WO2021152276A1

WO2021152276A1 - Covering for baking products produced in the bakery/viennoiserie/patisserie sector

Info

Publication number: WO2021152276A1
Application number: PCT/FR2021/050176
Authority: WO
Inventors: Philippe HEMERAY
Original assignee: Ste D'application Des Silicones Alimentaires
Priority date: 2020-01-31
Filing date: 2021-01-29
Publication date: 2021-08-05
Also published as: FR3106722B1; FR3106722A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of producing products in the bakery/viennoiserie/patisserie sector and more particularly to a covering for a baking/proving tray intended for proving and/or baking products produced in the bakery/viennoiserie/patisserie sector, a baking and/or proving sheet for products produced in the bakery/viennoiserie/patisserie sector comprising the covering, and the use of the covering or the sheet for baking products produced in the bakery/viennoiserie/patisserie sector.

Description

Title: Coating for baking products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector

Technical area

The present invention falls within the field of the manufacture of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector and more particularly a coating for baking / fermentation support intended for the growth and / or baking of products from the sector of bakery / pastry / pastry, a baking and / or pushing plate for products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector comprising said coating, as well as the use of said coating or said plate for baking products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

Prior art

The way of baking bread, which gives the best product quality, is the ancestral one of baking on stone hearth in an oven. This method consists in particular of a supply of heat in conduction through the sole of the bread and in radiation through the roof of the oven.

Industrially, this type of oven is expensive and manufacturers are therefore looking for a solution to obtain a baking rendering as close as possible to baking on a floor but using automatic line ovens, without a floor, with heat transfer by convection and also a little by radiation.

[0004] Thus, a "sole effect" baking support should make it possible to manufacture a bakery product, such as a baguette for example, with the objective of obtaining a product with characteristics of crispness, texture, of taste, of conservation, similar to that of a product by cooking on a floor, but with an oven without a floor (automatic bakery line, ovens with rotary trolleys, etc.).

[0005] Coatings based on silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) have thus been developed but have the drawback of leading to a phenomenon of bubbling and / or marking during firing. Bubbling is the appearance of blistering in the sole (sole) of the bread due to the trapping of water vapor between the dough and the support during baking. This phenomenon appears in particular when the support does not have a perforation with a sufficient void rate.

The marking is the mark left on the sole of the bread in particular by the perforation. In particular, it is detrimental from a commercial point of view because consumers classify breads bearing such marks as poor quality breads. Various types of perforations have been tried but these marks always appear in the final product.

[0008] Thus, there is a need for coatings making it possible to avoid these bubbling and marking problems during baking and to obtain products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector with a similar visual appearance or identical to that of products obtained by baking on hearth and improved durability, in particular improved abrasion resistance and thermal resistance.

Continuing its research through a large number of works, the Applicant company has found that a coating whose topcoat comprises a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone in specific proportions, namely in a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65: 35 and 35:65, achieves this goal.

Summary

A first object of the present invention relates to a coating for a baking / fermentation support intended for the growth and / or baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector, said coating comprising a primer layer intended for be fixed on a support and a topcoat intended to come into contact with products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector, the topcoat comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, the topcoat comprising particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer, generating a surface roughness suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels during the growth and / or baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

The invention also relates to a process for preparing a coating for a baking / fermentation support intended for the growth and / or baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector comprising successively the following steps:

- application of a layer of primer on a support,

- application to said primer coat of a top coat comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55 : 45 and 45:55, the topcoat comprising particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer, characterized in that the topcoat is applied with a wet deposit of between 110 g / m ² and 140 g / m ² .

Another object of the invention relates to a baking and / or pushing plate for products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector comprising a coating according to the present invention and a support, the primer layer of the coating being attached to said support.

[0013] According to another aspect, there is provided a process for preparing products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector using a coating according to the invention and / or a plate according to the invention.

