WO2021147258A1 - 智能穿戴装备及其使用方法 - Google Patents

智能穿戴装备及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021147258A1
WO2021147258A1 PCT/CN2020/100945 CN2020100945W WO2021147258A1 WO 2021147258 A1 WO2021147258 A1 WO 2021147258A1 CN 2020100945 W CN2020100945 W CN 2020100945W WO 2021147258 A1 WO2021147258 A1 WO 2021147258A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxygen
smart wearable
protective clothing
controller
wearable equipment
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/100945
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王海军
刘少权
王洪磊
赵建
朱伟
任道远
Original Assignee
煤炭科学研究总院
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Publication of WO2021147258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021147258A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/02—Respiratory apparatus with compressed oxygen or air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/0025—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment by means of forced air circulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A41D13/0053—Cooled garments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/015—Protective gloves
    • A41D19/01529—Protective gloves with thermal or fire protection
    • A41D19/01541—Cooled gloves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
    • A42B3/0433—Detecting, signalling or lighting devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10—Linings
    • A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/28—Ventilating arrangements
    • A42B3/281—Air ducting systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/02—Masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/04—Gas helmets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of wearable equipment, and in particular to a smart wearable equipment and a method of use thereof.
  • Dust, harmful gases, noise from working machinery, and high temperature and humidity in the mine environment form the "four hazards" of underground work, which will endanger the health of underground workers and need to be prevented.
  • the existing technical solutions are mainly aimed at the protection of the breathing process (for example, mainly the protection of dust), and most of the equipment is powerless against harmful gases, and cannot protect the human body from the effects of high temperature and humidity.
  • this application proposes a smart wearable equipment and a method of use thereof, which can carry a gas source with a minimum capacity to achieve a long continuous operation time.
  • the equipment and method also add facilities such as temperature adjustment and communication, which are integrated in a set of completely enclosed work clothes to form a complete wearable system.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a smart wearable equipment.
  • the smart wearable equipment includes: helmets and protective clothing. The helmet and the protective clothing are internally connected, and the protective clothing defines the internal space.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes: a pure oxygen source, used to provide oxygen to the helmet; an oxygen valve, one end connected to the pure oxygen source and the other end connected to the helmet, to adjust the amount of oxygen entering the helmet; nitrogen supply source, used to protect the helmet
  • the suit provides nitrogen or air including nitrogen; an air valve, one end connected to the nitrogen supply source and the other end connected to the protective suit, is used to adjust the amount of nitrogen entering the protective suit;
  • an oxygen concentration sensor is arranged in the helmet for sensing Measure the oxygen concentration and generate a signal indicating the oxygen concentration; the controller is used to obtain the signal indicating the oxygen concentration from the oxygen concentration sensor, and control the oxygen valve and the air valve according to the signal indicating the oxygen concentration, and adjust the mixed gas in the protective clothing
  • the concentration of oxygen in the oxygen; and the gas circulation device including: the air
  • the distance between the air outlet and the pure oxygen source is greater than the distance between the air inlet and the pure oxygen source.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, which is arranged in the helmet and is electrically connected to the controller, for sensing the carbon dioxide concentration in the mixed gas in the protective clothing, and generating a signal indicating the carbon dioxide concentration; wherein, the gas circulation
  • the device also includes a filter connected to the air inlet; the controller is used to obtain a signal indicating the concentration of carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and according to the signal indicating the concentration of carbon dioxide, control the filter to filter carbon dioxide in the mixed gas.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a temperature sensor, which is arranged in the internal space and is electrically connected to the controller, for sensing the temperature of the mixed gas in the internal space and generating a signal indicating the temperature; wherein the gas circulation device also includes heat dissipation
  • the controller is used to obtain the signal indicating the temperature from the temperature sensor, and according to the signal indicating the temperature, control the radiator to adjust the temperature of the mixed gas in the internal space.
  • the radiator includes louvers, a fan, and a heat exchanger.
  • the louvers include an opener.
  • the opener is electrically connected to the controller, and the fan is electrically connected to the controller; the controller is used to set the first preset according to the temperature of the mixed gas. To compare the temperature, control the opener to control the opening size of the blinds, and control the fan to turn on or off.
  • the heat exchanger includes a cooling device electrically connected to the controller; the controller is used for controlling the cooling device to adjust the temperature of the mixed gas according to the comparison between the temperature of the mixed gas and the second preset temperature, and the second preset The temperature is greater than the first preset temperature; the cooling device includes a semiconductor refrigeration fin or a miniature cooling pump.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a humidity sensor, which is arranged in the internal space and is electrically connected to the controller, for sensing the humidity of the mixed gas in the internal space and generating a signal indicating humidity; wherein, the gas circulation device also includes dehumidification
  • the controller is connected to the air outlet; the controller is used to obtain a signal indicating humidity from the humidity sensor, and according to the signal indicating humidity, control the dehumidifier to adjust the humidity of the mixed gas in the internal space.
  • the dehumidifier includes a water vapor separator, a water vapor bypass pipe, and a water vapor separation valve; the electric control end of the water vapor separation valve is electrically connected to the controller; the controller is used to select the water vapor separator or the water vapor bypass pipe according to the humidity of the mixed gas Connect to the air outlet to adjust the humidity of the mixed gas in the internal space.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a pressure relief valve, which is arranged on the protective clothing and is used to communicate the internal space of the protective clothing with the external environment.
  • the pure oxygen source is a compressed oxygen cylinder or a chemical oxygen generator
  • the nitrogen supply light source is a compressed air cylinder or a compressed nitrogen cylinder.
  • the top of the helmet is made of impact-resistant material and lined with cushioning material, the face is made of heat-insulating and sound-insulating transparent impact-resistant material, the other parts are made of impact-resistant material, and the inner is lined with heat-insulating and sound-insulating materials; and the helmet is equipped with a wireless communication device And lighting device.
  • smart wearable equipment also includes gloves and rubber boots, wherein the gloves and rubber boots are isolated from the protective clothing.
  • the gloves have the ability to interact with the touch display screen, and/or the rubber boots have anti-smashing, waterproof and insulating capabilities; and the gloves and the rubber boots are provided with heat dissipation pipes communicating with the gas circulation device.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes: a dosing device connected to a pure oxygen source; a bypass pipe connected to a pure oxygen source; a bypass selection valve, one end connected to the dosing device and the bypass pipe, and the other end connected to the oxygen valve, And it is electrically connected with the controller; the controller is used to select the dosing device or the bypass pipeline to connect to the oxygen valve, so as to provide the medicine for cleaning the lungs to the helmet.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a backpack; among them, the backpack is connected to the protective clothing, a pure oxygen source, an oxygen valve, a nitrogen supply source, an air valve, a controller, a gas circulation device, a dosing device, a bypass selection valve, and a bypass pipeline It is arranged in the backpack.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a method for protecting individuals in need.
  • the method includes: making the individual in need wear the smart wearable equipment according to the embodiments of the present application, so that the individual in need is sealed in the smart wearable equipment, and the gas in the smart wearable equipment is flowing, wherein the individual in need is inhaled Risk of hazardous substances.
  • the beneficial effects produced by the embodiments of the present application are: mixing pure oxygen with air or nitrogen through two portable gas sources, which can not only reduce the use of pure oxygen but also prevent the human body from dissolving oxygen, and use this oxygen supply method to form a portable ,
  • a breathing gas supply system that can supply pure gas for human breathing for a long time, and a completely isolated smart wearable device that can provide comprehensive, efficient and reliable protection against the "four hazards" of occupational diseases in the coal industry. Due to the dual gas supply method, the equipment has the advantage of light weight, especially the use of concentrated oxygen and air or nitrogen to configure a mixed gas suitable for breathing.
  • This application is mainly used in the coal industry, but can also be used in non-coal industries, metal mines, cement, construction sites and other severely dusty operations, and has a significant effect on preventing occupational pneumoconiosis.
  • This application can also be used in other harsh application scenarios such as high temperature, high humidity, toxic and harmful gases, noise, fire fighting, haze, bacteria, viruses, fungi, physical hazards, chemical hazards, and biological hazards.
