaaattttgtctagaggcttcattaattatttgaagtcacctaatttttctaaactg ataaatattataatttggtttttactattaagtgtttgcctaggttctttaatctactcaaccgctgctttaggtgttttaatgtctaatttaggcatgccttcttact gtactggttacagagaaggctatttgaactctactaatgtcactattgcaacctactgtactggttctataccttgtagtgttgtcttagtggtttagattctt tagacacctatccttctttagaaactatacaaattaccatttcatcttttaaatgggatttaactgcttttggcttagttgcagagtggtttttggcatatattctt ttcactaggtttttctatgtacttggattggctgcaatcatgcaattgtttttcagctatttgcagtacatttattagtaattcttggcttatgtggttaataatta atcttgtacaaatggccccgatttcagctatggttagaatgtacatcttctttgcatcattttattatgtatggaaaagttatgtgcatgttgtagacggttgt aattcatcaacttgtatgatgtgttacaaacgtaatagagcaacaagagtcgaatgtacaactattgttaatggtgttagaaggtccttttatgtctatgct aatggaggtaaaggcttttgcaaactacacaattggaattgtgttaattgtgatacattctgtgctggtagtacatttattagtgatgaagttgcgagaga cttgtcactacagtttaaaagaccaataaatcctactgaccagtcttcttacatcgttgatagtgttacagtgaagaatggttccatccatctttactttgata aagctggtcaaaagacttatgaaagacattctctctctcattttgttaacttagacaacctgagagctaataacactaaaggttcattgcctattaatgttat agttttgatggtaaatcaaaatgtgaagaatcatctgcaaaatcagcgtctgtttactacagtcagcttatgtgtcaacctatactgttactagatcaggc attagtgtctgatgttggtgatagtgcggaagttgcagttaaaatgtttgatgcttacgttaatacgttttcatcaacttttaacgtaccaatggaaaaactc aaaacactagttgcaactgcagaagctgaacttgcaaagaatgtgtccttagacaatgtcttatctacttttatttcagcagctcggcaagggtttgttga ttcagatgtagaaactaaagatgttgttgaatgtcttaaattgtcacatcaatctgacatagaagttactggcgatagttgtaataactatatgctcacctat aacaaagttgaaaacatgacaccccgtgaccttggtgcttgtattgactgtagtgcgcgtcatattaatgcgcaggtagcaaaaagtcacaacattgct ttgatatggaacgttaaagatttcatgtcattgtctgaacaactacgaaaacaaatacgtagtgctgctaaaaagaataacttacctttaagttgacatgt gcaactactagacaagttgttaatgttgtaacaacaaagatagcacttaagggtggtaaaattgttaataattggttgaagcagttaattaaagttacact tgtgttcctttttgttgctgctattttctatttaataacacctgttcatgtcatgtctaaacatactgacttttcaagtgaaatcataggatacaaggctattgat ggtggtgtcactcgtgacatagcatctacagatacttgttttgctaacaaacatgctgattttgacacatggtttagtcagcgtggtggtagttatactaat gacaaagcttgcccattgattgctgcagtcataacaagagaagtgggtttgtcgtgcctggtttgcctggcacgatattacgcacaactaatggtgac tttttgcatttcttacctagagtttttagtgcagttggtaacatctgttacacaccatcaaaacttatagagtacactgactttgcaacatcagcttgtgtttg gctgctgaatgtacaatttttaaagatgcttctggtaagccagtaccatattgttatgataccaatgtactagaaggttctgttgcttatgaaagtttacgcc ctgacacacgttatgtgctcatggatggctctattattcaatttcctaacacctaccttgaaggttctgttagagtggtaacaacttttgattctgagtactgt aggcacggcacttgtgaaagatcagaagctggtgtttgtgtatctactagtggtagatgggtacttaacaatgattattacagatctttaccaggagtttt ctgtggtgtagatgctgtaaattacttactaatatgtttacaccactaattcaacctattggtgcttggacatatcagcatctatagtagctggtggtattg tagctatcgtagtaacatgccttgcctactattttatgaggtttagaagagctttggtgaatacagtcatgtagttgccttaatacttactattccttatgtc attcactgtactctgtttaacaccagtttactcattcttacctggtgtttattctgttatttacttgtacttgacatttatcttactaatgatgtttcttttttagcaca tattcagtggatggttatgttcacaccttagtacctttctggataacaattgcttatatcatttgtatttccacaaagcatttctattggttctttagtaattacct aaagagacgtgtagtctttaatggtgtttccttagtacttttgaagaagctgcgctgtgcacctttttgttaaataaagaaatgtatctaaagttgcgtagt gatgtgctattacctcttacgcaatataatagatacttagctctttataataagtacaagtattttagtggagcaatggatacaactagctacagagaagct gcttgttgtcatctcgcaaaggctctcaatgacttcagtaactcaggttctgatgttctttaccaaccaccacaaacctctatcacctcagctgtttgcag agtggttttagaaaaatggcattcccatctggtaaagttgagggttgtatggtacaagtaacttgtggtacaactacacttaacggtctttggcttgatga cgtagtttactgtccaagacatgtgatctgcacctctgaagacatgcttaaccctaattatgaagatttactcattcgtaagtctaatcataatttcttggta caggctggtaatgttcaactcagggttattggacattctatgcaaaattgtgtacttaagcttaaggttgatacagccaatcctaagacacctaagtataa gtttgttcgcattcaaccaggacagactttttcagtgttagcttgttacaatggttcaccatctggtgtttaccaatgtgctatgaggcccaatttcactatta agggttcattccttaatggttcatgtggtagtgttggttttaacatagattatgactgtgtctctttttgttacatgcaccatatggaattaccaactggagttc atgctggcacagacttagaaggtaactttatggaccttttgttgacaggcaaacagcacaagcagctggtacggacacaactattacagttaatgtttt agcttggttgtacgctgctgttataaatggagacaggtggtttctcaatcgatttaccacaactcttaatgactttaaccttgtggctatgaagtacaattat gaacctctaacacaagaccatgttgacatactaggacctctttctgctcaaactggaattgccgttttagatatgtgtgcttcattaaaagaattactgca aaatggtatgaatggacgtaccatattgggtagtgcttattagaagatgaatttacaccttttgatgttgttagacaatgctcaggtgttactttccaaagt gcagtgaaaagaacaatcaagggtacacaccactggttgttactcacaattttgacttcacttttagttttagtccagagtactcaatggtctttgttcttttt tttgtatgaaaatgcctttttaccttttgctatgggtattattgctatgtctgcttttgcaatgatgttgtcaaacataagcatgcatttctctgttgtttttgtta ccttctcttgccactgtagcttattttaatatggtctatatgcctgctagttgggtgatgcgtattatgacatggttggatatggttgatactagttgtctggt tttaagctaaaagactgtgttatgtatgcatcagctgtagtgttactaatccttatgacagcaagaactgtgtatgatgatggtgctaggagagtgtgga cacttatgaatgtcttgacactcgttataaagtttattatggtaatgcttagatcaagccatttccatgtgggctcttataatctctgttacttctaactactc aggtgtagttacaactgtcatgtttttggccagaggtattgtttttatgtgtgttgagtattgccctattttcttcataactggtaatacacttcagtgtataatg ctagtttattgtttcttaggctatttttgtacttgttacttggcctcttttgtttactcaaccgctactttagactgactcttggtgttatgattacttagtttctac acaggagtttagatatatgaattcacagggactactcccacccaagaatagcatagatgccttcaaactcaacattaaattgttgggtgttggtggcaa accttgtatcaaagtagccactgtacagtctaaaatgtcagatgtaaagtgcacatcagtagtcttactctcagtttgcaacaactcagagtagaatcat catctaaattgtgggctcaatgtgtccagttacacaatgacattctcttagctaaagatactactgaagcctttgaaaaaatggtttcactactttctgttttg ctttccatgcagggtgctgtagacataaacaagctttgtgaagaaatgctggacaacagggcaaccttacaagctatagcctcagagtttagttccctt ccatcatatgcagcttttgctactgctcaagaagcttatgagcaggctgttgctaatggtgattctgaagttgttcttaaaaagttgaagaagtctttgaat gtggctaaatctgaatttgaccgtgatgcagccatgcaacgtaagttggaaaagatggctgatcaagctatgacccaaatgtataaacaggctagatc tgaggacaagagggcaaaagttactagtgctatgcagacaatgcttttcactatgcttagaaagttggataatgatgcactcaacaacattatcaacaa tgcaagagatggttgtgttcccttgaacataatacctcttacaacagcagccaaactaatggttgtcataccagactataacacatataaaaatacgtgt gatggtacaacatttacttatgcatcagcattgtgggaaatccaacaggttgtagatgcagatagtaaaattgttcaacttagtgaaattagtatggaca attcacctaattagcatggcctcttattgtaacagctttaagggccaattctgctgtcaaattacagaataatgagcttagtcctgttgcactacgacaga tgtcttgtgctgccggtactacacaaactgcttgcactgatgacaatgcgttagcttactacaacacaacaaagggaggtaggtttgtacttgcactgtt atccgatttacaggattgaaatgggctagattccctaagagtgatggaactggtactatctatacagaactggaaccaccttgtaggttgttacagac acacctaaaggtcctaaagtgaagtatttatactttattaaaggattaaacaacctaaatagaggtatggtacttggtagtttagctgccacagtacgtct acaagctggtaatgcaacagaagtgcctgccaattcaactgtattatctttctgtgcttttgctgtagatgctgctaaagcttacaaagattatctagctag tgggggacaaccaatcactaattgtgttaagatgttgtgtacacacactggtactggtcaggcaataacagttacaccggaagccaatatggatcaag aatcctttggtggtgcatcgtgttgtctgtactgccgttgccacatagatcatccaaatcctaaaggattttgtgacttaaaaggtaagtatgtacaaatac ctacaacttgtgctaatgaccctgtgggttttacacttaaaaacacagtctgtaccgtctgcggtatgtggaaaggttatggctgtagttgtgatcaactc cgcgaacccatgcttcagtcagctgatgcacaatcgtttttaaacgggtttgcggtgtaagtgcagcccgtcttacaccgtgcggcacaggcactagt actgatgtcgtatacagggcttttgacatctacaatgataaagtagctggttttgctaaattcctaaaaactaattgttgtcgcttccaagaaaaggacga agatgacaattaattgattcttactttgtagttaagagacacactttctctaactaccaacatgaagaaacaattataatttacttaaggattgtccagctg ttgctaaacatgacttctttaagtttagaatagacggtgacatggtaccacatatatcacgtcaacgtcttactaaatacacaatggcagacctcgtctat