WO2021147499A1

WO2021147499A1 - Antenna and communication device

Info

Publication number: WO2021147499A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/130201
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李孜; 马良; 秦卫星
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2020-01-22
Filing date: 2020-11-19
Publication date: 2021-07-29
Also published as: CN113161731A; CN113161731B

Abstract

Disclosed in embodiments of the present application are an antenna and a communication device. The antenna comprises: a dielectric plate; a ground plate, the ground plate being disposed on the dielectric plate, a first surface of the ground plate being opposite to a first surface of the dielectric plate, and the ground plate comprising a first side edge and a second side edge intersecting each other; a first directional antenna and a first parasitic unit which are both printed on the first surface of the dielectric plate, disposed close to the intersection of the first side edge and the second side edge, and separately electrically connected to the ground plate, the first directional antenna being disposed close to the first side edge, and the first parasitic unit being perpendicular to the first side edge. The first directional antenna works in a first frequency band, the wavelength of the first frequency band is λ1, the electrical length of the first directional antenna is L1, and L1 satisfies (I); the electrical length of the first parasitic unit is L2, and L2 satisfies (II); wherein A₁ and A₂ are preset thresholds. The antenna improves the omni-directional radiation performance of an antenna without changing the profile height, and is beneficial to device miniaturization.

Description

Antenna and communication equipment

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China, the application number is 202010075345.9, and the invention title is "antenna and communication equipment" on January 22, 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a communication device.

Background technique

The built-in antennas of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) devices usually use directional antennas. Directional antennas transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in one or several specific directions, while transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in other directions are extremely strong. Small.

However, in actual use, users hope that the wireless local area network equipment can have omnidirectional radiation capability, so that relatively high gains can be obtained in any direction.

In order to improve the omni-directional radiation performance of the antenna, there are currently two common solutions:

1. Set the directional antenna on the side wall of the shell around the circuit board. At the same time, the cross-sectional size of the communication equipment will increase, making the whole machine too large and increasing the cost.

2. Increase the directional antenna headroom. It will also make the overall size of the communication equipment too large and increase the cost.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna and a communication device, which solves the problem that the omnidirectional antenna occupies a large space, which makes the whole machine too large and increases the cost.

To achieve the above objective, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, an antenna is provided, including: a dielectric plate; a ground plate, the ground plate is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the first surface of the ground plate Opposite to the first surface of the dielectric plate, the ground plate includes: intersecting first and second sides; a first directional antenna and a first parasitic element, the first directional antenna and the The first parasitic unit is printed on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and is arranged close to the intersection of the first side and the second side, and is electrically connected to the ground plate respectively, wherein the A first directional antenna is arranged close to the first side, and the first parasitic element is perpendicular to the first side; the first directional antenna works in a first frequency band, and the wavelength of the first frequency band is λ ₁ , the electrical length of the first directional antenna is L ₁ , and L ₁ satisfies:

The electrical length of the first parasitic unit is L ₂ , and L ₂ satisfies:

Among them, A ₁ and A ₂ are preset thresholds. Therefore, when the first directional antenna works, an induced current is generated on the grounding plate, and the induced current on the grounding plate and the current on the first directional antenna work together to radiate directionally to the lower right corner of the grounding plate. The first parasitic unit can suppress the induced current on the ground plate, so that the current on the ground plate is suppressed and reduced, and the current on the first parasitic unit will increase accordingly. Among them, the electrical lengths of the first directional antenna and the first parasitic element are the same, and both are about

So that the current distribution on the first directional antenna and the first parasitic element is similar to the current distribution on the dipole antenna placed perpendicular to the first side, the first directional antenna and The first parasitic element works together to produce a dipole-like omnidirectional characteristic, which radiates uniformly in the horizontal plane, and improves the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna.

The above-mentioned first directional antenna and the first parasitic element are both printed on the dielectric board, without changing the cross-sectional size of the antenna, the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna can be improved, and the size of the whole machine can be avoided to increase, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and reduction of the equipment. The production cost.

In an optional implementation manner, the angle between the first side and the second side is a right angle, the first directional antenna is parallel to the first side, and the first The parasitic unit is parallel to the second side. The first parasitic unit is perpendicular to the first side, and the first directional antenna and the first parasitic unit are respectively arranged close to the two sides of the ground plate, and the first directional antenna and the first parasitic unit are both close to the ground. Compared with the first side of the floor, the space occupied by the antenna can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the device.

