WO2021142632A1 - Procédé de détermination de temps de transmission, procédé d'évaluation d'état de liaison, dispositif informatique et support - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination de temps de transmission, procédé d'évaluation d'état de liaison, dispositif informatique et support Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021142632A1
WO2021142632A1 PCT/CN2020/072080 CN2020072080W WO2021142632A1 WO 2021142632 A1 WO2021142632 A1 WO 2021142632A1 CN 2020072080 W CN2020072080 W CN 2020072080W WO 2021142632 A1 WO2021142632 A1 WO 2021142632A1
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node
data packet
time
data
transmission time
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PCT/CN2020/072080
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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张海涛
于禾
周文晶
王琪
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西门子股份公司
西门子（中国）有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/072080 priority Critical patent/WO2021142632A1/fr
Publication of WO2021142632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021142632A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of the Internet of Things, and more specifically, to a transmission time determination method, a link state evaluation method, a computing device, and a medium.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a basic architecture 100 of an IOT application.
  • the architecture includes a field device 102, an edge controller 104, and a cloud platform 106.
  • the field device 102 performs field operations to generate field data;
  • the edge controller 104 responds to the collected field data, translates the data, and sends the data to the cloud platform 106; on the cloud platform 106, the data is analyzed and visualized.
  • the route from the edge device to the cloud platform is selected through the router or gateway of the Internet. If the path is overloaded, the transmission delay from the edge device to the cloud will be relatively large, so data may be lost in the process of data transmission from the edge device to the cloud platform.
  • the data sent on the edge device side can be adjusted to avoid data loss or reduce the transmission delay, such as reducing the amount of data and increasing the transmission gap.
  • the traditional routing algorithm can calculate the transmission cost through hops or weighted hops to select the corresponding path, there is no way to obtain the transmission cost except for the routing algorithm.
  • the present disclosure proposes a method for automatically calculating the data transmission time between two nodes, which uses the existing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) transmission mechanism to expand the transmitted data packet,
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • a method for determining data transmission time wherein the data transmission is based on a transmission control protocol and includes: a first sending step: a first node sends a data packet to a second node, and the first node records The first moment when the second node sends the data packet; the first receiving step: the first node receives the confirmation data packet from the second node, and records the receipt of the confirmation data from the second node The second moment of the packet, wherein the received confirmation data packet includes the processing time for the second node to process the data packet; and the step of determining the transmission time: the first node is based at least on the first moment, The second time and the processing time determine the data transmission time from the first node to the second node.
  • the step of determining the transmission time includes: determining the transmission time from the first node to the first node based on the first time, the second time, the processing time, and the load information. The data transmission time of the second node.
  • the data packet is a TCP keep-alive data packet
  • the confirmation data packet is a TCP keep-alive confirmation data packet
  • the first node is an edge device
  • the second node is a cloud platform
  • a method for determining data transmission time is provided, the data transmission is based on a transmission control protocol, and includes: a second receiving step: a second node receives a data packet sent from a first node, and records The third time when the data packet is received; the processing step: the second node processes the data packet; and the second sending step: the second node sends a confirmation data packet, and records the sending of the confirmation data
  • the confirmation data packet includes the processing time for the second node to process the data packet, where the processing time is the elapsed time from the third time to the fourth time.
  • the confirmation data packet further includes load information of the second node.
  • a link state evaluation method which includes: a first node and a second node respectively repeatedly execute the above-mentioned method for determining data transmission time to determine the first node and the second node. Multiple data transmission times of the link between the two nodes; and evaluating the state of the link based on the multiple data transmission times.
  • a link state evaluation method which includes: a transmission time calculation step: for each of a plurality of links between a node and a plurality of other nodes, repeat the above The method for determining the data transmission time is to calculate multiple data transmission times for each link; the storage step: store multiple data transmission times for each link; and the state assessment step: when the node is to be in the multiple When data transmission is performed on one of the links, the status of the link is evaluated based on the stored data transmission time of the link.
  • the transmission time calculation step further includes: constructing multiple data packets of different predetermined sizes, and for each link, calculating and transmitting each data packet of the predetermined size.
  • the storing step further includes: storing a plurality of data transmission times corresponding to each data packet of a predetermined size transmitted on each link.