gctttaaggcattttgatgaaggtaattgtgacacattaaaagaaatacttgtcacatacaattgttgtgatgatgattatttcaataaaaaggactggtat gattttgtagaaaacccagatatattacgcgtatacgccaacttaggtgaacgtgtacgccaagctttgttaaaaacagtacaattctgtgatgccatgc gaaatgctggtattgttggtgtactgacattagataatcaagatctcaatggtaactggtatgatttcggtgatttcatacaaaccacgccaggtagtgg agttcctgttgtagattcttattattcattgttaatgcctatattaaccttgaccagggctttaactgcagagtcacatgttgacactgacttaacaaagcctt acattaagtgggatttgttaaaatatgacttcacggaagagaggttaaaactctttgaccgttattttaaatattgggatcagacataccacccaaattgt gttaactgtttggatgacagatgcattctgcattgtgcaaactttaatgttttattctctacagtgttcccacctacaagttttggaccactagtgagaaaaa tatttgttgatggtgttccattgtagtttcaactggataccacttcagagagctaggtgttgtacataatcaggatgtaaacttacatagctctagacttag ttttaaggaattacttgtgtatgctgctgaccctgctatgcacgctgcttctggtaatctattactagataaacgcactacgtgcttttcagtagctgcactt actaacaatgttgcttttcaaactgtcaaacccggtaattttaacaaagacttctatgactttgctgtgtctaagggtttcttaaggaaggaagttctgttg aattaaaacacttcttctttgctcaggatggtaatgctgctatcagcgattatgactactatcgttataatctaccaacaatgtgtgatatcagacaactact atttgtagttgaagttgttgataagtactttgattgttacgatggtggctgtattaatgctaaccaagtcatcgtcaacaacctagacaaatcagctggtttt ccatttaataaatggggtaaggctagactttattatgattcaatgagttatgaggatcaagatgcacttttcgcatatacaaaacgtaatgtcatccctact ataactcaaatgaatcttaagtatgccattagtgcaaagaatagagctcgcaccgtagctggtgtctctatctgtagtactatgaccaatagacagtttc atcaaaaattattgaaatcaatagccgccactagaggagctactgtagtaattggaacaagcaaattctatggtggttggcacaacatgttaaaaactg tttatagtgatgtagaaaaccctcaccttatgggttgggattatcctaaatgtgatagagccatgcctaacatgcttagaattatggcctcacttgttcttg ctcgcaaacatacaacgtgttgtagcttgtcacaccgtttctatagattagctaatgagtgtgctcaagtattgagtgaaatggtcatgtgtggcggttca ctatatgttaaaccaggtggaacctcatcaggagatgccacaactgcttatgctaatagtgtttttaacattgtcaagctgtcacggccaatgttaatgc acttttatctactgatggtaacaaaattgccgataagtatgtccgcaatttacaacacagactttatgagtgtctctatagaaatagagatgttgacacag acttgtgaatgagtttacgcatatttgcgtaaacatttctcaatgatgatactctctgacgatgctgttgtgtgtttcaatagcacttatgcatctcaaggt ctagtggctagcataaagaacttaagtcagttcttattatcaaaacaatgttttatgtctgaagcaaaatgttggactgagactgaccttactaaagga cctcatgaattttgctctcaacatacaatgctagttaaacagggtgatgattatgtgtaccttccttacccagatccatcaagaatcctaggggccggct gttttgtagatgatatcgtaaaaacagatggtacacttatgattgaacggttcgtgtctttagctatagatgcttacccacttactaaacatcctaatcagg agtatgctgatgtctttcattgtacttacaatacataagaaagctacatgatgagttaacaggacacatgttagacatgtattctgttatgcttactaatga taacacttcaaggtattgggaacctgagttttatgaggctatgtacacaccgcatacagtcttacaggctgttggggcttgtgttctttgcaattcacaga cttcattaagatgtggtgcttgcatacgtagaccattcttatgttgtaaatgctgttacgaccatgtcatatcaacatcacataaattagtcttgtctgttaat ccgtatgtttgcaatgctccaggttgtgatgtcacagatgtgactcaactttacttaggaggtatgagctattattgtaaatcacataaaccacccattagt tttccattgtgtgctaatggacaagtttttggtttatataaaaatacatgtgttggtagcgataatgttactgactttaatgcaattgcaacatgtgactggac aaatgctggtgattacattttagctaacacctgtactgaaagactcaagctttttgcagcagaaacgctcaaagctactgaggagacatttaaactgtct tatggtattgctactgtacgtgaagtgctgtctgacagagaattacatctttcatgggaagttggtaaacctagaccaccacttaaccgaaattatgtcttt actggttatcgtgtaactaaaaacagtaaagtacaaataggagagtacaccttgaaaaaggtgactatggtgatgctgttgtttaccgaggtacaaca acttacaaattaaatgttggtgattattttgtgctgacatcacatacagtaatgccattaagtgcacctacactagtgccacaagagcactatgttagaatt actggcttatacccaacactcaatatctcagatgagttttctagcaatgttgcaaattatcaaaaggttggtatgcaaaagtattctacactccagggacc acctggtactggtaagagtcattttgctattggcctagctctctactacccttctgctcgcatagtgtatacagcttgctctcatgccgctgttgatgcact atgtgagaaggcattaaaatatttgcctatagataaatgtagtagaattatacctgcacgtgctcgtgtagagtgttttgataaattcaaagtgaattcaac attagaacagtatgtcttttgtactgtaaatgcattgcctgagacgacagcagatatagttgtctttgatgaaatttcaatggccacaaattatgatttgagt gttgtcaatgccagattacgtgctaagcactatgtgtacattggcgaccctgctcaattacctgcaccacgcacattgctaactaagggcacactaga accagaatatttcaattcagtgtgtagacttatgaaaactataggtccagacatgttcctcggaacttgtcggcgttgtcctgctgaaattgttgacactg tgagtgctttggtttatgataataagcttaaagcacataaagacaaatcagctcaatgctttaaaatgtttataagggtgttatcacgcatgatgtttcatc tgcaattaacaggccacaaataggcgtggtaagagaattccttacacgtaaccctgcttggagaaaagctgtcttatttcaccttataattcacagaat gctgtagcctcaaagattttgggactaccaactcaaactgttgattcatcacagggctcagaatatgactatgtcatattcactcaaaccactgaaacag ctcactcttgtaatgtaaacagatttaatgttgctattaccagagcaaaagtaggcatactttgcataatgtctgatagagaccttatgacaagttgcaat ttacaagtcttgaaattccacgtaggaatgtggcaactttacaagctgaaaatgtaacaggactttttaaagattgtagtaaggtaatcactgggttacat cctacacaggcacctacacacctcagtgttgacactaaattcaaaactgaaggtttatgtgttgacatacctggcatacctaaggacatgacctataga agactcatctctatgatgggttttaaaatgaattatcaagttaatggttaccctaacatgtttatcacccgcgaagaagctataagacatgtacgtgcatg gattggcttcgatgtcgaggggtgtcatgctactagagaagctgttggtaccaattacctttacagctaggtttttctacaggtgttaacctagttgctgt acctacaggttatgttgatacacctaataatacagatttttccagagttagtgctaaaccaccgcctggagatcaatttaaacacctcataccacttatgt acaaaggacttccttggaatgtagtgcgtataaagattgtacaaatgttaagtgacacacttaaaaatctctctgacagagtcgtatttgtcttatgggca catggcttgagttgacatctatgaagtatttgtgaaaataggacctgagcgcacctgttgtctatgtgatagacgtgccacatgcttttccactgcttca gacacttatgcctgttggcatcattctattggatttgattacgtctataatccgtttatgattgatgttcaacaatggggttttacaggtaacctacaaagca accatgatctgtattgtcaagtccatggtaatgcacatgtagctagttgtgatgcaatcatgactaggtgtctagctgtccacgagtgctttgttaagcgt gttgactggactattgaatatcctataattggtgatgaactgaagattaatgcggcttgtagaaaggttcaacacatggttgttaaagctgcattattagc agacaaattcccagttcttcacgacattggtaaccctaaagctattaagtgtgtacctcaagctgatgtagaatggaagttctatgatgcacagccttgt agtgacaaagcttataaaatagaagaattattctattcttatgccacacattctgacaaattcacagatggtgtatgcctattttggaattgcaatgtcgata gatatcctgctaattccattgtttgtagatttgacactagagtgctatctaaccttaacttgcctggttgtgatggtggcagtttgtatgtaaataaacatgc attccacacaccagcttttgataaaagtgctttgttaattaaaacaattaccatttttctattactctgacagtccatgtgagtctcatggaaaacaagtag tgtcagatatagattatgtaccactaaagtctgctacgtgtataacacgttgcaatttaggtggtgctgtctgtagacatcatgctaatgagtacagattgt atctcgatgcttataacatgatgatctcagctggctttagcttgtgggtttacaaacaatttgatacttataacctctggaacacttttacaagacttcagag tttagaaaatgtggcttttaatgttgtaaataagggacactttgatggacaacagggtgaagtaccagtttctatcattaataacactgttacacaaaagt tgatggtgttgatgtagaattgtttgaaaataaaacaacattacctgttaatgtagcatttgagctttgggctaagcgcaacattaaaccagtaccagag gtgaaaatactcaataattgggtgtggacattgctgctaatactgtgatctgggactacaaaagagatgctccagcacatatatctactattggtgtttg ttctatgactgacatagccaagaaaccaactgaaacgatttgtgcaccactcactgtcttttttgatggtagagttgatggtcaagtagacttatttagaa atgcccgtaatggtgttcttattacagaaggtagtgttaaaggtttacaaccatctgtaggtcccaaacaagctagtcttaatggagtcacattaattgga gaagccgtaaaaacacagttcaattattataagaaagttgatggtgttgtccaacaattacctgaaacttactttactcagagtagaaattacaagaattt aaacccaggagtcaaatggaaattgatttcttagaattagctatggatgaattcattgaacggtataaattagaaggctatgccttcgaacatatcgttta tggagattttagtcatagtcagttaggtggtttacatctactgattggactagctaaacgttttaaggaatcaccttttgaattagaagattttattcctatgg acagtacagttaaaaactatttcataacagatgcgcaaacaggttcatctaagtgtgtgtgttctgttattgatttattacttgatgatttgttgaaataataa aatcccaagatttatctgtagtttctaaggttgtcaaagtgactattgactatacagaaatttcatttatgctttggtgtaaagatggccatgtagaaacattt tacccaaaattacaatctagtcaagcgtggcaaccgggtgttgctatgcctaatctttacaaaatGCAAAGAATGCTATTAGAAA