  • This application can also be used for the health recovery treatment of occupational patients such as pneumoconiosis, or the breathing conditioning of coal workers, improving lung function, etc., by appropriately increasing the oxygen concentration in the system, or adding other gases, etc., so that the clean gas can be continuously supplied.
  • the smart wearable equipment according to the embodiments of the present application can be repeatedly used, has a long service life, and is more economical and environmentally friendly. After the coal industry adopts the smart wearable device according to the embodiments of the present application, it is possible to reduce the number of baths for employees, save water, reduce the discharge of live sewage, and protect the environment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a smart wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a smart wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application, which is a rear view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a smart wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for using a smart wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the harsh mine environment for example, dust, harmful gases, noise from working machinery, and high temperature and humidity are called the "four hazards".
  • the traditional methods of preventing and controlling the four hazards include the following four.
  • Filtering face mask or mask The disadvantage is that the face mask or mask needs to be tightly fixed with the head, and the wearing comfort is poor; the application scene of coal mine is bad, especially the concentration of dust in the air at the working face is very large, the dust prevention effect is not ideal, and the incidence of pneumoconiosis cannot be effectively reduced; It can effectively filter harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc. The protective effect of harmful gases is weak, and it cannot effectively prevent harmful gases from harming the human body.
  • isolation mask or respirator supporting breathing air supply system.
  • the disadvantage of the isolation mask or mask is that the isolation effect is not good, and it cannot completely isolate the dust and harmful gases in the external environment.
  • the breathing air supply system matched with the isolated mask or mask includes the following three types.
  • the first type a portable compressed oxygen cylinder or chemical oxygen reaction generator, provides a higher concentration of oxygen to the human body’s respiratory needs.
  • the disadvantage is that long-term breathing of higher concentration of oxygen will cause oxygen poisoning or other diseases to the human body. Therefore, this Breathing oxygen supply systems are often used as temporary emergency rescue equipment, and cannot be promoted in long-term continuous operations.
  • the second type is the portable compressed air bottle, which provides pure air for human breathing. Since the volume of the portable compressed air bottle is limited and the oxygen volume fraction in the air is only about 21%, the amount of oxygen carried each time is actually very high. Limited, so the continuous operation time is short, which is limited in the application.
  • the third type is the fixed compressed air bottle, which provides pure air for human breathing needs.
  • the fixed compressed air bottle can store a larger capacity of pure air.
  • the disadvantage is that the fixed compressed air bottle needs to be connected to the operator with a long breathing tube. Therefore, personnel can only operate within a not too far distance near the fixed compressed air cylinder, and mobility is limited.
  • Equipped with earplugs to protect against noise, it can isolate the noise, but it also isolates the way of information communication with other personnel, which is inconvenient to use.
  • this application provides a smart wearable device and a method of using the same.
  • smart wearable equipment can also be called protective clothing.
  • smart wearable equipment is coal occupational disease protection smart wearable equipment.
  • Fig. 1 shows a front view of a smart wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • smart wearable equipment includes helmet 1 and protective clothing 2.
  • Helmet 1 and protective clothing 2 are detachable, and when helmet 1 and protective clothing 2 are connected together, helmet 1 and protective clothing 2 are internally connected of.
  • the smart wearable equipment may further include a wireless voice communication device 102 and a headlight 103 for lighting that are arranged inside the helmet.
  • the smart wearable equipment may also include gloves 201 capable of operating the touch screen and rubber boots 202 with anti-smashing, waterproof and insulating capabilities.
  • Fig. 2 shows a rear view of the smart wearable equipment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a backpack 13, and a pressure relief valve 10 is also provided at the lower part of the protective clothing to connect the internal space of the protective clothing with the external environment or atmosphere.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a smart wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the smart wearable equipment includes a helmet 1 and a protective clothing 2 that defines an internal space, a pure oxygen source 4 that communicates with the helmet through an oxygen valve 3, and a nitrogen supply source that communicates with the internal space of the protective clothing through an air valve 5 6.
  • the electric control ends of the air valve and the oxygen valve are electrically connected to the controller 7.
  • the smart wearable equipment also includes a controller and an oxygen concentration sensor8.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the oxygen concentration sensor 8 arranged in the helmet.
  • the smart wearable device also includes a gas circulation device 9 which communicates with the inside of the protective clothing.
  • the gas circulation device includes an air inlet 901 communicating with the inner space of the protective clothing.
  • the air inlet is connected to the filter 902 of the gas circulation device, the gas circulation pump 903 (the part of the dashed line frame in Fig. 3) and the inside of the protective clothing through the pipeline (the thick solid line indicates the pipeline).
  • the air outlet 904 of space communication is also provided with a pressure relief valve 10 for communicating the internal space of the protective clothing with the atmosphere.
  • an internal space isolated from the outside is established inside the smart wearable device.
  • This internal space has clean mixed gas for breathing, suitable for human body temperature and humidity, and isolates external noise, provides a comfortable environment for underground workers to work for a long time, and can avoid or reduce emergencies harm.
  • the clean gas mixture is provided, the staff can be protected from silicosis and toxic gases.
  • proper temperature and humidity control can prevent personnel from damp and heat, and noise isolation can prevent personnel from deafness and other ear diseases.
  • the mine is a closed and narrow working environment. Dust tends to appear concentrated on the working surface and is difficult to disperse. If a filter is used, it will soon become clogged in such an environment and become unusable. If you use a traditional compressed air cylinder, it can only last for a short time. If you use pure oxygen compressed gas cylinders, you may face many problems such as oxygen poisoning.
  • the smart wearable device can supply clean mixed gas for a long time according to the following technical solutions.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions capable of supplying pure mixed gas for a long time.
  • the concentration of various gases in the mixed gas differs very little from the concentration of various gases in the air, so the mixed gas is a gas suitable for human breathing.
  • the nitrogen supply source may be an air source.
  • a pure oxygen source is used to provide oxygen, while a nitrogen source is used to provide clean air, so that the two are mixed to obtain a mixed gas.
  • the concentration of various gases in the mixed gas is similar to the concentration of various gases in the air.
  • the oxygen source can be a compressed oxygen cylinder or a chemical oxygen generator. Nitrogen can be derived from an air source.
  • the nitrogen supply source may be a pure nitrogen source.
  • a pure oxygen source is used to provide oxygen, and a pure nitrogen source is used to provide nitrogen at the same time, so that the two are mixed to obtain a mixed gas.
  • the mixed gas may only include nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the mixed gas may include about 78% nitrogen and about 22% oxygen.
  • Nitrogen can come from a small compressed nitrogen cylinder (nitrogen is not consumed during human respiration, so nitrogen can be used in a small cylinder, which is used to adjust the ratio of oxygen and nitrogen in the gas supply to meet the needs of human respiration).
  • the oxygen concentration sensor monitors the oxygen concentration in the internal space of the wearable equipment in real time, and transmits the oxygen concentration signal to the processor.
  • the processor controls the oxygen valve 3 according to the oxygen concentration information indicated by the oxygen concentration signal to adjust and control the oxygen and nitrogen in the mixed gas in time.
  • the ratio of air supply makes it meet the respiratory needs of the human body.
  • the carbon dioxide squeezed out of the helmet by the mixed gas is filtered out in the internal space of the protective clothing through the filter of the gas circulation device to keep the concentration of various gases in the internal space of the protective clothing consistent with the concentration of various gases in the air.
  • a carbon dioxide concentration sensor 101 can be installed in the helmet, as shown in FIG. 3. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the helmet exceeds a certain limit, increase the supply of oxygen, air or nitrogen to keep the air in the helmet fresh.
  • the smart wearable equipment when the filter in the gas circulation device has a high carbon dioxide absorption capacity, the smart wearable equipment may not include a carbon dioxide sensor; and when the filter in the gas circulation device has a normal carbon dioxide absorption capacity, the smart wearable The equipment may include a carbon dioxide sensor. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches a certain threshold, the carbon dioxide sensor will sound an alarm. At this time, the controller increases the rotation speed of the ventilator connected to the gas circulation pump 903 according to the alarm issued by the carbon dioxide sensor to increase the flow rate and speed of the gas circulation, thereby improving the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency of the filter.
  • the pure oxygen gas source and nitrogen supply source also need to be equipped with safety components such as pressure gauges, alarms, safety valves, etc., so that the entire system can operate safely and reliably.
