WO2021134137A1 - Method for stabilising suspended dust from particulate material from tailing deposits - Google Patents
Method for stabilising suspended dust from particulate material from tailing deposits Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021134137A1 WO2021134137A1 PCT/CL2020/050199 CL2020050199W WO2021134137A1 WO 2021134137 A1 WO2021134137 A1 WO 2021134137A1 CL 2020050199 W CL2020050199 W CL 2020050199W WO 2021134137 A1 WO2021134137 A1 WO 2021134137A1
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- plant species
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000032244 Festuca subg. Vulpia Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000724416 Polypogon <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001457161 Polypogon australis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005550 ammonium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 42
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/16—Layers of hygroscopic or other salts deposited on floors, walls, or the like, for binding dust; Deposition of such layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general terms, to processes for stabilizing suspended dust from particulate matter from stationary sources, such as tailings deposits. More particularly, procedures are provided for the permanent control of wind erosion of particulate material in tailings deposits, based on the application of a suppressing composition of dust of inorganic or organic origin, plant species, and tailings.
- CN110423175A describes a composition to improve a rare earth tailings sand, which comprises: 100 parts of a vegetable raw material, 2 to 6 parts of a Compost bactericide, 20 to 70 parts of metal stabilizer, 0-10 parts of water retention agent and 20-40 parts of clay.
- the method comprises incorporating material of plant origin, composted material, metal stabilizers, water retainers and clay.
- the objective of this invention comprises improving the soil by promoting the growth of plant species.
- WO 2015/164943 refers to a method of providing fill for a mine comprising: providing a first predetermined quantity of mine tailings; providing a second predetermined amount of water; providing a third predetermined amount of a binder; providing a fourth predetermined amount of a foaming agent. Also described is a fill material comprising: a first predetermined quantity of tailings from a mine; a second predetermined amount of water; a third predetermined amount of a binder; and a fourth predetermined amount of a foaming agent.
- document US 2009/0311048 describes a method of stabilizing mine tailings through the formation of solids that prevent the percolation of water to lower layers of the tailings, thus stabilizing the tailings of the mines and reducing the environmental contamination that surrounds a tailings deposit.
- the method comprises applying a source of calcium and a source of sulfate, at least lime and / or cement kiln dust, and at least one source of iron.
- patent application US 2005/0003080 describes a method for covering a surface with a matrix-forming polymer, where said method includes a step of applying a vinyl acrylic latex polymer to the floor, so that the polymer bonds soil particles to form a substantially continuous latex phase. Furthermore, the method comprises preparing a layer of soil; spraying a vinyl acrylic latex polymer onto the soil layer so that the polymer bonds the soil particles into a substantially continuous latex phase; and compacting the sprayed soil.
- Document WO 2012/140623 refers to a method for the recovery of substrates with industrial waste, particularly mining, which comprises: a. select plant species that are capable of growing on substrates with the presence of industrial waste, such as heavy metals; b. carry out a tolerance test with said plant species, ending with a new selection of those species more tolerant to the substrate; c. vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage b; and d. acclimatize vegetatively propagated species in stage c; e e. install on the ground the plant species acclimatized in stage d.
- the objective of this document is to recover mining tailings type soils, with a high content of heavy metals, through the use of plant species capable of growing on said substrates.
- the method comprises growing the selected plants under acclimatization conditions to later be transplanted into the soil to be treated. Finally, the method includes a metal recovery stage from the plants, which have accumulated metals in their aerial parts.
- a suppressive composition of dust of inorganic origin or organic, biological systems made up of plant species, which can be sown from seeds, seedlings or adult plants, making it possible to significantly reduce the emission of particulate material, as described in the present invention.
- the present invention describes a procedure to stabilize the suspended dust from particulate material from fixed sources, such as tailings deposits, wherein said procedure comprises the following steps: a. Select the land to be treated and take samples of the land to be treated to chemically and geotechnically characterize said land; b. Apply an organic or inorganic composition to the ground to be treated; c. Select plant species and sow seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated; d. Vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage c; and e. Stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter.
- a. Select the land to be treated and take samples of the land to be treated to chemically and geotechnically characterize said land
- b. Apply an organic or inorganic composition to the ground to be treated
- c. Select plant species and sow seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated
- Figure N ° 1 shows measurements of wind erosion in percentage of material collected by in situ tests with Leatherman traps, in which 4 plots treated with the procedure described in the present invention were tested, in comparison with the areas without treatment.
- the present invention describes a process to stabilize the suspended dust from particulate matter from fixed sources, such as tailings deposits, wherein said process comprises the following steps: a. Select the land to be treated and take samples of the land to be treated to chemically and geotechnically characterize said land; b. Apply an organic or inorganic composition to the ground to be treated; c. Select plant species and sow seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated; d. Vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage c; and e. Stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter.