  • a computing device including: at least one processor; and a memory coupled with the at least one processor, the memory is used to store instructions, when the instructions are used by the at least one When the processor executes, the processor is caused to execute the method as described above.
  • a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium which stores executable instructions that, when executed, cause the machine to perform the method as described above.
  • a computer program including computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to perform the method as described above.
  • a computer program product that is tangibly stored on a computer-readable medium and includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause at least A processor executes the method described above.
  • the transmission time determination method and the link state evaluation method according to the present disclosure can use the existing TCP transmission mechanism to automatically calculate the data transmission time between two nodes, and the link state can be evaluated in real time based on the data transmission time.
  • the link is overloaded, the amount of data sent can be reduced, or the transmission gap can be increased, so as to avoid data loss or reduce transmission delay.
  • the method according to the present disclosure uses the existing TCP transmission mechanism, so as long as there is a TCP connection, the method according to the present disclosure can be used, and only minor modifications to the confirmation data packet are required, so the existing transmission system has little impact.
  • TCP connections use the TCP keep-alive mechanism to check whether the connection is active.
  • the method according to the present disclosure can use the existing TCP keep-alive mechanism to calculate the transmission time, and automatically measure the transmission time in real time without the need to transmit more data packets.
  • TCP keep-alive packets are periodically sent between the two ends of a TCP connection. Therefore, the data transmission time can be obtained periodically by the method according to the present disclosure, so that the status of the link can be evaluated in real time. It is also possible to set the sending interval of TCP keep-active data packets according to the needs of the application, that is, to set the measurement period of the transmission time, so as to further ensure the real-time and accuracy of the assessment of the link status.
  • the size of the TCP keep-alive data packet can be set to be the same as the data packet size used by the application data to ensure the calculated data transmission time More precise.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the basic architecture of the IOT application
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a method for determining a data transmission time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing data transmission between two nodes
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a data transmission time determination method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a link state evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a link state evaluation method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a first device for determining data transmission time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a second device for determining data transmission time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a computing device 900 that implements determining data transmission time or performing link state evaluation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Edge controller 106 Cloud platform
  • Tsend TCP keeps active data packet transmission
  • Tack TCP keeps alive and confirms data packet transmission T1: the first moment
  • T2 second moment Tp2: second node processing time
  • Tp1 first node processing time Tr: third moment
  • Type of production line 400 Method for determining data transmission time
  • Transmission time determination unit 800 Second device
  • Second receiving unit 804 Processing unit
  • Second sending unit 900 Computing equipment
  • the term “including” and its variations mean open terms, meaning “including but not limited to”.
  • the term “based on” means “based at least in part on.”
  • the terms “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” mean “at least one embodiment.”
  • the term “another embodiment” means “at least one other embodiment.”
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may refer to different or the same objects. Other definitions can be included below, whether explicit or implicit. Unless clearly indicated in the context, the definition of a term is consistent throughout the specification.
  • a method for automatically calculating the data transmission time between two nodes which uses the existing Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) transmission mechanism to perform data packet transmission
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • the transmission time can be calculated flexibly.
  • OPC UA Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control Unified Architecture
  • http HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • https HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • cloud applications are also based on TCP connections.
  • OPC UA is used to send data from the edge device side to the cloud platform side.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a data transmission time determination method 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the exemplary process shown in FIG. 2 is a method for determining the data transmission time described from the side of the first node P1 that sends the data packet.
  • the first node P1 sends a data packet to the second node P2, and the first node P1 records the first time T1 at which the data packet is sent to the second node P2.
  • the first node and the second node may be, for example, an edge device and a cloud platform, respectively, or any two devices that perform data transmission.
  • the device types of the first node and the second node are not limited in the method of the present invention.
  • the data packet sent here may be a measurement data packet specifically used to measure the data transmission time, or a TCP keep-alive data packet in the TCP transmission may be used.
  • the TCP connection has the feature of keeping alive to check whether the link is active.
  • the mechanism of TCP keep alive is: one end of the TCP connection sends a TCP keep alive (TCP keep alive) packet to the other end, and then the other end sends back a TCP keep alive ACK packet to one end.
  • TCP keep alive TCP keep alive
  • the TCP keep-alive data packet can be used as a measurement data packet, and the transmission time can be calculated according to the corresponding parameters.