  • safety components such as pressure gauges, alarms, safety valves, etc.
  • the alarm will alarm to remind you to replace the compressed oxygen cylinder or the chemical oxygen generator in time.
  • the safety valve sets the upper pressure limit of the compressed oxygen cylinder or chemical oxygen generator to protect it.
  • the oxygen source and nitrogen supply source can also be connected to the dosing device 401.
  • the function of the dosing device is to add some drugs to clean the lungs in the mixed gas, add atomized drugs, and physiotherapy for respiratory system and skin diseases.
  • the dosing device can be connected to a pure oxygen source, as shown in FIG. 3, and a bypass selector valve 402 is added, and the bypass selector valve is electrically connected to the controller.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides protective clothing with a helmet.
  • the body part of the protective clothing is made of soft materials, and has the ability to heat insulation, as well as considerable toughness, and has a certain ability to resist piercing by sharp substances.
  • the material of the protective clothing is lightweight, allowing people to move freely after wearing the protective clothing.
  • the difference between protective clothing and general clothing is that there is a space for gas flow inside. The mixed gas can flow in the protective clothing to take away the heat from the human body.
  • the key of this embodiment is to provide an inner space of the protective clothing that allows gas to flow.
  • the inner space of the protective clothing can not only discharge the heat released by the human body, but also assist breathing.
  • the solution for human respiration in the embodiments of this application is to fully mix air or pure nitrogen, pure oxygen, and carbon dioxide exhaled by the human body in a limited space to form a mixed gas suitable for human respiration.
  • This limited space needs to be large enough to be able to obtain a good effect of mixing the gas. Relying only on the space in the helmet is not enough. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the helmet and the protective clothing body part are combined to form a space sufficient to contain a certain amount of gas, and an exhaust port is set at the output port far away from the pure oxygen to discharge part of the mixed gas containing a lower oxygen concentration. , So that the oxygen concentration, nitrogen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration of the mixed gas contained in the inner space of the protective clothing meet the conditions required for human breathing.
  • a gas circulation device is also provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the gas circulation device is equipped with filtering, cooling, dehumidification and other facilities to maintain the small environment in the protective clothing suitable for human activities.
  • the filter can absorb the undesirable part of the mixed gas such as the carbon dioxide discharged by the breath and the peculiar smell in the system, and keep the inner space of the protective clothing clean and fresh.
  • the filter can also be used as a redundant setting for the system. In case of special circumstances such as the failure of the internal space of the protective clothing, it can absorb the dust entering the internal space of the protective clothing, maintain the breathing air supply function of the system, and wait for repair. Under normal circumstances, because the filter only absorbs some small particles, it has a long life and can be reused. After a certain period of time, the filtering efficiency will decrease. The filter can be restored to filter by heating and baking. Ability to reduce the cost of using protective equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a temperature sensor 11 and a humidity sensor 12.
  • the controller intelligently controls the temperature and humidity of the inner space of the protective clothing based on the temperature and humidity information transmitted by these sensors.
  • the controller will automatically turn on the dehumidification function according to the signal feedback from the humidity sensor, absorb excess water vapor, and keep the humidity of the mixed gas in the system within a certain range. Too wet and not too dry, so that the wearer can get a more comfortable feeling.
  • the dehumidification function can be realized by providing components such as a water vapor separator 905, a water vapor bypass pipe 906, and a water vapor separation valve 907, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the electric control end of the water vapor separation valve is electrically connected with the controller.
  • the controller controls the water vapor separation valve 907 to select the water vapor separator 905 so that the circulating air passes through the water vapor separator 905 to filter out the moisture in the mixed gas.
  • the water vapor separation valve 907 selects the water vapor bypass pipe 906, that is, the circulating mixed gas does not pass through the water vapor separator 905 and directly enters the inner space of the protective clothing to ensure that the humidity of the mixed gas is appropriate .
  • the temperature control function can be realized by arranging a radiator 910 with shutters 908 and a fan 909 on the mixed gas circulation pipeline, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the radiator 910 may be a tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the mixed gas passes through the tube bundle to conduct heat to the heat sink on the tube bundle, and the heat sink transfers the heat to the outside atmosphere.
  • the fan 909 can also accelerate the diffusion of heat on the heat sink, so a fan 909 and louvers 908 can be arranged on the heat exchanger, and the louver 908 is provided with an opening 911 for controlling the opening of the louver (see Figure 3), and
  • the fan 909 and the opener 911 are electrically connected to the controller, and when the temperature of the inner space of the protective clothing is greater than the first temperature threshold, the opener 911 controls the shutter 908 to open. If necessary, turn on the fan 909 again to speed up the heat dissipation.
  • a cooling device on the heat exchanger, such as a semiconductor refrigeration fin 912 (see Figure 3) or a miniature cooling pump, etc., to make the heat exchanger a refrigerator and keep the inner space of the protective clothing at a temperature suitable for the human body.
  • the refrigeration device is turned on to speed up heat dissipation.
  • the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold.
  • the smart wearable equipment may also only include a radiator 910 with shutters 908 and a fan 909, or the smart wearable equipment may also only include a radiator provided with a cooling device.
  • the helmet provided in the embodiments of the present application may also have the function of a safety helmet, as well as communication, lighting and other functions, which is different from the usual sealed protective clothing.
  • the top of the helmet in this embodiment is made of impact-resistant material
  • the inner lining is made of cushioning material
  • the face is made of heat-insulating, sound-proof and transparent anti-impact material
  • the other parts are made of anti-impact material
  • the inner lining is heat-insulating
  • the sound insulation material, the neck and the inner space of the protective clothing are completely integrated and connected.
  • Gloves and rubber boots are isolated from the internal space of the protective clothing, which means that after the protective clothing is worn, the hands and feet are exposed to the outside.
  • the internal space of the protective clothing is sealed on the forearms and calves. This is for the convenience of operating other equipment. It is different from most other protective clothing.
  • the gloves and rubber boots according to the embodiments of the present application can be conventional gloves and rubber boots, or they can be heat dissipation pipes connected with the pipelines of the gas circulation device to eliminate excess heat generated by hands and feet during activities.
  • some devices that often need frequent maintenance and replacement can be integrated into the backpack 13 (see the part in the dashed box in Figure 3), such as compressed air cylinders or compressed nitrogen cylinders, compressed oxygen cylinders or Chemical oxygen generator, controller and battery 14, as well as circulating pumps, cooling equipment, dehumidification equipment, etc. of the gas circulation device.
  • the overall equipment is made of flame-retardant and anti-static materials, so it has the ability to work in special environments. Therefore, the equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used not only in the coal industry, but also in non-coal industries, metal mines, cement, construction sites and other dusty operations, and has a significant effect on preventing occupational pneumoconiosis.
  • the smart wearable equipment has the characteristics of a lightweight and portable breathing air supply system, has the ability of completely isolated protection, can prevent the "four hazards”, has complete functions, and its operation is completely intelligent, and it can be disassembled, cleaned and removed. Maintenance and repair are convenient, economical, and continuous operation and emergency emergencies are taken into account.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for using smart wearable equipment according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method according to the embodiment of the present application adopts smart wearable equipment that is completely isolated from the outside world, which is more effective and stable than the most commonly used filter protection equipment, and the protection efficiency can reach 100% in theory.
  • smart wearable equipment can be coal occupational disease protection smart wearable equipment, which can cope with the harsh working environment of coal mining face and protect the health of workers.
  • the smart wearable equipment for coal occupational disease protection is fully functional and can play a comprehensive protective role against the "four hazards" of occupational diseases in the coal industry, including dust, harmful gases, noise, and heat damage.
  • the equipment is fully intelligent, without manual operation.
  • the sensor intelligently senses the changes in temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration in the system, and feeds them back to the processor in time to adjust the motor and ventilator speed, whether the steam separator is turned on, and whether the radiator fan is turned on , The opening of the radiator shutters, and the adjustment and control of the ratio of oxygen and nitrogen in the breathing air supply, etc., to keep the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration in the system in a relatively comfortable range.
  • economic factors such as the recyclability of the multi-function filter, are taken into consideration, so as to reduce the life cycle cost of the equipment.
