WO2021149777A1

WO2021149777A1 - Fire prevention method and fire extinguishing body

Info

Publication number: WO2021149777A1
Application number: PCT/JP2021/002089
Authority: WO
Inventors: 亮正田; 良平戸出; 碩芳西山; 真登黒川; 康晴椎根; 淳也田辺
Original assignee: 凸版印刷株式会社
Priority date: 2020-01-24
Filing date: 2021-01-21
Publication date: 2021-07-29
Also published as: JPWO2021149777A1

Abstract

A fire prevention method according to the present invention comprises a step for mounting, in advance, a fire extinguishing body on at least a perpendicular top section of an object at risk of ignition. The fire extinguishing body comprises a base material and a fire retardant in this order from the object side.

Description

Fire protection method and fire extinguishing body

The present invention relates to a fire prevention method and a fire extinguishing body.

In recent years, with the progress of technology, our lives have become more and more comfortable, but a large amount of energy is required to create that comfort. High safety is required for handling energy in each scene such as filling, storing, moving, and using a large amount of energy at high density.

Taking an automobile as an example, there is a danger of ignition or fire when mining fossil fuels, refining gasoline from fossil fuels, transporting gasoline, burning gasoline with an engine, etc. Taking electronics as an example, when transferring electrical energy through electric wires, adjusting electrical energy at a substation or transformer, using electrical energy in electrical equipment at home or in a factory, or temporarily. Similarly, when storing in a storage battery, there is a danger of ignition or fire.

For the problem of ignition and fire, Patent Document 1 proposes to use a fire extinguishing liquid and a fire extinguisher. Patent Document 2 proposes an automatic fire extinguishing device that drops from a helicopter. Patent Document 3 proposes an aerosol fire extinguishing device.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-276440 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-6302 JP-A-2017-080023

All of the prior arts propose a method of dealing with a fire after a certain amount of time has passed. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of minimizing the damage caused by the fire, it is desirable that some kind of fire extinguishing work (initial fire extinguishing) is performed immediately after the fire.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new fire prevention method capable of preventing the occurrence and spread of a fire. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a fire extinguisher used in such a fire protection method.

One aspect of the present invention includes a step of placing a fire extinguisher in advance on at least the upper part of an object that may ignite in the vertical direction, and the fire extinguishing body is provided with a base material and a fire extinguishing agent in this order from the object side. Provide a method. With such a fire prevention method, a hole is opened in the base material due to the fire from the object or the heat generated before the fire, and the fire extinguishing agent can be dropped to the fire source or the heat source. As a result, it is possible to prevent the fire from spreading to the surroundings at an initial stage.

One aspect of the present invention provides a fire extinguisher in which a base material and a fire extinguishing agent are provided in this order and used so that the base material side and an object that may ignite face each other. Such a fire extinguishing body can be suitably used in the above-mentioned fire prevention method.

In the fire extinguishing body of the present invention, the base material may be a resin base material.

The fire extinguisher of the present invention may further include another base material on the fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing body of the present invention may further include a design layer on at least one surface of the other base material.

In the fire extinguisher of the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent may be sealed with a base material and another base material.

The fire extinguisher of the present invention may further include an adhesive layer between the base material and the fire extinguishing agent, and at least one between the other base material and the fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing body of the present invention may further include an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the outside of the base material and / or the other base material.

In the fire extinguisher of the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent may be a powder-based fire extinguisher, a water-based fire extinguisher, or a foam-based fire extinguisher.

In the fire extinguishing body of the present invention, the other base material may satisfy at least one of a tensile strength of 20 N / cm or more and a melting point of 500 ° C. or more.

In the fire extinguishing body of the present invention, the other base material may contain at least one material selected from the group consisting of carbon, glass, stainless steel, aluminum and ceramic.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new fire prevention method capable of preventing the occurrence and spread of a fire. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fire extinguishing body used in such a fire prevention method. The advantages of the present invention are briefly summarized below.
・ The damage caused by the burning of flames can be minimized. That is, initial fire extinguishing is possible.
-It is not necessary for a person to carry a fire extinguisher near the target of fire extinguishing after confirming the occurrence of a fire.
-Since it can be installed more easily than equipment such as automatic fire extinguishing devices, there are few restrictions on the installation location and it can be applied according to the required location.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a fire extinguishing mechanism by a fire extinguishing body. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