In an optional implementation manner, the first parasitic unit is an L-shaped structure or a J-shaped structure, wherein the "丨" side of the L-shaped structure or the J-shaped structure is parallel to the second side. . Therefore, the first parasitic element is set to be L-shaped or J-shaped, which reduces the length of the side "丨", can reduce the capacitance to the ground of the first parasitic element, and improves the radiation performance of the antenna.

In an alternative implementation manner, a first cross arm is provided on the second side, the first cross arm is parallel to the first side, and the L-shaped structure or the J-shaped structure is The "丨" side is connected with the first cross arm. Therefore, by providing the first cross arm, it is convenient for the first parasitic unit to be connected to the ground plate.

In an optional implementation manner, the first directional antenna includes: a T-shaped feeding unit electrically connected to a feeding port, a main radiator parasitic on one side of the T-shaped feeding unit, and the main radiator The radiator is parallel to the first side, and the main radiator is electrically connected to the ground plate. As a result, the first directional antenna has a flexible structure and can induce a ground current on the ground plate, and furthermore, the radiation performance of the antenna can be changed by controlling the distribution of the ground current.

In an optional implementation manner, the first directional antenna is an inverted F antenna, and the inverted F antenna includes: a main radiator, a first vertical arm connecting the main radiator and a feeding port, And a second vertical arm connecting the main radiator and the ground plate, and the main radiator is parallel to the first side. Therefore, the structure of the first directional antenna is flexible. When the inverted F-shaped structure is adopted, the ground current can be induced on the ground plate, and the radiation performance of the antenna can be changed by controlling the distribution of the ground current.

In an optional implementation manner, a first control switch is provided between the first parasitic unit and the ground plate. When the first control switch is closed, the antenna can radiate omnidirectionally in the horizontal plane; when the first control switch is open, the antenna can radiate directionally. Therefore, by setting the first control switch, the working mode of the antenna can be adjusted as required.

In an optional implementation manner, it further includes: a second parasitic unit parallel to the first side, a second control switch is provided between the second parasitic unit and the ground plate, wherein the The electrical length of the second parasitic unit is L ₃ , and L ₃ satisfies:

Among them, A ₃ is the preset threshold. Therefore, when the first directional antenna works, an induced current is generated on the ground plate, and the induced current on the ground plate and the current on the first directional antenna work together to form directional radiation. The second parasitic unit can suppress the induced current on the ground plate, so that the current on the ground plate is suppressed and reduced, and the current on the second parasitic unit will increase accordingly, so that the first directional antenna and the The current distribution on the second parasitic element is similar to the current distribution on the dipole antenna placed parallel to the first side. Therefore, the radiation characteristics of the first directional antenna and the second parasitic element are similar. Dipole characteristics. As a reflector, the grounding plate has the strongest radiation performance in the direction perpendicular to the first side, realizing vertical directional radiation.

The above-mentioned first directional antenna and the first parasitic element are both printed on the dielectric board, and the vertical directional radiation performance of the antenna can be improved without changing the cross-sectional size of the antenna, avoiding the increase in the size of the whole machine, which is conducive to the miniaturization and reduction of equipment. The production cost.

In an optional implementation manner, the second parasitic unit has a "one"-shaped structure. Therefore, the second parasitic unit has a simple structure and is easy to assemble.

In an optional implementation manner, it further includes: a control unit configured to control the on and off of the first control switch and the second control switch according to the user's request information; wherein, when the first control switch When a control switch and the second control switch are open, the antenna works in the first mode; when the first control switch is closed and the second control switch is open, the antenna works in the second mode When the first control switch is open and the second control switch is closed, the antenna works in the third mode; the first mode and the third mode are directional polarization modes, and the second The mode is omnidirectional polarization mode. Wherein, the user's request information includes, for example, the user's position information, and the control module can select the corresponding polarization direction according to the user's position information. When the user is in the horizontal direction of the communication device and there is only one user, the antenna can be made to work in the first mode. When the user is in the horizontal direction of the communication device and there are multiple users, the antenna can be made to work in the second mode. When the user is in the vertical direction of the communication device, the antenna can be made to work in the third mode. Moreover, when the user moves, for example, from the horizontal direction where the communication device is located to the vertical direction of the communication device, the control module can dynamically adjust the working mode of the antenna according to the position information of the user. As a result, the polarization direction of the antenna can be adjusted, and the user can be dynamically tracked.

In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a communication device is provided, which includes a radio frequency module and the antenna as described above, and the radio frequency module and the antenna are electrically connected. Therefore, the communication device adopts the above-mentioned antenna to improve the omnidirectional radiation performance. At the same time, the antenna and the grounding plate are printed on the dielectric board, and the cross-sectional height is small, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the communication device.