- the application of the organic or inorganic composition of step b) is carried out for every 500 to 1,000 m 2 of surface to be treated, with an irrigation rate between 1 - 2 L / m 2 .
- the application of the Organic or inorganic composition can be carried out by means of sprinkler irrigation, hose and nozzle, and / or by means of an irrigation truck with a spray bar.
- the organic or inorganic composition can be selected from inorganic salts, lignosulfonates, enzymes, emulsions, polymers, and / or combinations thereof.
- the inorganic salts of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1 - 2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from bischophyte (MgCl2 * 6H20), calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium silicate.
- the lignosulfonates of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1-2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonates, ammonium lignosulfonates, sulfonated oils, among others;
- the emulsions of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1 - 2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from asphalt emulsions, cut asphalt, weeds, vegetable oils, polymers, among others; and the polymers of the composition are applied in a volume per surface of 1-2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from EZ suppressor, AD suppressor, R polymer, TS Polymer and DS polymer, or combinations thereof.
- step c) of selecting and sowing seeds, seedlings and adult plants of the plant species on the ground to be treated is carried out in quantities of between 50-100 grams of mixed seeds for each 125 m 2 of quadrant of land; and by groups of between 3 - 5 seedlings and / or plants for each 1 m 2 of quadrant of land.
- Said plant species can be selected from monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous or combinations thereof. More particularly and without limiting the content of the present invention, the plant species can be selected from the Family Asteraceae, Poaceae, or combinations thereof. More particularly the plant species can be selected from the genera Lactuca, Polypogon, Vulpia, or combinations thereof. More particularly the plant species can be selected from the species Lactuca sativa, Polypogon australis, Vulpia sp., Or combinations thereof.
- Phytotoxicity analyzes were performed on a battery of chemical stabilizers (bischophyte, calcium chloride, lignosulfonate, EZ suppressor, AD suppressor, polymer R, asphalt emulsion VC PROCT Polymer TS and polymer DS) which allowed selecting stabilizers for field tests.
- chemical stabilizers bischophyte, calcium chloride, lignosulfonate, EZ suppressor, AD suppressor, polymer R, asphalt emulsion VC PROCT Polymer TS and polymer DS
- the results were expressed as the percentage of relative seed germination (GR), relative root elongation (ER) and germination index (GI).
- GR represents the percentage of seeds germinated in dust suppressor with respect to those germinated in distilled water.
- GI germination index
- Example N Control analysis of the emission of particulate material derived from tailings sands.
- Wind tunnel tests were carried out with suppressors (VC PROCT asphalt emulsion and the polymers TS, DS, and R), and the formulations (cover composed of suppressors and plants of the species Polypogon sp. And Vulpia sp.). To do this, tests were carried out on specimens with sieved tailings in the 40 mesh, dry and arranged at minimum density, coming from the tailings dam. The in situ evaluations of wind speed carried out at the tailings dam allowed the definition of the three Wind speeds that were used in the test, 4 m / s, 8 m / s and 12 m / s, each applied in ranges of two continuous hours (Table N ° 2).
- the duration of the test considering the three speed steps, was 6 hours.
- the inclination of the specimen was determined at 10 o , because it corresponds to a bucket, being the sector of the tailings deposit most exposed to the wind.
- a modification was made in the depth of the specimen, leaving approximate dimensions of 20x30x10 cm.
- the configuration of the test was defined that allowed to validate the evaluation in the wind tunnel. to. Standard or base specimen: corresponds to the one prepared with dry tailings disposed of at minimum density, which represents the most unfavorable situation
- Base specimen with dust suppressor a standard specimen was prepared to which one of the four selected dust suppressors is superficially applied, leaving the following specimen configuration: base specimen with VC PROCT suppressor; base specimen with polymeric suppressor R; base specimen with polymeric suppressor TS; base specimen with polymeric suppressor DS.
- Base specimen with each of the designed composite coverage solutions base specimen with Polypogon sp. + suppressor VC PROCT; base specimen with Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor R; base test tube with mixture of seeds of Polypogon sp. + Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor TS; base specimen with a mixture of seeds of Polypogon sp. + Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor DS.
- the tailings were geotechnically characterized as indicated in NCH3266-2012, subsequently the necessary quantity was prepared for each specimen with an average volume of 6,000 cm 3 , it was dried in an oven for at least 24 h, then it was sieved through the # 40 mesh, it was returned to the oven for 24 hours, to later let it cool. Then the test tubes were filled with dry tailings at loose apparent density using a funnel that allows the free and constant fall of the tailings until its capacity is complete, then it was leveled and a sample was taken to determine the humidity of the tailings, a procedure that was repeat the test finished. This specimen thus prepared corresponds to the standard specimen.