<Fire extinguishing body>
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to an embodiment. The fire extinguisher 10 includes a base material 1 and a fire extinguishing agent 2 in this order. As will be described later, the fire extinguishing body is used so that the base material side of the fire extinguishing body and an object that may ignite face each other. The fire extinguishing body may be in the form of a sheet. As shown in FIG. 1, the fire extinguishing agent 2 may be provided on at least a part of the upper surface of the base material 1, but may be provided on the entire upper surface of the base material 1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a fire extinguishing mechanism by a fire extinguishing body. First, the fire extinguishing body 10 is placed in advance on the object X that may ignite (FIG. 2A). When a fire ignites from the object X in this state, a hole is opened in the base material 1 (for example, a hole is opened by melting) (FIG. 2 (b)). The fire extinguishing agent 2 falls from this hole to the fire source (FIG. 2 (c)). This completes the fire extinguishing (Fig. 2 (d)). In FIG. 2, the end face of the object X and the end face of the fire extinguishing body 10 (base material 1) are drawn flush with each other, but both are not necessarily flush with each other. For example, the fire extinguishing body 10 may be provided so as to cover the upper surface and the side surface of the object X. Further, it is not always necessary to ignite the object X, and the base material 1 may be punctured by the heat generated before the fire ignites.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. The fire extinguisher 20 includes a base material 1, a fire extinguishing agent 2, and another base material 3 in this order. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. The fire extinguisher 30 includes a base material 1, a fire extinguishing agent 2, and another base material 3 in this order, and is between the base material 1 and the fire extinguishing agent 2, and between the other base material 3 and the fire extinguishing agent 2. Is further provided with an adhesive layer 4. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. The fire extinguisher 40 includes a base material 1, a fire extinguishing agent 2, and another base material 3 in this order, and the peripheral edges of the base material 1 and the other base material 3 are joined by a sealing portion 5. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire extinguishing body according to another embodiment. The fire extinguishing body 50 includes a base material 1, a fire extinguishing agent 2, an adhesive layer 4 and another base material 3 in this order, and the peripheral edges of the base material 1 and the other base material 3 are joined by a sealing portion 5. ing.

The thickness of the fire extinguishing body is not necessarily limited because it varies depending on the layer structure thereof, but it can be, for example, 2 to 20 mm from the viewpoint of being able to be thinned regardless of the installation space while maintaining the fire extinguishing performance. Further, the area of the main surface of the fire extinguishing body (the surface when the fire extinguishing body is viewed from the upper part in the vertical direction) can be ^{, for example, 9 to 620 cm 2 from the viewpoint of fire extinguishing performance and handleability.}

(Base material)
As the material of the base material, a resin base material can be selected in view of the fact that the temperature of the flame is generally about 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. For example, as the material of the base material, polyolefin (LLDPE, PP, COP, CPP, etc.), polyester (PET, etc.), fluororesin (PTFE, ETFE, EFEP, PFA, FEP, PCTFE, etc.), PVC, PVA, acrylic resin , Epoxy resin, polyamide, polyimide and the like. With these resins, holes can be made by heat. In addition, by selecting a transparent material, it becomes easy to visually inspect the fire extinguishing body and confirm the replacement time. The base material may contain a fire extinguishing agent described later. From the viewpoint of adjusting the water vapor transmission rate, the base material may be provided with a thin-film vapor deposition layer (alumina vapor deposition layer or silica vapor deposition layer) having a water vapor barrier property.

The base material may be composed of one layer or two or more resin layers. The material of each layer may be the same or different. When the base material is composed of two or more resin layers, one layer thereof may be a fire extinguishing agent support layer for supporting the fire extinguishing agent. By forming the fire extinguishing agent on the fire extinguishing agent support layer in advance, the handling of the fire extinguishing agent becomes easy.

The thickness of the base material, breaking strength, etc. can be appropriately selected according to the amount of heat at the time of fire, impact, allowable space, etc. For example, if the base material is thick, strength and rigidity can be obtained, a highly flat form can be obtained, and handling becomes easy. Further, if the base material is thin, the fire extinguishing body can be provided in a narrow space, and since holes are opened in a short time, the fire extinguishing start time can be shortened. The thickness of the base material can be, for example, 4.5 to 100 μm, and may be 12 to 50 μm. The base material may be a laminate of a plurality of base materials. The base material and the object may be adhered by an adhesive layer described later.