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna;

Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of current distribution of the circuit board in Fig. 2;

Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the directional antenna in Fig. 2;

Fig. 2c is a radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 2;

Fig. 2d is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 2;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna;

Fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the circuit board in Fig. 3;

Fig. 3b is a radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 3;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of this application;

Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the circuit board in Fig. 4;

Fig. 4b is a radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 4;

Fig. 4c is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the directional antenna in Fig. 4;

Fig. 4d is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 4;

Fig. 4e is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 4;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of this application;

Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the circuit board in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6b is a radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6c is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the directional antenna in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6d is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6e is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6f is a graph of S parameters of the antenna in Fig. 6 in the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode as a function of frequency;

Fig. 6g is a graph of the efficiency of the antenna in the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode as a function of frequency in Fig. 6;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the circuit board in FIG. 7;

Fig. 7b is a radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 7;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the circuit board in FIG. 9;

Fig. 9b is a radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 9.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

In addition, in this application, the azimuthal terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the schematic placement of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative For the description and clarification, it can be changed correspondingly according to the changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

Dipole antenna: It is composed of a pair of symmetrically placed conductors. The two ends of the conductors close to each other are connected to the feeder. When used as a transmitting antenna, electrical signals are fed into the conductor from the center of the antenna; when used as a receiving antenna, the received signal is also obtained from the conductor at the center of the antenna.

Omnidirectional antenna: It shows uniform radiation in 360° on the horizontal pattern. The smaller the lobe width, the greater the gain.

Directional antenna: It shows radiation in a certain angle range on the horizontal pattern, which is usually said to be directional. The smaller the lobe width, the greater the gain.

The following describes the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

First, please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

The communication device 01 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes, but is not limited to, wireless local area network (WLAN) devices and other electronic products with wireless communication functions. The communication device 01 includes an antenna module 02, a device body 03, and a radio frequency module 04. Both the antenna module 02 and the radio frequency module 04 are assembled on the main body 03 of the device. The radio frequency module 04 is electrically connected to the antenna module 02 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals to the antenna module 02 through the feed port 1001. The antenna module 02 radiates electromagnetic waves according to the received electromagnetic signals or sends electromagnetic signals to the radio frequency module 04 according to the received electromagnetic waves, so as to realize the transmission and reception of wireless signals. Among them, the radio frequency module (Radio Frequency module, AF module) 30 is a circuit that can transmit and/or receive radio frequency signals, such as a transceiver (transmitter and/or receiver, T/R).

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna. As shown in FIG. 2, the antenna module 02 includes: a dielectric plate 10, and a ground plate 20 and a first directional antenna 40 arranged on the dielectric plate 10. The first directional antenna 40 and the ground plate 20 are located in the same plane, and the first directional antenna 40 is arranged close to the upper left corner of the ground plate 10.

The first directional antenna 40 includes a T-shaped feeding unit 100 electrically connected to the feeding port 1001, and a main radiator 30 parasitic on one side of the T-shaped feeding unit 100.

When the antenna module 02 is working, the current distribution on the first directional antenna 40 is shown in Fig. 2a, an induced current is generated on the ground plate 20, and the current distribution on the ground plate 20 is shown in Fig. 2b, and the antenna radiation pattern is as Shown in Figure 2c. Fig. 2d is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna. Line 1 in FIG. 4e is the radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 in the horizontal plane.

With reference to Figure 2c, Figure 2d, and Figure 4e, the radiation pattern of the antenna has the strongest radiation intensity in the negative x-axis direction, and the antenna pattern is consistent with the simulation result.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure. As shown in FIG. 3, the antenna module 02 includes: a dielectric plate 10, and a ground plate 20 and a first directional antenna 40 arranged on the dielectric plate 10. The first directional antenna 40 and the ground plate 20 are located in the same plane, and the first directional antenna 40 is arranged close to the upper left corner of the ground plate 10.

The first directional antenna 40 is an inverted F antenna. The inverted F-shaped antenna includes a main radiator 30, a first vertical arm connecting the main radiator 30 and the feeding port 1001, and a second vertical arm connecting the main radiator 30 and the ground plate 20, so The main radiator 30 is parallel to the first side.

When the antenna module 02 is working, induced current is generated on the ground plate 20, the current distribution on the ground plate 20 is shown in FIG. 3a, and the antenna radiation pattern is shown in FIG. 3b.

