WO2021149069A1 - Élimination écologique d'excréments - Google Patents

Élimination écologique d'excréments Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021149069A1
WO2021149069A1 PCT/IN2020/050685 IN2020050685W WO2021149069A1 WO 2021149069 A1 WO2021149069 A1 WO 2021149069A1 IN 2020050685 W IN2020050685 W IN 2020050685W WO 2021149069 A1 WO2021149069 A1 WO 2021149069A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formulation
excreta
bio
animal excreta
converting human
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2020/050685
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English (en)
Inventor
Kapil Modi
Original Assignee
Kapil Modi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2021149069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021149069A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a formulation that absorbs and converts human and animal excreta and bio hazards into a 99.99% germ free fragrant bio-degradable and/or non-biodegradable gel or granules.
  • HAI hospital acquired infections
  • contagious diseases bacterial, viral, fungal, spores
  • zoonotic diseases and infected or non treated human, animal and bird excreta (and/or bio hazard) contaminating the living and natural environments which promotes proliferation of germs (pathogens), helminth and protozoa.
  • This invention aims to solve the aforementioned global health, hygiene and environment pandemic by providing a cost effective method for hygienic disposal of human, animal and bird excreta (and/or bio hazard).
  • the present invention relates to a formulation that absorbs and converts human, animal and bird excreta (and/or bio hazard) into a fragrant and upto 99.99% germ free gel or granules which may be either bio-degradable or non-biodegradable.
  • Formulation comprises of organic and/or inorganic chemical ingredients but not limited to absorbent ingredients, biocide, binding element combined with fragrance additive, anthelmintic, anti-protozoals that may further be combined with specially formulated safe bacterial culture that have the ability to degrade excreta or bio hazards into simpler bio degradable compounds.
  • the process for preparation of formulation includes organic and inorganic ingredients; absorbent ingredient, biocides and fragrance additiveas primary components, optional organic and inorganic ingredients include but not limited to binder, anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, specially formulated safe bacterial culture, and urea.
  • the present invention relates to a unique formulation useful in hygienic disposal of human and animals including bird excreta and/or biohazard into a fragrant and up to 99.99% germ free biodegradable and/or non-biodegradable gel or granules.
  • the formulation includes absorbent ingredient, biocide, binding element, fragrance additive, bacterial culture anthelmintic, anti-protozoal, urea and other additives providing an easy and safe way to kill or inactivate the microorganisms.
  • excreta is defined as waste matter discharged from the body of humans, animals and birds such as but not limited to urine, feces, vomit, spit, saliva.
  • Biohazards are defined as any biological or chemical substance that is dangerous to humans, animals, or the environment. Biohazard is further defined as waste from humans, animals and birds which includes items such as but not limited to blood, body tissues, body fluids (semen, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, vaginal secretions, pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, peritoneal fluid), body parts, microbiological wastes(specimen cultures, disposable culture dishes, discarded viruses, and devices used to transfer or mix cultures), Pathological waste (unfixed human tissue (excluding skin), waste biopsy materials, and anatomical parts from medical procedures or autopsies)
  • germ is defined as an infectious microorganism or agent that causes disease. Germs can be transmitted a few ways depending on the type. They can be spread through skin contact, bodily fluids, airborne particles, contact with feces, and touching a surface touched by an infected person. There are different types of germs such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and spores.
  • Living Environment is defined as any building or space, frequented or lived in by humans, animals and birds. Natural environment is defined as nature and water bodies. This environment encompasses the interaction of ail living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.
  • Bacterial culture is defined as engineered aerobic and non anaerobic bacteria that have the ability to break down/degrade excreta/biohazards into simple bio degradable compounds.
  • Surface is defined as a porous or non-porous surface such as but not limited to carpet, fabric, floors, grass, soil from where excreta, bio hazard, or any waste material is to be removed.
  • the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements.
  • the adjective “another,” when used to introduce an element, is intended to mean one or more elements.
  • the terms “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive such that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
  • the absorbent ingredient contained in the formulations of the present invention is selected from but not limited to inorganic absorbent ingredients such as, sodium and potassium polyacrylates while organic absorbent ingredients such as bamboo fiber, wood pulp, air laid wood pulp, absorbent non woven paper/fabric (made of wood pulp, fiber).
  • the biocide contained in the formulations of the present invention is selected frombut not limited to quaternary compounds, phenolic compounds, chlorhexidine compounds, chlorine -releasing agents.
  • quaternary compounds are but not limited to benzalkoniumchloride, dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate, dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, dimethylethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • phenolic compounds are but not limited to O-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, chlorophenol, chloroxylenol, O-phenylphenol.
  • chlorhexidine compounds are but not limited to chlorhexidinediacetate(CHA), chlorhexidinedihydrochloride, chlorhexidinedigluconate, chlorhexidinegluconate, chlorhexidinephosphanilate.