According to another aspect, there is proposed the use of a composition comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone, in which the fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio is between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, to obtain a surface roughness suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels in a coating or a baking sheet and / or product growth from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector. Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the following detailed description.

detailed description

A coating is provided for a baking / fermentation support intended for the growth and / or baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector, said coating comprising a layer of primer intended to be fixed on a support and a topcoat intended to come into contact with products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector, the topcoat comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, the topcoat comprising particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer, generating a surface roughness suitable for the creation of discharge channels moisture when growing and / or baking products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

By "products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector" is meant, within the meaning of the present invention any food product based on a dough requiring baking in an oven, such as breads, baguettes, sandwich breads, buns, pastries, cakes, pies, cookies. Specific examples of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector are breads, baguettes, sandwich breads, buns, pains au lait and hot dog breads, more particularly baguettes, buns and bread rolls. milk.

By "fluoropolymer" or "fluoropolymer" is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a polymer whose repeating unit is a fluorocarbon, and which therefore comprises multiple strong carbon-fluorine bonds.

By "polyaryletherketone" is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a polymer comprising a sequence of stable aromatic rings consisting of phenylene rings joined together by an oxygen atom (ether aromatic: Ar-O-Ar) and / or a carbonyl group (aromatic ketone: Ar-C (O) - Ar).

The coating for cooking / fermentation support according to the invention comprises a primer layer which has the role of ensuring adhesion to the support and a topcoat intended to give the final characteristics of the coating.

The primer layer of the coating according to the invention can comprise any material known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the primer layer comprises a fluoropolymer. More particularly, the primer layer comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

The primer layer of the coating according to the invention may further comprise one or more additives such as dyes, pigments such as for example iron oxides or titanium dioxide, reinforcing fillers, adhesion promoters , stabilizers and / or rheological additives.

In particular, the primer layer can comprise one or more dyes. The presence of dyes of various kinds in the primer layer can allow colorimetric differentiation depending on the intended use of the coating, such as, for example, allergen-free, gluten-free, organic productions, etc. primary are black, green, brown, gray or red.

The primer layer can be applied to a support by means of any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, by means of a compressed air gun.

In particular, the primer layer may have a thickness of between 1 μm and 50 μm, particularly between 2 μm and 40 μm, more particularly between 4 μm and 35 μm, even more particularly between 6 μm and 30 μm, always more particularly between 8 pm and 25 pm, in particular between 10 pm and 20 pm, very particularly between 11 pm and 19 pm, for example between 12 pm and 18 pm. The topcoat intended to come into contact with products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector is then applied to the primer layer.

Surprisingly and unexpectedly, the Applicant has shown that the presence of a mixture of a fluoropolymer and of a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65 in the topcoat of the coating for baking / fermentation support provides a surface roughness suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels during the growth and / or baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector while maintaining good thermal resistance and abrasion resistance of the coating.

In fact, and without wishing to be bound by any theory, the Applicant believes that the fluoropolymer provides the anti-adhesion characteristics of the coating and the polyaryletherketone provides the surface macroroughness which makes it possible to improve the evacuation of the humidity during growth and / or cooking. Since the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are not miscible with each other, the topcoat thus comprises particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer.

The fluoropolymer present in the topcoat of the coating according to the invention can be chosen from poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), perfluoropolyoxetane. In particular, the fluoropolymer present in the coating according to the invention may be perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

The polyaryletherketone present in the topcoat of the coating according to the invention can be chosen from polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketonketone (PEEKK), polyetherketonecetone (PEKK) and polyetherketonketone (PEKK) and polyetherketonketone) . In particular, the polyaryletherketone present in the coating according to the invention can be polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

The fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the topcoat of the coating with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55.

Preferably, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the finishing layer of the coating with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 54:46 and 46:54, in particular between 53:47 and 47:53, more particularly between 52:48 and 48:52, even more particularly between 51: 49 and 49:51.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the topcoat of the coating with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of approximately 50:50. More preferably, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the topcoat of the coating with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of 50:50.