AGTGTGACCTTCAAAATTATGGTGATAGTGCAACATTACCTAAAGGCATAATGATGAATG

TCGCAAAATATACTCAACTGTGTCAATATTTAAACACATTAACATTAGCTGTACCCTATA

ATATGAGAGTTATACATTTTGGTGCTGGTTCTGATAAAGGAGTTGCACCAGGTACAGCTG

TTTTAAGACAGTGGTTGCCTACGGGTACGCTGCTTGTCGATTCAGATCTTAATGACTTTGT

CTCTGATGCAGATTCAACTTTGATTGGTGATTGTGCAACTGTACATACAGCTAATAAATG

GGATCTCATTATTAGTGATATGTACGACCCTAAGACTAAAAATGTTACAAAAGAAAATG GAGGTTCCGTGGCTATAAAGATAACAGAACATTCTTGGAATGCTGATCTTTATAAGCTCA

TGGGACACTTCGCATGGTGGACAGCCTTTGTTACTAATGTGAATGCGTCATCATCTGAAG

TGCATGCAAATTACATATTTTGGAGGAATACAAATCCAATTCAGTTGTCTTCCTATTCTTT

ATTTGACATGAGTAAATTTCCCCTTAAATTAAGGGGTACTGCTGTTATGTCTTTAAAAGA

AGGTCAAATCAATGATATGATTTTATCTCTTCTTAGTAAAGGTAGACTTATAATTAGAGA

AAACAACAGAGTTGTTATTTCTAGTGATGTTCTTGTTAACAACTAAACGAACAATGTTTG

CATTAGTCGATTTGCCAATAGGTATTAATATTACTAGATTTCAGACTCTTTTAGCGTTACA

TAGATCTTATTTGACTCCTGGTGATTCTTCTTCAGGTTGGACAGCTGGTGCTGCAGCTTAT

TATGTGGGTTATCTTCAACCTAGGACTTTTCTATTAAAATATAATGAAAATGGAACCATT

ACAGATGCTGTAGACTGTGCACTTGACCCTCTCTCAGAAACAAAGTGTACGTTGAAATCC

TTCACTGTAGAAAAAGGAATCTATCaaacttctaactttagagtccaaccaacagaatctattgttagatttcctaatattacaa acttgtgcccttttggtgaagtttttaacgccaccagatttgcatctgtttatgcttggaacaggaagagaatcagcaactgtgttgctgattattctgtcct atataattccgcatcattttccacttttaagtgttatggagtgtctcctactaaattaaatgatctctgctttactaatgtctatgcagattcatttgtaattaga ggtgatgaagtcagacaaatcgctccagggcaaactggaaagattgctgattataattataaattaccagatgatttacaggctgcgttatagcttgg aattctaacaatcttgattctaaggttggtggtaattataattacctgtatagattgtttaggaagtctaatctcaaaccttttgagagagatatttcaactga aatctatcaggccggtagcacaccttgtaatggtgttgaaggttttaattgttactttcctttacaatcatatggtttccaacccactaatggtgttggttacc aaccatacagagtagtagtactttcttttgaacttctacatgcaccagcaactgtttgtggacctaaaaagtctactaatttggttaaaaacaaatgtgtca atttcaacttcaatggtttaacaggcacaggtgttcttactgagtctaacaaaaagtttctgcctttccaacaatttggcagagacattgctgacactactg atgctgtccgtgatccacagacacttgagattcttgacattacaccatgttcttttggtggtgtcagtgttataacaccaggaacaaatacttctaaccag gttgctgttctttatcaggatgttaactgcacagaagtccctgttgctattcatgcagatcaacttactcctacttggcgtgtttattctacaggttctaatgtt tttcaaacacgtgcaggctgtttaataggggctgaacatgtcaacaactcatatgagtgtgacatacccattggtgcaggtatatgcgctagttatcag actcagcaatccatcattgcctacactatgtcacttggtgcagaaaattcagttgcttactctaataactctattgccatacccacaaattttactattagtgt taccacagaaattctaccagtgtctatgaccaagacatcagtagattgtacaatgtacatttgtggtgattcaactgaatgcagcaatcttttgttgcaata tggcagttttgtacacaattaaaccgtgctttaactggaatagctgttgaacaagacaaaaacacccaagaagttttgcacaagtcaaacaaatttac aaaacaccaccaattaaagattttggtggttttaatttttcacaaatattaccagatccatcaaaaccaagcaagaggtcattattgaagatctacttttca acaaagtgacacttgcagatgctggcttcatcaaacaatatggtgattgccttggtgatattgctgctagagacctcattgtgcacaaaagtttaacgg ccttactgttttgccacctttgctcacagatgaaatgattgctcaatacacttctgcactgttagcgggtacaatcacttctggttggacctttggtgcagg tgctgcattacaaataccatttgctatgcaaatggcttataggtttaatggtattggagttacacagaatgttctctatgagaaccaaaaattgattgccaa ccaatttaatagtgctattggcaaaattcaagactcactttcttccacagcaagtgcacttggaaaacttcaagatgtggtcaaccaaaatgcacaagct ttaaacacgcttgttaaacaacttagctccaattttggtgcaatttcaagtgttttaaatgatatcctttcacgtcttgacaaagttgaggctgaagtgcaaa ttgataggttgatcacaggcagacttcaaagtttgcagacatatgtgactcaacaattaattagagctgcagaaatcagagcttctgctaatcttgctgc tactaaaatgtcagagtgtgtacttggacaatcaaaaagagttgatttttgtggaaagggctatcatcttatgtccttccctcagtcagcacctcatggtg tagtcttcttgcatgtgacttatgtccctgcacaagaaaagaacttcacaactgctcctgccatttgtcatgatggaaaagcacactttcctcgtgaaggt gtctttgtttcaaatggcacacactggtttgtaacacaaaggaattttatgaaccacaaatcattactacagacaacacattgtgtctggtaactgtgat gttgtaataggaattgtcaacaacacagttatgatcctttgcaacctgaattagactcattcaaggaggagttagataaatattttaagaatcatacatca ccagatgttgatttaggtgacatctctggcattaatgcttcagttgtaaacattcaaaaagaaattgaccgcctcaatgaggttgccaagaatttaaatga atctctcatcgatctccaagaacttggaaagtatgagcagtatataaaatggccatggtacatttggctaggttttatagctggcttgattgccatagtaa tggtgacaattatgcttgctgtatgaccagttgctgtagttgtctcaagggctgttgttcttgtggatcctgctgcaaattgatgaagacgactctgagc cagtgctcaaaggagtcaaattacattacacataaacgaacttatggatttgtttatgagaatcttcacaattggaactgtaacttgaagcaaggtgaa atcaaggatgctactccttcagattttgttcgcgctactgcaacgataccgatacaagcctcactccctttcggatggcttattgttggcgttgcacttctt gctgtttttcagagcgcttccaaaatcataaccctcaaaaagagatggcaactagcactctccaagggtgttcactttgtttgcaacttgctgttgttgttt gtaacagtttactcacaccttttgctcgttgctgctggccttgaagccccttttctctatctttatgctttagtctacttcttgcagagtataaactttgtaaga ataataatgaggctttggctttgctggaaatgccgttccaaaaacccattactttatgatgccaactattttctttgctggcatactaattgttacgactattg tataccttacaatagtgtaacttcttcaattgtcattacttcaggtgatggcacaacaagtcctatttctgaacatgactaccagattggtggttatactgaa aaatgggaatctggagtaaaagactgtgttgtattacacagttacttcacttcagactattaccagctgtactcaactcaattgagtacagacactggtgt tgaacatgttaccttcttcatctacaataaaattgttgatgagcctgaagaacatgtccaaattcacacaatcgacggttcatccggagttgttaatccag taatggaaccaatttatgatgaaccgacgacgactactagcgtgcctttgtaagcacaagctgatgagtacgaacttatgtactcattcgtttcggaag agacaggtacgttaatagttaatagcgtacttctttttcttgctttcgtggtattcttgctagttacactagccatccttactgcgcttcgattgtgtgcgtact gctgcaatattgttaacgtgagtcttgtaaaaccttctttttacgtttactctcgtgttaaaaatctgaattcttctagagttcctgatcttctggtctaaacga actaaatattatattagtttttctgtttggaactttaattttagccatggcagattccaacggtactattaccgttgaagagcttaaaaagctccttgaacaat ggaacctagtaataggtttcctattccttacatggatttgtcttctacaatttgcctatgccaacaggaataggtttttgtatataattaagttaattttcctctg gctgttatggccagtaactttagcttgttttgtgcttgctgctgtttacagaataaattggatcaccggtggaattgctatcgcaatggcttgtcttgtaggc ttgatgtggctcagctacttcattgcttctttcagactgtttgcgcgtacgcgttccatgtggtcattcaatccagaaactaacattcttctcaacgtgccac tccatggcactattctgaccagaccgcttctagaaagtgaactcgtaatcggagctgtgatccttcgtggacatcttcgtattgctggacaccatctag gacgctgtgacatcaaggacctgcctaaagaaatcactgttgctacatcacgaacgctttcttattacaaattgggagcttcgcagcgtgtagcaggt gactcaggttttgctgcatacagtcgctacaggattggcaactataaattaaacacagaccattccagtagcagtgacaatattgctttgcttgtacagt aagtgacaacagatgtttcatctcgttgactttcaggttactatagcagagatattactaattattatgaggacttttaaagtttccatttggaatcttgattac atcataaacctcataattaaaaatttatctaagtcactaactgagaataaatattctcaattagatgaagagcaaccaatggagattgattaaacgaacat gaaaattattcttttcttggcactgataacactcgctacttgtgagctttatcactaccaagagtgtgttagaggtacaacagtacttttaaaagaaccttg ctcttctggaacatacgagggcaattcaccatttcatcctctagctgataacaaatttgcactgacttgctttagcactcaatttgcttttgcttgtcctgac ggcgtaaaacacgtctatcagttacgtgccagatcagtttcacctaaactgttcatcagacaagaggaagttcaagaactttactctccaatttttcttatt gttgcggcaatagtgtttataacactttgcttcacactcaaaagaaagacagaatgattgaactttcattaattgacttctatttgtgctttttagcctttctgc tattccttgttttaattatgcttattatcttttggttctcacttgaactgcaagatcataatgaaacttgtcacgcctaaacgaacatgaaatttcttgttttctta ggaatcatcacaactgtagctgcatttcaccaagaatgtagtttacagtcatgtactcaacatcaaccatatgtagttgatgacccgtgtcctattcacttc tattctaaatggtatattagagtaggagctagaaaatcagcacctttaattgaattgtgcgtggatgaggctggttctaaatcacccattcagtacatcga tatcggtaattatacagtttcctgttcaccttttacaattaattgccaggaacctaaattgggtagtcttgtagtgcgttgttcgttctatgaagactttttaga gtatcatgacgttcgtgttgttttagatttcatctaaacgaacaaactaaaatgtctgataatggaccccaaaatcagcgaaatgcaccccgcattacgtt tggtggaccctcagattcaactggcagtaaccagaatggagaacgcagtggggcgcgatcaaaacaacgtcggccccaaggtttacccaataata ctgcgtcttggttcaccgctctcactcaacatggcaaggaagaccttaaattccctcgaggacaaggcgttccaattaacaccaatagcagtccagat gaccaaattggctactaccgaagagctaccagacgaattcgtggtggtgacggtaaaatgaaagatctcagtccaagatggtatttctactacctagg aactgggccagaagctggacttccctatggtgctaacaaagacggcatcatatgggttgcaactgagggagccttgaatacaccaaaagatcacat tggcacccgcaatcctgctaacaatgctgcaatcgtgctacaacttcctcaaggaacaacattgccaaaaggcttctacgcagaagggagcagagg cggcagtcaagcctcttctcgttcctcatcacgtagtcgcaacagttcaagaaattcaactccaggcagcagtaggggaacttctcctgctagaatgg ctggcaatggcggtgatgctgctcttgctttgctgctgcttgacagattgaaccagcttgagagcaaaatgtctggtaaaggccaacaacaacaagg ccaaactgtcactaagaaatctgctgctgaggcttctaagaagcctcggcaaaaacgtactgccactaaagcatacaatgtaacacaagctttcggc agacgtggtccagaacaaacccaaggaaattttggggaccaggaactaatcagacaaggaactgattacaaacattggccgcaaattgcacaattt gcccccagcgcttcagcgttcttcggaatgtcgcgcattggcatggaagtcacaccttcgggaacgtggttgacctacacaggtgccatcaaattgg atgacaaagatccaaatttcaaagatcaagtcattttgctgaataagcatattgacgcatacaaaacattcccaccaacagagcctaaaaaggacaaa aagaagaaggctgatgaaactcaagccttaccgcagagacagaagaaacagcaaactgtgactcttcttcctgctgcagatttggatgatttctccaa acaattgcaacaatccatgagcagtgctgactcaactcaggcctaaactcatgcagaccacacaaggcagatgggctatataaacgttttcgcttttc cgtttacgatatatagtctactcttgtgcagaatgaattctcgtaactacatagcacaagtagatgtagttaactttaatctcacatagcaatctttaatcagt gtgtaacattagggaggacttgaaagagccaccacattttcaccgaggccacgcggagtacgatcgagtgtacagtgaacaatgctagggagagc tgcctatatggaagagccctaatgtgtaaaattaattttagtagtgctatccccatgtgattttaatagcttcttaggagaatgacaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaa

EXAMPLES

[00244] The following examples are provided to better illustrate the claimed invention and are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. To the extent that specific materials are mentioned, it is merely for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the invention. One skilled in the art may develop equivalent means or reactants without the exercise of inventive capacity and without departing from the scope of the invention. Example 1

Overlapping PCR

[00245] Step 1: PCR and Gel purification. Primers and Templates. To start from T7 promoter

9.

[00246] To include the pCMV in fragment 0

[00247] Step 2: Overlapping PCR

[00248] May need to overlap 4-5 pieces first - purify the products - then overlap to get the full length genome.

[00249] Step 3:

[00250] Option 1 : Use directly for in vitro transcription / store as overlapping PCR product; [00251] Option 2: Clone into pCCIBAC vector

[00252] To clone the CoV genome into pCCIBAC vector, use #1883 and 1890 as forward and reverse primers for amplifying fragmentO and fragment 19, as well as in final amplification after overlapping. Assemble with Bsa I carrying pCCIBAC using NEB Golden gate assembly.

Clone into pGGA vector (from Golden gate clone kit) through Bsa I sites, then clone into pCCIBAC vector through Bsa I site

[00253] pCCIBAC obtained from existing pCCl-CysS-CD plasmid and need modification - see “pCCIBAC Modification”

[00254] Step 1 : PCR and gel purification

[00255] Primers and Templates -To start from T7 promoter

[00256] To include the pCMV in ordered fragment 0

[00257] Step 2: Assembly viral genome into 4 large fragments into pGGA using NEB Golden gate assembly kit

[00258] Fragment 0 (orl)-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19.

[00259] Follow NEB Golden gate assembly kit menu

[00260] Step 3 PCR viral fragments from pGGA clones for next step assembly (also introduce new Bsa I sites)

[00261] Step 3.1: Re-introduce Bsa I through PCR and gel purification (individually)

[00262] Step 3.2 Assemble the 4 large fragments into pCCIBAC using NEB Golden Gate Assembly kit

Assemble all fragments into pCCIBAC vector directly

[00263] Step 1 : PCR and Gel purification

[00264] Step 2: Assembly full viral genome in pCCIBAC vector following NEB Golden gate assembly kit menu

NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly

[00265] Step 1: PCR and gel purification. Same as example 1. For fragment 0 and fragment 19, need to use alternative primer for PCR and for 5’ and 3’ end of pCCIBAC.

[00266] For intersection between pCCIBAC and viral genome 5 ’ intersection

3 ’ intersection

1937 -CoV frag 19-R2 CTGTCAAACATGAGAATTGGTCGAg Last 23nt in Fragment 19, first aagacttggtacacttgagacg (SEQ ID NO:47) 24 in pCCl, for NEBuilder 1938-pCCl-F2 cgtctcaagtgtaccaagtcttcTCGACCAATTC i Last 23nt in Fragment 19, first TCATGTTTGACAG (SEQ ID NO: 150) | 24 in pCCl, for NEBuilder

[00267] Step 2: Assembly follow NEBuilder HiFi menu

[00268] Modification of pCCIBAC vector. The backbone if the pCCIBAC is obtained from pCCl-CysS-CD plasmid. It carries internal Bsa I and Bsm BI sites. This modification is to remove these sites. It also removes the region between the 2 Not I sites, and nt8104-8139(7).

[00269] Step 1 : PCR and Gel purification

[00270] * To facilitate the following assembly step, one can use 1893 instead of 1851 or 1852, use

1894 instead of 1861.

[00271] Step 2: Overlapping PCR. For this method - NEBuilder, use alternative primers.

Example 2 Procedures

RT-PCR

[00272] Coronavirus strain 2019-nCoV/USA-WA 1/2020 (“WA1”) (BEI Resources NR-52281, Lot 70034262) was distributed by BEI Resources after 3 passages on Vero (CCL81) at CDC, and one passage on Vero E6 at BEI Resources. The full virus genome sequence after 4 passages was determined by CDC and found to contain no nucleotide differences (Harcourt et al., 2020) compared to the clinical specimen from which it was derived (GenBank Accession MN985325) Upon receipt, WA1 and was amplified by a further two passages on Vero E6 cells in DMEM containing 2% FBS at 37°C.