  • the specific parameters can be determined by the time measurement method.
  • the data packet sent is a TCP keep-alive data packet as an example for description.
  • TCP keep-alive data packet as an example for description.
  • other data packets can also be used as measurement data packets.
  • the first node P1 receives the confirmation data packet from the second node P2, and records the second time T2 when the confirmation data packet is received from the second node P2, wherein,
  • the received confirmation data packet includes the processing time Tp2 for the second node P2 to process the data packet.
  • the first node P1 sends a TCP keep-alive data packet to the second node P2, and it takes Tsend time.
  • the second node P2 receives the data packet and processes the received data packet within the time Tp2, and then It took Tack time to send a TCP keep-alive confirmation packet to the first node P1.
  • the first round-trip transmission time A T2-T1 of the keep-alive confirmation data packet.
  • the first round-trip transmission time A includes the transmission time Tsend of the TCP keep-alive data packet, the transmission time Tack of the TCP keep-alive acknowledgment data packet, and the processing time Tp2 of the second node P2, so the following equation (1) is given.
  • the size of the TCP keep-alive data packet and the TCP keep-alive confirmation data packet are basically the same, and the transmission time of the two data packets is generally within 1-2 minutes, it can be considered that the transmission link will not be large in a short time interval. The change.
  • Tsend is basically equal to Tack.
  • equation (1) can be transformed into:
  • Ttr is the data transmission time on the link from the first node P1 to the second node P2.
  • the first round-trip transmission time A T2-T1. Therefore, in block S106, the first time T1 when the first node P1 sends the data packet and the second time T2 when the confirmation data packet is received can be used, and the first The processing time Tp2 for the second node P2 to process the data packet determines the data transmission time from the first node P1 to the second node P2.
  • the second node P2 sends a TCP keep-alive data packet to the first node P1
  • the second node P2 receives a TCP keep-alive confirmation data packet from the first node P1.
  • Tp1 or Tp2 is also a factor that affects the transmission time in the round-trip transmission time A or B.
  • Tp1 or Tp2 is the time for processing TCP keep-alive data packets at node P1 or P2, respectively.
  • Tp1 and Tp2 can be measured separately in the corresponding nodes.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a data transmission time determination method 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the exemplary process shown in FIG. 4 is a method for determining the data transmission time described from the side of the second node P2 that receives the data packet.
  • the second node P2 receives the data packet sent from the first node P1, and records the third time Tr when the data packet is received.
  • the second node P2 processes the data packet.
  • the second node P2 sends a confirmation data packet, and records the fourth time Ts when the confirmation data packet is sent, and the confirmation data packet includes the processing time for the second node P2 to process the data packet ,
  • the standard TCP keep-alive data packet and TCP keep-alive confirmation data packet do not include any data.
  • the data packet in order to calculate the data transmission time, the data packet can be expanded.
  • the TCP keep-alive data packet does not need to be extended, while for the TCP keep-alive acknowledgment data packet, it can be expanded to include the data processing time of the node. That is, the second node P2 may pack the measured data processing time Tp2 of the second node in a TCP keep-alive confirmation data packet, and send it to the first node P1.
  • the processing time of the second node P2 to process the data packet can be obtained, so that the first node P1 can send out according to the first node P1
  • the first time T1 of the data packet and the second time T2 of receiving the confirmation data packet, and the data processing time of the second node P2 included in the received confirmation data packet determine the time from the first node P1 to the second node P2. Data transfer time.
  • the confirmation data packet sent from the second node P2 to the first node P1 may also include the load information of the second node P2.
  • the information obtained by analyzing the confirmation packet may include the node processing time Tp, the node's load information Ln, and so on. Therefore, the first node P1 will determine the data transmission time from the first node to the second node based on the load information in addition to the recorded first time, second time, and the processing time of the second node P2.
  • Equation (5) can be used to calculate the first data processing time Tp1 of the first node P1.
  • the first node is an edge device and the second node is a cloud platform, it is usually easy to know the data processing time of the cloud platform, and equation (5) can be used to calculate the data processing time of the edge device.
  • the link state may be evaluated based on the data transmission time Ttr. If Ttr is large, it means that it takes more time to transmit data on the link, which may be due to unstable or overloaded link.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a link state evaluation method 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • block S502 the method for determining data transmission time described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4 is repeatedly executed between two nodes to determine multiple data transmissions of the link between the two nodes in a period of time. time.