  • chlorine-releasing agents are but not limited to sodium hypochlorite, glutardehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde, peraceticacid, hydrogen peroxide/hydrogen peroxide silver, chlorine dioxide, potassium peroxymonosulfate, sodium chlorideandorganicbiocideasneem.
  • Bacteria can be but not limited to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcusaureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Salmonellaarizonae, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella sonnei, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella schottmuelleri, Salmonella typhi (Salmonella typhosa), Salmonella typhimurium, Shigelladysenteriae, Shigellaliexneri, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Enterobacteraerogenes, Enterococcus sp., Enterococci group D sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacterchlo
  • Diplococcuspneumoniae Type 1 Lactobacillus delbrueckli subspecies lactis, Pasteurellamultocida, Shigellasonnei, Pseudomonas fluorescens (biotype B), Pseudomonas solanacearum, Pseudomonas cichorii, Erwiniacaratovora, Erwiniachrysantemi, Agrobacterium tumifaciens, Xanthomonascampestria, Aeromonashydrophila, Bordetellaavium, Corynebacteriumsepedonicum,
  • MRS A Staphylococcusaureus
  • EBL Escherichia coli with extended beta- lactamase resistance
  • MDR Multi-Drug Resistant
  • MDR Enterobacteraerogenes
  • ESBL Escherichia coli with extended beta-lactamase resistance
  • PRSP Penicillin Resistance Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Fungi can be but not limited to Tricodermaviride,Trichophytoninterdigitales, Trichophytonmentagrophytes, Trichophytonequinamm, Candida albicans, Microsporumcanis, Microsporumgypseum, Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusfumigatus, Pennicilliumglaucum, Verticilliumfungicola, Mycogoneperniciosa,
  • Dactyliumdendroides Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthoracinnamoni, Phthiumultimum, Rhizoctoniasolani, Verticilliumalboatrum.
  • Viruses can be but not limited to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 , Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, H1N1 Influenza A Virus, Human Coronavirus SARS, Rhinovirus Type 39 (common cold) , Rotavirus WA (infectious diarrhea) Norovirus, Duck Hepatitis B Virus (DHBV) , Polio I virus, Rhinovirus, Feline Picornavirus, Avian Reovirus, Mouse Hepatitis virus, Vaccinia virus, Herpes simplex Type 1, Herpes simplex Type 2, Pseudorabies, avian infectious bronchitis, Avian Adenovirus, avian influenza, Avian Rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, Porcine Rotovirus, Influenza Type A/Mich, Influenza A /England, Influenza A (Japan, Asian, Hong Kong), Newcastle disease, mumps virus), Human Rhinovirus Type , Feline Leukemia virus, Rub
  • Avian influenza Virus Avian Bronchitis Virus, Avian Laryngotracheitis Virus, Avian Herpes Virus 2, Hog Cholera Virus, Pseudorabies Virus, Influenza A , Herpes Simplex, Adenovirus Type 2 & 4 , Vaccinia Virus, Adenovirus Type 5, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Herpes simplex WI-38, Ebola Virus.
  • Yeasts can bebut not limited to Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Helminths are also known as parasitic worms which involves but not limited to the three major assemblages of parasitic helminthes such as Nemathelminthes (nematodes) , Platyhelminthes (flatworms) including its subdivisions Cestoda (tapeworms) and Trematoda (flukes).
  • nematodes nematodes
  • Platyhelminthes flatworms
  • Cestoda tapeworms
  • Trematoda flukes
  • Protozoal pathogens include but not limited to Entamoebahistolytica, Giardialambia, Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclosporacayetanensis, Campylobacter, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Lassa virus, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma gondii.
  • fragrance additives contained in the formulations of the present is selected from but not limited to natural fragrance additives (organic, chemical free) suchasorange, pomegranate, rosemary melon, watermelon, citrus, lemon, kiwi, lavender, cinnamon, dragon fruit.
  • natural fragrance additives organic, chemical free
  • inorganic Fragrance Additives include, apple, passion fruit, rose, citrus, orange, mango, wild berries, raspberry, peach, strawberry, waterlilly, watermelon, citrus, mogra.
  • the binder additive contained in the formulations of the present invention may include but not limited to modified starch and aerosil.
  • anthelmintic contained in the formulations of the present invention is selected from but not limited to albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole, oxyclozanide, tetramisole, iveremectin, praziquantel, ureaCO(NH2)2, peracetic acid.
  • bacterial culture contained in the formulation of the present invention is selected from specially formulated safe aerobic or anaerobic bacteria which have the ability to degrade human or animal excreta &bio hazard into simpler bio degradable compounds.
  • formulations contained in the present invention includes sodiumsuper absorbent polyacrylate in the range of 60%-80% followed by addition of binder in the range of 0.1%- 40% with adding fragrance additive 0.05% to 1%. Furthermore, biocide in the range of 0.01% to 15% and anthelmintic in the range of 0.05% to 1.5% added to the formulation which may further combined with an additive to raise the pH level of the formulation which may include urea by weight in the range of 0.001 to 30%.
  • the formulations optionally comprise organic absorbent ingredient in the range of 70- 90% with organic fragrance additive in the range of0.05% to 1% followed by addition of organic biocide in the range of 0.01% to 15%.
  • the process for preparation of formulation includes absorbent material and biocides as primary components to which optionally added are organic or inorganic ingredients not limited to binder, fragrance additive, antiprotozoal and/or specially formulated safe bacterial culture either by way of simple adding or spraying and mixing. In this process it is taken care that all primary components are properly mixed with additional ingredients.
  • the present invention includes a process for conversion of excreta into a gel or granules, to achieve the aforementioned formulation is uniformly sprinkled to cover the entire surface area of the excreta at the rate of lto 2.5 gm of formulation per 50 ml/gm of excreta.
  • the formulation absorbs and converts the excreta into a gel or granules within 60 seconds. The time may increase depending upon the nature of excreta.
