WO2021142947A1 - 天线阵列的去耦方法及具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列 - Google Patents

天线阵列的去耦方法及具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021142947A1
WO2021142947A1 PCT/CN2020/082461 CN2020082461W WO2021142947A1 WO 2021142947 A1 WO2021142947 A1 WO 2021142947A1 CN 2020082461 W CN2020082461 W CN 2020082461W WO 2021142947 A1 WO2021142947 A1 WO 2021142947A1
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super
surface coating
antenna
antenna array
coating
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PCT/CN2020/082461
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵鲁豫
刘锋
宋波
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西安朗普达通信科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021142947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021142947A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically relates to a decoupling method of an antenna array and an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure. It is especially suitable for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to improve the gap between the antenna elements in the antenna array. Inter-coupling performance improves the isolation between units.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MIMO Multiple input multiple output
  • MIMO technology refers to the simultaneous use of multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end, so that signals are transmitted and received through multiple antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end. Therefore, the MIMO technology can realize high-speed and large-capacity data transmission without additional communication frequency bands and transmission power, and significantly improve system data throughput and channel capacity.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antenna plays a vital role because the characteristics of the antenna are inherently contained in the communication channel between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • MIMO technology is based on antenna arrays.
  • massive MIMO technology will become the core of 5G systems, and compact and dense arrays will promote this process.
  • space constraints as the number of antennas increases, the distance between antenna units is relatively small, resulting in strong mutual coupling between the units.
  • the greater the number of antenna elements the stronger the coupling between the elements, which will lead to:
  • the patent with the publication number CN 110416726 A discloses a multi-frequency decoupling network structure and a multi-frequency array antenna.
  • the multi-frequency decoupling network structure includes at least two decoupling network layers, wherein each decoupling network layer is used for Eliminate the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna elements of the corresponding one of the multiple working frequency bands of the multi-frequency array antenna; the above-mentioned at least two decoupling network layers are stacked in a layered manner, and a plurality of the antenna elements are arranged in the One side of the ground plate of the multi-frequency array antenna, and the multi-frequency decoupling network structure is arranged on the other side of the ground plate of the multi-frequency array antenna.
  • the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna elements of each working frequency band is effectively eliminated.
  • the provision of decoupling components in the antenna will increase the complexity of the antenna design on the one hand, and increase the overall size of the antenna
  • a metasurface refers to a two-dimensional array plane composed of artificial layered materials with a thickness less than the wavelength, which is composed of metamaterial structural units formed by periodic or non-periodical arrangement of units with specific geometric shapes.
  • the metasurface can realize flexible and effective control of electromagnetic wave polarization, amplitude, phase, polarization mode, propagation mode and other characteristics.
  • the patent publication number CN 106099342 A discloses a dual-frequency phased array antenna with a metamaterial coating, including a coating structure and an antenna array.
  • the coating structure is composed of M ⁇ N rectangular mushroom-shaped coatings arranged periodically.
  • the antenna array is composed of periodically arranged slot-coupled antennas.
  • the number of slot-coupled antennas is the same as the number of rectangular mushroom-shaped claddings, and each slot-coupled antenna is located under the vertical direction of each rectangular mushroom-shaped cladding. It solves the problem that the traditional phased array antenna cannot achieve high gain and large-angle scanning at the same time in two frequency bands.
  • the antenna can realize multi-frequency operation and low-frequency to high-frequency scanning compensation, which greatly improves the scanning angle. There is almost no scanning blind area in the array direction.
  • the present invention proposes a decoupling method for an antenna array and an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure.
  • a decoupling method for an antenna array and an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure By setting a super-surface coating layer above the antenna array and adjusting the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating layer, The decoupling design between the antenna elements is realized, the coupling performance between the antenna elements in the antenna array is improved, and the isolation between the elements is improved.
  • a decoupling method for an antenna array includes:
  • a super-surface coating layer is provided above the antenna array, and the super-surface coating layer covers the top of the antenna array;
  • the dielectric constant of the super-surface coating is adjusted by adjusting the size and spacing of the unit structure of the super-surface coating.
  • the height of the super-surface coating and the array antenna is also adjusted.
  • the super-surface coating includes a dielectric substrate and a unit structure arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the unit structure is periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate.
  • the super-surface coating layer adopts a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure includes covering a lower super-surface coating layer with at least one upper super-surface coating layer, and the upper super-surface coating layer includes a second medium.
  • the substrate and the second unit structure arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the upper super-surface coating is supported by the dielectric support column and covers the lower super-surface coating.