  • the method according to the embodiment of the present application includes the following specific steps, and the flow is shown in FIG. 4.
  • Step S1 wear equipment: wear protective clothing, airtight wrists and ankles, put on rubber shoelaces and gloves, connect the heat dissipation pipes of rubber shoes and gloves, put on a backpack to connect pipelines and circuits, and connect helmet pipelines and circuits.
  • the process of putting on the equipment is to put on the body part of the protective suit first, then put on the backpack to connect the pipelines and circuits.
  • the key to wearing is to seal the arms and legs, so that the inner space of the protective clothing is completely isolated from the outside.
  • the wearing of protective clothing should be mainly self-wearing, with the help of others, and avoid the design that is completely worn by others.
  • Step S2 start the controller: start the controller to perform self-checking of the controller, and detect the status of each valve and sensor, the status of the wireless voice communication device, and the status of the headlight; turn on the gas circulation device and detect the working status of the gas circulation device.
  • the communication methods inside and outside the protective clothing can be redundant, that is, multiple communication methods, including wireless communication, wired communication, gestures, etc., to ensure that the wearer can fully communicate with the outside world after wearing the helmet.
  • the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen is adjusted in the initial process to a level that allows people to breathe normally, so that after wearing a helmet, they can breathe normally.
  • the oxygen concentration sensor is exposed to the atmosphere at this time, it cannot correctly monitor the oxygen concentration inside the protective clothing and can only be used as a reference.
  • Step S3 put on the helmet: put on the helmet and airtightly connect the helmet with the protective clothing to detect the working status of the entire equipment: open the oxygen valve and air valve, the controller adjusts the ratio of oxygen and nitrogen in the helmet through the oxygen concentration sensor, and passes The temperature and humidity sensor adjusts the temperature and humidity of the inner space of the protective clothing.
  • the air valve can control the amount of air or nitrogen entering the inner space of the protective clothing.
  • an air source may be connected to an air valve, so that the amount of air entering the inner space of the protective clothing can be adjusted through the air valve.
  • a pure nitrogen source may be connected to an air valve, so that the amount of nitrogen entering the inner space of the protective clothing can be adjusted through the air valve.
  • the entire equipment After putting on the helmet, the entire equipment is in a fully automated monitoring state, and the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, etc. are under the monitoring of various sensors at this time.
  • the helmet and the body part of the protective clothing should be able to be separated quickly, and a safety valve that can be opened quickly is provided on the helmet, so that the wearer or other personnel can quickly connect the helmet with the outside.
  • Step S4 breathing control process: the controller monitors the oxygen concentration in the helmet in real time through the oxygen concentration sensor. Since the outlet of the oxygen tube is a distance from the nose and mouth, the human body does not breathe pure oxygen, but a certain amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Mixed gas, when the oxygen concentration is too high, input a certain amount of air or nitrogen. Since the outlets of the pure oxygen source and the air source are both set in the helmet, the pressure in the helmet increases and the output pressure is sent to other parts of the protective clothing When the pressure in the inner space of the protective clothing is large enough, the pressure relief valve opens to discharge the excess air in the protective clothing.
  • the present embodiment mainly supplies oxygen during the breathing control process, and at the same time, the internal space of the protective clothing is used to provide opportunities for oxygen to be mixed with other gases.
  • the helmet provides a mixed gas with a higher oxygen concentration and suitable for breathing, and part of the mixed gas with a lower oxygen concentration is discharged out of the protective clothing through a pressure relief valve.