  • the state of the link is evaluated based on the plurality of data transmission times.
  • a transmission time sequence for a link within a period of time can be obtained, for example, Ttr1, Ttr2, Ttr3,... Ttrn. From the curve of the time data on the time axis, we can see whether the time data is stable, increasing or decreasing, so that we can know whether the corresponding link is stable, the load increases or the load decreases.
  • the node can choose an appropriate method to transmit data according to the state of the link. For example, in the case of link overload, the amount of data sent can be reduced, or the transmission gap can be increased, so as to avoid data loss or reduce transmission delay.
  • TCP is widely used in the network.
  • a node can use different TCP connections to connect to multiple different nodes.
  • For each link using a TCP connection multiple data transmission times can be calculated separately through the above methods.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of a link state evaluation method 600 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • multiple data transmission times of each link between a node and other nodes can be stored locally in the node.
  • the status of the link may be evaluated based on the stored data transmission time of the link .
  • a node can know the respective status of multiple links between it and multiple other nodes.
  • the node wants to transmit data on one of the multiple links, it can be based on the link Select the appropriate way to transfer data.
  • the data packet size is also a factor that affects the transmission time on the same link. This means that on the same link, the transmission time of a 100-byte data packet and the transmission time of a 500-byte data packet are different. Therefore, TCP keepalive data packets of different sizes can be formed respectively, such as 100 bytes in size, 500 bytes in size, and 1000 bytes in size.
  • the size of the TCP keep-alive confirmation packet corresponds to the size of the TCP keep-alive packet. Therefore, at both ends of a TCP connection, the TCP keep-alive packet and TCP keep-alive confirmation packet should be filled with random data to make the size equal to the corresponding size.
  • a variety of data packets of different predetermined sizes can be constructed, for example, three data packets of 100 bytes, 500 bytes and 1000 bytes can be constructed respectively, and each predetermined size is adopted for each link.
  • the size of the TCP keep-alive data packet can be set to be the same as the data packet size used by the data of the application according to the needs of the application program to transmit data, thereby ensuring that the calculated data transmission time is more accurate.
  • the data transmission time can be obtained periodically by the method according to the present disclosure, and the data transmission time of the stored link can also be periodically updated, so that the status of the link can be evaluated in real time based on the data transmission time of the link.
  • the connection between the edge device and the cloud is an Internet link based on TCP.
  • Most data transmission from edge devices to the cloud is based on TCP, such as OPC UA protocol, https protocol and so on. Therefore, the above method can be used to calculate the transmission time of the link from the edge device to the cloud.
  • the edge device can evaluate the link status in real time and send data in the corresponding format. For example, when the link is overloaded, it can reduce the amount of data sent, or increase the transmission gap, so as to avoid data loss or can Reduce transmission delay.
  • the transmission time determination method and the link state evaluation method according to the present disclosure may have at least the following advantages.
  • the transmission time determination method and the link state evaluation method according to the present disclosure can use the existing TCP transmission mechanism to automatically calculate the data transmission time between two nodes, and the link state can be evaluated in real time based on the data transmission time.
  • the link is overloaded, the amount of data sent can be reduced, or the transmission gap can be increased, so as to avoid data loss or reduce transmission delay.
  • the method according to the present disclosure uses the existing TCP transmission mechanism, so as long as there is a TCP connection, the method according to the present disclosure can be used, and only minor modifications to the confirmation data packet are required, so the existing transmission system has little impact.
  • TCP connections use the TCP keep-alive mechanism to check whether the connection is active.
  • the method according to the present disclosure can use the existing TCP keep-alive mechanism to calculate the transmission time, and automatically measure the transmission time in real time without the need to transmit more data packets.
  • TCP keep-alive packets are periodically sent between the two ends of a TCP connection. Therefore, the data transmission time can be obtained periodically by the method according to the present disclosure, so that the status of the link can be evaluated in real time. It is also possible to set the sending interval of TCP keep-active data packets according to the needs of the application, that is, to set the measurement period of the transmission time, so as to further ensure the real-time and accuracy of the assessment of the link status.