  • step S02 when the coupling between antenna elements is eliminated in step S02, the size and spacing of the unit structure of each super-surface coating layer, the height of the bottom coating layer and the array antenna, and the height of each super-surface coating layer are adjusted. The height between layers.
  • the invention also discloses an antenna array with a novel decoupling structure.
  • a super-surface coating is arranged above the antenna array.
  • the super-surface coating is supported by a dielectric support column and covers the antenna array.
  • the layer includes a dielectric substrate and a unit structure arranged on the dielectric substrate. The unit structure is used to adjust the dielectric constant, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the super-surface coating is 15-45.
  • the super-surface coating is used to eliminate coupling between antenna elements.
  • the unit structure is periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate.
  • the lower supersurface coating is covered with at least one upper supersurface coating
  • the upper supersurface includes a second dielectric substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the upper layer
  • the super-surface coating is supported by the dielectric support column and covers the upper super-surface coating of the lower layer.
  • the decoupling design between the antenna elements can be realized, and the coupling performance between the antenna elements in the antenna array can be improved.
  • the isolation between the units is especially suitable for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • the method for decoupling using a super-surface coating disclosed in the present invention is theoretically applicable to an antenna array of any frequency band composed of any linear polarization, dual polarization and circular polarization antenna elements.
  • the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna array can also be improved.
  • the coupling between the elements of the antenna array can be effectively reduced to below 20 or 25 decibels, thereby increasing the radiation efficiency of the antenna elements by more than 10%.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two linearly polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of three linearly polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two dual-line polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two circularly polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of four antenna elements loaded with two super-surface cladding layers in the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements without a super-surface cladding layer according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating layer according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements without super-surface coating in an example of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of typical scattering parameters of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements without a super-surface coating in an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of typical scattering parameters of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in an example of the present invention
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of scattering parameters of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements that are not loaded with a super-surface coating in an example of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of scattering parameters of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating in an example of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the gain of an antenna array composed of two antenna elements with and without a super-surface coating in an example of the present invention.
  • An antenna array with a novel decoupling structure A super-surface coating is arranged above the antenna array.
  • the super-surface coating is supported by a dielectric support column and covers the antenna array.
  • the super-surface coating includes a dielectric substrate and is arranged on the dielectric substrate The unit structure is used to adjust the dielectric constant, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the super-surface coating is 15-45, which can eliminate the coupling between antenna elements within this range.
  • the existence of the super-surface coating with high dielectric constant can introduce a new coupling path.
  • the new coupling path can be made on the appropriate amplitude and phase.
  • the transmitted wave and the original coupling wave between the antenna unit cancel each other out, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing coupling.
  • Two conditions need to be met to cancel each other:
  • phase difference between the coupled wave and the reflected wave is 180 degrees.
  • the unit structure can be periodically or non-periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate, and is generally periodically arranged on the dielectric substrate.
  • the unit structure can adopt different forms to adapt to the actual antenna system requirements, and can adopt split resonant rings, short metal wires, etc. According to actual requirements, dielectric substrates with different thicknesses and dielectric constants can be used for the dielectric substrate.
  • the super-surface cladding layer can adopt a multi-layer structure to adapt to different antenna array structures.
  • the multi-layer structure includes at least one upper super-surface coating on the lower super-surface coating, the upper super-surface comprising a second dielectric substrate and a second unit structure arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the upper super-surface
  • the cladding layer is supported by the dielectric support column and covers the upper supersurface cladding layer.
  • a decoupling method for an antenna array includes:
  • the height of the metasurface cladding and the array antenna is also adjusted.
  • the super-surface coating adopts a multi-layer structure, in eliminating the coupling between antenna elements, adjust the size and spacing of the unit structure of each super-surface coating, the height of the bottom coating and the array antenna, and each super-surface The height between the cladding layers.
  • the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna array can also be improved.
  • Figure 1 is a linear array MIMO antenna system composed of two linearly polarized antenna elements loaded with a super-surface coating.
  • 101 are two linearly polarized antenna units with very close distances.
  • a super-surface coating composed of a dielectric substrate 102 and a unit structure 103 is loaded above the two antennas.
  • the size and spacing of the unit structure of the super-surface coating and the coating layer Adjust the height of the array antenna so that:
  • the coupling coefficient between the elements of the antenna system loaded with a super-surface coating is close to 0, and S21 is less than -20dB;
  • the coupling performance improvement method proposed by the present invention is not only limited to two linear polarized antenna element linear arrays, but also applicable to the three linear polarized antenna element linear arrays shown in FIG. 2 and the two dual linear polarized antenna elements shown in FIG. 3 Antenna elements, the linear array of two circularly polarized antenna elements shown in Fig. 4 and the four-element antenna array shown in Fig. 5.