  • the nitrogen supply source is only turned on when the pressure in the inner space of the protective clothing is insufficient to supplement the lack of air pressure. Using this principle, both oxygen and nitrogen consumption are saved, and both gas sources can be relatively reduced, which successfully achieves weight reduction.
  • Step S5 temperature control process: the controller monitors the temperature of the inner space of the protective clothing in real time through the temperature sensor, and uses opening or closing shutters, fans, and semiconductor cooling fins as a strategy for responding to temperature rise or fall.
  • the main function of the inner space of the protective clothing is to provide a space for gas circulation.
  • the mixed gas is a heat dissipation medium. Through the circulation of the mixed gas, the heat is carried away from the body and conducted to the atmosphere. The human body generates heat during activities. If the heat is not released in time, the human body will produce discomfort.
  • the temperature sensor of the gas circulation device uses the temperature of the inner space of the protective clothing as the detection object, which is equivalent to detecting the temperature of the human body. According to the data detected by the temperature sensor, the controller automatically opens the shutters, fans, cooling fins, etc. to improve the cooling effect, or conversely reduces the cooling effect, and maintains the temperature inside the protective clothing.
  • Step S6 humidity control process: the controller monitors the humidity inside the protective clothing in real time through the humidity sensor, and selects the linkage water vapor separator or the bypass water vapor separator as a strategy to deal with the increase or decrease of humidity.
  • the humidity control process of the inner space of the protective clothing mainly controls whether the circulating gas passes through the water vapor separator.
  • the circulating air is passed through the water vapor separator to separate and remove the moisture in the mixed gas.
  • the circulating gas is circulated through the bypass pipe, that is, no water vapor separation is performed.
  • steps S4, 5, and 6 are performed simultaneously.
  • Step S7 end: first turn on the helmet airtight, take off the helmet, then turn off the pure oxygen source, then turn off the nitrogen supply source, turn off the controller, take off the gloves and rubber boots, then take off the protective clothing, and separate the protective clothing from the backpack.
  • the end of the process must first open the helmet, so that the personnel can breathe natural air, to ensure the safety of the personnel.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a method for protecting individuals in need.
  • the method includes making an individual in need wear the smart wearable equipment according to the embodiment of the present application, making the individual in a sealed state in the smart wearable equipment, and the gas in the smart wearable equipment is flowing.
  • the individuals in need are at risk of inhaling harmful substances.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种智能穿戴装备及其使用方法。智能穿戴装备包括头盔和防护服。头盔和所述防护服内联通，且防护服限定内部空间。智能穿戴装置还包括：纯氧气源，用于向头盔提供氧气；氧气阀，用于调节进入头盔的氧气的量；氮气提供源，用于向防护服提供氮气；空气阀，用于调节进入防护服的氮气的量；氧气浓度传感器，被布置在头盔中，用于感测氧气的浓度并产生信号；控制器，用于获取信号，并根据信号控制氧气阀与空气阀，调节防护服内混合气体中氧气的浓度；以及气体循环装置。

Description

智能穿戴装备及其使用方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202010066616.4、申请日为2020年01月20日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种穿戴设备领域，尤其涉及一种智能穿戴装备及其使用方法。
背景技术
矿井环境中的粉尘、有害气体、工作机械的噪声、矿井环境高温潮湿，形成了井下工作的“四害”，这将危害井下工作人员的身体健康，需要予以防治。现有技术方案主要针对呼吸过程的保护(例如，主要对粉尘的防护)，多数装备对有害气体无能为力，且无法防护高温潮湿对人体的影响。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的问题，本申请提出了一种智能穿戴装备及其使用方法，能够携带最低限度容量的气源实现较长时间的连续作业时间。此外，该装备和方法还增加了温度调节、通讯等设施，将这些设施集成在一套完全封闭的工作服中，形成一套完整的可穿戴系统。
本申请实施例提供一种智能穿戴装备。该智能穿戴装备包括：头盔和防护服。头盔和所述防护服内联通，且防护服限定内部空间。智能穿戴装备还包括：纯氧气源，用于向头盔提供氧气；氧气阀，一端连接至纯氧气源且另一端连接至头盔，于调节进入头盔的氧气的量；氮气提供源，用于向防护服提供氮气或包括氮气的空气；空气阀，一端连接至氮气提供源且另一端连接至防护服，用于调节进入防护服的氮气的量；氧气浓度传感器，被布置在头盔中，用于感测所述氧气的浓度并产生指示氧气浓度的信号；控制器，用于从氧气浓度传感器获取指示氧气浓度的信号，并根据指示氧气浓度的信号控制氧气阀与空气阀，调节防护服内混合气体中氧气的浓度；以及气体循环装置，包括：进气口，与防护服内联通，防护服内的混合气体通过进气口进入气体循环装置；气体循环泵，与进气口连接，用于驱动循环混合气体；出气口，与防护服内联通，混合气体通过出气口进入防护服。
进一步地，出气口距纯氧气源的距离大于进气口距纯氧气源的距离。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括二氧化碳浓度传感器，被布置在头盔内并与控制器电连 接，用于感测防护服内混合气体中的二氧化碳浓度，并产生指示二氧化碳浓度的信号；其中，气体循环装置还包括过滤器，与进气口连接；控制器用于从二氧化碳浓度传感器获取指示二氧化碳浓度的信号，并根据指示二氧化碳浓度的信号，控制过滤器过滤混合气体中的二氧化碳。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括温度传感器，被布置在内部空间中并与控制器电连接，用于感测内部空间中混合气体的温度并产生指示温度的信号；其中，气体循环装置还包括散热器；控制器用于从温度传感器获取指示温度的信号，并根据指示温度的信号，控制散热器调节内部空间中混合气体的温度。