  • the size of the TCP keep-alive data packet can be set to be the same as the data packet size used by the application data to ensure the calculated data transmission time More precise.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a first device 700 for determining a data transmission time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first device 700 includes a first sending unit 702, a first receiving unit 704, and a transmission time determining unit 706.
  • the first sending unit 702 is configured to send a data packet to the second node, and record the first moment when the data packet is sent to the second node.
  • the first receiving unit 704 is configured to receive a confirmation data packet from the second node, and to record a second moment when the confirmation data packet is received from the second node, wherein the received confirmation data packet includes all The processing time for the second node to process the data packet.
  • the transmission time determining unit 706 is configured to determine the data transmission time from the first node to the second node based on at least the first moment, the second moment, and the processing time.
  • the transmission time determining unit 706 is further configured to determine the data transmission time to the second node based on the first moment, the second moment, the processing time, and the load information.
  • the data packet is a TCP keep-alive data packet
  • the confirmation data packet is a TCP keep-alive confirmation data packet
  • the first device 700 is set on an edge device, and the second node is a cloud platform.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a second device 800 for determining data transmission time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the second device 800 includes a second receiving unit 802, a processing unit 804, and a second sending unit 806.
  • the second receiving unit 802 is configured to receive a data packet sent from the first sending unit 702 of the first device 700, and record the third time when the data packet is received.
  • the processing unit 804 is configured to process the data packet.
  • the second sending unit 806 is configured to send a confirmation data packet, and record the fourth moment when the confirmation data packet is sent, the confirmation data packet includes the processing time of the processing unit to process the data packet, wherein the The processing time is equal to the elapsed time from the third moment to the fourth moment.
  • the confirmation data packet also includes load information of the second node.
  • the second device is set on the cloud platform, and the first device is set on the edge device.
  • first device 700 and the second device 800 for determining the data transmission time and their constituent units shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can compare FIG. 7 as needed. And the structural block diagram shown in Figure 8 is modified.
  • the details of the operations and functions of the various parts of the first device 700 and the second device 800 for determining the data transmission time may be related to the embodiments of the data transmission time determining methods 200 and 400 of the present disclosure described with reference to FIGS. 1-4, for example.
  • the parts are the same or similar, and will not be described in detail here.
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 the embodiments of the method and device for determining the data transmission time and the method for evaluating the link state according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are described.
  • the methods and devices described above can be implemented by hardware, or by software or a combination of hardware and software.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a computing device 900 that implements determining data transmission time or performing link state evaluation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the computing device 900 may include at least one processor 902, which executes at least one computer-readable instruction stored or encoded in a computer-readable storage medium (ie, the memory 904) (ie, the above-mentioned in the form of software) Implemented elements).
  • a non-transitory machine-readable medium may have machine-executable instructions (that is, the above-mentioned elements implemented in the form of software), which when executed by a machine, cause the machine to execute the various embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6.
  • machine-executable instructions that is, the above-mentioned elements implemented in the form of software
  • a computer program including computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, cause at least one processor to execute each of the above described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6 in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a computer program product including computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, cause at least one processor to execute the above described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-6 in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de détermination de temps de transmission, un procédé d'évaluation d'état de liaison, un dispositif informatique et un support. Un procédé permettant de déterminer un temps de transmission de données, la transmission de données étant basée sur un protocole de commande de transmission, comprend : une première étape d'envoi, lors de laquelle un premier nœud envoie un paquet de données à un second nœud, et le premier nœud enregistre un premier moment lorsque le paquet de données est envoyé au second nœud ; une première étape de réception, lors de laquelle le premier nœud reçoit un paquet de données d'accusé de réception en provenance du second nœud et enregistre un second moment lorsque le paquet de données d'accusé de réception est reçu en provenance du second nœud, le paquet de données d'accusé de réception reçu comprenant un temps de traitement lorsque le second nœud traite le paquet de données ; et une étape de détermination de temps de transmission, lors de laquelle le premier nœud détermine un temps de transmission de données entre le premier nœud et le second nœud au moins sur la base du premier moment, du second moment et du temps de traitement.
PCT/CN2020/072080 2020-01-14 2020-01-14 Procédé de détermination de temps de transmission, procédé d'évaluation d'état de liaison, dispositif informatique et support WO2021142632A1 (fr)

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