  • a super-surface coating layer composed of a dielectric substrate 202 and a unit structure 203 is loaded.
  • the unit structure 203 is a short metal wire, and below the coating layer are three linearly polarized antenna units 201 that are close together, as shown in FIG.
  • a super-surface cladding layer composed of a dielectric substrate 302 and a unit structure 303 is loaded.
  • the unit structure 303 is a short metal wire crossed, and under the cladding are two two dual-line polarized antenna units that are very close together.
  • a super-surface cladding layer composed of a dielectric substrate 402 and a unit structure 403 is loaded.
  • the unit structure 403 is an open resonant ring.
  • Below the cladding layer are two circularly polarized antenna units that are close together.
  • Two super-surface coatings are loaded, including a bottom super-surface coating and an upper super-surface coating.
  • the bottom super-surface coating is composed of a dielectric substrate 502 and a unit structure
  • the upper super-surface coating is composed of a dielectric substrate 503 and a unit structure 504. It consists of a four-element antenna array 501 under the cladding.
  • FIG. 6 An example of a two-element linearly polarized antenna array is shown in Figure 6.
  • 601 is a microstrip dipole unit, and its dielectric substrate is 602.
  • 701 is a microstrip dipole unit, and its dielectric substrate is 702.
  • a super-surface coating is loaded above the antenna, of which 703 is the unit structure of the loaded super-surface coating.
  • the unit structure 703 adopts a double-layer structure.
  • a dielectric layer 704 is filled between the upper and lower unit structures and passes through a dielectric support column 705. Load the metasurface cladding layer on top of the antenna array.
  • Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 respectively show the electric field distribution before and after loading the super-surface coating. It can be seen from the figure that after loading the super-surface cladding, more electric fields are concentrated on the super-surface cladding above the antenna instead of being coupled to the antenna unit next to it.
  • Figure 10 shows the typical scattering parameters of a linear array MIMO antenna system composed of two antenna elements without super-surface coating. It can be seen that although the reflection coefficient S11 of the antenna is less than -15dB in the required frequency band, both The coupling coefficient between the units is close to -10dB in the two required frequency bands. After loading the super-surface coating, as shown in Figure 11, the coupling coefficient between the two antennas is reduced to less than -25dB in the two required frequency bands.
  • the two-element antenna array shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 works at 14 GHz.
  • the metasurface coating When the metasurface coating is not loaded, its scattering parameters are shown in Figure 12. It can be seen that in the 13.75GHz to 14.25GHz frequency band, the reflection coefficient S11 is less than -15dB, while the coupling coefficient S21 is close to -10dB.
  • the scattering parameters are shown in Figure 13. It can be seen that after loading the super-surface coating, the frequency range from 13.75GHz to 14.25GHz is still well matched. The coupling coefficient S21 between the two units is reduced to less than -25dB.
  • the gain of the antenna loaded with the super-surface coating is also significantly improved. As shown in Fig. 14, after the super-surface coating is loaded, the gain of the antenna unit is increased by nearly 2dB.