The mixture of fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone can be produced by means of any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, by means of a sieve.

The mixture of fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone obtained is in the form of a powder and can then be applied to the primer layer by means of any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as for example by means of an electrostatic gun as well as an instrument equipped with a vibrating table and an instrument equipped with a fluidized reservoir. Advantageously, these two pieces of equipment make it possible to be able to spray and apply the mixture of fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone in a homogeneous manner.

Thus, the application of the top coat on the primer layer leads to obtaining the coating of the invention. The coating of the invention has a surface roughness suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels during the growth and / or baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector. maintaining good thermal resistance and good abrasion resistance of the coating.

By "surface roughness" is meant within the meaning of the present invention the irregularities, micro-geometric or macro-geometric, present at the surface of the coating. These irregularities are defined by comparison with an "average" line and are classified into two categories: asperities or "peaks", and cavities or "hollows".

[0039] Thus, the surface of the coating according to the invention comprises asperities and cavities.

The height of the asperities or peaks present at the surface of the coating according to the invention, or in other words the thickness of the finishing layer of the coating according to the invention at the level of the asperities, can be between 75 pm and 250 pm, in particular between 80 pm and 250 pm, between 85 pm and 250 pm, between 90 pm and 250 pm, between 95 pm and 250 pm, between 100 pm and 250 pm, between 110 pm and 250 pm, between 75 pm and 240 pm, between 80 pm and 240 pm, between 85 pm and 240 pm, between 90 pm and 240 pm, between 95 pm and 240 pm, between 100 pm and 240 pm, between 110 pm and 240 pm, between 75 pm and 235 pm, between 80 pm and 235 pm, between 85 pm and 235 pm, between 90 pm and 235 pm, between 95 pm and 235 pm, between 100 pm and 235 pm, between 110 pm and 235 pm, between 75 pm and 230 pm, between 80 pm and 230 pm, between 85 pm and 230 pm, between 90 pm and 230 pm, between 95 pm and 230 pm, between 100 pm and 230 pm, between 110 pm and 230 pm, between 75 pm and 225 pm, between 80 pm and 225 pm, between 85 pm and 225 pm, between 90 pm and 225 pm, between 95 p m and 225 pm, between 100 pm and 225 pm, between 110 pm and 225 pm, between 75 pm and 223 pm, between 80 pm and 223 pm, between 85 pm and 223 pm, between 90 pm and 223 pm, between 95 pm and 223 pm, between 100 pm and 223 pm, between 110 pm and 225 pm.

The height of the cavities or hollows present on the surface of the coating according to the invention, or in other words the thickness of the finishing layer of the coating according to the invention at the level of the cavities, can be between 15 mhh and 70 mhh, in particular between 20 mhh and 70 mhh, between 23 mhh and 70 mhh, between 15 mhh and 65 mhh, between 20 mhh and 65 mhh, between 23 mhh and 65 mhh.

The spaces thus present at the level of the cavities between two asperities form channels allowing moisture to be evacuated during the growth and / or cooking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

[0043] The surface roughness of the coating of the invention can be measured using any method known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the surface roughness of the coating of the invention can be measured by means of a roughness meter, such as for example a Mituyoyo SURFTEST SJ-210 roughness meter, according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard.

Thus, the coating of the invention advantageously has a surface roughness whose arithmetic mean deviation Ra measured by means of a roughness meter according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard is between 5 and 60 μm, in particular between 10. and 50 µm, more particularly between 15 and 45 µm. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “arithmetic mean deviation Ra” means the arithmetic mean value of the heights of the profile over a base length of the coating, in other words, the arithmetic mean value between the height of the peaks and the depth of the peaks. hollow along a base length of the coating. In particular, the arithmetic mean deviation Ra can be between 5 and 50 pm, between 5 and 45 pm, between 10 and 60 pm, between 10 and 45 pm, between 15 and 60 pm, between 15 and 50 pm.