  • the amount of formulation used for the conversion of excreta into a gel or granules specifically varies depending upon the nature of the excreta.
  • the product of present invention kills up to 99.9% germs in about 60seconds to 10 minutes.
  • the product of present invention when used in any environmentwill provide containment of germs at source (in excreta and/or bio hazards), thereby stopping the transmission of germs from human and animal excreta. This will result in a healthier and safer environment for all beings and ultimately have a positive impact on mother nature.
  • the formulation may be deployed in various forms such as but not limited to powder, granules, sachets, water soluble sachets, discs, tablets, dissolvable paper which may be placed in various receptacles such as but not limited to paper , plastic, biodegradable or nonbiodegradable, steel, composite materials; bags, glass, cups, paper, bed pans, portable/fixed toilets, bottles.
  • Table 1 Formulations of the present invention as described herein are suitable for making or using in the industry.
  • Method 1 for disposal of feces including solid, semi solid bio hazards from all types of surfaces
  • Step 1 Sprinkle 1 to 2.5 grams of the formulation per 50 grams of feces to deodorize and disinfect the feces.
  • Step 2 remove the feces from the surface using commonly used methods for disposing it such as; scooping it with a bag, broom and dusting pan or poop picker.
  • Step 3 pour or spray 20-100 ml water onto the soiled surface and scrub it using any cleaning apparatus such as a broom or scrub to remove the feces residue (if any) from the surface.
  • any cleaning apparatus such as a broom or scrub to remove the feces residue (if any) from the surface.
  • Step 4 Sprinkle 1 to 2.5 grams of the formulation on the surface to cover the entire surface area of the spill (water) and wait for upto 60 seconds* for the formulation to absorb the water and residue on the surface.
  • *duration of time may increase based on the quantity and nature of feces and the quantity of formulation sprinkled onto the spill.
  • Step 5 remove the gel from the surface by using a method such as a broom/dusting pan, cleaning with a cloth or a vacuum cleaner which can vacuum liquid & solids.
  • a method such as a broom/dusting pan, cleaning with a cloth or a vacuum cleaner which can vacuum liquid & solids.
  • Step 6 dispose as per local bio waste management laws.
  • Step 7 repeat step 2 to 6 if necessary.
  • Method 2 for conversion of liquid excreta into a gel or granules from all surfaces
  • Step 1 Sprinkle the formulation evenly to cover the entire surface area of the liquid excreta at the rate of 1-2.5 gram of formulation per 50 ml of liquid excreta.
  • Step 2 wait for up to 60* seconds for the powdered formulation to absorb and convert the liquid excreta into a gel or granules.
  • duration of time taken to absorb and convert the liquid excreta may increase based on its nature/consistency.
  • Step 3 remove the gel or granules from the surface by using a method such as a broom/dusting pan, wiping with a cloth or a vacuum cleaner which can vacuum liquid and solids.
  • a method such as a broom/dusting pan, wiping with a cloth or a vacuum cleaner which can vacuum liquid and solids.
  • Step 4 dispose as per local bio waste management laws.
  • Step 5 repeat step 1 to 4 to remove any residual liquid excreta from the surface.
  • Powder form of present invention randomly selected for testing comprises absorbent, fragrance additive and biocides in which biocide comprises Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride and Alkyl Dimethyl Ethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride.
  • biocide comprises Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride and Alkyl Dimethyl Ethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride.
  • Escherichia coli is Gram-negative straight rod bacteria, facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism.
  • Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems.
  • E.coli strains shows the core genome to be about 2000 genes while the pan genome has over 18,000 genes. There are multiple, striking integration hotspots that are conserved across the genomes, corresponding to regions of abundant and parallel insertions and deletions of genetic material.
  • Strain ATCC 8739 is a fecal strain. It is used to test the efficiency of antimicrobial agents. To test excreta in the present invention ATCC 8739 of E.Coli is selected.
  • Staphylococcus aureus sub spices aureus strain ATCC 6538 is a standard testing strain for disinfectants was initially isolated from a human lesion prior to the introduction of the widespread use of antimicrobials. This strain is selected for testing because it is important not only for routine screening in antimicrobial susceptibility testing but also for studying the evolution of resistance to biocides.
  • Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis ) is a gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming soil bacterium ubiquitous in the environment. In the literature, only a few cases of infections due to B. subtilis are reported and only one retrospective study describes the isolation of antibiotic-resistant strains of B. subtilis.
  • Candida causes a disease invasive candidiasis. It is a serious infection that can affect the blood, heart, brain, eyes, bones, and other tissues (Antinori et al., 2016). Moreover, it is the most common fungal disease among hospitalized, oncologic and immune suppressed patients in the developed world (Antinori et al., 2016). Mucosal infections are also very common, with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) being the second most frequent gynecological condition after bacterial vaginosis (Anderson et al., 2004). VVC is a disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected women worldwide, particularly those with chronic and recurrent infections (Sobel, 2016). Out of many Candida multidrug-resistant Candida albicans has been selected for testing the product of present invention.
  • Dey-Engley Neutralizing Broth is used in disinfectant testing where neutralization of the antiseptics and disinfectants is important for determining bactericidal activity. Bactericidal activity is measured by percentage log reduction of bacterial count.
  • Bactericidal, Fungicidal, and Sporocidal activity is shown in below table by along with initial count and % of age reduction at time interval of 1, 2, 5 and 10 minutes