- test tubes with dust suppressors these were applied by means of a sprinkler on the surface according to the dosage.
- the places where the plants were located were hollowed out, both Polypogon sp. as Vulpia sp., distributing eight plants per test tube.
- the corresponding dust suppressants were then applied.
- a mixture of these was used, applying an amount of approximately 4 g per test tube to the prepared test tube, distributed over the entire surface, to later apply the selected suppressors by means of a sprinkler.
- Each specimen was prepared the day before at least 12 h before the test was carried out.
- test tubes with plants in the growth chamber were irrigated with 2 mL with distilled water with a syringe directly on the plant.
- a 280 mL irrigation was applied with distilled water using a sprinkler.
- Example N ° 3 On-site tests.
- the experimental tests for the application of the formulations based on dust suppressants, seeds and seedlings were carried out on a surface of 5000 m 2 in a tailings deposit. Prior to defining the site, points were defined for sampling and density determination in situ, which were georeferenced. Sampling was carried out using pits to characterize the tailings geotechnically through laboratory tests. An in situ density test was carried out with a sand cone - according to the procedure established in NCH 1516 in the points that were defined. A characterization of the pH of the samples was carried out, finding values between 3.15 and 6.02. The organic matter content determined in the samples was between 2.1% and 5.2% and a water content of 0.1% to 1.0%.
- the application of the composite covers was carried out in the defined and previously staked places, where turning was carried out to homogenize the surface.
- I know used a planting density of 1 group between 3-5 plants / m 2 , with a total of 650 groups of mixed plants and 72 g of mixed seeds per quadrant of 125 m 2 .
- the monitoring of the vegetation cover and performance of the formulations was carried out during the months after application by using a drone to capture images at low altitude and high resolution.
- the solution was prepared and loaded.
- the cistern truck was filled with the necessary water, then the asphalt emulsion was added to complete the solution.
- the tank truck is loaded directly from a bin by means of suction with a hose placed inside it using motor pumps.
- a pond can be used for the premix between water and asphalt solution before filling the truck.
- the loaded solution is quantified through a flow meter or, failing that, using cubed ponds.
- the application can be carried out with a cistern truck or manual. ⁇ Application with cistern truck.
- the equipment is provided with a pond with a capacity that varies from 10 to 30 m 3 .
- Polymer DS can be applied with a hydroseeding cart (when polymer plus seeds are applied together) and manual application. Prior to the application of Polymer DS, preparation and loading of the solution must be carried out. For this, both the tank truck (manual application) and the car (hydroseeding technique) the tank was filled with the necessary water and later the polymer was loaded directly from a bin by means of gravity or suction with a hose placed inside it. using motor pumps. The loaded solution was quantified through a flow meter or, failing that, using cubed ponds.
- hydroseeding cart allows the irrigation of the seed and polymer mixture through the use of a hose or by using a watering bar installed on the back.
- the pH of the samples determined 5 months after the installation of the plants, varied between 3.7 and 7.1, observing in some samples, an increase in pH with respect to the values of the initial samples.
- The% of organic matter determined 5 months after the installation of the plants, varied between 0.8% and 2.6%, showing a decrease with respect to the initial samples.
- the electrical conductivity of the samples varied between 1.1 and 4.4 mS / m, indicating moderate salinity of the substrate.
- the wind speed and direction determinations indicated that the predominant direction is east-southeast during the measurement period, presenting some direction variations mainly between south and east.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention describes a method for stabilising suspended dust from particulate material from fixed sources, such as tailing deposits, the method comprising: (a) selecting the land to be treated and sampling the land to be treated, to chemically and geotechnically characterise said land; (b) applying an organic or inorganic composition to the land to be treated; (c) selecting plant species and planting seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated; (d) reproducing vegetatively the plant species selected in step (c); and (e) stabilising the suspended dust from particulate material.