进一步地，散热器包括百叶窗、风扇和热交换器，百叶窗包括开度器，开度器与控制器电连接，以及风扇与控制器电连接；控制器用于根据混合气体的温度与第一预设温度之间的比较，控制开度器以控制百叶窗的开度大小，并控制风扇开启或关闭。
进一步地，热交换器包括冷却装置，冷却装置与控制器电连接；控制器用于根据混合气体的温度与第二预设温度之间的比较，控制冷却装置调节混合气体的温度，第二预设温度大于第一预设温度；冷却装置包括半导体制冷片或微型冷却泵。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括湿度传感器，被布置在内部空间中并与控制器电连接，用于感测内部空间中混合气体的湿度并产生指示湿度的信号；其中，气体循环装置还包括除湿器，与出气口连接；控制器用于从湿度传感器获取指示湿度的信号，并根据指示湿度的信号，控制除湿器调节内部空间中混合气体的湿度。
进一步地，除湿器包括水汽分离器、水汽旁路管道和水汽分离阀门；水汽分离阀门的电控端与控制器电连接；控制器用于根据混合气体的湿度，选择水汽分离器或水汽旁路管道连接至出气口，来调节内部空间中混合气体的湿度。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括泄压阀，布置在防护服上，用于将防护服的内部空间与外部环境联通。
进一步地，纯氧气源是压缩氧气瓶或化学氧生成器，和/或氮气提供光源是压缩空气瓶或压缩氮气瓶。
进一步地，头盔的顶部为抗冲击材料内衬缓冲材料，面部为隔热、隔音透明的抗冲击材料，其他部分为抗冲击材料，内衬隔热、隔音材料；且头盔内设有无线通信装置和照明装置。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括手套和胶靴，其中手套和胶靴与防护服是隔绝的。
进一步地，手套具有与触摸显示屏交互的能力，和/或胶靴具有防砸、防水和绝缘能力；以及手套和胶靴内设有与气体循环装置联通的散热管道。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括：投药装置，与纯氧气源连接；旁路管道，与纯氧气源连接；旁路选择阀门，一端与投药装置和旁路管道连接，另一端连接至氧气阀，并与控制器电连接；控制器用于选择投药装置或旁路管道连接至氧气阀，以将清理肺部的药物提供至头盔。
进一步地，智能穿戴装备还包括背包；其中，背包与防护服连接，纯氧气源、氧气阀、氮气提供源、空气阀、控制器、气体循环装置、投药装置、旁路选择阀门、旁路管道被布置在背包中。
本申请实施例还提供一种保护由需要个体的方法。该方法包括：使有需要个体穿戴根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备，以使有需要个体在智能穿戴装备中是密封的，且智能穿戴装备中的气体是流动的，其中有需要个体处于吸入有害物质的风险。
本申请实施例产生的有益效果是：通过便携的两个气源将纯氧和空气或氮气混合，既能降低纯氧的使用还能够防止人体溶氧，利用这种供氧方式形成一种便携式、能够为人体呼吸所需供应较长时间的纯净气体的呼吸供气系统，以及完全隔绝式、能够对煤炭行业职业病“四害”起到全面、高效、可靠的防护效果的智能穿戴装备。由于采用双气源供应的方式，使装备具有轻量化的优点，特别是用浓缩氧气与空气或氮气配置出适合呼吸使用的混合气体，与直接采用压缩空气瓶供气的技术方案相比较，较大减轻系统重量和气瓶体积，可以便携使用，提高了煤矿作业的机动灵活性。本申请以煤炭行业日常连续作业使用为主，可以长期佩戴使用，不会对人体健康产生负面的作用，也可用于处理煤与瓦斯突出等突发情况，应急救援等危险工作，对瓦斯窒息事故具有良好的预防作用。本申请主要用于煤炭行业，但也可用于非煤炭行业、金属矿山、水泥、建筑工地等粉尘严重的作业场合，对预防职业性尘肺效果显著。本申请也可用于其他高温、高湿、有毒有害气体、噪声、消防灭火、雾霾、细菌、病毒、真菌、物理危害、化学危害、生物危害等恶劣的应用场景。本申请还可用于尘肺等职业性病人的健康恢复治疗，或煤炭作业人员的呼吸调理，提高肺部功能等，通过适当提高系统中的氧气浓度，或者添加其他气体等方法，让清洁气体源源不断的经过人体肺循环，对肺器官进行清洗，有利于尘肺病的恢复治疗，甚至在尘肺病的初期和潜伏期得到有效的遏制和功能恢复。此外，在系统中添加适合的雾化药物成分，不影响正常的工作和学习前提下，本申请将对鼻炎、咽炎、急慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、哮喘、肺部或皮肤感染、过敏性呼吸系统疾病、过敏性皮肤疾病等有显著疗效，可用于呼吸系统、皮肤等疾病的日常理疗和健康恢复。根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备可以重复循环使用，使用寿命长，更加经济和环保。煤炭行业采用根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴设备后，可以减少从业人员洗澡次数，节约用水，减少生产生 活污水排放，保护环境。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步说明。
图1是示出根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴设备的示意图；
图2是示出根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴设备的示意图，其是图1的后视图；
图3是示出根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴设备的结构示意图；
图4是示出根据本申请实施例的用于使用智能穿戴设备的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
矿井环境恶劣，例如，粉尘、有害气体、工作机械的噪声和高温潮湿称为“四害”。传统防治四害的方式包括以下四种。
(1)过滤式面罩或口罩。缺点是面罩或口罩需要与头部进行紧密的固定，佩戴舒适性差；煤矿应用场景恶劣，特别是工作面空气中粉尘浓度很大，防尘效果不理想，不能有效降低尘肺病的发病率；无法有效过滤一氧化碳、甲烷、硫化氢、二氧化硫、氮氧化合物等有害气体，对有害气体的防护效果微弱，不能有效预防有害气体对人体造成的伤害。
(2)隔绝式面罩或口罩，配套呼吸供气系统。隔绝式面罩或口罩的缺点是隔绝效果欠佳，不能完全隔离外部环境中的粉尘和有害气体。
与隔绝式面罩或口罩配套的呼吸供气系统包括以下三种。第一种，便携式压缩氧气瓶或化学氧反应生成器，提供较高浓度的氧气供应人体呼吸需要，缺点是长期呼吸较高浓度的氧气，将会对人体造成氧中毒或者其他疾病，因此这种呼吸供氧系统常作为临时性应急救援装备使用，不能在长期连续作业中推广使用。第二种，便携式压缩空气瓶，提供纯净空气供应人体呼吸需要，由于便携式压缩空气瓶容积有限，且空气中的氧气体积分数占比仅约为21％，实际上每次携带的氧气量就很有限，因此连续作业时间较短，在应用中受到限制。第三种，固定式压缩空气瓶，提供纯净空气供应人体呼吸需要，固定式压缩空气瓶可以储备较大容量的纯净空气，缺点是固定式压缩空气瓶与作业人员之间需要使用呼吸长管连接，因此人员只能在固定式压缩空气瓶附近不太远的距离内进行作业，机动灵活性受到限制。
(3)完全隔绝式口具和鼻夹，配套呼吸供气系统。完全隔绝式口具和鼻夹使用鼻夹关闭用鼻呼吸的通道，仅借助口具用嘴呼吸，可以完全隔离外部环境中的粉尘和有害气体，但是违反了人类的呼吸习惯，因此使用前需要进行专门的训练，常作为临时性应急救援装备使用。与完全隔绝式口具和鼻夹配套的呼吸供气系统与隔绝式面罩或口罩配套的呼吸供气系统 完全相同，不在重复叙述。
(4)配备耳塞防护噪声，可以隔绝噪声，但也隔绝了与其他人员进行信息沟通的途径，使用不便。
由此，本申请提供一种智能穿戴装备及其使用方法。其中，智能穿戴装备还可以称为防护服。例如智能穿戴装备是煤炭职业病防护智能穿戴装备。
图1示出根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备的正视图。如图1所示，智能穿戴装备包括头盔1和防护服2，头盔1和防护服2是可拆卸的，且当头盔1与防护服2连接在一起时，头盔1和防护服2是内部联通的。
在一些实施例中，智能穿戴装备还可以包括设置在头盔内部的无线语音通话装置102和照明用头灯103。智能穿戴装备还可以包括能够操作触摸屏的手套201和具有防砸、防水和绝缘能力的胶靴202。
图2示出根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备的后视图。如图2所示，智能穿戴装备还包括背包13，且防护服的下部还设有泄压阀10，用于将防护服的内部空间与外界环境或大气联通。
图3示出根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备的结构示意图。如图3所示，智能穿戴装备包括头盔1和限定内部空间的防护服2，通过氧气阀3与头盔内联通的纯氧气源4，通过空气阀5与防护服的内部空间联通的氮气提供源6。空气阀和氧气阀的电控端与控制器7电连接。智能穿戴装备还包括控制器和氧气浓度传感器8。控制器与设置在头盔内的氧气浓度传感器8电连接。智能穿戴装置还包括气体循环装置9，该气体循环装置9与防护服内联通。气体循环装置包括与防护服的内部空间联通的进气口901。进气口通过管路(图3中用粗实线表示管路)依次连接至气体循环装置的过滤器902、气体循环泵903(图3中点划线框的部分)和与防护服的内部空间联通的出气口904。防护服的下部还设有用于联通防护服的内部空间与大气的泄压阀10。
根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备，在智能穿戴设备内部建立一个与外部隔绝的内部空间。这个内部空间有供呼吸的干净混合气体，适合人体的温度和湿度，并隔绝外部的噪音，为井下工作人员提供能够较长时间工作的舒适环境，并在出现突发事件中能够免于或减少伤害。由于提供有干净的混合气体，工作人员能够免受矽肺病和有毒气体的侵害。此外，适宜的温度和湿度控制使人员免于湿热的困扰，隔绝噪声使人员免于耳聋等耳疾。
矿井是一个封闭且狭窄的工作环境，在工作面上粉尘往往集中出现并难以散去，如果使用过滤器，在这样的环境下很快就会出现堵塞，以致无法使用。如果使用传统的压缩空气气瓶，只能维持很短的时间。如果使用纯氧压缩气瓶，就可能面临氧中毒等诸多的问题。