With reference to Figure 3b, the radiation pattern of the antenna has the strongest radiation intensity in the Y-axis direction.

The first directional antenna 40 in the above-mentioned antenna module 02 has a higher radiation intensity in only one direction and a smaller radiation range. In the prior art, in order to increase the radiation range of the antenna, it is necessary to increase the headroom of the antenna. Therefore, the more antennas with omnidirectional radiation capability, the larger the size of the communication device, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the size of the communication device. Big production costs. The embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which improves the omnidirectional coverage capability of the antenna without increasing the size of the communication device.

Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 7. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the application. Among them, the antenna module 02 corresponds to the antenna module 02 in the communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 7, the antenna module 02 includes: a dielectric board 10, and a ground board 20, a first directional antenna 40 and a first parasitic unit 60 arranged on the dielectric board 10.

Wherein, the first surface of the ground plate 20 is opposite to the first surface of the dielectric plate 10. In this embodiment, the dielectric board 10 is, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB, Printed Circuit Board), and a ground plate 20 is provided on the first surface of the dielectric board 10. Specifically, the material of the ground plate 20 may be metallic copper, that is, the ground plate 20 is a copper layer provided on the first surface of the dielectric plate 10. In one embodiment, the ground plate 20 is printed on the first surface of the dielectric plate 10. In other embodiments, the dielectric plate 10 may also be other substrates with a bearing function, and the material of the ground plate 20 may also be other conductors, which is not specifically limited in this application.

The ground plate 20 includes a first side and a second side.

It should be noted that the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 are any two adjacent sides, and the first side and the second side intersect.

Wherein, the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 respectively include opposite first and second ends, and the first end of the first side and the first end of the second side intersect.

The first parasitic element 60 of the first directional antenna 40 is arranged close to the intersection of the first side and the second side, for example.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific positions of the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic unit 60. In an implementation manner of the present application, the first directional antenna 40 is disposed close to the first end of the first side. The first parasitic unit 60 is, for example, disposed close to the first end of the second side, and the first parasitic unit 60 is perpendicular to the first side. In another implementation manner of the present application, the first directional antenna 40 is disposed close to the first end of the second side, the first parasitic element 60 is disposed close to the first end of the first side, and the first parasitic element 60 is disposed close to the first end of the first side. Perpendicular to the second side.

Therefore, the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 are respectively arranged close to two sides of the ground plate 20, and the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 are arranged close to one side of the ground plate 20. Compared with the setting, the space occupied by the antenna module 02 can be reduced.

The angle between the first directional antenna 40 and the first side is, for example, greater than or equal to 0°, and the angle between the first parasitic element 60 and the second side is, for example, greater than or equal to 0°. The angle between 40 and the first side and the angle between the first parasitic unit 60 and the second side are not limited. It is only necessary to make the first parasitic unit 60 perpendicular to the first side edge.

The first directional antenna 40 includes at least a main radiator 30. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the main radiator 30, and the first parasitic unit 60 can be made of the same material as the main radiator 30. The above-mentioned first parasitic element 60 is perpendicular to the first directional antenna 40, which can be defined as the first parasitic element 60 being perpendicular to the main radiator 30.

The first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic unit 60 are, for example, printed on the first surface of the dielectric board 10 and are electrically connected to the ground board 20 respectively.

For example, the first directional antenna 40 works in a first frequency band, the wavelength of the first frequency band is λ ₁ , and the electrical length of the first directional antenna 40 is L ₁ , and L ₁ satisfies:

A ₁ is the preset threshold.

The electrical length of the first parasitic unit 60 is L ₂ , and L ₂ satisfies:

A ₂ is the preset threshold.

In this embodiment, the first frequency band is, for example, the 2.4G frequency band. In other implementation manners of this application, the first frequency band may also be a 5G frequency band.

Electrical length refers to the ratio of the mechanical length (also called physical length or geometric length) of the propagation medium and structure to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating on the medium and structure.

In this embodiment, the first directional antenna 40 is close to the upper left corner of the ground plate 20, and the first directional antenna 40 is electrically connected to the feed port 1001. When the first directional antenna 40 is working, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 7a As shown, an induced current is generated on the ground plate 20, and under the combined action of the induced current on the ground plate 20 and the current on the first directional antenna 40, the antenna radiates in the negative direction of the X-axis. Referring to FIG. 4c, the first parasitic unit 60 can suppress the induced current on the ground plate 20, so that the current on the ground plate 20 is suppressed and reduced, and the current on the first parasitic unit 60 will increase accordingly.