  • the method for improving coupling performance disclosed in the present invention can be well applied in a MIMO communication system.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层，所述超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于天线阵列上方，所述超表面覆层包括介质基板和设置于介质基板的单元结构，所述单元结构用于调节介电常数，所述超表面覆层的等效介电常数为15-45。通过调节超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距调节超表面覆层的介电常数，通过调节超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距，及超表面覆层与阵列天线的高度，消除天线单元间的耦合。天线阵列各单元之间的耦合能够有效降低到20或25分贝以下，从而将天线单元的辐射效率提高10％以上。

Description

天线阵列的去耦方法及具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信技术领域，具体地涉及一种天线阵列的去耦方法及具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，尤其适用于多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中，改善天线阵列中各天线单元之间耦合性能，提高单元之间的隔离度。
背景技术
随着移动通信系统的快速发展，射频频谱资源日益短缺，如何提供更高质量、更快速的通信服务成为第五代移动通信系统(5G)中的研究热点。在此背景下，已经提出许久的多输入多输出(MIMO)通信技术成为了5G系统中的关键技术。
多输入多输出(MIMO)技术是指在发射端和接收端同时使用多个发射天线和接收天线，使信号通过发射端和接收端的多个天线发射和接收。因此，多输入多输出技术能够在不额外增加通信频带和发射功率的情况下，实现高速、大容量的数据传输，显著的提高系统数据吞吐率和信道容量。在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中，天线起着至关重要的作用，因为天线的特征固有地包含在发射器和接收器之间的通信信道中。
MIMO技术是基于天线阵列而言的，随着对信道容量需求的不断增长，大规模MIMO技术将会成为5G系统的核心，并且紧凑密集的阵列将促进这一进程。然而，无论是5G基站，或是移动终端中，由于空间限制，随着天线数量的增加，天线单元之间的间距相对较小，造成单元之间会形成强烈的互相耦合。在特定的空间内，天线单元数量越多，单元之间的耦合更强，会导致：
(1)空间相关性的增加；
(2)辐射效率的降低；
(3)单元增益的下降；
(4)信噪比的恶化；
(5)信道容量的减小。
综上所述，在有限的空间内，在MIMO系统中如何有效的减小天线单 元之间的耦合，提高单元之间的隔离度，并保证原天线的辐射性能，成为了业界研究的热点。
现有的天线阵列的去耦方法通常采用去耦网络的方法来降低耦合对阵列天线的影响。公告号为CN 110416726 A的专利公开了一种多频去耦网络结构及多频阵列天线，多频去耦网络结构包括至少两个去耦网络层，其中，每一去耦网络层分别用于消除上述多频阵列天线的多个工作频段中相应一个工作频段的天线阵元之间的电磁耦合；上述至少两个去耦网络层以层叠方式堆叠，多个所述天线阵元设置于所述多频阵列天线接地板的一侧，所述多频去耦网络结构设置于所述多频阵列天线接地板的另一侧。实现了对每一工作频段的天线阵元之间的电磁耦合进行有效消除。但是，在天线中设置去耦组件一方面会增加天线设计的复杂度，另一方面还会增加天线的整体尺寸。
超表面是指一种厚度小于波长的人工层状材料组成的二维阵列平面，由具有特定几何形状的单元周期性或非周期性地排列所构成的超材料结构单元组成。超表面可实现对电磁波偏振、振幅、相位、极化方式、传播模式等特性的灵活有效调控。例如公告号为CN 106099342 A的专利公开了一种超材料覆层双频相控阵列天线，包括覆层结构及天线阵列，覆层结构由M×N个周期排列的矩形蘑菇型覆层组成，天线阵列由周期排列的缝隙耦合天线组成，缝隙耦合天线的个数与矩形蘑菇型覆层的个数相同，每个缝隙耦合天线位于每个矩形蘑菇型覆层的垂直方向下方。解决了传统相控阵列天线在两个频段内无法同时实现较高的增益及不能实现大角度扫描的问题，天线可以实现多频段工作、低频对高频扫描补偿，使得扫描角度大大提升，在布阵方向上几乎没有扫描盲区。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种天线阵列的去耦方法及具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，通过在天线阵列上方设置超表面覆层，调节超表面覆层的介电常数，可以实现天线单元之间的去耦设计，改善天线阵列中各天线单元之间耦合性能，提高单元之间的隔离度。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种天线阵列的去耦方法，包括：
S01：在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层，所述超表面覆层覆盖于天线阵列上方；
S02：通过调节超表面覆层的介电常数，消除天线单元间的耦合。
优选的技术方案中，所述步骤S02中，通过调节超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距调节超表面覆层的介电常数。
优选的技术方案中，所述步骤S02中消除天线单元间的耦合时，还调节超表面覆层与阵列天线的高度。
优选的技术方案中，所述超表面覆层包括介质基板和设置于介质基板的单元结构，所述单元结构周期性排列于介质基板。
优选的技术方案中，所述超表面覆层采用多层结构，所述多层结构包括在下层超表面覆层上覆盖有至少一层上层超表面覆层，所述上层超表面包括第二介质基板和设置于第二介质基板的第二单元结构；所述上层超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于下层超表面覆层上方。
优选的技术方案中，所述步骤S02中消除天线单元间的耦合时，调整每一层超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距，底层覆层与阵列天线的高度，每一层超表面覆层间的高度。
本发明还公开了一种具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层，所述超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于天线阵列上方，所述超表面覆层包括介质基板和设置于介质基板的单元结构，所述单元结构用于调节介电常数，所述超表面覆层的等效介电常数为15-45。