(Fire extinguisher)
The fire extinguishing agent is not particularly limited, and one having four elements of so-called fire extinguishing (removal action, cooling action, suffocation action, negative catalytic action) can be appropriately used depending on the mode of the object. Examples of the fire extinguishing agent include sand (standard sand), dry ice, water and the like, in addition to general fire extinguishing agents (powder-based fire extinguishing agents, water-based fire extinguishing agents or foam-based fire extinguishing agents). ABC fire extinguishing agent is mentioned as a universal fire extinguishing agent, and BC fire extinguishing agent is mentioned as a fire extinguishing agent for oil and electric fire. When the object is a lithium-ion battery, a BC fire extinguisher, a water-based fire extinguisher, and other fire extinguishing agents for lithium-ion batteries are used. If it is a powder-based fire extinguisher, it may be mixed with a binder and placed on the base material, if necessary, or it may be placed in a packaging bag and placed on the base material. If it is a water-based or foam-based fire extinguisher, it may be gelled or placed in a packaging bag and placed on the base material. However, from the viewpoint of stably holding the fire extinguishing agent, it is preferable that an adhesive layer is provided between the base material and the fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing agent is sealed by another base material or a sealing portion. It is preferable that the fire extinguisher is used.

The amount of the fire extinguishing agent can be appropriately selected according to the mode of the object, the thermal power at the time of ignition, the fire extinguishing time, the allowable space, and the like. The larger the amount of fire extinguishing agent, the better the fire extinguishing ability and the shorter the fire extinguishing time, but the bulkiness may increase, so the place where the fire extinguishing body can be placed is limited. The thickness of the fire extinguishing agent can be, for example, 2 to 19.5 mm. The amount of the fire extinguishing agent can be, for example, 0.2 to 5 g / cm ² or 0.4 to 3.9 g / cm ² .

(Other base materials)
As shown in FIG. 3, the fire extinguisher may further include another base material (sealing base material) on the fire extinguishing agent. By using another base material, the fire extinguishing agent can be stably retained. As a result, the vibration resistance is improved, and even if the upper surface of the object is inclined, the fire extinguishing body can be easily placed on the object. Further, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the fire extinguishing performance of a hygroscopic fire extinguishing agent such as an ABC fire extinguishing agent or a BC fire extinguishing agent.

Examples of the material of the other base material include the materials exemplified as the material of the above-mentioned base material. Further, the other base material is preferably a base material having heat resistance and impact resistance (high-strength heat-resistant base material). As the high-strength heat-resistant base material, it is preferable to satisfy at least one of a tensile strength of 20 N / cm or more and a melting point of 500 ° C. or more. In terms of cost, such substrates can include materials such as carbon, glass, stainless steel, aluminum, ceramics and the like. Examples of the high-strength heat-resistant base material include those containing a woven fabric (cloth) of these fibers. Since the other base material has heat resistance and impact resistance, it is possible to prevent holes from being formed on the other base material side due to heat or impact at the time of ignition. As a result, it is possible to prevent the fire extinguishing agent from being ejected in the direction opposite to that of the object. The thickness of the other substrate can be, for example, 0.1 to 1 mm, and may be 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Other substrates may contain a fire extinguishing agent. From the viewpoint of adjusting the water vapor transmission rate, a thin-film deposition layer (alumina vapor-deposited layer or silica-deposited layer) having a water vapor barrier property may be provided on the other base material.

(Adhesive layer)
As shown in FIG. 4, the fire extinguishing body may further include an adhesive layer. In FIG. 4, the adhesive layer 4 is shown between the base material 1 and the fire extinguishing agent 2, and between the other base material 3 and the fire extinguishing agent 2, but the adhesive layer 4 is the base material 1 and the fire extinguishing agent. It may be provided between 2 and at least one of the other base material 3 and the fire extinguishing agent 2. Further, in the figure, it is not necessary to provide the other base material 3 and the adhesive layer 4 for adhering the other base material 3. Further, in FIG. 4, the end face of the fire extinguishing agent 2 and the end face of the adhesive layer 4 are drawn flush with each other, but they do not necessarily have to be flush with each other. For example, the adhesive layer 4 is outside the end face of the fire extinguishing agent 2. It may be provided so as to protrude.

By providing an adhesive layer between the base material and the fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent can be stably held on the base material. Further, by providing an adhesive layer between the other base material and the fire extinguishing agent, it becomes easy to fix the other base material. However, if the other base material and the fire extinguishing agent are brought into close contact with each other too much, the fire extinguishing agent will not easily fall even if a hole is formed in the base material due to ignition or the like. The adhesion between the other base material and the fire extinguishing agent (for example, when it has a sheet-like form) is preferably between 0.5 N / cm and 1 N / cm.