Advantageously, the coating of the invention also has a surface roughness whose root mean square Rq measured by means of a roughness meter according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard is between 5 and 60 μm, in particular between 10 and 55 µm, more particularly between 15 and 50 µm. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “root mean square Rq” means the root mean square value of the heights of the profile over a base length of the coating, in other words, the root mean square value between the height of the peaks and the depth of the troughs. over a base length of the coating. In particular, the root mean square Rq can be between 5 and 55 pm, between 5 and 50 pm, between 10 and 60 pm, between 10 and 50 pm, between 15 and 60 pm, between 15 and 55 pm. Advantageously, the coating of the invention also has a surface roughness whose maximum height Rz measured by means of a roughness meter according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard is between 20 and 200 μm, in particular between 30 and 190 μm, more particularly between 40 and 180 μm, more particularly still between 50 and 170 μm, always more particularly still between 60 and 160 μm. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “maximum height Rz” is understood to mean the absolute vertical difference between the maximum height of the peaks and the maximum depth of the hollows over a base length of the coating. In particular, the maximum height Rz can be between 20 and 190 pm, between 20 and 180 pm, between 20 and 170 pm, between 20 and 160 pm, between 30 and 200 pm, between

20 and 180 pm, between 30 and 170 pm, between 30 and 160 pm, between 40 and 200 pm, between

20 and 180 pm, between 40 and 170 pm, between 40 and 160 pm, between 50 and 200 pm, between

50 and 190 pm, between 50 and 180 pm, between 50 and 180 pm, between 50 and 160 pm, between

60 and 200 pm, between 60 and 190 pm, between 60 and 180 pm, between 60 and 170 pm.

- application of a layer of primer on a support,

- application to said primer coat of a top coat comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:60 : 45 and 45:55, the topcoat comprising particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer.

The first process step according to the invention consists in applying a layer of primer to a support.

The support can be made of any suitable material known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the support can be made of aluminum, aluminized steel or stainless steel. More particularly, the support can be made of aluminum or of aluminized steel. Even more particularly, the support can be made of aluminum. In particular, the support can be made of aluminized steel. The primer layer of the coating according to the invention can comprise any material known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the primer layer comprises a fluoropolymer. More particularly, the primer layer comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

In particular, the primer layer can comprise one or more dyes. Nonlimiting examples of coloring of the primer layer are black, green, brown, gray or red.

In particular, the primer layer can be applied with a thickness between 1 μm and 50 μm, particularly between 2 μm and 40 μm, more particularly between 4 μm and 35 μm, even more particularly between 6 μm and 30 μm , always more particularly between 8 pm and 25 pm, in particular between 10 pm and 20 pm, very particularly between 11 pm and 19 pm, for example between 12 pm and 18 pm.

In particular, the primer layer can be applied with a wet deposit of between 10 g / m ² and 100 g / m ² , particularly between 20 g / m ² and 90 g / m ² , more particularly between 30 g / m ² and 80 g / m ² , even more particularly between 40 g / m ² and 70 g / m ² , for example between 44 g / m ² and 66 g / m ² .

The primer layer is then dried for a period of between 1 and 30 minutes, in particular between 3 and 25 minutes, more particularly between 5 and 20 minutes, even more particularly between 5 and 15 minutes, for example for 10 minutes. , at a temperature between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular between 120 ° C and 180 ° C, more particularly between 130 ° C and 170 ° C, even more particularly between 140 ° C and 160 ° C, for example at 150 ° C. The second step of the process according to the invention consists in applying to the primer layer a finishing layer comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60 : 40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, the topcoat comprising particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer.

The fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are mixed with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55.

Preferably, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are mixed with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 54:46 and 46:54, in particular between 53:47 and 47:53, more particularly between 52:48 and 48:52 , especially between 51: 49 and 49:51.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are mixed with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of approximately 50:50. More preferably, the fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone are mixed with fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of 50:50.