因此，根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备根据以下技术方案，能够长时间供应干净的混合气体。例如，本申请实施例提供如下能够长时间供应纯净的混合气体的技术方案。其中，混合气体中各种气体的浓度与空气中各种气体的浓度相差很小，因此混合气体是适于人体呼吸的气体。
在一种示例中，氮气提供源可以是空气气源。使用纯氧气源提供氧气，同时使用氮气提供源提供清洁的空气，使两者混合得到混合气体。其中，在本示例中，混合气体中各种气体的浓度类似于空气中各种气体的浓度。氧气源可以是压缩氧气瓶或化学氧生成器。氮气可以来源于空气气源。
在另一种示例中，氮气提供源可以是纯氮气源。使用纯氧气源提供氧气，同时使用纯氮气源提供氮气，使两者混合得到混合气体。其中，在本示例中，混合气体可以仅包括氮气和氧气。例如，混合气体可以包括约78％的氮气和约22％的氧气。氮气可以来源于一个小型压缩氮气瓶(氮气在人体呼吸过程中没有消耗，因此氮气可用小型气瓶，作用是调节供气中氧气和氮气的比例，满足人体呼吸需要)。
氧气浓度传感器实时监测穿戴装备内部空间中的氧气浓度，并把氧气浓度信号传输到处理器，处理器根据氧气浓度信号指示的氧气浓度信息控制氧气阀3来及时调节控制混合气体中氧气和氮气的供气比例，使之符合人体呼吸需要。当人呼吸的时候会产生二氧化碳，由于在头盔中要不断的补充氧气和空气或氮气，使得人呼出的二氧化碳被挤出头盔，因此可以使头盔中的二氧化碳维持在安全的水平。被混合气体挤出头盔的二氧化碳在防护服内部空间中通过气体循环装置的过滤器而被过滤掉，以保持防护服内部空间的各种气体的浓度与空气中各种气体的浓度相一致。为进一步防止二氧化碳过多，可以在头盔中设置二氧化碳浓度传感器101，如图3所示。当头盔中的二氧化碳的浓度超过一定限制后，增加氧气、空气或氮气的供给量，维持头盔中的空气新鲜。
在一个示例中，当气体循环装置中的过滤器对二氧化碳的吸收能力较高时，智能穿戴装备可以不包括二氧化碳传感器；而当气体循环装置中的过滤器对二氧化碳的吸收能力一般时，智能穿戴装备可以包括二氧化碳传感器。当二氧化碳浓度达到一定阈值时，二氧化碳传感器会发出警报。此时，控制器根据二氧化碳传感器发出的警报增加与气体循环泵903连接的通风机的转速，增加气体循环的流量和速度，从而提高过滤器对二氧化碳的吸收效率。
此外，纯氧气气源和氮气提供源还需要设置压力表、报警器、安全阀等安全部件，使整个系统能够安全可靠的运行。当纯氧气源中的氧气含量不足时，报警器报警，提醒及时更换压缩氧气瓶或化学氧生成器。安全阀对压缩氧气瓶或化学氧生成器设定压力上限，起保护作 用。
氧气源和氮气提供源还可以连接投药装置401。投药装置的作用是在混合气体中增加一些清理肺部的药物，增加雾化药物，理疗呼吸系统和皮肤疾病。投药装置可以与纯氧氧气源连接，如图3所示，并增加旁路选择阀门402，旁路选择阀门与控制器电连接。
本申请实施例提供带有头盔的防护服。防护服身体部分采用柔软的材料，并具有隔热的能力，以及相当的韧性，具有一定抵抗尖锐物质刺破的能力。防护服的材料是轻质的，使人在防护服穿戴后能够行动自如。防护服与一般的服装不同点在于内部有气体流动的空间。混合气体能够在防护服内流动，以便将人体发出热量带走。
由于防护服是隔热的，外部的热量不能够进入防护服，里面的热量也不能直接释放到外部，而人体却会放出热量，如果没有将人体热量释放的通道，人将无法正常生活和工作。因此，本实施例的关键在于设置允许气体流动的防护服的内部空间。
防护服的内部空间不仅能够排出人体所释放的热量，还能够辅助呼吸。本申请实施例解决人体呼吸的方案是，在有限空间内，将空气或纯氮气、纯氧气、以及人体呼出的二氧化碳充分混合，构成适宜人体呼吸的混合气体。这个有限的空间需要足够大，以便能够取得将气体混合的良好效果。仅仅依靠头盔内的空间是不够的。因此本申请实施例将头盔和防护服身体部分结合，构成了一个足以容纳一定数量气体的空间，并在远离纯氧气的输出口设置了排气口，将含有较低氧气浓度的部分混合气体排出，使防护服的内部空间中包括的混合气体的氧气浓度、氮气浓度和二氧化碳浓度符合人体呼吸所需的条件。
为使防护服的内部空间保持混合气体新鲜，本申请实施例还设置了气体循环装置。为使防护服的内部空间的混合气体保持新鲜，气体循环装置设置了过滤、冷却、除湿等设施，以维持防护服内的小环境适宜人体活动。
过滤器可以吸收呼吸排出的二氧化碳和系统内的异味等混合气体中的不良部分，保持防护服的内部空间的清洁清新。过滤器也可以作为系统的冗余设置，如果遇到防护服的内部空间密封失效等特殊情况，可以吸收进入防护服的内部空间内的粉尘，维持系统的呼吸供气功能，等待修理。在正常情况下，由于过滤器只是吸收一些颗粒较小的物质，因此寿命较长，并且可以重复使用，经过一定时间后，过滤效能将会下降，可以通过加热烘烤的方法使过滤器恢复过滤能力，从而降低防护装备使用成本。
本申请实施例还设置了温度传感器11和湿度传感器12。如图3所示，控制器根据这些传感器所传输的温度和湿度信息智能控制防护服的内部空间的温度和湿度。当防护服的内部空间内湿度超过一定数值时，控制器将会根据湿度传感器反馈的信号，自动开启除湿功能，吸 收多余的水蒸气，使系统内混合气体的湿度保持在一定的范围，既不太潮湿，又不太干燥，使穿戴人员获得比较舒适的感受。
除湿功能可以通过设置水汽分离器905和水汽旁路管道906，以及水汽分离阀门907等部件实现，如图3所示。水汽分离阀门的电控端与控制器电连接。当湿度大于一定湿度阈值时，控制器控制水汽分离阀门907选择通过水汽分离器905，使循环的空气通过水汽分离器905，将混合气体中的水分过滤掉。当空气湿度不大于湿度阈值时则将水汽分离阀门907选择水汽旁路管道906，也就是使循环的混合气体不通过水汽分离器905，直接进入防护服的内部空间，以保证混合气体的湿度适宜。
温度控制功能可以通过在混合气体循环管路上设置带有百叶窗908和风扇909的散热器910实现，如图3所示。散热器910可以是管束式热交换器。混合气体通过管束，将热量传导给管束上的散热片，散热片将热量传递给外界的大气。还可以通过风扇909加速散热片上热量的扩散，因此可以在热交换器上设置风扇909和百叶窗908，而百叶窗908上设有用于控制百叶窗开度大小的开度器911(见图3)，并将风扇909和开度器911与控制器电连接，当防护服的内部空间的温度大于第一温度阈值时开度器911控制百叶窗908打开。，如有需要再打开风扇909，加速散热。还可以在热交换器上设置冷却装置，如半导体制冷片912(见图3)或微型冷却泵等，使热交换器成为制冷器，使防护服的内部空间保持适宜人体的温度。例如，当防护服的内部空间的温度大于第二温度阈值时，开启制冷装置，以便加快散热。其中，第二温度阈值大于第一温度阈值。
此外，在另一示例中，智能穿戴装备还可以仅包括带有百叶窗908和风扇909的散热器910，或者智能穿戴装备还可以仅包括设置有冷却装置的散热器。
矿井中需要带有安全帽，因此，本申请实施例提供的头盔还可以具有安全帽的功能，同时还具有通讯、照明等功能，这一点与通常的密封式防护服有所不同。为防止重物的冲击，本实施例所述头盔的顶部为抗冲击材料、内衬为缓冲材料，面部为隔热、隔音透明的抗冲击材料，其他部分为抗冲击材料、内衬隔热、隔音材料，颈部与防护服的内部空间完全融合联通。手套和胶靴与防护服的内部空间隔绝，也就是说防护服穿好之后，手脚是暴露在外面的，防护服的内部空间密封在小臂和小腿上，这是为了操作其他设备方便，这一点与多数其他用途的防护服不同。
根据本申请实施例的手套和胶靴可以是常规的手套和胶靴，也可以是内部带有与气体循环装置的管路联通的散热管道，以消除手脚在活动中所发出的多余热量。
为使整个装备更加轻便和易于维护，可以将一些经常需要经常维护和更换的器件集成到 背包13中(见图3中虚线框的部分)，如压缩空气瓶或压缩氮气瓶、压缩氧气瓶或化学氧生成器，控制器和电池14，以及气体循环装置的循环泵、冷却设备、除湿设备等。
整体装备采用阻燃防静电的材料构成，因此具备在特殊环境中的工作能力。因此，本申请实施例提供的装备不但可以应用在煤炭行业，也可用于非煤炭行业、金属矿山、水泥、建筑工地等粉尘严重的作业场合，对预防职业性尘肺效果显著。
根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备，具有轻量化便携式呼吸供气系统的特点，具有完全隔绝式防护的能力，能够预防“四害”，功能齐全，其操作完全智能化，并且拆卸、清理和维护修理方便，经济性好，兼顾连续作业和应急突发情况。
图4示出根据本申请实施例的用于使用智能穿戴装备的方法的流程图。
根据本申请实施例的方法采用与外界完全隔绝式智能穿戴装备，比现有最常用的过滤式防护装备更加有效，更加稳定，防护效率理论上可以达到100％。例如智能穿戴装备可以是煤炭职业病防护智能穿戴装备，能够应对煤炭采掘工作面的恶劣工作环境，保障作业人员身体健康。煤炭职业病防护智能穿戴装备的功能齐全能，能够对煤炭行业职业病“四害”，包括粉尘、有害气体、噪声、热害等，起到全面防护作用。装备完全智能化，无需人工操作，通过传感器智能感知系统内温度、湿度和氧气浓度的变化，并及时反馈给处理器，调节电动机和通风机转速、汽水分离器是否接通、散热器风扇是否开启、散热器百叶窗开度、以及调节控制呼吸供气中氧气和氮气的比例等，使系统内温度、湿度和氧气浓度保持在比较舒适的范围。在装备和系统设计中，考虑到经济性等因素，例如多功能过滤器的可循环重复使用等，降低装备的全寿命周期使用成本。
根据本申请实施例的方法包括如下具体步骤，流程如图4所示。
步骤S1，穿戴装备：穿戴防护服，将手腕和脚踝处气密，穿上胶鞋带上手套，连胶鞋和手套的散热管道，背上背包连接管路和电路，连接头盔管路和电路。
穿戴装备的过程是先穿戴防护服身体部分，之后背上背包，联通管路和电路。穿戴的关键在于是手臂和腿部的密封，使防护服的内部空间与外部完全隔绝。防护服的穿戴应当以自主穿戴为主，他人帮助穿戴，避免那种完全由他人帮助穿戴的设计。
步骤S2，启动控制器：启动控制器进行控制器自检，并检测各个阀门、传感器的状态以及无线语音通话装置的状态、头灯的状态；开启气体循环装置并检测气体循环装置的工作状态。
由于带上头盔后，防护服与外界完全隔绝，所以需要系统的初始检测以保证沟通内外的通讯正常运行。此外，防护服内外的通讯方式可以是冗余的，即多套通讯方式，包括无线通 讯、有线通讯、手势等方式，以确保带上头盔后，穿戴人员与外界能够充分沟通，一旦出现身体不适能够立即向外界表达。氧气和氮气的比例在初始过程中预先调整到能够使人正常呼吸的程度，以便在带上头盔后，就可以正常呼吸。但由于这时氧气浓度传感器暴露在大气中，无法正确的监控防护服内部的氧气浓度情况，只能作为参考。