The adhesive layer can be appropriately selected depending on the base material, other base material, the type of fire extinguishing agent, and the like. The adhesive layer can be formed of, for example, a material such as a heat sealant, an adhesive, or an adhesive. The thickness of the adhesive layer may be, for example, 1 to 100 μm (1 to 30 μm or 30 to 100 μm depending on the material used).

(Sealing part)
As shown in FIG. 5, the fire extinguishing body may further include a sealing portion. That is, the fire extinguishing body may include a sealing portion for joining the peripheral edges of the base material and other base materials. By providing the sealing portion, the base material and another base material are joined, and the fire extinguishing agent is sealed. As a result, the fire extinguishing agent does not come into contact with air, and deterioration of the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent can be suppressed. Further, since the movement of the fire extinguishing agent is hindered by the sealing portion, the fire extinguishing agent is more likely to fall toward the object.

The sealing portion may be formed from the material exemplified in the above-mentioned adhesive layer. The base material and the peripheral edges of the other base material may be bonded to each other using the materials exemplified in the above-mentioned adhesive layer. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the fire extinguisher has an adhesive layer between the fire extinguisher and another base material, the fire extinguishing agent can be sealed with the same material at the adhesive layer and the sealing portion. can. The sealing portion may be formed of other UV curable sealing material. If the base material and / or the other base material itself has heat-sealing properties, the sealing portion may be formed by heat fusion of those base materials. That is, the sealing portion may be a heat-sealing portion of the base material and / or another base material. When the sealing portion is a heat-sealing material, the fire extinguishing agent can be sealed by forming the heat-sealing material on the entire surface of the other base material and heat-sealing only the outer peripheral portion of the fire extinguishing agent. By providing the sealing portion, the fire extinguishing agent can be sealed without adhering the fire extinguishing agent and other base materials to each other.

<Manufacturing method of fire extinguishing body>
As described above, the method for manufacturing the fire extinguishing body is not particularly limited. A fire extinguishing body can be manufactured by appropriately laminating the above layers and, if necessary, joining and sealing the periphery of the base material with a heat seal, an adhesive or the like. The method of providing the fire extinguishing agent may be adjusted according to the mode. For example, when a fire extinguishing agent previously sealed in a packaging bag is used, the entire packaging bag can be adhered to the base material with an adhesive layer or the like. If it is a powder-based fire extinguisher, a fire extinguisher can be obtained by applying a mixture of the fire extinguisher and an appropriate amount of binder on the base material. When the fire extinguishing agent is applied, the base material on which the fire extinguishing agent-containing layer is provided may be a resin layer as a fire extinguishing agent support layer (one layer among a plurality of layers constituting the base material). A fire extinguisher may be obtained by stacking a base material and another base material and sealing three sides to manufacture a bag, filling the bag with a fire extinguishing agent, and then sealing the remaining one side.

<Fire prevention method>
The fire prevention method includes a step of placing the above-mentioned fire extinguishing body in advance on at least the upper part of an object that may ignite in the vertical direction. By placing the fire extinguisher on at least the upper part of the object in the vertical direction, the fire extinguishing agent can be reliably dropped on the ignited object. The fire extinguisher does not have to be placed only on the upper part of the object in the vertical direction. For example, as long as the fire extinguishing agent is present at least in the upper part of the object in the vertical direction, the fire extinguisher 10 itself is the upper surface of the object. It may be provided so as to cover (upper part in the vertical direction) and side surface (a surface having a certain angle (for example, 90 °) with respect to the upper surface).

(Objects that may catch fire)
The object is not particularly limited as long as it has a risk of ignition and the above-mentioned fire extinguishing body can be placed on it. For example, objects include electric wires, distribution boards, distribution boards, control boards, storage batteries (lithium-ion batteries, etc.), wallpaper for building materials, building materials such as ceiling materials, lithium-ion battery recovery boxes (recycled boxes), trash cans, and automobiles. Examples include related members, outlets, outlet covers, and other members.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer may be provided on the outside of the base material 1 or the other base material 3 from the viewpoint of more easily installing the fire extinguishing body in a place where there is a risk of ignition. A release film may be further provided so as to cover the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer. The release film is peeled off when the fire extinguishing body is used, and may be made of resin or paper. Further, the fire extinguishing body may be in the form of a shrink film or a stretch film depending on the selection and treatment (for example, stretching or thinning) of the thermoplastic resin constituting the base material 1 and the other base material 3.