The mixture of fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone obtained is in the form of a powder and can be applied to the primer layer by means of any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as for example by means of a electrostatic gun as well as an instrument equipped with a vibrating table and an instrument equipped with a fluidized reservoir. Advantageously, these two pieces of equipment make it possible to be able to spray and apply the mixture of fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone in a homogeneous manner.

Advantageously, the top coat is applied with a wet deposit of between 110 g / m ² and 140 g / m ² . Outside this range of values, the topcoat has a roughness that is too low or too high, not suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels during the growth and / or cooking of products from the sector. bakery / pastry / pastry. In particular, the topcoat can be applied with a wet deposit of between 115 g / m ² and 135 g / m ² , more particularly between 120 g / m ² and 130 g / m 2, even more particularly between 122 g / ^{m 2.} m ² and 128 g / m ² , always more particularly between 124 g / m ² and 126 g / m ² . In particular, the topcoat can be applied with a wet deposit of 125 g / m ² .

The topcoat is then dried for a period of between 5 and 60 minutes, in particular between 10 and 50 minutes, more particularly between 15 and 40 minutes, even more particularly between 20 and 30 minutes, for example for 25 minutes. , at a temperature between 200 ° C and 600 ° C, in particular between 300 ° C and 500 ° C, more particularly between 350 ° C and 450 ° C, even more particularly between 380 ° C and 420 ° C, for example at 400 ° C.

The coating of the invention thus obtained can be fixed on a support in order to achieve the growth and / or the cooking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector. Thus, another object of the invention relates to a baking and / or pushing plate for products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector comprising a coating according to the invention and a support, the primer layer of the coating being attached to said support.

[0069] The support can be made of any suitable material known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, aluminum, aluminized steel or stainless steel. In particular, the support can be made of aluminum. More particularly, the support can be made of aluminum or of aluminized steel. In particular, the support can be made of aluminized steel.

In a particular embodiment, the support is devoid of perforations.

According to this embodiment, the baking and / or pushing plate makes it possible not to obtain marking on the product from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector during baking and / or pushing.

In another particular embodiment, the support is provided with perforations with a vacuum percentage of less than 60%. In particular, the percentage of void is between 10% and 55%, more particularly between 20% and 50%, even more particularly between 30% and 45%.

[0073] According to this embodiment, the perforations further improve the evacuation of moisture during growing and / or cooking.

The invention also relates to the use of a composition comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone, in which the fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio is between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40: 60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, to obtain a surface roughness suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels in a coating or a cooking plate and / or growth of products from the sector bakery / pastry / pastry.

The fluoropolymer present in the composition can be chosen from poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy ( PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) and perfluoropolyoxetane. In particular, the fluoropolymer present in the composition may be perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

The polyaryletherketone present in the composition can be chosen from polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketonketone (PEEKK), polyetherketonecetone (PEKK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneKEKetonecetone (PEEKK). In particular, the polyaryletherketone present in the composition can be polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

Preferably, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the composition with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 54:46 and 46:54, in particular between 53:47 and 47:53, more particularly between 52:48 and 48:52, even more particularly between 51: 49 and 49:51.

[0078] According to a preferred embodiment, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the composition with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of approximately 50:50. More preferably, the fluoropolymer and the polyaryletherketone are present in the composition with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of 50:50.

[0079] The invention also relates to the use of a coating according to the invention or of a baking sheet according to the invention for baking products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

The coating according to the invention makes it possible to obtain anti-adhesion and roughness performance making it possible to avoid marking and bubbling during cooking and to obtain coloring properties of the crust, brown coloring of the sole of the bread, honeycombing of the crumb, opening of the grigne, crispness similar to cooking on the floor.

The coating according to the invention further exhibits improved durability, in particular improved abrasion resistance and thermal resistance. The invention also relates to a process for preparing products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector using a coating according to the invention and / or a plate according to the invention.

According to this process, any type of product from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art.

The coating according to the invention and / or the plate according to the invention make it possible to obtain products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector with characteristics similar to those of products from the bakery / pastry sector. / pastry obtained by cooking on a floor.