[00273] Passage 6 WA1 virus was used to purify viral genome RNA by extraction with Trizol reagent (Thermo Fisher) according to standard protocols. Briefly, 0.5ml virus sample with a titer of lx 10^L7 PFU/ml was extracted with an equal volume of Trizol. The procedure had previously been validated in four separate experiment to completely inactivate SARS-CoV2 virus infectivity. After phase separation by addition of 0.1ml chloroform, the RNA in aqueous phase was precipitated with an equal volume of isopropanol. The precipitated RNA was washed in 70% ethanol, dried, and resuspended in 20ul RNAse-free water.

Viral cDNA Generation

[00274] Wild-type cDNA were synthesized using Superscript IV First Strand Synthesis system. In each reaction, a total reaction volume of 13 pi for Tube #1 was set up as follows:

1. 50mM Oligo d(T)20: lul

2. 5 Ong/mΐ Random Hexamer: Imΐ

3. lOmM dNTP: Imΐ

4. WT RNA: 2-10 mΐ

5. H20: add to 13m1

[00275] The sample was mixed and incubated at 65 °C for 5 minutes, then immediately put on ice for 1 minute. Another tube (Tube #2) was prepared with a total reaction volume of 7 mΐ:

1. 5x Buffer: 4m1

2. lOOmM DTT: Imΐ

3. Rnase Inhibitor (40U/pl): Imΐ

4. Superscript IV enzyme: Imΐ

[00276] We mixed Tube #1 and Tube #2, for a total reaction volume of 20m1, and incubated at 23°C for 10 minutes, followed by 50°C for 50 minutes, and 80°C for 10 minutes to generate cDNA.

Overlapping Polymerase Chain Reaction [00277] Q5 High-Fidelity 2x Master Mixture (NEB, Ipswich, Massachusetts) were used to amplify genome fragments from cDNA.

[00278] The 20 pi reaction containing 1 mΐ fresh-made cDNA, 1 mΐ of forward and reverse primers (detailed in Table 4) at 0.5 mM concentration, 10 mΐ of the 2x Q5 master mixture and H2O. Reaction parameters were as follows: 98°C 30 sec to initiate the reaction, followed by 30 cycles of 98°C for 10 sec, 60°C for 30 seconds, and 65°C for 1 min and a final extension at 65°C for 5 min. Totally 19 genome fragments, all about 1.8Kb except fragment 19 (about 1.2 Kb) were obtained, which cover the whole viral genome with 200bp overlapping region between any two of them using specific primers (Table 4). Amplicons were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis (Figure 2A) and purified using the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). Elutions were quantified by Nanodrop.

[00279] Q5® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (NEB, Ipswich, Massachusetts) were used to re construct the whole COVID-19 genome.

[00280] First, all 19 genome fragments were used in an overlapping reaction to reconstruct the full genome. Briefly, a mixture with 30-40 ng of each DNA fragment (the molar ratio among all pieces are at 1:1), 10m1 5x reaction buffer, Imΐ lOmM dNTP, 0.5m1 Q5 polymerase and H2O to a final volume of 50 mΐ was made. The reaction was carried out under following condition: 98°C for 30 sec, and 72°C for 16 min 30 sec for 10 cycles.

[00281] Next, 2m1 overlapping reaction product were mixed with 4m1 5x reaction buffer, Imΐ lOmM dNTP, 1 mΐ of each flanking primers at 0.5 mM, 0.2m1 Q5 polymerase and H2O to a final volume of 20 mΐ and PCR was carried out as follows: 98°C 30 sec to initiate the reaction, followed by 15 cycles of 98°C for 10 sec, 60°C for 45 sec, and 72°C for 16 minutes 30 seconds, and a final extension at 65°C for 5 min. To check the results, 5m1 PCR product was visualized on 0.4% agarose gel (Figure 2B).

Table 4

17 j 1793 11793-COV-9 GCACAAAACCAGTTGAAACATCAAATTC

18 1 1794 j 1794-COV-lO

19 11795 i 1795-COV-l 1 GTGAAGAATCATCTGCAAAATCAGC

20 ! 1796 I 1796-COV-12 CAAATGATATAAGCAATTGTTATCCAGAAAGG

21 ! 1797 ! 1797-COV-13 GCCTTTAATACTTTACTATTCCTTATGTCATTCAC

22 ! 1798 ! 1798-COV-14 CCAGACAAACTAGTATCAACCATATCC

23 j 1799 j 1799-COV-15 GCTATGGGTATTATTGCTATGTCTG

24 11800 I 1800-COV-16 CCTACAAGGTGGTTCCAGTTC

25 11801 j 1801-COV-17 CGACAGATGTCTTGTGCTG

26 11802 I 1802-COV-18 GGTATCCAGTTGAAACTACAAATGG

27 1 1803 ! 1803-COV-19 GATCAGACATACCACCCAAATTG

28 11804 I 1804-COV-20 CTTATGTATTGTAAGTACAAATGAAAGACATCAG

29 11805 ! 1805-COV-21 GGTGATGATTATGTGTACCTTCCTTAC

30 i 1806 I 1806-COV-22 CTGTTAATTGCAGATGAAACATCATGC

31 ! 1807 j 1807-COV-23 GTGTGTAGACTTATGAAAACTATAGGTCC

32 11808 11808-COV-24 CATACAAACTGCCACCATCAC

33 11809 I 1809-COV-25 CCTTGTAGTGACAAAGCTTATAAAATAGAAG

34 i 1810 ! 1810-COV-26 CTGGTGCAACTCCTTTATCAG

35 11811 ! 181 l-COV-27 GCAAAGAATGCTATTAGAAAAGTGTGAC

36 i 1812 j

37 11813 j 1813-COV-29 GACTCCTGGTGATTCTTCTTCAG

38 i 1814 11814-COV-30 CTCTAGCAGCAATATCACCAAGG

39 j 1815 ! 1815-COV-31 GCACAAGTCAAACAAATTTACAAAACAC

40 i 1816 ! 1816-COV-32 CAAAAGGTGTGAGTAAACTGTTACAAAC

41 ! 1817 I 1817-COV-33 CTCACTCCCTTTCGGATGG

42 i 1818 11818-COV-34 GAGGTTTATGATGTAATCAAGATTCCAAATGG

43 i 1819 I 1819-COV-35 GCTACAGGATTGGCAACTATAAATTAAAC

44 1 1820 U820-COV-36 CCATTCTAGCAGGAGAAGTTCC

45 1821 1821-COV-37 GCAATCCTGCTAACAATGCTG

46 1822 1822-COV-38 TAAAATC

In vitro transcription

[00282] DNA templates amplified from full-length PCR were purified using conventional phenol/chloroform extraction followed by Ethanol precipitation in the presence of 3M Sodium Acetate prior to RNA work. RNA transcripts was in vitro synthesized using the HiScribe T7 Transcription Kit (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer’s instruction with some modifications. A 20 mΐ reaction was set up by adding 500 ng DNA template and 2.4 mΐ 50 mM GTP (cap analog-to-GTP ratio is 1:1). The reaction was incubated at 37°C for 3 hr. Then RNA was precipitated and purified by Lithium Chloride precipitation and washed once with 70% Ethanol. The N gene DNA template was also prepared by PCR from cDNA using specific forward primer (2320-N- F: GAAtaatacgactcactataggGACGTTCGTGTTGTTTTAGATTTCATCTAAACG (SEQ ID NO: 162), the lowercase sequence represents T7 promoter; the underlined sequence represents the 5’ NTR upstream of the N gene ORF) and reverse primer (2130-N-R, tttttttttttttttttttttGTCATTCTCCTAAGAAGCTATTAAAATCACATGG (SEQ ID NO: 163)).

Transfection ofVero E6 cells by RNA electroporation

[00283] Vero E6 cells were obtained from ATTC (CRL-1586) and maintained in DMEM high glucose supplemented with 10% FBS. To transfect viral RNA, 10pg of purified full length genome RNA transcripts, together with 5ug of capped WA1-N mRNA, were electroporated into Vero E6 cells using the Maxcyte ATX system according manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, 3-4 x 10⁶ Vero E6 cells were once washed in Maxcyte electroporation buffer and resuspended in 100 mΐ of the same. The cell suspension was mixed gently with the RNA sample, and the RNA/cell mixture transferred to Maxcyte OC-100 processing assemblies. Electroporation was performed using the pre-programmed Vero cell electroporation protocol. After 30 minutes recovery of the transfected cells at 37C/5%C0₂, cells were resuspended in warm DMEM/10% FBS and distributed among three T25 flasks at various seeding densities (1/2, 1/3, 1/6 of the total cells). Transfected cells were incubated at 37°C/5%C0₂ for 6 days or until CPE appeared. Infection medium was collected on days 2, 4, and 6, with completely media change at day 2 and day 4 (DMEM/5%FBS). The generated viruses were detectable by plaque assay as early as 2 days post transfection, with peak virus generation between days 4-6.

Passaging of stock virus and Plaque titration of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells [00284] Serial 10-fold dilutions were prepared in DMEM/2%FBS. 0.5ml of each dilution were added to 12-wells of Vero E6 cells that were 80% confluent. After 1 hour incubation at 37°C, the inoculum was removed, and 2 ml of semisolid overlay was added per well, containing lx DMEM, 0.3% Gum Tragacanth, 2% FBS and lx Penicillin/Streptomycin. After 3 or 4 day incubation at 37°C/5%CC>₂ the overlay was removed, wells were rinsed gently with PBS, followed by fixation and staining with Crystal Violet.

[00285] RNA obtained from In vitro transcription was used to transfect Vero E6 cells with wt WA1 and CDX-005 and recover live virus that was titrated in Vero E6 cells. After incubation for 3 days, plaque assays were stained.

Multistep Virus Growth Kinetics [00286] Vero cells (WHO 10-87) were grown for 3 days in 12 well plates containing lml DMEM with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) until they reached near confluency. Prior to infection, spent cell culture medium was replaced with 0.5ml fresh DMEM containing 1% FBS and 30 PFU of the indicated viruses (0.0001 MOI). After a 1-hour incubation at 33°C or 37°C/5% C02, inoculum was discarded, cell monolayers were washed once with lml Dulbecco’s PBS, followed by addition of lml DMEM containing 1% FBS. Infected cells were incubated at 33°C or 37°C for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 hrs. At the indicated timepoints, cells and supernatants were collected (one well per time point), frozen once at -80C and thawed. Infectious virus titers in the lysates were determined by plaque assay on Vero E6 at 37°C

Results

[00287] Generation of individual genome fragments 1-19 and the whole genomic DNA generated by overlapping PCR went well, with clear bands visible on 0.4% agarose gels (Figure 2A).

[00288] In vitro transcription produced RNA used to transfect Vero E6 cells with S-WWW (WT) and S-WWD and recover live virus that was titrated in Vero E6 cells. After incubation for 3 days, the plaque assays were stained and we observed smaller plaques observed in the partially spike- deoptimized S-WWD candidate (Figure 3) and a 40% reduced final titer.

Example 3

[00289] The CDX-005 pre-master virus seed (preMVS) was developed as follows: RNA of SARS-COV-2 BetaCoV/USA/WAl/2020 (GenBank: MN985325.1) was extracted from infected, characterized Vero E6 cells (ATCC CRF-1586 Fot # 70010177) and converted to 19 overlapping DNA fragments by RT-PCR using commercially available reagents and kits. Overlapping PCR was used to stitch together 19 1.8kb wt genome fragments along with one deoptimized Spike gene cassette. Specifically, 1,272 nucleotides of the Spike ORF were human codon pair deoptimized from genome position 24115-25387 resulting in 283 silent mutations changes relative to parental WA1/2020 virus. The resulting full-length cDNA was transcribed in vitro to make full-length viral RNA. Viral recovery was conducted in a new BSF-3 laboratory at Stony Brook University (NY) that was commissioned for the first time in April 2020, with our project being the only project ever to occur in the lab. This viral RNA was then electroporated in characterized Vero E6 cells (Fot # 70010177). This yielded CDX-005 virus (Figure 3) that was subsequently passaged an additional time on Vero E6 cells to yield passage 1, PI (Fot # 1-060820-9-1). PI material was used in the hamster study described below.