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une formulation contenant des ingrédients organiques et non organiques qui transforment facilement les excréments humains, animaux et aviaires et/ou les risques biologiques en gel ou granules biodégradables et/ou non biodégradables. La formulation comprend des ingrédients organiques et/ou inorganiques ; absorbant, biocide, liant, additif de parfum, anthelminthique, anti-protozoaire et culture bactérienne. La formulation peut être déployée sous diverses formes ou modes qui peuvent être placés dans des réceptacles.
PCT/IN2020/050685 2020-01-25 2020-08-03 Élimination écologique d'excréments WO2021149069A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202011003449 2020-01-25
ININ202011003449 2020-01-25

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WO2021149069A1 true WO2021149069A1 (fr) 2021-07-29

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5885263A (en) * 1995-04-18 1999-03-23 Elf Atochem S.A. Superabsorbent composition intended for the production of sanitary articles of the underwear, diaper or disposable diaper type which do not develop unpleasant smells
WO2010119272A1 (fr) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 Imperial Innovations Limited Matériau absorbant
US20150181863A1 (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-02 Evonik Industries Ag Flexible superabsorbent binder polymer and antimicrobial agent composition
US20150197433A1 (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-16 Integrated Chemical Technologies, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating toilets

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5885263A (en) * 1995-04-18 1999-03-23 Elf Atochem S.A. Superabsorbent composition intended for the production of sanitary articles of the underwear, diaper or disposable diaper type which do not develop unpleasant smells
WO2010119272A1 (fr) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 Imperial Innovations Limited Matériau absorbant
US20150181863A1 (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-02 Evonik Industries Ag Flexible superabsorbent binder polymer and antimicrobial agent composition
US20150197433A1 (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-16 Integrated Chemical Technologies, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating toilets

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MAGRI, M. E. ET AL.: "Inactivation of Pathogens in Feces by Desiccation and Urea Treatment for Application in Urine-Diverting Drv Toilets", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 79, no. 7, April 2013 (2013-04-01), pages 2156 - 2163, XP055843446, DOI: 10.1128/aem.03920-12 *

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