The figures and examples below contain, for the most part, elements of a certain nature. They can therefore not only serve to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary. Brief description of the figures Fig. 1

[0086] [Fig. 1] shows the macro-surface roughness of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50. Fig. 2

[0087] [Fig. 2] shows a surface view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with x10 magnification.

Fig. 3

[0088] [Fig. 3] shows a surface view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with x50 magnification.

Fig. 4 [0089] [Fig. 4] shows a sectional view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with a magnification x200. The PEEK particles (in light gray, height: 108.1 μm, 197.87 μm) are coated with the PFA (in dark gray) and thus form asperities.

Fig. 5

[0090] [Fig. 5] shows abrasion resistance tests of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 in comparison with one of a coating with a topcoat including only PFA (magnification x50).

Fig. 6

[0091] [Fig. 6] shows a surface view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with a magnification x10 before a heat treatment and after a heat treatment at 260 ° C. for 72h.

Fig. 7

[0092] [Fig. 7] shows the roughness of coatings obtained with PFA / PEEK mixtures in mass ratios of 75:25; 62.5: 37.5; 50:50; 37.5: 62.5; and 25:75.

Examples

The following abbreviations have been used:

DFT: Dry Film Thickness, min: minute,

PEEK: polyetheretherketone,

PFA: perfluoroalkoxy.

[0094] Preparation of a coating according to the invention

The coating consists of two coats: a primer coat and a top coat. A) primer layer

The material used for the primer layer is a PFA-type polymer sold by Whitford (ref: 80-087 G3447 BLACK).

The primer is applied using a conventional compressed air gun and a pressure vessel under the conditions presented in Table 1:

[0096] [Table 1]

B) topcoat

The PFA (5 kg) and PEEK (5 kg) are introduced into a sieve consisting of a hopper allowing the powders to be collected. The hopper is equipped with a 100 µm mesh PET and PA filter (SEFAR NYTAL). The hopper is attached to 4 rubber supports to absorb vibrations during sieving. The sieving is carried out by means of a motor attached to the structure of the sieve allowing the hopper to vibrate and sift the powders through the filter and obtain a homogeneous PFA / PEEK mixture. The PFA / PEEK mixture obtained in powder form is applied to the primer layer using an electrostatic powder gun (SAMES Mach Jet - 2) as well as an instrument equipped with a vibrating table (SAMES) and an instrument equipped with a fluidized reservoir (SAMES).

The application conditions are presented in Table 2: [0098] [Table 2]

Characterization of the coating according to the invention

The coating was characterized according to the following parameters:

- Macroscopic observations,

- Microscopic observations, - Abrasion resistance,

- Thermal resistance,

- Roughness measurement,

- Influence of the proportions of fluoropolymer and polyaryletherketone,

- Influence of the proportions of wet deposition of the topcoat on the roughness.

[0100] a) Macroscopic observations

Figure 1 shows the observation of the surface macro-roughness of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50. The macro surface roughness allows the creation of moisture evacuation channels during the growth or baking of the product from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector with the aim of obtaining a baking of the product from the sector bakery / pastry / pastry similar to baking on the floor.

[0101] b) Microscopic observations Figure 2 shows a surface view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with a magnification x10. This view allows you to see the moisture drainage channels more clearly.

Figure 3 shows a surface view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with x50 magnification. This view also allows you to see the moisture drainage channels more clearly.

Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 with 200x magnification. This view shows the polyaryletherketone (PEEK) particles coated with the fluoropolymer (PFA).

[0102] c) Abrasion resistance

An abrasion resistance test was performed using a linear abrasimeter using a very fine-grained SCOTCFI BRITE pad as abrasives. The abrasion resistance performance was judged visually.

This abrasion resistance test was carried out on the coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 after 1000, 5000 and 10000 abrasion cycles in comparison with a coating with a top coat comprising only PFA (Infinium 101).