Example 4 [00290] To produce a seed virus (preMVS) suitable for entrance into GMP, the PI lot was passaged at Codagenix in the our characterized 10-87 WHO Vero cells (Fot: 563173-MCBl, COA and characterization testing) supplemented with qualified 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) sourced from New Zealand. Resulting virus was clarified by centrifugation, sterile filtered and filled into 2 ml cryovials to yield preMVS (Fot # 1-061720-1) with the titer of 5xl0⁵2.6xl0⁶ pfti/ml. The preMVS is to be sent to BioReliance (Glasgow, UK) for sterility and mycoplasma testing under BSF3. Furthermore, the Vero culture that produced 1-061720-1 was allowed to grow for additional two-days to full cytopathic effect and then vialed to conduct and for comprehensive, molecular-based adventitious virus testing including simian, human, porcine and bovine viruses at Charles River Faboratories, Malvern, PA, USA (Table 5).

Table 5. Adventitious virus testing panel for CDX-005 preMVS.

[00291] Master Seed Virus (MSV) is used as Phase I trial material and is cGMP manufactured. CDX-005 will be produced in Vero (ATCC CCL-81) cell line, and is tested using qualified methods and release the product for clinical testing. A formulation for CDX-005 is as currently employed for their intranasal, live-attenuated influenza vaccine in Phase III trials, which was shown to provide stability and safety. A manufacturing process is shown below.

[00292] Manufacturing process for CDX-005

Expansion of Vero Cell Culture

Infection -005 pre MVS

_.

Virus Harvest z Hzarzvezstz Czlarzifizcaitzionz bzz Fizltrzatizonr

I

Virus Purification

Nuclease treatment of clarified harvest. Concentration by TFF Stabilizer addition Sterile filtration.

I CDX-005 Bulk Drug Substance (BDS) - to be frozen

Example 5 A

[00293] The WHO ad hoc Expert Working Group on COVID-19 modelling concluded that both rhesus macaques and ferrets appear to reproduce mild to moderate human disease, but more recent work (Chan, Sia) suggests that Syrian Golden Hamsters may be a more useful model to replicate more severe pulmonary manifestations of this infection.

[00294] To investigate the in vivo properties of CDX-005 we turned to Syrian Golden hamsters. A recent survey of current animal models indicates that these hamsters best recapitulate the characteristics of human COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in hamster lungs causing severe pathological lesions following intranasal infection. Viral antigens are present in nasal mucosa, bronchial epithelium, and areas of lung consolidation on Days 2 and 5 after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, that is cleared on Day 7. Clinical signs include rapid breathing, weight loss, histopathological changes in the lung/airway, intestinal involvement, spleen and lymphoid atrophy, and cytokine activation within one week of virus challenge. Infected hamsters can infect other hamsters housed in the same cage, and neutralizing antibodies (Abs) are detected on Day 14 post challenge.

[00295] The inventors evaluated attenuation of CDX-005 PI (Lot # 1-060820-9-1) compared to WT BetaCoV/USA/WAl/2020 in the hamster model under BSL-3. Further, our challenge with WT 14 days post vaccination will examine the presence/absence of vaccine enhancement.

[00296] Thirty-six male hamsters 5-8 weeks old were dosed by intranasal dropper on Day 0 (12 per group) with 0.05 ml of either nominal doses of 5xl0⁴ PFU/ml or 5xl0³ PFU/ml of wild-type WA 1/2020 SARS-CoV-2 or 5xl0⁴ PFU/ml CDX-005 and followed for 2, 4, 14, and 16 days.

Endpoints include cage side observations twice daily, weight daily and temperature twice daily through day 5 and then daily through day 14. Viral load will be measured by qPCR and TCID50 in nasal wash, lung tissue, brain and kidney on Days 2, 4 and 6 post-dosing. The right lung, right kidney and right brain hemisphere will be fixed for histopathologic examination at the same timepoints. On Day 14, the remaining 3 animals dosed with CDX-005 will be challenged with 5xl0⁴ PFU/ml wild- type WA 1/2020 and nasal wash, lung, brain, and kidney viral load will be measured on Day 16 along with histopathology of the same organs.

Table 6. Evaluation of CDX-005 in Syrian Gold Elamsters.

Evaluation of CDX-005 in Syrian Gold Hamsters

Body

Challeng Organs/NW

PFU/m Temp/

Group Virus N e n=3 1 dose Weights

(Day) (day)

(Days)

CDX-005

1 12 5xl0⁴ 14 2,4,6, 16 0-16

1-060820-9-1 2 WA 1/2020 12 5xl0⁴ n/a 2,4,6 0-14

3 WA 1/2020 12 5xl0³ n/a 2,4,6 0-14

[00297] Initial data measuring weight loss for 6-days post-inoculation from this study is shown in Figure 4. CDX-005 appears to be significantly attenuated compared to wild-type. Hamsters dosed with nominal dose of 5xl0⁴ of CDX-005 experienced on average a weight gain of 4.1%, whereas, hamsters dosed with wild-type SARS-Cov-2 at nominal doses of 5xl0⁴ and 5 xlO³ experienced weight losses averages of -2.5%. Back titration of doses on-going to determine exact doses delivered in this study.

[00298] Given an approximate hamster weight of 0.1kg, extrapolation of hamster vaccine dose of 5 x 10⁴ to a 70kg human would be equivalent to a dose of 3.5 x 10⁷, which is higher than likely maximum clinical dose to be tested.

[00299] Further, our challenge with WT 14 days post vaccination examines the presence/absence of vaccine enhancement.

[00300] Lastly, we appreciate the small sample size; however, the urgent nature of the pandemic combined with BSL-3 space scarcity and this demonstration of marked attenuation should support testing CDX-005 in healthy low-risk adults, who often have asymptomatic infection even with wild- type SARS-CoV-2.

[00301] A single 5.0 ^c 10⁴ PFU dose of CDX-005 was protective from wild-type challenge 16 days post dose. This pharmacological dose resulted in no distribution to the brain or kidney and limited distribution to the lung with minimal histopathological findings.

[00302] Because COVID-19 disease is associated with pulmonary, olfactory and neural dysfunction, we measured viral load in homogenized lungs, olfactory bulbs and brains. Total viral RNA measured by qPCR was near or below the limit of detection in lung, olfactory bulb, and brain on Days 2 and 4 post-inoculation (PI) in CDX-005 inoculated hamsters. In contrast, viral RNA was detected in wt WA1 infected hamsters in all three tissues at both times (Fig. 6a-c). To test if infectious virus was present, we performed TCID50 assays on lung homogenates on Days 2, 4, and 6 PI (Fig. 6d). By Day 4, infectious virus loads were nearly 10,000-times lower in the lungs of animals inoculated with CDX-005 versus wt WAl-infected animals at either dose (N=3/group; P<0.01 by factorial ANOVA for independent samples) (Fig. 6d). Thus, CDX-005, is highly attenuated relative to wt WA1 in vivo.

[00303] To evaluate the safety of CDX-005, the change in weight in hamsters was monitored for nine days after inoculation. Hamsters inoculated with CDX-005 experienced weight gain during the period, whereas those inoculated with wt WA1 at either dose experienced weight loss (Fig. 7a). Only at Day 9 PI did the wt WA1 treated animals return to their starting weight (Fig. 7a). A mixed model ANOVA indicated that the changes were significantly different between CDX-005 and wt WA1 treated groups (P<0.001).

[00304] We also performed histological examinations of the lungs, brain, and kidney. Formalin fixed paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and light microscopic evaluation was conducted by a blinded board-certified veterinary pathologist (N=3 per group). Multiple parameters were scored on a 0-5 pathology rating scale. No changes were noted in brain and kidney sections of hamsters administered wt WA1 or CDX-005. Consistent with the pathological cellular infiltration found in lungs of humans with COVID-19, however, alveolar and/or perivascular or peribronchiolar mixed cell infiltrates, necrosis of the bronchiolar or bronchial epithelium with neutrophilic infiltration into the lumen, and perivascular edema occasionally accompanied by hyperplasia of the bronchiolar or bronchial epithelium was seen in hamsters infected with wt WA1 (Fig. 7b-c). In contrast, lung pathology was limited to minimal alveolar to mild perivascular or peribronchiolar mixed cell infiltrates at Day 6 PI in CDX-005 inoculated hamsters (Figs. 7b-c).

[00305] To assess efficacy of CDX-005 as a vaccine, we measured its ability to induce Abs against wt WA1. First, we performed an ELISA to determine IgG titers against SARS-CoV-2 Spike SI in sera from naive (mock) hamsters and those inoculated with wt WA1 or CDX-005. Like wt WA1, CDX-005 inoculation induced a strong anti-Spike SI Abs response (Fig. 8a). We then tested for the presence of neutralizing Abs against wt WA1 virus in serum of inoculated hamsters by plaque reduction neutralization titers (PRNT) on Day 16 PI. We calculated 50, 80, and 90 percent neutralization (inhibition of plaque formation) with serum dilutions up to 1280-fold (Fig. 8a). All CDX-005 inoculated hamsters produced neutralizing Ab titers at levels similar to those induced by wt WA1 inoculation (Fig. 8b).

[00306] Finally, we measured the efficacy of CDX-005 in a challenge study. Hamsters were vaccinated intranasally (IN) a single dose of 5xl0⁴ PFU CDX-005, and then challenged IN with 5xl0⁴ PFU wt WA1 on Day 16 PI. Lungs were harvested on Day 18 (Day 2 post-challenge), and viral loads measured by qRT-PCR. Viral loads of the challenge wt WA1 virus were reduced by more than 10,000-fold in the lungs of CDX-005 vaccinated compared to un- vaccinated hamsters, attesting to the efficacy of the vaccine (Fig. 8c). Whereas SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected in the brains of challenged mock inoculated hamsters, none was detected in CDX-005 protected animals (Fig. 8c). Levels in the olfactory bulbs were not statistically different in the two groups (Fig. 8c). Thus, CDX- 005 conferred protection and there was no evidence of vaccine -induced disease enhancement upon challenge. We also found that IgG Abs levels remained high in CDX-005 inoculated hamsters at Day 2 post-challenge (Fig. 8a). Example 5B

Hamster Studies

[00307] The WHO ad hoc Expert Working Group on COVID-19 modelling concluded that both rhesus macaques and ferrets appear to reproduce mild to moderate human disease, but more recent work suggests that Syrian Golden Hamsters may be a more useful model to replicate more severe pulmonary manifestations of this infection.1-3 Hence, Codagenix is currently evaluating attenuation of CDX-005 PI (Lot # 1-060820-9-1) compared to WA1 in the hamster model under BSL-3. All animal studies were performed according to IIT Research Institute IACUC approved protocols.

[00308] Thirty-six male Syrian hamsters (Charles Rivers) 5-6 weeks old were utilized on study. For challenge, hamsters were anaesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection and inoculated intranasally on Day 0 (12 per group) with 0.05 ml of either nominal doses of 5x104 PFU/ml or 5x103 PFU/ml of wt WA1 SARS-CoV-2 or 5x104 PFU/ml CDX- 005 Animals were observed twice daily and body weights collected daily through Day 8 and then daily from Day 16-Day 18. On Day 16, three CDX-005 inoculated animals were challenged intranasally with 5x104 PFU/ml wt WA1. Six naive hamsters inoculated with either 5x104 PFU/ml (N=3) or 5x103 PFU/ml (N=3) of wt WA 1 served as controls. We combined these two groups as titers overlapped at the two inoculation doses.

Weight

[00309] These 36 hamsters and an additional 58 (half female/half male) 5-6 weeks old Syrian Golden hamsters (Charles Rivers) were used to study the effects of CDX-005 and w/WAl inoculation on hamster health as assessed by weight loss. (These additional hamsters are currently being evaluated for other CDX-005 and wt WA1 mediated effects.) In total forty 5 x 104 PFU CDX-005, forty 5 x 104 PFU wt WA1, and twelve 5 x 103 PFU wt WA1 were weighed daily for up to nine days. The N decreased over time for each group as animals were sacrificed for other endpoints on various days PI. The minimum N for 5 x 104 PFU CDX-005 and 5 x 104 PFU wt WAlwas 10 and 3 for 5 x 103 PFU wtWAl.

Tissue Harvesting

[00310] On days 2, 4, 6 post inoculation three hamsters from each group and on three hamsters on Day 18 from animals challenged on Day 16 were euthanized by intravenous injection of Beuthanasia at 150 mg/kg. The left lung was collected for viral load determination. To measure viral load, lung was homogenized in a 10% w/v in DMEM with antibiotics using a tissue homogenizer (Omni homogenizer) on Day 18 in animals challenged on Day 16 We attempted to perform nasal washes but were unsuccessful in obtaining reproducible washes in these small animals.

Histopathology

[00311] Histopathology was performed by a blinded licensed veterinary pathologist. The lungs, brains, and kidneys were formalin fixed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Light microscopic evaluation was conducted by a blinded board-certified veterinary pathologist. Each tissue was graded on multiple pathological parameters and sections scored as 0=Normal, l=Minimal, 2=Mild, 3=Moderate, 4=Marked, or 5=Severe. Evaluation of all tissues included assessment of cellular infiltration. At least five sections were examined for each organ and scores averaged.