优选的技术方案中，所述超表面覆层用于消除天线单元间的耦合。
优选的技术方案中，所述单元结构周期性排列于介质基板。
优选的技术方案中，在下层超表面覆层上覆盖有至少一层上层超表面覆层，所述上层超表面包括第二介质基板和设置于第二介质基板的第二单元结构；所述上层超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于下层超表面覆层上方。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明的通过在天线阵列上方设置超表面覆层，调节超表面覆层的介电常数，可以实现天线单元之间的去耦设计，改善天线阵列中各天线单元之间耦合性能，提高单元之间的隔离度，尤其适用于多输入多输出(MIMO)系统。本发明所公开的采用超表面覆层去耦的方法，理论上适用于任意线极 化、双极化及圆极化天线单元组成的任意频段的天线阵列。
2、在消除天线阵列中各天线单元之间的耦合时，还能提高天线阵列的增益和辐射效率。天线阵列各单元之间的耦合能够有效降低到20或25分贝以下，从而将天线单元的辐射效率提高10％以上。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
图1为本发明中一种加载一层超表面覆层的两个线极化天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中一种加载一层超表面覆层的三个线极化天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中一种加载一层超表面覆层的两个双线极化天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图4为本发明中一种加载一层超表面覆层的两个圆极化天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图5为本发明中一种加载两层超表面覆层的四天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图6为本发明未加载超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图7为本发明加载一层超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实例中未加载超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的电场分布示意图；
图9为本发明实例中加载一层超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的电场分布示意图；
图10为本发明实例中未加载超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的典型散射参数示意图；
图11为本发明实例中加载一层超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的典型散射参数示意图；
图12为本发明实例中未加载超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列 的散射参数示意图；
图13为本发明实例中加载一层超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的散射参数示意图；
图14为本发明实例中加载以及不加载一层超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的天线阵列的增益示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面结合具体实施方式并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本发明的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。
实施例
一种具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层，超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于天线阵列上方，超表面覆层包括介质基板和设置于介质基板的单元结构，单元结构用于调节介电常数，超表面覆层的等效介电常数为15-45，在此范围内均可以起到消除天线单元间耦合的作用。
高介电常数的超表面覆层的存在可以引入一个新的耦合路径，通过调节该超表面覆层的介电常数及其尺寸，可以在适当的幅度和相位下，使得这个新的耦合路径上传输的波与天线单元之间原有的耦合波相互抵消，进而达到减小耦合的目的。相互抵消需要满足两个条件：
(1)耦合波与反射波的幅度相等；
(2)耦合波与反射波的相位相差180度。
单元结构可以周期性或非周期性地排列于介质基板上，一般为周期性排列于介质基板上。单元结构可采用不同的形式，以适应实际天线系统需求，可以采用开口谐振环、金属短线等。介质基板根据实际情况需求，可以采用不同的厚度、不同的介电常数的介质基板。
超表面覆层可以采用多层结构，以适应于不同的天线阵列结构。多层结构包括在下层超表面覆层上覆盖有至少一层上层超表面覆层，所述上层超表面包括第二介质基板和设置于第二介质基板的第二单元结构；所述上层超表 面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于下层超表面覆层上方。
一种天线阵列的去耦方法，包括：
S01：在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层；
S02：通过调节超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距调节超表面覆层的介电常数，消除天线单元间的耦合。
在消除天线单元间的耦合时，还调节超表面覆层与阵列天线的高度。
当超表面覆层采用多层结构时，在消除天线单元间的耦合中，调整每一层超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距，底层覆层与阵列天线的高度，每一层超表面覆层间的高度。
在消除天线阵列中各天线单元之间的耦合时，还能提高天线阵列的增益和辐射效率。
图1是一个加载一层超表面覆层的两个线极化天线单元组成的线阵MIMO天线系统。101为两个距离很近的线极化天线单元，在两天线上方加载由介质基板102和单元结构103组成的超表面覆层，通过对超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距以及覆层与阵列天线的高度进行调整，使得：
(1)加载超表面覆层的天线系统的单元之间的耦合系数接近为0，S21小于-20dB；