The results are shown in Figure 5 at x50 magnification.

These results show that the coating according to the invention exhibits better abrasion resistance than the coating comprising only PFA. Indeed, a significant degradation is observed for the coating comprising only PFA after 5000 cycles of abrasion which is accentuated after 10,000 cycles while no degradation is observed for the coating according to the invention.

[0103] d) Thermal resistance

The coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 was subjected to a heat treatment at 260 ° C for 72 hours.

The coating is compared macroscopically and microscopically before and after heat treatment.

Results with x10 magnification are shown in Figure 6.

No premature degradation of the coating according to the invention is seen after heat treatment and 10,000 abrasion cycles.

Compared to the abrasion tests carried out on a non-heat-treated coating, no loss of mechanical strength performance of the coating is observed following the heat treatment. [0104] e) Roughness measurement

The roughness of a coating according to the invention with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 was measured.

Roughness measurements are taken with a Mituyoyo SURFTEST SJ-210 roughness meter.

The calculation methods and geometry of roughness measurements according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard.

The results are shown in Table 3.

[0105] [Table 3]

Le: sampling length Ls: high-pass filter Ra: arithmetic mean deviation of the profile Rq: quadratic mean of Ra Rz: maximum height of the profile. [0106] f) Influence of the proportions of fluoropolymer and of polyaryletherketone

Coatings with various PFA / PEEK mass ratios have been performed and their roughness has been observed macroscopically and microscopically. The PFA / PEEK mass ratios tested are as follows: 75:25; 62; 5: 37.5; 50:50; 37.5: 62.5 and 25:75. Macroscopic and microscopic observations

(x10 magnification) are shown in Figure 7.

The results show that the coatings produced with PFA / PEEK mass ratios of 75:25 and 25:75 have a non-conforming surface and a roughness too low to allow moisture evacuation channels to be obtained. On the other hand, coatings made with PFA / PEEK mass ratios of 62; 5: 37.5; 50:50 and 37.5: 62.5 have a conformal surface and a roughness suitable for obtaining moisture evacuation channels.

[0107] g) Influence of the proportions of wet deposition of the finishing layer on the roughness

Coatings with a topcoat in which the PFA / PEEK mass ratio is 50:50 were prepared by varying the proportion of wet deposition of the topcoat and their roughness was observed microscopically. The proportions tested are as follows: 105 g / cm ² , 125 g / cm ² and 145 g / cm ² . The microscopic observations (magnification x10) are presented in Figure 8.

The results show that in the case of the coating prepared with a wet deposit of 105 g / cm ² , the roughness obtained is too low and in the case of the coating prepared with a wet deposit of 145 g / cm ² , the roughness obtained is too low. high. On the other hand, in the case of the coating prepared with a wet deposit of 125 g / cm ² , the roughness obtained is consistent and suitable for the formation of moisture evacuation channels during the growth and / or cooking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

[0108] Preparation of a cooking plate according to the invention

Supports of dimension 600 x 400 mm in aluminized steel were used. Supports are plates that have been stamped.

A first thermal degreasing step is performed to remove excess stamping oil that may remain on the supports for 1 hour at 400 ° C.

Once degreased, the substrates undergo a mechanical surface treatment by sandblasting in order to obtain sufficient roughness allowing the coating to adhere to the substrate. Sandblasting is carried out by spraying brown corundum, a grade 36/54 mixture, under compressed air.

Once the supports are sandblasted, the parts are vibrated and blown to remove the sand and residual dust present on the support following this sanding step.

The supports are then ready for the application of the coating prepared previously. [0109] Evaluation of a baking sheet according to the invention during the baking of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector

[0110] a) Baking of baguettes Test 1:

Frozen raw baguettes were pushed and cooked at a temperature of 200 ° C for a period of 20 minutes on a baking sheet comprising a coating according to the invention in which the topcoat comprises a PFA / PEEK mixture with a ratio mass of 50:50.