In addition, the electrical lengths of the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 are the same, so that the current distribution on the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 is perpendicular to the first side. The current distribution on the placed dipole antenna is similar. The first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 work together to produce a dipole-like omnidirectional characteristic and radiate uniformly in the horizontal plane.

Among them, the radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 in FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 4b. Fig. 4d is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna module 02. Line 2 in FIG. 4e is the radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 on the XOY plane. The radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 in FIG. 7 is shown in FIG. 7b.

According to Fig. 4b, Fig. 4d and Fig. 4e, the radiation pattern of the antenna is consistent with the simulation result, and the radiation pattern of the antenna radiates uniformly outward in the XOY plane.

Next, referring to Fig. 7b, it can be seen that the radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 7 radiates uniformly outward in the XOY plane.

In the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 are both printed on the dielectric board 10. There is no need to change the cross-sectional size of the antenna to improve the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna and avoid the whole device. The increase in size is conducive to the miniaturization of the equipment and reduces the production cost.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the ground plate 20. In an implementation manner of the present application, as shown in FIG. 4, the ground plate 20 is, for example, a regular rectangle. The angle between the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 is a right angle. Wherein, the first end of the first side and the first end of the second side intersect, the first directional antenna 40 is disposed close to the first end of the first side, and the first directional antenna 40 is parallel to the first end. One side. The first parasitic unit 60 is, for example, disposed close to the first end of the second side, and the first parasitic unit 60 is parallel to the second side.

It should be noted that the first side and the second side may be straight lines or curved lines. The first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 are close to the intersection of the first side and the second side, and are located outside the ground plate 20.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the first directional antenna 40. In an implementation manner of the present application, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, the angle between the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 is a right angle. The first directional antenna 40 includes a T-shaped feeding unit 100 electrically connected to the feeding port 1001, and a main radiator 30 parasitic on one side of the T-shaped feeding unit 100, wherein the main radiator 30 is parallel to the first side, and the main radiator 30 is electrically connected to the ground plate 20.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the main radiator 30. In an implementation manner of the present application, the main radiator 30 has a "one"-shaped structure. In another implementation manner of the present application, the main radiator 30 includes: a first branch parallel to the first side, a second branch parallel to the first side, and a connection between the first branch and the second branch. The third branch of the branch. Therefore, by providing multiple branches, the main radiator 30 can be made to face the sensing part of the feeding unit 100, and the radiation performance of the antenna can be improved.

In another implementation manner of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, the angle between the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 is a right angle. The first directional antenna 40 is an inverted F antenna. The inverted F-shaped antenna includes a main radiator 30, a first vertical arm connecting the main radiator 30 and the feeding port 1001, and a second vertical arm connecting the main radiator 30 and the ground plate 20, so The main radiator 30 is parallel to the first side.

Wherein, the main radiator 30 is, for example, a "one"-shaped structure.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the first parasitic unit 60. In an implementation manner of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, the angle between the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 is a right angle. The first parasitic unit 60 has an L-shaped structure. The "丨" side of the L-shaped structure is parallel to the second side.

In another implementation manner of the present application, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, the angle between the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 is a right angle. The first parasitic unit 60 is a J-shaped structure, wherein the side "丨" of the J-shaped structure is parallel to the second side.

Therefore, the first parasitic element is set to be L-shaped or J-shaped, which reduces the length of the side "丨", can reduce the capacitance to the ground of the first parasitic element, and improves the radiation performance of the antenna.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection structure of the first parasitic unit 60 and the ground plate 20. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9, the angle between the first side and the second side of the ground plate 20 is a right angle. The second side is provided with a first cross arm 50, the first cross arm 50 is parallel to the first side, and the side "丨" of the first parasitic unit is connected to the first cross arm 50. connect.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, for example, a first control switch 70 is provided between the first parasitic unit 60 and the ground plate 20. In the antenna of this embodiment, the first control switch 70 is used to control the electrical connection state between the first parasitic unit 60 and the ground plate 20, that is, to control the first parasitic unit 60 and the connection The conduction state between the floor 20, so that when the antenna is working, the on-off of the first parasitic unit 60 and the ground plate 20 can be selected according to specific needs to control whether the first parasitic unit 60 changes the The polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first directional antenna 40 is described.

In one embodiment, the first control switch 70 is a PIN diode. In other embodiments, the first control switch 70 may also be a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) switch or a photoelectric switch that can switch between on and off states.