(2)加载超表面覆层的天线系统的各天线单元增益较不加载超表面覆层的天线系统的各天线单元增益提高。
本发明提出的耦合性能改善方法不仅仅限于两个线极化天线单元线阵，同样也适用于图2所示的三个线极化天线单元线阵，图3所示的两个双线极化天线单元，图4所示的两个圆极化天线单元线阵以及图5所示的四单元天线面阵。其中，图2中采用加载一层由介质基板202和单元结构203组成的超表面覆层，单元结构203为金属短线，覆层下方为3个距离很近的线极化天线单元201，图3中采用加载一层由介质基板302和单元结构303组成的超表面覆层的，单元结构303为交叉的金属短线，覆层下方为2个距离很近的两个双线极化天线单元，图4中采用加载一层由介质基板402和单元结构403组成的超表面覆层，单元结构403为开口谐振环，覆层下方为2个距离很近的两个圆极化天线单元，而图5中采用加载两层超表面覆层，包括底层超表面覆层和上层超表面覆层，底层超表面覆层由介质基板502和单元结构 组成，上层超表面覆层由介质基板503和单元结构504组成，覆层下方为四单元天线面阵501。
一个两单元线极化天线线阵实例如图6所示。在图6中，601为一个微带偶极子单元，其介质基板为602。
在图7中，701为一个微带偶极子单元，其介质基板为702。在天线上方进行了超表面覆层加载，其中703为加载的超表面覆层的单元结构，该单元结构703采用双层结构，在上下单元结构之间填充介质层704，并通过介质支撑柱705将超表面覆层加载于天线阵列上方。
为了说明本发明的工作机理，图8和图9分别展示了加载超表面覆层前后的电场分布情况。从图中可以看出，加载超表面覆层后，更多的电场汇聚于天线上方的超表面覆层上，而不是耦合到旁边的天线单元上。
图10示出的是未加载超表面覆层的两天线单元组成的线阵MIMO天线系统典型的散射参数，可以看到，虽然天线的反射系数S11在所需频段内都小于-15dB，但两单元之间的耦合系数，在两个所需频段内都接近-10dB。而在加载超表面覆层后，如图11所示，两天线之间的耦合系数在两个所需频段内都被降低到低于-25dB。
下面以一个两线极化单元天线阵列作为具体例子来说明，如图6和图7所示的两单元天线阵列，工作在14GHz，当未加载超表面覆层时，其散射参数如图12所示，可以看到，在13.75GHz至14.25GHz频段中，反射系数S11小于-15dB，而耦合系数S21却接近-10dB。加载由703和704组成的超表面覆层后，其散射参数如图13所示，可以看到，加载超表面覆层后，在13.75GHz至14.25GHz频段仍然匹配良好的前提下，频段内的两单元之间的耦合系数S21被降低至小于-25dB。
除了散射参数的改善，加载超表面覆层的天线的增益也明显提高，如图14所示，加载超表面覆层之后，天线单元的增益提高接近2dB。
本发明公开的改善耦合性能的方法能够很好的应用在MIMO通信系统中。
应当理解的是，本发明的上述具体实施方式仅仅用于示例性说明或解释本发明的原理，而不构成对本发明的限制。因此，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保 护范围之内。此外，本发明所附权利要求旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求范围和边界、或者这种范围和边界的等同形式内的全部变化和修改例。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线阵列的去耦方法，其特征在于，包括：
    S01：在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层，所述超表面覆层覆盖于天线阵列上方；
    S02：通过调节超表面覆层的介电常数，消除天线单元间的耦合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列的去耦方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S02中，通过调节超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距调节超表面覆层的介电常数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列的去耦方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S02中消除天线单元间的耦合时，还调节超表面覆层与阵列天线的高度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列的去耦方法，其特征在于，所述超表面覆层包括介质基板和设置于介质基板的单元结构，所述单元结构周期性排列于介质基板。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线阵列的去耦方法，其特征在于，所述超表面覆层采用多层结构，所述多层结构包括在下层超表面覆层上覆盖有至少一层上层超表面覆层，所述上层超表面包括第二介质基板和设置于第二介质基板的第二单元结构；所述上层超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于下层超表面覆层上方。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线阵列的去耦方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S02中消除天线单元间的耦合时，调整每一层超表面覆层的单元结构的尺寸和间距，底层覆层与阵列天线的高度，每一层超表面覆层间的高度。
  7. 一种具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，其特征在于，在天线阵列上方设置有超表面覆层，所述超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于天线阵列上方，所述超表面覆层包括介质基板和设置于介质基板的单元结构，所述单元结构用于调节介电常数，所述超表面覆层的等效介电常数为15-45。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述超表面覆层用于消除天线单元间的耦合。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述单元结构周期性排列于介质基板。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的具有新型去耦结构的天线阵列，其特征在于，在下层超表面覆层上覆盖有至少一层上层超表面覆层，所述上层超表面包括 第二介质基板和设置于第二介质基板的第二单元结构；所述上层超表面覆层通过介质支撑柱支撑，覆盖于下层超表面覆层上方。
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