Viral Load

[00312] Viral load was measured by qPCR and TCID50 in harvested tissue. To measure viral load, tissue was homogenized in a 10% w/v in DMEM with antibiotics using a bead mill homogenizer (Omni). Infectious virus titers were determined by 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay titrating 10-fold serial dilutions of the lung homogenate on Vero E6 cells and are expressed in log 10 TCID50 units per ml. RNA was extracted from 100 pi of brain homogenate using the Quick-RNA Viral Kit (Zymo Research) according to the manufacturer's protocol. qRT-PCR was performed using the iTaq 1- step universal probe kit (Bio-Rad) using the following PCR cycling conditions: 40 cycles of 15 s at 95°C, 15 s at 60°C and 20 s at 72°C.

Antibodies - Plaque Reduction Neutralization Titer

[00313] Hamster sera collected at Day 16 PI were heat inactivated for 30' at 56C. 50ul two-fold serial dilutions were performed in DMEM/1% FBS in 96-well U-bottom plates, starting with an initial dilution of 1:5. Approximately 30 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 Washington/ 1/2020 in 50ul DMEM/1% FBS was added to the serum dilutions and mixed, bringing the final volume in the neutralization wells to lOOul, and the total initial serum dilution to 1:10. Dilution plates were incubated for one hour at 37°C/5% C02.

[00314] The cell growth medium on 24-well plates containing confluent monolayers of Vero E6 cells (seeded one day prior in DMEM/5%FBS), was removed, and 150ul fresh DMEM/1%FBS was added, followed by lOOul of each neutralization reaction. After one hour virus adsorption at 37°C/5% C02, 0.75ml semisolid overlay was added to the 24 well plates for a final concentration of 1 X DMEM, 1.75% FBS, 0.3% Gum Tragacanth, lx Penicillin + Streptomycin, in a total volume of 1 ml. 24 well plates were incubated 48 hours at 37°C to allow for plaque formation. Plaques were visualized by fixing and staining the cell monolayers with 1% Crystal Violet in 50% Methanol/4% Formaldehyde. The plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT)50, 80, 90 was determined as the reciprocal of the last serum dilution that reduced plaque numbers by the pre-defined cutoff (50%, 80%, 90%) relative to the plaque numbers in non-neutralized wells (containing naive hamster serum). Sera that failed to neutralize at the lowest dilution (1:10) was assigned a titer of 5, and sera that neutralized at the highest tested serum dilution (1 : 1280) were assigned a titer of >1280.

Antibodies - IgG ELISA

[00315] Ninety-six well plates were coated with SARS-CoV-2(2019-nCoV) Spike Sl-His (Sino Biological) at 30ng/well in 50ng/ml BSA/0.05M Carbonate/Bicarbonate Buffer pH9.6 overnight at 4°C. Plates were blocked with 10% goat serum in PBS 2 hr at 37°C, washed four times with washing buffer (0.1% Tween 20 in PBS) then incubated with a serially diluted serum (1:10 starting dilution and two folds thereafter) in 10% Goat serum/0.05% Tween-20 in PBS and incubated lhr at 37°C. Plates were washed four times with washing buffer then incubated with 1:10,000 horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated affinity pure goat anti-Syrian hamster IgG (H & L) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.) for 1 hr at 37°C. After the incubation, the plates were washed four times with washing buffer and Thermo Scientific OPD (o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) was added for colorimetric reaction. Following 10 min of incubation in the dark at 25 °C, the reaction was stopped by adding 50ml 2.5M sulfuric acid solution and the resultant absorbance was read on a microplate reader at 490 nm. Relative IgG levels among different groups were reported and compared as the log of the dilution at which the intensity of OPD colorimetric reaction product reached five time above the background (no serum) control intensity.

Example 6

CDX-005 Characteristics

[00316] CDX-005 contains 283 and CDX-007 contains 149 silent mutations in the Spike gene relative to wt WA1 virus. The resulting full-length wt WA 1 and deoptimized cDNAs were transcribed in vitro to make full-length viral RNA that was electroporated into Vero E6 cells. Transfected cells were incubated for 6 days or until CPE appeared. Infection medium was collected on Days 2, 4, and 6. Virus titer was determined by plaque assay on Vero E6 cells. Plaques were visible as early as Day 2 post transfection, with peak virus generation on Days 4-6. Though plaques formed by CDX-005 and CDX-007 are smaller than wt, both grow robustly in Vero E6 cells, indicating their suitability for scale-up manufacturing. Thus, as with our other SAVE vaccines, we were able to rapidly generate multiple vaccine candidates with different degrees of attenuation.

[00317] Since CDX-005 is more deoptimized and more attenuated than CDX-007 but grows robustly enough to be produced at scale, to maximize in vivo safety, we selected it for further study. In CDX-005, 1,272 nucleotides of the Spike ORF were codon pair deoptimized for human cells, yielding 283 silent mutations. The polybasic fiirin cleavage site was removed from the Spike protein for added attenuation and safety.

[00318] We performed growth optimization studies for CDX-005 in our GMP characterized animal origin-free (AOF) Vero (WHO- 10-87) cells so that we can begin large scale vaccine production by Q42020. Growth at 33°C results in higher titers for both CDX-005 and wt WA 1 than at 37°C Virus peaks before the cytopathic effect (CPE) is observed, with 80-90% of virus being cell associated at the peak. Though the kinetics differ, similar virus titers can be achieved at 0.01 MOI and 0.0001 MOI.

[00319] We also investigated optimal conditions for virus harvest. Vero WHO 10-87 cells were grown DMEM with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C/5% CO2. At 48h post-infection with CDX- 005 in culture at 33°C, cells and supernatant were harvested using the schemes described in Figure 11. [00320] The data demonstrate that 48 hr after 0.01 MOI infection at 33°C most CDX-005 is cell- associated (-80-90%) but that virus recovery from Vero cells is straight-forward. Hypotonic lysis is an effective means to harvest CDX-005, and the broad lysis window suggests this method will be feasible in scaled batches where some flexibility may be beneficial.

[00321] Freeze/thaw lysis is also effective and FBS is neither necessary nor beneficial. This is desirable both because FBS during infection can lead to Vero cell overgrowth, reducing virus yield, and the FDA prefers serum-free production. Also of note, CDX-005 appears to be stable when frozen in plain DMEM as FBS provided little or no stabilization at least after two freeze/thaw cycles. Thus, with optimal timing of harvest, whether grown at 33°C or 37°C, crude bulk titers of 2-3 x 10⁷ PFU/ml of CDX-005 are routinely observed, or about 10⁶ PFU/cm² growth surface area.

[00322] Based on these studies we are currently growing CDX-005 by inoculating Vero (WHO- 10-87) cells with 0.01 MOI at 33°C. We have selected and tested a vaccine formulation of DMEM with 5% sucrose and 5% glycine for our first-in-human studies in the UK. In this formulation, CDX- 005 is stable for at least three freeze-thaw cycles and one month at -80°C (the longest tested storage duration thus far).

[00323] Finally, as a first step in assessing the genomic stability of CDX-005, we have sequenced viral passages 1-6 after propagating the virus on Vero (WHO 10-87) cells. The data indicate that the virus is extremely stable. Sequencing of passage 6 revealed no subpopulations. We have grown and harvested nine passages and are currently sequencing passage 9. We will have completed harvesting and sequencing of passage 10 by the beginning of the work described here.

Example 7

Assess immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 (wt WA1) and CDX-005 by serum IgG antibody ELISAs and PENT assays.

[00324] Thl/Th2: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are present relatively early and increase over time in infected individuals. The strongest T-cell responses appear to be directed to the Spike (S) surface glycoprotein, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells predominantly produce effector and Thl cytokines, although Th2 and Thl 7 cytokines are detected. It has been suggested that Thl and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes are the immune cells most affected by SARS-CoV-2, and that T-cell responses and the Thl/Th2 balance may in part dictate the severity of COVID-19. In older individuals who commonly have dampened Thl responses, the immune system may be forced into a Th2 response to counteract the viral load, producing all the negative effects of the Th2 response, seriously aggravating the clinical picture. Interestingly, T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 also differ in adults and children. Adults, but not children who developed COVID-19 show increased numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 cells expressing D related antigen (DR) and plasma IL-12, IL-Ib, and CXCL9 levels. These suggest prominent Thl polarization of immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected adults as compared with children. Because CDX-005 is a live virus, which unlike other vaccine classes can boost immune response by inducing T cell responses, studying the Thl/Th2 balance as directed by the FDA is particularly relevant.

[00325] As specified by the FDA, we will measure mRNA levels in lung tissue for Thl/Th2 factors interferon gamma (IFNy). interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNRb), IL4, IL10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF ). Tissue homogenates will be analyzed by qPCR using published hamster-specific primers and conditions. The assays will be performed at Bioqual using standard in-house procedures.

[00326] We expect that both wt WA1 and CDX-005 inoculation will induce a predominantly Thl response since these will be young (but not juvenile animals). We expect that there will be a different response to initial inoculation compared to challenge and that those differences may provide insight into the nature of the immune response engendered by SARS-CoV-2.

Example 8

Assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 (wt WA1) and CDX-005 on Thl/Th2 balance by qPCR [00327] Efficacy: We will perform a standard challenge study to assess late passage CDX-005 vaccine efficacy. Hamsters inoculated with either 5 x 10⁴ PFU CDX-005 or Vehicle will be challenged with ~1.0 x 10⁵ TCID50 wt WA1 on Day 27. Day 27 was selected based on other hamster studies and our own data. Three mock challenged animals will be included as contemporaneous negative controls, one for each of the three time points at which we will sacrifice challenged animals. Again the choice of sacrifice at Day 2 and 4 post-challenge is based on published and our own data. We have included a later time point at the suggestion of the FDA and to better understand SARS- CoV-2 induced immune responses. Analysis of hamster serum and tissue will include the same analyses using the same protocols as for hamsters that received only inoculum.

[00328] We expect that late passage CDX-005 inoculation will provide protection against challenge similar to that of early passage virus. Data suggest that CDX-005 vaccination is highly effective, reducing Day 2 qPCR lung titers by at least 5,000-fold. A more than 100-fold loss of efficacy or significant differences in measures of safety (i.e., biodistribution, histopathology, or attenuation) of late passage relative to early passage CDX-005 would warrant further examination. We would inform the FDA and work with them to decide on next steps.

Example 9

[00329] As a prelude to moving CDX-005 to first-in-human clinical trials, we examined response of non-human primates to the vaccine. We have inoculated, intranasally, fifteen African green monkeys, six with 10⁶ PFU wt WA1, six with 10⁶ PFU CDX-005, and three with Dulbecco’s PBS. Our findings show that while viral titers in lavage fluid of wt WA1 and CDX-005 inoculated animals were similar at Day 4 PI, viral titers remained high in wt WA1 but plummeted to undetectable in CDX-005 inoculated monkeys. These data further demonstrate CDX-005’s potential as a SARS-CoV- 2 vaccine.

Example 10

First-in-human, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-escalation Study in Healthy Yong Adults Evaluating the Safety and Immunogenicity of COVI-VAC [00330] COVI-VAC is a live, attenuated vaccine having CDX-005 for prevention of COVID-19. The attenuated virus, carries 283 designed silent mutations with a human codon-pair deoptimized nucleic acid sequence in the gene encoding the viral spike protein and deletion of the ftirin cleavage site in the spike gene. In addition, it carries 2 silent and 5 nonsilent mutations that were selected for during the virus recovery process in Vero cells.

[00331] Primary Study Objective is to assess the safety and tolerability of COVI-VAC at 1 or 2 doses of approximately 5xl0⁴, 5xl0⁵, and 5xl0⁶ plaque -forming units (PFU) administered by nose drops. The Endpoints are: reactogenicity events for 14 days after each dose; adverse events (AEs) from Day 1 to Day 57; medically attended AEs (MAAEs), new-onset chronic illnesses (NCIs), serious AEs (SAEs) from Day 1 to Day 400.

[00332] Secondary Study Objective is to assess the humoral immunogenicity of COVI-VAC administered by nose drops. Endpoints are: immunoglobulin G (IgG) titre measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum collected on Days 1, 15, 29, 43, 57, 120, 210, and 400; neutralizing antibody level measured by microneutralization assay in serum collected on Days 1, 15, 29, 43, 57, 120, 210, and 400.