步骤S3，带上头盔：带上头盔，并将头盔与防护服气密连接，检测整个装备的工作状态：开启氧气阀和空气阀，控制器通过氧气浓度传感器调整头盔内氧气和氮气的比例，通过温度和湿度传感器调整防护服的内部空间的温度和湿度。其中，空气阀可以控制进入防护服内部空间的空气的量或氮气的量。在一个示例中，空气气源可以与空气阀连接，以便通过空气阀来调节进入防护服内部空间的空气的量。在另一示例中，纯氮气源可以与空气阀连接，以便通过空气阀来调节进入防护服内部空间的氮气的量。
带上头盔之后，整个装备处于完全自动化监控的状态下，这时温度、湿度、氧气浓度等处于各个传感器的监控之下。为避免出现危险，头盔与防护服身体部分应当能够快速的分离，并在头盔上设置能够快速打开的安全阀，使穿戴者或其他人员能够快速的将头盔与外部联通。
步骤S4，呼吸控制过程：控制器通过氧气浓度传感器实时监控头盔内的氧气浓度，由于氧气管出口距离口鼻有一段距离，因此，人体吸入的不是纯氧，而是带有一定氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体，当氧气浓度过大时，输入一定数量的空气或氮气，由于纯氧气源和空气气源的出口均设置在头盔内，使得头盔内的压力增加，并输出压力至防护服的其他部分中，当防护服的内部空间的压力足够大时，泄压阀打开，排出防护服内部空气多余的气体。
由于人的呼吸过程主要是消耗氧气，混合气体的其他部分基本不消耗，因此，本实施例在呼吸控制过程中主要供应氧气，同时利用防护服的内部空间提供氧气与其他气体混合的机会，在头盔中提供氧浓度较大并适合呼吸的混合气体，而将氧浓度较小的部分混合气体通过泄压阀排出防护服之外。氮气提供源只是在防护服的内部空间的压力不足时才开启，补充气压的不足。利用这一原理，即节约了氧气用量也节约了氮气用量，两个气源都可以相对减小，成功的实现了轻量化。
步骤S5，温度控制过程：控制器通过温度传感器实时监测防护服的内部空间的温度，并以开启或关闭百叶窗、风扇、半导体制冷片作为应对温度升高或降低的策略。
防护服的内部空间的主要作用是提供一个气体循环的空间，在温度控制的过程中，混合气体是一种散热媒介，通过混合气体的循环，将热量从身体上带走并传导到大气中。人体在活动中会产生热量，如果不及时的散热，人体会产生不适，气体循环装置的温度传感器将防护服的内部空间的温度作为检测对象，相当于检测人体的温度。通过控制器自动的根据温度 传感器所检测的数据，依次打开百叶窗、风扇、制冷片等提高冷却效果，或者相反降低制冷效果，保持防护服内部的温度。
步骤S6，湿度控制过程：控制器通过湿度传感器实时监控防护服内部的湿度，并以选择联动水汽分离器或旁路水汽分离器作为应对湿度增加或降低的策略。
防护服的内部空间的湿度控制过程，主要是控制循环气体是否通过水汽分离器，当防护服的内部空间湿度较大时则使循环的空气通过水汽分离器，将混合气体中的水分分离并排除，当湿度较小时，则将循环气体通过旁路管道流通，即不进行水汽分离。
其中，步骤S4、5、6同时进行。
步骤S7，结束：首先开启头盔气密，摘下头盔，之后关闭纯氧气源，再关闭氮气提供源，关闭控制器，脱下手套和胶靴，之后脱下防护服，将防护服与背包分离。
结束的过程首先要打开头盔，使人员能够呼吸自然空气，以确保人员的安全。
本申请实施例还提供一种保护有需要个体的方法。该方法包括使有需要个体穿戴根据本申请实施例的智能穿戴装备，使该个体在智能穿戴装备中处于密封状态，且智能穿戴装备中的气体是流动的。其中所述有需要个体处于吸入有害物质的风险。
最后应说明的是，以上仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳布置方案对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种智能穿戴装备，包括头盔和防护服，其特征在于，所述头盔和所述防护服内联通，所述防护服限定内部空间，所述智能穿戴装备还包括：
    纯氧气源，用于向所述头盔提供氧气；
    氧气阀，一端连接至所述纯氧气源且另一端连接至所述头盔，用于调节进入所述头盔的所述氧气的量；
    氮气提供源，用于向所述防护服提供纯氮气或包括氮气的空气；
    空气阀，一端连接至所述氮气提供源且另一端连接至所述防护服，用于调节进入所述防护服的氮气的量；
    氧气浓度传感器，被布置在所述头盔中，用于感测所述氧气的浓度并产生指示氧气浓度的信号；
    控制器，用于从所述氧气浓度传感器获取所述指示氧气浓度的信号，并根据所述指示氧气浓度的信号控制所述氧气阀与所述空气阀，调节所述防护服内混合气体中氧气的浓度；以及
    气体循环装置，包括：
    进气口，与所述防护服内联通，所述防护服内的混合气体通过所述进气口进入所述气体循环装置；
    气体循环泵，与所述进气口连接，用于驱动循环所述混合气体；以及
    出气口，与所述防护服内联通，所述混合气体通过所述出气口进入所述防护服。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能穿戴装备，其中，
    所述出气口距所述纯氧气源的距离大于所述进气口距所述纯氧气源的距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：
    二氧化碳浓度传感器，被布置在所述头盔内并与所述控制器电连接，用于感测防护服内混合气体中的二氧化碳浓度，并产生指示二氧化碳浓度的信号；
    其中，所述气体循环装置还包括过滤器，与所述进气口连接；
    所述控制器用于从所述二氧化碳浓度传感器获取所述指示二氧化碳浓度的信号，并根据所述指示二氧化碳浓度的信号，控制所述过滤器过滤所述混合气体中的二氧化碳。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：
    温度传感器，被布置在所述内部空间中并与所述控制器电连接，用于感测所述内部空间中所述混合气体的温度并产生指示温度的信号；
    其中，所述气体循环装置还包括散热器；
    所述控制器用于从所述温度传感器获取所述指示温度的信号，并根据所述指示温度的信号，控制所述散热器调节所述内部空间中所述混合气体的温度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的智能穿戴装备，其中，所述散热器包括百叶窗和风扇，所述百叶窗包括开度器，所述开度器与所述控制器电连接，以及所述风扇与所述控制器电连接；
    所述控制器用于根据所述混合气体的温度与第一预设温度之间的比较，控制所述开度器以控制所述百叶窗的开度大小，并控制所述风扇开启或关闭。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的智能穿戴装备，其中，所述散热器还包括热交换器，所述热交换器包括冷却装置，所述冷却装置与所述控制器电连接；
    所述控制器用于根据所述混合气体的温度与第二预设温度之间的比较，控制所述冷却装置调节所述混合气体的温度，所述第二预设温度大于所述第一预设温度；
    所述冷却装置包括半导体制冷片或微型冷却泵。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：
    湿度传感器，被布置在所述内部空间中并与所述控制器电连接，用于感测所述内部空间中所述混合气体的湿度并产生指示湿度的信号；
    其中，所述气体循环装置还包括除湿器，所述除湿器与所述出气口连接；
    所述控制器用于从所述湿度传感器获取所述指示湿度的信号，并根据所述指示湿度的信号，控制所述除湿器调节所述内部空间中所述混合气体的湿度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的智能穿戴装备，所述除湿器包括水汽分离器、水汽旁路管道和水汽分离阀门；
    所述水汽分离阀门的电控端与所述控制器电连接；
    所述控制器用于根据所述混合气体的湿度，选择水汽分离器或水汽旁路管道连接至所述出气口，来调节所述内部空间中所述混合气体的湿度。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：
    泄压阀，布置在所述防护服上，用于将所述防护服的内部空间与外部环境联通。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，其中，所述纯氧气源是压缩氧气瓶或化学氧生成器，和/或所述氮气提供源是压缩空气瓶或压缩氮气瓶。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，其中，所述头盔的顶部为抗冲击材料内衬缓冲材料，面部为隔热、隔音透明的抗冲击材料，其他部分为抗冲击材料、内衬隔热、隔音材料；且所述头盔内设有无线通信装置和照明装置。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：
    手套和胶靴，其中所述手套和胶靴与所述防护服是隔绝的。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的智能穿戴装备，所述手套具有与触摸显示屏交互的能力，和/或所述胶靴具有防砸、防水和绝缘能力；以及
    所述手套和胶靴内设有与所述气体循环装置联通的散热管道。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：
    投药装置，与所述纯氧气源连接；
    旁路管道，与所述纯氧气源连接；
    旁路选择阀门，所述旁路选择阀门一端与所述投药装置和所述旁路管道连接，另一端连接至所述氧气阀，并与所述控制器电连接；
    所述控制器用于选择所述投药装置或所述旁路管道连接至所述氧气阀，以将清理肺部的药物提供至所述头盔。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，还包括：背包；
    其中，所述背包与所述防护服连接，所述纯氧气源、所述氧气阀、所述氮气提供源、所述空气阀、所述控制器、所述气体循环装置、所述投药装置、所述旁路选择阀门、所述旁路管道被布置在所述背包中。
  16. 一种保护有需要个体的方法，包括：
    使所述有需要个体穿戴根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的智能穿戴装备，以使所述有需要个体在所述智能穿戴装备中是密封的，且所述智能穿戴装备中的气体是流动的，其中所述有需要个体处于吸入有害物质的风险。
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