In this embodiment, the first directional antenna 40 is composed of a main radiator 30, a first control switch 70 and a first parasitic unit 60. The electrical length L _{30 of the} main radiator 30 is equal to the sum of the electrical length L _{60 of the} first parasitic unit 60 and the electrical length L ₇₀ of the first control switch 70, that is, L ₃₀ is equal to L ₆₀ +L ₇₀ . Specifically, the sum of the electrical length of the first parasitic unit 60 and the electrical length of the first control switch 70 is approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency band, that is, L ₆₀ +L _{70 is} approximately equal to λ ₁ /4.

When the first control switch 70 is turned off, the first parasitic unit 60 is disconnected from the ground plate 20, that is, the first reflector 3 and the ground plate 20 are in a disconnected state. The antenna works in the first mode.

When the first control switch 70 is closed, the first parasitic unit 60 is electrically connected to the ground plate 20, that is, the first parasitic unit 60 and the ground plate 20 are in a conductive state. The induced current generated on the first parasitic unit 60 by electromagnetic waves with a frequency in the first frequency band can flow between the first parasitic unit 60 and the ground plate 20, and the antenna works in the second mode.

The first mode is a directional polarization mode, and the second mode is an omnidirectional polarization mode.

It can be seen from this that when the antenna shown in this embodiment is working, the first parasitic unit 60 can be controlled on and off with the ground plate 20 according to specific requirements to control whether the first parasitic unit 60 suppresses the current on the ground plate 20 and determine whether the first parasitic unit 60 suppresses the current on the ground plate 20. Whether the directional antenna 40 generates an omnidirectional beam or a directional beam in the first frequency band.

The embodiment of the present application also provides an antenna. The antenna includes: the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic unit 60 as described above, which will not be repeated here. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the antenna further includes: a second parasitic unit 80, the second parasitic unit 80 is parallel to the first side of the ground plate 20, wherein the electrical power of the second parasitic unit 80 The length is L3, and L3 satisfies:

Among them, A3 is the preset threshold.

In this embodiment, the first directional antenna 40 is electrically connected to the feeding port 1001. When the first directional antenna 40 is working, as shown in FIGS. 6a and 9a, an induced current is generated on the ground plate 20, and the ground plate 20 is The induced current and the current on the first directional antenna 40 work together to form directional radiation. As shown in FIG. 6c, when the second parasitic unit 80 is added, the second parasitic unit 80 can suppress the induced current on the ground plate 20, so that the current on the ground plate 20 is suppressed and becomes smaller. The current on 80 will increase accordingly, so that the current distribution on the first directional antenna 40 and the second parasitic element 80 and the current on the dipole antenna placed parallel to the first side The distribution conditions are similar. Therefore, the radiation characteristics of the first directional antenna 40 and the second parasitic element 80 are dipole-like characteristics. The ground plate 20 is used as a reflector, and has the strongest radiation performance in the direction perpendicular to the first side, realizing vertical directional radiation.

The radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 in FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 6b. Fig. 6d is a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna module 02. Line 3 in FIG. 6e is the radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 on the XOZ plane. The radiation pattern of the antenna module 02 in Fig. 9 is shown in Fig. 9b.

According to Fig. 6b, Fig. 6d and Fig. 6e, the radiation pattern of the antenna is consistent with the simulation result, and the antenna has the highest radiation intensity in the Z direction.

Next, referring to Fig. 9b, it can be seen that the radiation pattern of the antenna in Fig. 9 is in the direction perpendicular to the XOY, that is, the Z-axis direction has the highest radiation intensity.

The above-mentioned first directional antenna 40 and first parasitic element 60 are both printed on the dielectric board 10, without changing the cross-sectional size of the antenna, the radiation performance of the antenna in the direction perpendicular to the first side can be improved, and the overall size can be avoided The enlargement is conducive to the miniaturization of the equipment and the production cost is reduced.

Wherein, a second control switch 90 is provided between the second parasitic unit 80 and the ground plate 20.

In this embodiment, the electrical length L _{30 of the} main radiator 30 is equal to the sum of the electrical length L _{80 of the} second parasitic unit 80 and the electrical length L ₉₀ of the second control switch 90, that is, L ₃₀ is equal to L ₈₀ +L ₉₀ . Specifically, the sum of the electrical length of the second parasitic element 80 and the electrical length of the second control switch 90 is approximately one-fourth of the wavelength of the first frequency band, that is, L ₈₀ +L _{90 is} approximately equal to λ ₁ /4.