Comparative test 1:

Frozen raw baguettes were pushed and cooked under the same conditions as in Test 1 on a flat baking sheet with a PTFE coating.

[0111] b) Cooking buns Test 2:

Fresh buns were baked at a temperature of 180 ° C for a period of 20 minutes on a baking sheet comprising a coating according to the invention in which the topcoat comprises a PFA / PEEK mixture with a mass ratio of 50 : 50.

Comparative test 2:

Fresh buns were baked under the same conditions as in Test 2 on a baking sheet with a PFA coating.

[0112] c) Baking of milk breads Test 3:

Milk rolls were baked at a temperature of 180 ° C for a period of 20 minutes on a baking sheet comprising a coating according to the invention in which the topcoat comprises a PFA / PEEK mixture with a mass ratio of 50:50.

Comparative test 3:

Milk breads were baked under the same conditions as in test 3 on a baking sheet with a coating of the Glaze type (silicone coating). [0113] d) Results

The appearance of the cooked products was then evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0114] [Table 4]

These results show that the use of the coating according to the invention during the baking of bakery products makes it possible to obtain bakery products without visible marking or bubbling. In addition, no anti-adhesion problem was observed.

[0116] By comparison, bakery products baked under the same conditions but with coatings of the prior art present problems of marking and / or bubbling.

Claims

[Claim 1] Coating for a baking / fermentation support intended for growing and / or baking products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector, said coating comprising a primer layer intended to be fixed on a support and a layer finishing intended to come into contact with products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector, the finishing layer comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone with a fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio of between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, the topcoat comprising particles of polyaryletherketone coated with the fluoropolymer, characterized in that it has a surface roughness whose arithmetic mean deviation Ra measured by means of a roughness meter according to standard ISO 4287: 1997 is between 5 and 60 pm and whose maximum height Rz measured by means of a roughness meter according to n elm ISO 4287: 1997 is between 20 and 200 pm.

[Claim 2] Coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluoropolymer is chosen from poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene ( PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) and perfluoropolyoxetane.

[Claim 3] Coating according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the polyaryletherketone is chosen from polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketonketone (PEEKK), polyetherketonecetone (PEKK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEKEKK).

[Claim 4] Coating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fluoropolymer / polyaryletherceone mass ratio is approximately 50:50.

[Claim 5] A coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primer layer comprises a fluoropolymer.

[Claim 6] Coating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that its surface comprises asperities the height of which is between 75 µm and 250 µm.

[Claim 7] Coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that its surface comprises cavities the height of which is between 15 pm and 70 pm.

[Claim 8] A method of preparing a coating for a cooking / fermentation support according to any one of claims 1 to 7, successively comprising the following steps:

- application of a layer of primer on a support,

[Claim 9] Plate for baking and / or pushing products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector comprising a coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a support, the primer layer of the coating being attached to said coating. support.

[Claim 10] A plate according to claim 9, wherein the support is devoid of perforations.

[Claim 11] A plate according to claim 9 in which the support is provided with perforations with a vacuum percentage of less than 60%.

[Claim 12] Use of a composition comprising a fluoropolymer and a polyaryletherketone, in which the fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio is between 65:35 and 35:65, in particular between 60:40 and 40:60, more particularly between 55:45 and 45:55, to obtain a surface roughness suitable for the creation of moisture evacuation channels in a coating or a cooking plate and / or growth of products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector.

[Claim 13] Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the fluoropolymer is chosen from poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene ( PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) and perfluoropolyoxetane.

[Claim 14] Use according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the polyaryletherceone is chosen from polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketonketone (PEEKK), polyetherketonketone (PEKK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEKEKK).

[Claim 15] Use according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the fluoropolymer / polyaryletherketone mass ratio is about 50:50.

[Claim 16] Use of a coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or of a baking plate according to one of claims 9 to 11 for baking products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector .

[Claim 17] A method of preparing products from the bakery / pastry / pastry sector using a coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and / or a plate according to any one of claims 9 to 11.