The fire extinguishing body may further include a design layer. The design layer can be formed by printing or printing. Specific examples of the design include wood grain tones that are conscious of living space, white and gray tones such as tiles, and patterns, patterns, designs, and character patterns. By providing the design layer, the design can be enhanced, the fire extinguishing body can be adapted to the surrounding environment, and the strength of the fire extinguishing body can be increased. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a fire extinguishing body including a design layer. The fire extinguishing body 60 shown in this figure is provided with an adhesive layer 6 (or an adhesive layer) and a release film 7 on the outside of the base material 1 in this order, and is provided with a design layer 8 on the side of the other base material 3. For example, when the design layer gives a texture such as a tile material, it is preferable to provide the design layer 8 on the outer surface 3a of the other base material 3 as shown in FIG. When the other base material 3 is transparent, the design layer may be provided on the inner surface 3b of the other base material 3. The design layer may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

<Preparation of materials used>
(Base material and other base materials)
LLDPE film: MC-S # 100 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Tohcello Co., Ltd.)
OPP film: U-1 # 50 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Tohcello Co., Ltd.)
Al foil: 8079 40 μm (manufactured by Toyo Aluminum K.K.)
(Fire extinguisher)
Standard sand: Toyoura silica sand (manufactured by Toyoura silica stone mining company)
ABC fire extinguishing agent (manufactured by Miyata Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
BC (K) fire extinguishing agent (manufactured by Miyata Kogyo Co., Ltd.)

<Making a fire extinguishing body>
(Example 1)
32.5 g of standard sand was weighed as a fire extinguishing agent and uniformly placed on MC-S # 100 of 8 cm × 8 cm. This produced a fire extinguishing body. The amount of standard sand was adjusted to ^{0.55 g / cm 2} with respect to the base material area.

(Examples 2 to 3)
A fire extinguishing body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the materials used were changed as shown in Table 1.

(Example 4)
A bag of LLDPE was prepared by stacking two MC-S # 100 sheets and heat-sealing the three sides (conditions: 150 ° C., 0.6 MPa for 10 seconds). After putting standard sand in this bag, a fire extinguishing body was prepared by heat-sealing the remaining side. The amount of standard sand was adjusted to ^{0.55 g / cm 2} with respect to the base material area.

(Examples 5 to 9)
A fire extinguishing body was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the materials used were changed as shown in Table 1. In Examples 7 to 9, a bag was prepared by sticking the base materials together using an adhesive instead of heat sealing.

(Comparative Examples 1 and 2)
As a reference sample, an LLDPE film or a PP film was used as it was.

<Fire extinguishing performance evaluation>
The fire extinguishing body of the example was brought close to the lit candle from the upper part in the vertical direction of the candle, with the candle and the base material side of the fire extinguishing body facing each other. At that time, the fire extinguishing body was brought close to each other so that the distance between the tip of the fire extinguishing body and the base material of the fire extinguishing body was 5 mm or less. Then, it was evaluated whether the candle fire could be extinguished. The same operation was performed for the film of the comparative example. The results are shown in Table 1.

The present invention can be suitably used especially for members used for industrial materials such as building materials, automobile members, aircraft members, and electronic members.

1 ... base material, 2 ... fire extinguishing agent, 3 ... other base material (sealing base material), 4 ... adhesive layer, 5 ... sealing part, 6 ... adhesive layer, 7 ... release film, 8 ... design layer, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 ... Fire extinguisher, X ... Object.

Claims

A process of placing a fire extinguishing body in advance at least on the upper part of an object that may ignite in the vertical direction is provided.
A fire prevention method in which the fire extinguisher includes a base material and a fire extinguishing agent in this order from the object side.
A fire extinguisher that is provided with a base material and a fire extinguishing agent in this order, and is placed in advance on the object that may ignite so that the base material side and the object that may ignite face each other.
The fire extinguishing body according to claim 2, wherein the base material is a resin base material.
The fire extinguishing body according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the outside of the base material.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising another base material on the fire extinguishing agent.
The fire extinguishing body according to claim 5, further comprising a sealing portion for joining the base material and the peripheral edges of the other base material.
The fire extinguisher according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising an adhesive layer between the base material and the fire extinguishing agent, and at least one of the other base material and the fire extinguishing agent.
The fire extinguishing body according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the outside of the other base material.
The fire extinguishing body according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising a design layer on at least one surface of the other base material.
The fire extinguishing body according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the other base material satisfies at least one of a tensile strength of 20 N / cm or more and a melting point of 500 ° C. or more.
The fire extinguishing body according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the other base material contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of carbon, glass, stainless steel, aluminum and ceramic.
The fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the fire extinguisher is a powder-based fire extinguisher, a water-based fire extinguisher, or a foam-based fire extinguisher.