When the first control switch 70 and the second control switch 90 are turned off, the antenna works in the first mode.

When the first control switch 70 is closed and the second control switch 90 is open, the antenna works in the second mode.

When the first control switch 70 is opened and the second control switch 90 is closed, the antenna works in the third mode.

The first mode and the third mode are directional polarization modes. The antenna in Figure 6 radiates in the negative direction of the X axis in the first mode, and the antenna in Figure 9 radiates in the Y direction in the first mode. . The antenna in FIG. 6 radiates directionally in the Z-axis direction in the third mode, and the antenna in FIG. 9 radiates directionally in the Z direction in the third mode. The second mode is an omnidirectional polarization mode. The antenna in Fig. 6 radiates omnidirectionally on the XOY plane in the second mode, and the antenna in Fig. 9 radiates omnidirectionally on the XOY plane in the second mode.

In an implementation manner of the present application, the antenna further includes a control module configured to receive user request information and switch the working mode of the antenna according to the user request information.

Wherein, the user's request information includes, for example, the user's position information, and the control module can select the corresponding polarization direction according to the user's position information.

For example, when the user is in the horizontal direction of the communication device and there is only one user, the antenna can be made to work in the first mode.

When the user is in the horizontal direction of the communication device and there are multiple users, the antenna can be made to work in the second mode.

When the user is in the vertical direction of the communication device, the antenna can be made to work in the third mode.

Moreover, when the user moves, for example, from the horizontal direction where the communication device is located to the vertical direction of the communication device, the control module can dynamically adjust the working mode of the antenna according to the user's location information.

As a result, the polarization direction of the antenna can be adjusted, and the user can be dynamically tracked.

In an implementation manner of the present application, the ground plate 20 is a regular rectangle. The size of the ground plate 20 is, for example, 130 mm*200 mm. The total size of the first directional antenna 40, the first parasitic element 60, and the second parasitic element 80 is 58mm*25mm.

The first directional antenna 40, the first parasitic unit 60, and the second parasitic unit 80 are arranged close to the upper left corner of the ground plate 20, for example.

Wherein, the first directional antenna 40 includes: a T-shaped feeding unit 100 electrically connected to the feeding port 1001, and a main radiator 30 parasitic on one side of the T-shaped feeding unit 100, wherein the main The radiator 30 is parallel to the first side, and the main radiator 30 is electrically connected to the ground plate 20.

The first parasitic unit 60 is, for example, a J-shaped structure, wherein the side “丨” of the J-shaped structure is parallel to the second side.

The second parasitic unit 80 is parallel to the first side and is electrically connected to the ground plate 20.

When the antenna in the embodiment of the present application works, when the first control switch 70 and the second control switch 90 are turned off, the current distribution on the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 The situation is shown in Fig. 2c, and the pattern of the antenna is shown in Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d.

When the first control switch 70 is closed and the second control switch 90 is open, the antenna works in the second mode, and the current distribution on the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 The situation is shown in Fig. 4c, and the pattern of the antenna is shown in Figs. 4b and 4e.

When the first control switch 70 is opened and the second control switch 90 is closed, the antenna works in the third mode, and the current distribution on the first directional antenna 40 and the first parasitic element 60 The situation is shown in Fig. 6c, and the pattern of the antenna is shown in Fig. 6b and Fig. 6e.

Figure 4e is a horizontal plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the first mode and the second mode. Fig. 6e is a vertical plane radiation pattern of the antenna pattern in the second mode and the third mode.

Fig. 6f is a graph of the S parameters of the antenna in the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode as a function of frequency. The full name of S parameter is Scatter parameter, that is, scattering parameter.

S11 is one of the S parameters, which represents the return loss characteristics. Generally, the dB value and impedance characteristics of the loss are seen through a network analyzer. S11 is used to characterize the transmission efficiency of the antenna. The larger the value of S11, the greater the energy reflected by the antenna itself, and the worse the efficiency of the antenna.

Among them, the S parameter of the antenna satisfies S11<-10dB in the entire 2.4G～2.5G frequency band.

Fig. 6g is a graph of the efficiency of the antenna in the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode as a function of frequency.

Among them, the antenna efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna (that is, the power that effectively converts the electromagnetic wave part) and the active power input to the antenna. The efficiency of the antenna in the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode are all greater than 60%.

Thus, the on-off of the first control switch and the second control switch can be controlled according to the user's request information, thereby dynamically adjusting the working mode of the antenna, improving the radiation performance of the communication device, and improving the user experience.