[00333] Exploratory objectives and endpoints include:

• to measure magnitude and duration of vaccine virus shedding after COVI-VAC administered by nose drops: copy number/mL as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay in nasopharyngeal swab samples; Culture results from stool samples collected on Days 4/5 and 14/15;

• to assess cellular immunogenicity of COVI-VAC administered by nose drops; to assess mucosal immunogenicity of COVI-VAC administered by nose drops: Spot-forming units (SFUj/lO⁶ cells measured by interferon-gamma (IFN-g) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot) in whole-killed virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected on Days 1, 8, 29, and 36;

Ill • to assess mucosal immunogenicity of COVI-VAC administered by nose drops: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) titre measured by ELISA in nasal wick samples collected on Days 1, 15, 29, 43, and 57;

• to measure incidence of respiratory illness, including that due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, after COVI-VAC administered by nose drops: Results of multiplex PCR respiratory panel (including SARS-CoV-2); Results of multiplex PCR respiratory panel (including SARS-CoV- 2) in subjects with respiratory MAAEs; and

• to assess the genetic stability of the vaccine virus: Sequence analysis of vaccine virus from nasopharyngeal swab samples

[00334] This study is a Phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of COVI-VAC in healthy adults aged 18 to 30 years. Potential subjects will be screened using the site’s generic screening process, and individuals who pass this screen will be admitted to the Quarantine Unit 1 to 2 days before dosing (Day -2/-1) and provide informed consent. They will then be screened for eligibility for this study before randomisation on Day 1. Approximately 48 subjects who meet all study inclusion and no exclusion criteria will be enrolled in 3 escalating-dose cohorts and randomised within each cohort in a 3:3:2 ratio to receive 2 doses of COVI-VAC/placebo (normal saline) as shown in the table below.

[00335] Cohort 1 will include a sentinel group of 3 subjects (2 active, 1 placebo). The Safety Review Committee (SRC) will review blinded safety data for these 3 subjects through Day 8 before the remaining subject in Cohort 1 are dosed.

[00336] Subjects will remain in the Quarantine Unit until 14 days after Dose 1 (and Dose 2 if administered in the inpatient setting) and will be discharged on Day 15 (and 43, if applicable) unless the subject is experiencing clinically significant symptoms or evidence of ongoing viral infection or the Quarantine Unit has been informed by the laboratory unit that the subject is shedding vaccine virus at a level with more than a low transmission risk as documented in the Risk Management Plan (on the basis of Day 14/42 nasopharyngeal swab sample). These subjects will continue to be confined in the Quarantine Unit until qPCR assay results are consistent with low transmission risk (samples will be collected twice daily). [00337] The SRC will also review blinded safety data through Day 15 and blinded nasopharyngeal swab shedding data through at least Day 8 to determine if the cohort of subjects will be confined in the Quarantine Unit for 14 days after Dose 2 or will be discharged on Day 29 and subsequently seen as outpatients. If subjects are to be seen as outpatients, the SRC will also decide using these data on which 2 days in the first week after Dose 2 the subjects will return to the unit for visits. If subjects are to be seen as inpatients, the SRC will also determine the frequency of nasopharyngeal swab sample collection (no greater than twice daily).

[00338] Each subject will record reactogenicity (local events, systemic events, and temperature) in a diary daily for 14 days after the COVI-VAC/placebo dose.

[00339] All AEs and concomitant medications will be recorded from signing of the informed consent form (ICF) to Day 57. Thereafter to the end of the study (Day 400), only MAAEs, NCIs, SAEs, immunosuppressive medications, blood products, and vaccines will be recorded. Samples for safety laboratory tests (haematology, biochemistry, coagulation, urinalysis) will be collected before Dose 1 and on Days 8, 36, and 57. A complete physical examination will be performed on Day 2/1, and targeted and symptom-driven physical examinations will be performed predose on Day 1 and Day 29; 2 hours after each dose; on Days 2/30, 4/32, 8/36, and 15/43 while in the Quarantine Unit, and at each outpatient visit in the Dosing Period. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) and vital signs (including oxygen saturation) will be measured predose on Days 1 and 29; 2 hours after each dose; on Days 2/30, 4/32, 8/36, and 15/43 while in the Quarantine Unit; and at each outpatient visit in the Dosing Period. An electrocardiogram (ECG) will be performed before Dose 1 and on Days 2, 8 and 57. A chest X-ray will be performed 14 to 22 days after Dose 1 (between Day 15 and Day 22).

[00340] A serum sample will be collected from each subject for evaluation of IgG titre measured by ELISA and neutralizing antibody level measured by microneutralization predose on Days 1 and 29 and on Days 15, 43, 57, 120, 210, and 400. A whole blood sample will be collected from each subject and processed to isolate PBMCs for evaluation of T-cell response by IFN-g ELISpot predose on Days 1 and 29 and on Days 8 and 36.

[00341] A nasopharyngeal swab sample will be collected from each subject twice daily (frequency may be reduced after Dose 2) while in the Quarantine Unit (except postdose only on Day 1, predose only on Day 29 if subjects are admitted on an outpatient basis for Dose 2, and 1 sample only on Day 15/43) and at outpatient visits as determined after Dose 2 to measure concentration of vaccine virus for assessment of shedding by qPCR assay. Once a negative result for an individual subject is obtained, later samples for that subject may not be tested. Samples with evidence of vaccine virus shedding will be retained for potential viral sequencing. A swab sample from stool will be collected on Days 4 or 5 and 14 or 15 to measure vaccine virus for titre. [00342] A nasal wick sample will be collected from each subject for measurement of IgA by ELISA for evaluation of mucosal immune response predose on Days 1 and 29 and on Days 15, 43, and 57.

[00343] If a subject experiences acute symptoms compatible with viral respiratory infection, nasopharyngeal swab samples will be collected for multiplex PCR respiratory panel (including SARS- CoV-2).

[00344] Any sample positive for SARS-CoV-2 will be retained for analysis to determine if it is wild-type SARS-CoV-2 or vaccine virus.

[00345] Each subject will participate in the study for approximately 13 months, including the screening period. The end of the study is defined as the date of the last visit of the last subject participating in the study. The expected duration of study conduct is approximately 17 months, assuming 4 months to enroll subjects.

[00346] COVI-VAC is administered by nose drops, up to 2 doses at a 28-day interval. The minimum infectious dose for SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, but animal models result in reproducible infection at doses of 10⁴ to 10⁶ PFU. Weight-based extrapolation of the COVI-VAC dose that was well tolerated in the Syrian hamster model results in a dose of approximately 3.5 ^c 10⁷ PFU in a 70 kg human. The dose levels chosen for this study are likely to be both well tolerated and sufficient for evaluation of the activity of COVI-VAC.

Analyses

[00347] Safety : The number (percentage) of subjects with AEs (including MAAEs, NCIs, and SAEs) from Day 1 to Day 57 will be summarised for each Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) system organ class and preferred term and by group. The number (percentage) of subjects with MAAEs, with NCIs, and with SAEs from Day 1 to Day 400 will be summarised in a similar fashion. The number (percentage) of subjects with AEs by severity and by relationship to investigational medicinal product (IMP) will also be summarised. Listings of AEs, MAAEs, NCIs, and SAEs will be provided. The number (percentage) of subjects with local and reactogenicity systemic events after each dose will be summarised by group. Reactogenicity events will also be summarised by severity.

[00348] Summary statistics for continuous parameters (safety laboratory tests, PEF, and vital signs) will be presented by group as follows: predose, postdose, and change from predose to postdose assessment. The number and percentage of subjects with postvaccination safety laboratory values or vital sign values recorded as newly abnormal (i.e., an event with an increase in the toxicity grade relative to the baseline value and with a severity grade of moderate or higher) after study vaccination will be tabulated. Shift tables which cross-tabulate the predose and postdose safety laboratory values of each subject by severity grade will be prepared. [00349] Summaries of the number and percentage of subjects with normal, abnormal not clinically significant, and abnormal clinically significant interpretations for physical examinations, ECGs, and chest X-rays will be presented.

[00350] Immunogenicity: The primary variables of interest for assessment of humoral immune response to COVI-VAC are IgG titre and neutralizing antibody level. The following measures and their 95% CIs will be summarised by group:

• Geometric mean at baseline and on Days 15, 29, 43, 57, 120, 210, and 400

• Responder rate on Days 15, 29, 43, 57, 120, 210, and 400

[00351] Cellular and mucosal immune response data will be summarised in the same fashion at the relevant sample collection time points.

[00352] Shedding : Vaccine virus shedding data from nasopharyngeal and stool swab samples will be summarised by count and percent positive by time point along with median values. The median, interquartile range, minimum, and maximum duration of vaccine virus shedding will be presented by group for the nasopharyngeal swab results.

[00353] Respiratory Virus Incidence : Multiplex PCR respiratory panel (including SARS-CoV-2) results from symptomatic subjects and associated symptoms will be listed.

Assessments

Safety

[00354] Evaluation of safety is the primary objective for this study. Safety assessments are standard for early-phase clinical trials and are in accordance with FDA’s guidance on preventive vaccine clinical trials [FDA 2007] In addition, because of the inflammatory sequellae and hypercoagulability seen in wild-type infection, safety laboratory studies will also include C-reactive protein, IF-6 and TNF, d-dimer and high sensitivity troponin-T.

[00355] Vital sign assessments will include pulse oximetry and peak flow will also be recorded to assess subclinical respiratory impairment.

[00356] In addition, a chest X-ray will be performed 2 to 3 weeks after the first dose of CodaVax- COVID/placebo to monitor subjects for subclinical pulmonary inflammation. Evidence is emerging of the utility of chest imaging in early detection of COVID-19. Chest X-ray screening of asymptomatic individuals and symptomatic individuals with low clinical suspicion for COVID-19 immediately after strict local quarantine in Italy showed a high rate of abnormal findings. In a recent meta-analysis of clinical studies evaluating the proportion of positive chest imaging findings in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-COV-2, the authors concluded that asymptomatic cases can have positive chest imaging and that close clinical monitoring of asymptomatic individuals with radiographic findings is necessary because a significant percentage of them develop symptoms.

Immunogenicity

[00357] Binding and neutralizing serum antibodies are the most frequently assessed vaccine biomarkers, but cellular and mucosal immunity may play and equal or even more important role in preventing infection and disease and in reducing the risk of ongoing transmission. In this study serum binding and neutralizing antibodies will be measured as secondary endpoints and mucosal IgA and T- cell response as measured by IFN-g EFISpot as exploratory endpoints.

Shedding

[00358] Result from the hamster study indicate that carriage of the vaccine virus will be transient. Nasopharyngeal swab samples will be obtained for qPCR to determine how long the vector persists at the site of administration. Data published to date indicate that gastrointestinal shedding starts later and lasts longer than upper airway shedding although it is of unclear significance. Rectal swab samples will be collected in this study for plaque assay to evaluate gastrointestinal shedding of infectious virus.

Subject Population

[00359] For purposes of this study, Inclusion Criteria and Exclusion Criteria are set for as follows. Actual criteria for administration to the population at large can differ. These inclusion and exclusion criteria are not to be interpreted as limiting to the claims unless specifically provided for in the claims.

Inclusion Criteria

[00360] Subjects who meet all of the following criteria may be included in the study:

1. Men and women aged between 18 to 30 years of age, inclusive, on the day of signing the ICF

2. In good health with no history, or current evidence, of clinically significant medical conditions with particular reference to, but not restricted to, hypertension, diabetes, thromboembolic disorders, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, and no clinically significant test abnormalities that will interfere with subject safety, as defined by medical history, physical examination, vital signs (including oxygen saturation), ECG, spirometry, and safety laboratory tests as determined by the Investigator

3. Total body weight of >50 kg and body mass index (BMI) >18.0 kg/m² and <28.0 kg/m² (the upper limit of the BMI may be increased to <30 kg/m² at the Investigator’s discretion in case of a muscular healthy subject for whom BMI may be biased upwards)

4. Negative drugs of abuse, cotinine, and alcohol screen (unless explained by prescribed medication)

5. Negative pregnancy test for women who have not been surgically sterilised

6. Negative COVID Clear test

7. Willingness to comply with conditions to mitigate risk of vaccine virus transmission (the following conditions are a minimum standard but may be increased if public health authorities recommend a higher standard for mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission):

• Hygiene measures intended to prevent interpersonal transmission of study drug, including, but not limited to, frequent handwashing with soap or hand disinfectant, respiratory hygiene, and cough etiquette for at least 14 days after each IMP dose

• Wearing a surgical mask when in public areas or in contact with other people for at least 14 days after each IMP dose

• Sealing of all tissues and materials used to collect respiratory secretions in a primary container and placement within a secondary container not accessible to children or animals for at least 14 days after each IMP dose

• No close contact with vulnerable individuals for at least 14 days after each IMP dose. Vulnerable individuals include, but are not limited to, the following: o Persons >65 years of age o Children <1 year of age o Residents and workers in nursing homes o Persons of any age with significant chronic medical conditions such as: Chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Chronic cardiovascular disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, cardiac surgery, ischemic heart disease, known anatomic defects)

Morbid obesity

Insulin-dependent or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Medical follow-up or hospitalisation during the past 5 years because of chronic metabolic disease (e.g., renal dysfunction, haemoglobinopathies) Immunosuppression Cancer

Neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke, seizures) o Women who are pregnant or who are trying to become pregnant o Any other person defined as vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic Female subjects of childbearing potential must use one form of highly effective contraception. The contraception use must continue for at least 90 days after the last IMP dose. Highly effective contraception is as described below:

• Established use of hormonal methods of contraception described below (for >14 days before Day 1). When hormonal methods of contraception are used, male partners must use a condom with a spermicide: o Combined (oestrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:

Oral

Intravaginal

Transdermal o Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:

Oral

Injectable

Implantable

• Intrauterine device

• Intrauterine hormone-releasing system

• Bilateral tubal ligation

• Male sterilisation (with the appropriate postvasectomy documentation of the absence of sperm in the ejaculate) where the vasectomised male is the sole partner for that woman • True abstinence - sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the study treatments. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject.