In another implementation manner of the present application, the ground plate 20 is a regular rectangle. The size of the ground plate 20 is, for example, 130 mm*200 mm. The total size of the first directional antenna 40, the first parasitic element 60, and the second parasitic element 80 is 58mm*25mm.

Wherein, the first directional antenna 40 is an inverted F-shaped antenna. The inverted F-shaped antenna includes a main radiator 30, a first vertical arm connecting the main radiator 30 and the feeding port 1001, and a second vertical arm connecting the main radiator 30 and the ground plate 20, so The main radiator 30 is parallel to the first side.

The first parasitic unit 60 is, for example, an L-shaped structure, wherein the side "1" of the L-shaped structure is parallel to the second side.

When the antenna in the embodiment of the present application works, when the first control switch 70 and the second control switch 90 are turned off, the current distribution on the ground plate 20 is shown in FIG. 3a, and the antenna The direction diagram is shown in Figure 3b.

When the first control switch 70 is closed and the second control switch 90 is open, the antenna works in the second mode, and the current distribution on the ground plate 20 is shown in FIG. 7a. The direction map is shown in Figure 7b.

When the first control switch 70 is opened and the second control switch 90 is closed, the antenna works in the third mode, and the current distribution on the ground plate 20 is shown in FIG. 9a. The direction map is shown in Figure 9b.

As a result, it is possible to control the on and off of the first control switch and the second control switch according to the user's request information, thereby dynamically adjusting the working mode of the antenna, so as to improve the radiation performance of the communication device and improve the user experience.

The above are only specific implementations of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited to this. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall be covered by the protection scope of this application. . Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

An antenna, characterized in that it comprises:

Medium board

The ground plate is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the first surface of the ground plate is opposite to the first surface of the dielectric plate. The ground plate includes: intersecting first side and second side Side

The first directional antenna and the first parasitic element, the first directional antenna and the first parasitic element are printed on the first surface of the dielectric board, and are close to the first side and the first side The intersections of the two sides are arranged and are respectively electrically connected to the ground plate, wherein the first directional antenna is arranged close to the first side, and the first parasitic element is perpendicular to the first side;

The first directional antenna works in a first frequency band, the wavelength of the first frequency band is λ 1 , and the electrical length of the first directional antenna is L 1 , and L 1 satisfies:

The electrical length of the first parasitic unit is L 2 , and L 2 satisfies:

Among them, A 1 and A 2 are preset thresholds.
The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the first side and the second side is a right angle, and the first directional antenna is parallel to the first side, The first parasitic unit is parallel to the second side.
The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first parasitic element is an L-shaped structure or a J-shaped structure, wherein the "丨" side of the L-shaped structure or the J-shaped structure is parallel to the The second side.
The antenna according to claim 3, wherein a first transverse arm is provided on the second side, the first transverse arm is parallel to the first side, and the L-shaped structure or the The "丨" side of the J-shaped structure is connected to the first cross arm.
The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the first directional antenna comprises: a T-shaped feeding unit electrically connected to the feeding port, and a T-shaped feeding unit that is parasitic on the T-shaped feeding unit. The main radiator on the side, the main radiator is parallel to the first side, and the main radiator is electrically connected to the ground plate.
The antenna according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the first directional antenna is an inverted-F antenna, and the inverted-F antenna comprises: a main radiator connected to the main radiator and The first vertical arm of the feeding port, and the second vertical arm connecting the main radiator and the ground plate, the main radiator being parallel to the first side.
The antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein a first control switch is provided between the first parasitic unit and the ground plate.
7. The antenna according to claim 7, further comprising: a second parasitic element parallel to the first side, and a second control switch is provided between the second parasitic element and the ground plate, Wherein, the electrical length of the second parasitic unit is L 3 , and L 3 satisfies:

Among them, A 3 is the preset threshold.
8. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein the second parasitic element has a "one"-shaped structure.
The antenna according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising: a control unit configured to control the on and off of the first control switch and the second control switch according to user request information;

Wherein, when the first control switch and the second control switch are disconnected, the antenna works in the first mode;

When the first control switch is closed and the second control switch is open, the antenna works in the second mode;

When the first control switch is open and the second control switch is closed, the antenna works in the third mode;

The first mode and the third mode are directional polarization modes, and the second mode is an omnidirectional polarization mode.
A communication device, characterized by comprising a radio frequency module and the antenna according to any one of claims 1-10, and the radio frequency module and the antenna are electrically connected.