9. Male subjects must agree to the contraceptive requirements below with use continuing for at least 90 days after last IMP dose:

• Use of a condom with a spermicide to prevent pregnancy in a female partner or to prevent exposure of any partner (male and female) to the IMP

• Male sterilisation with the appropriate postvasectomy documentation of the absence of sperm in the ejaculate (please note that the use of condom with spermicide will still be required to prevent partner exposure). This applies only to males participating in the study.

• In addition, for female partners of childbearing potential, that partner must use another form of contraception such as one of the highly effective methods mentioned above for female subjects.

• True abstinence - sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the study treatments. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject.

10. In addition to the contraceptive requirements above, male subjects must agree not to donate sperm for at least 90 days after the last IMP dose.

11. Willingness to participate and comply with all aspects of the study through the entire study period, including all visits to the research unit

12. Provision of written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

[00361] Subjects who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:

1. Haemoglobin Ale >6.0% or 42 mmol/mol

2. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVi) <80% predicted value

3. Signs or symptoms suggestive of upper or lower respiratory tract infection (including fever or persistent cough) within 28 days of Day 1

4. Pregnant, possibly pregnant, or lactating women Women who have been pregnant through the third trimester or given birth within the past 6 months Planning a pregnancy (subject or partner) within 90 days after the last IMP dose Inadequate venous access for repeated phlebotomy History of confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection Contact with any individual subsequently confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 within 14 days after contact History of wheeze treated with inhaler(s) Respiratory symptoms, including wheeze, that have ever resulted in hospitalisation Known bronchial hyperreactivity to viruses Any significant abnormality altering the anatomy of the nose in a substantial way or nasopharynx that may interfere with the aims of the study and in particular any of the nasal assessments or viral challenge (historical nasal polyps can be included, but large nasal polyps causing current and significant symptoms and/or requiring regular treatments in the last month are excluded) Any clinically significant history of epistaxis (large nosebleeds) within the last 3 months before Day 1 or history of being hospitalised due to epistaxis on any previous occasion Any nasal or sinus surgery within 3 months before Day 1 History of nasal surgery or nasal cauterisation History of autoimmune or demyelinating illness History of Bell’s palsy History of psychosis, hospitalisation for psychiatric illness, clinically relevant depression, or suicide attempt in the past 10 years History of seizures (other than childhood febrile seizures), dementia, or progressive neurological disease History of postinfectious or postvaccine neurological sequelae, including Guillain-Barre syndrome History of severe reaction to immunisation History of anaphylaxis or a history of severe allergic reaction or significant intolerance to any food or drug, as assessed by the Investigator Known or suspected malignancy, except for non-melanoma skin cancers and other early stage surgically excised malignancies that the Investigator considers exceedingly unlikely to recur Immunodeficiency, including the use of corticosteroids (including intranasal steroids), alkylating drugs, antimetabolites, radiation, immune-modulating biologies, or other immunomodulating therapies within 90 days before Day 1 or planned use of any of these during the study (topical steroid creams of mild to moderate potency used on the skin are allowed) Any other chronic medical condition that is not stable or requiring medication changes within 30 days before Day 1 Receipt of any licensed or investigational coronavirus vaccine or inoculation with SARS- CoV-2 Receipt of >3 IMPs within 12 months before Day 1 Participation in a viral challenge study with a respiratory virus within 90 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) before Day 1 Receipt of an IMP within 90 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) before Day 1 Receipt of blood transfusion or blood products within 90 days before Day 1 or planned use during the study Receipt of an intranasal vaccine within 90 days before Day 1 Receipt of any vaccine, tuberculosis skin test, or allergy antigen inoculation within 30 days before Day 1 or planned receipt through Day 57 Receipt of intranasal steroids within 30 days before Day 1 or of any other intranasal medications (including over-the-counter medications but excluding saline) within 7 days before Day 1 Current use of any medication for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 Planned hospitalisation or surgical procedure through Day 57 Regular or current use of intranasal illicit drugs History or presence of alcohol addiction, or excessive use of alcohol (weekly intake >28 units alcohol; 1 unit being a half glass of beer, a small glass of wine, or a measure of spirits) Excessive consumption of xanthine containing substances (e.g., daily intake >5 cups of caffeinated drinks, e.g., coffee, tea, cola). Current smokers of any type (e.g., cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, marijuana) Smoking history of >5 pack-years or any smoking in the last 30 days before Day 1 Strenuous exercise for 48 hours before admission on Day -2 or Day -1 Blood donation of >470 mL within 90 days before Day 1 Clinically significant ECG abnormality as determined by the Investigator Positive result for HIV, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus or active hepatitis A virus infection Any medical, psychiatric, or social condition or occupational or other responsibility that, in the judgment of the Investigator, would interfere with or serve as a contraindication to protocol adherence, assessment of safety (including reactogenicity), or a subject’s ability to give informed consent

47. Any reason that in the Investigator’s opinion raises a concern that the subject will not be able to cope with quarantine requirements

48. Employee or immediate relative of employee of Codagenix, vendors, or research sites associated with the study

[00362] Subjects who fail to meet inclusion and exclusion criteria can be rescreened at the discretion of the Investigator, in consultation with the Sponsor, and may participate in the study if they meet inclusion and exclusion criteria at a later date.

Temporary Delay Criteria

[00363] Administration of COVI-VAC/placebo will be delayed for any subject who meets any of the following criteria:

1. Epistaxis (nosebleed) within past 3 days

2. Symptoms of upper respiratory infection or fever (subjective or objective) or malaise within past 3 days

[00364] Any signs of symptoms that could inhibit the proper administration of the IMP or interpretation of diary data (e.g., temperature >38°C, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea)

[00365] Various embodiments of the invention are described above in the Detailed Description. While these descriptions directly describe the above embodiments, it is understood that those skilled in the art may conceive modifications and/or variations to the specific embodiments shown and described herein. Any such modifications or variations that fall within the purview of this description are intended to be included therein as well. Unless specifically noted, it is the intention of the inventors that the words and phrases in the specification and claims be given the ordinary and accustomed meanings to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art(s).

[00366] The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention known to the applicant at this time of filing the application has been presented and is intended for the purposes of illustration and description. The present description is not intended to be exhaustive nor limit the invention to the precise form disclosed and many modifications and variations are possible in the light of the above teachings. The embodiments described serve to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying out the invention. [00367] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this invention. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.).

[00368] As used herein the term “comprising” or “comprises” is used in reference to compositions, methods, and respective component(s) thereof, that are useful to an embodiment, yet open to the inclusion of unspecified elements, whether useful or not. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). Although the open-ended term “comprising,” as a synonym of terms such as including, containing, or having, is used herein to describe and claim the invention, the present invention, or embodiments thereof, may alternatively be described using alternative terms such as “consisting of’ or “consisting essentially of.”

]

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A polynucleotide encoding one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of a parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: wherein the polynucleotide is recoded compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide, and wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins, or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide remains the same, or wherein the amino acid sequence of the one or more viral proteins or one or more fragments thereof of the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encoded by the polynucleotide comprises up to 20 amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions.

2. A polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a wild-type SARS-CoV-2.

3. A polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a natural isolate SARS-CoV-2.

4. A polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is Washington isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus having a nucleic acid sequence of GenBank accession no. MN985325.1.

5. A polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is BetaCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019 isolate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (SEQ ID NO:l).

6. A polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a SARS-CoV-2 variant.

7. A polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a SARS-CoV-2 variant selected from the group consisting of U.K. variant, South Africa variant, and Brazil variant.

8. A polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded by reducing codon-pair bias (CPB) or reducing codon usage bias compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

9. A polynucleotide of any one of claim 1-7, wherein the polynucleotide is recoded by increasing the number of CpG or UpA di-nucleotides compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

10. A polynucleotide of any one of the above claims, wherein each of the recoded one or more viral proteins, or each of the recoded one or more fragments thereof has a codon pair bias less than, -0.05, less than -0.1, less than -0.2, less than -0.3, or less than -0.4.

11. A polynucleotide of any one of the above claims, wherein the polynucleotide is CPB deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

12. A polynucleotide of any one of the above claims, wherein the polynucleotide is codon deoptimized compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus polynucleotide.

13. A polynucleotide of any one of claims 11-12, wherein the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in humans.

14. A polynucleotide of any one of claims 11-12, wherein the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a coronavirus.

15. A polynucleotide of any one of claims 11-12, wherein the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

16. A polynucleotide of any one of claims 11-12, wherein the codon-deoptimized or CPB deoptimized is based on frequently used codons or CPB in a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

17. A polynucleotide of any one of the above claims, comprising a recoded nucleotide sequence selected from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a fragment of RdRP, a spike protein, a fragment of spike protein, and combinations thereof.

18. A polynucleotide of any one of the above claims, comprising at least one CPB deoptimized region selected from bp 11294-12709, bp 14641-15903, bp 21656-22306, bp 22505-23905, and bp 24110-25381 of SEQ ID NO:l or SEQ ID NO:2.

19. A polynucleotide of any one of the above claims, comprising a recoded spike protein or a fragment of spike protein wherein the ftirin cleavage site is eliminated.

20. A polynucleotide of claim 1, having SEQ ID NO:4, nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:7, or nucleotides 1-29,834 ofSEQ ID NO:7.

21. A polynucleotide of claim 20, further comprising one or more consecutive adenines on the 3 ’ end.

22. A polynucleotide of claim 1, having SEQ ID NO:3.

23. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) comprising a polynucleotide of any one of claims 1- 22

24. A vector comprising a polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-22.

25. A cell comprising a polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-22, a BAC of claim 23, or a vector of 24.

26. The cell of claim 25, wherein the cell is Vero cell or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell.

27. A polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-22.

28. A modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising a polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-22.

29. A modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-22.

30. A modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of claim 28 or claim 29, wherein expression of one or more of its viral proteins is reduced compared to its parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

31. A modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of any one of claims 28-30, wherein the reduction in the expression of one or more of its viral proteins is reduced as the result of recoding a region selected from RdRP, spike protein and combinations thereof.

32. A modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising a polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and one or more consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

33. A modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus comprising a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4, or nucleotides 1-29,834 of SEQ ID NO:4 and one or more consecutive adenines on the 3’ end.

34. A vaccine composition for inducing a protective an immune response in a subject, comprising: a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of any one of claims 28-33.

35. The vaccine composition of claim 34, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

36. An immune composition for eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of any one of claims 28-33.

37. The immune composition of claim 36, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

38. A method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a dose of: a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of any one of claims 28-33, or a vaccine composition of claim 34 or claim 35, or an immune composition of claim 36 or claim 37.

39. A method of eliciting an immune response in a subject, comprising: administering to the subject a prime dose of a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of any one of claims 28-33, or a vaccine composition of claim 34 or claim 35, or an immune composition of claim 36 or claim 37; and administering to the subject one or more boost doses of a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus of any one of claims 28-33, or a vaccine composition of claim 34 or claim 35, or an immune composition of claim 36 or claim 37.

40. A method of any one of claims 38-39, wherein the immune response is a protective immune response.

41. A method of any one of claims 38-40, wherein the dose is a prophylactically effective or therapeutically effective dose.

42. A method of any one of claims 38-41, wherein administering is via a nasal route.

43. A method of any one of claims 38-41, wherein administering is via nasal drop.

44. A method of any one of claims 38-41, wherein administering is via nasal spray.

45. A method of any one of claims 38-45, wherein the dose is about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU, or the prime dose is about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU and the one or more boost dose is about 10⁴-10⁶ PFU.

46. A method of making a modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, comprising: obtaining a nucleotide sequence encoding one or more proteins of a parent SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus or one or more fragments thereof; recoding the nucleotide sequence to reduce protein expression of the one or more proteins, or the one or more fragments thereof; and substituting a nucleic acid having the recoded nucleotide sequence into the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome to make the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome, wherein expression of the recoded nucleotide sequence is reduced compared to the parent virus.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the parent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequence is a wild- type (wt) viral nucleic acid.

48. A method of claim 46, wherein the modified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is any one of claims 28-33.