Description
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA ESTABILIZAR EL POLVO EN SUSPENSIÓN PROVENIENTE DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO DESDE DEPÓSITOSPROCEDURE TO STABILIZE SUSPENSION DUST FROM PARTICULATE MATERIAL FROM TANKS
DE RELAVETAILING
ÁMBITO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención se refiere, en términos generales, a procedimientos para estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado desde fuentes fijas, tales como depósitos de relave. Más particularmente, se proveen procedimientos para el control permanente de la erosión eólica de material particulado en depósitos de relave, en base a la aplicación de una composición supresora de polvo de origen inorgánico u orgánico, especies vegetales, y relave. SCOPE OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates, in general terms, to processes for stabilizing suspended dust from particulate matter from stationary sources, such as tailings deposits. More particularly, procedures are provided for the permanent control of wind erosion of particulate material in tailings deposits, based on the application of a suppressing composition of dust of inorganic or organic origin, plant species, and tailings.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Actualmente, las tecnologías para estabilización de material particulado empleadas para depósitos de relaves en etapa de cierre son muy costosas, ya que normalmente involucran depositar una cubierta de suelo sobre el depósito de relave. Además, se genera el problema de excavación en zonas cercanas al tranque para obtener el volumen necesario para la cubierta de suelo y el impacto asociado al movimiento de tierra y el transporte de este material, además del costo involucrado tanto para la extracción del suelo como para su disposición sobre el depósito de relave. Por ejemplo, dentro en el estado de la técnica destaca el documento CN110423175A, que describe una composición para mejorar una arena de relaves de tierras raras, la cual comprende: 100 partes de una materia prima vegetal, 2 a 6 partes de un
bactericida de compost, 20 a 70 partes de estabilizador de metal, 0-10 partes de agente de retención de agua y 20-40 partes de arcilla. El método comprende incorporar material de origen vegetal, material compostado, estabilizadores de metales, retenedores de agua y arcilla. El objetivo de esta invención comprende mejorar el suelo mediante el favorecimiento del crecimiento de especies vegetales.Currently, the technologies for stabilizing particulate material used for tailings deposits in the closing stage are very expensive, as they normally involve depositing a soil cover over the tailings deposit. In addition, the problem of excavation in areas near the dam is generated to obtain the necessary volume for the soil cover and the impact associated with the movement of earth and the transport of this material, in addition to the cost involved both for the extraction of the soil and for its disposition on the tailings deposit. For example, within the state of the art document CN110423175A stands out, which describes a composition to improve a rare earth tailings sand, which comprises: 100 parts of a vegetable raw material, 2 to 6 parts of a Compost bactericide, 20 to 70 parts of metal stabilizer, 0-10 parts of water retention agent and 20-40 parts of clay. The method comprises incorporating material of plant origin, composted material, metal stabilizers, water retainers and clay. The objective of this invention comprises improving the soil by promoting the growth of plant species.
Por otra parte, el documento WO 2015/164943 se refiere a un método para proporcionar relleno para una mina que comprende: proporcionar una primera cantidad predeterminada de relaves de la mina; proporcionar una segunda cantidad predeterminada de agua; proporcionar una tercera cantidad predeterminada de un aglutinante; proporcionar una cuarta cantidad predeterminada de un agente espumante. También se describe un material de relleno que comprende: una primera cantidad predeterminada de relaves de una mina; una segunda cantidad predeterminada de agua; una tercera cantidad predeterminada de un aglutinante; y una cuarta cantidad predeterminada de un agente espumante. Asimismo, el documento US 2009/0311048 describe un método estabilización de relaves de minas a través de la formación de sólidos que evitan la percolación de agua a capas inferiores del relave, estabilizando así los relaves de las minas y disminuyendo la contaminación ambiental que rodea a un depósito de relaves. El método comprende aplicar una fuente de calcio y una fuente de sulfato, al menos polvo de horno de cal y/o cemento, y al menos una fuente de hierro. On the other hand, WO 2015/164943 refers to a method of providing fill for a mine comprising: providing a first predetermined quantity of mine tailings; providing a second predetermined amount of water; providing a third predetermined amount of a binder; providing a fourth predetermined amount of a foaming agent. Also described is a fill material comprising: a first predetermined quantity of tailings from a mine; a second predetermined amount of water; a third predetermined amount of a binder; and a fourth predetermined amount of a foaming agent. Likewise, document US 2009/0311048 describes a method of stabilizing mine tailings through the formation of solids that prevent the percolation of water to lower layers of the tailings, thus stabilizing the tailings of the mines and reducing the environmental contamination that surrounds a tailings deposit. The method comprises applying a source of calcium and a source of sulfate, at least lime and / or cement kiln dust, and at least one source of iron.
Adicionalmente, la solicitud de patente US 2005/0003080 describe un método para cubrir una superficie con un polímero formador de matriz, donde dicho método incluye una etapa de aplicar un polímero de látex acrílico vinílico al suelo, de manera que el
polímero adhiera partículas del suelo para formar una fase de látex sustancialmente continua. Además, el método comprende preparar una capa de tierra; pulverizar un polímero de látex acrílico vinílico sobre la capa de suciedad de manera que el polímero une las partículas de la suciedad en una fase de látex sustancialmente continua; y compactando el suelo rociado. En la memoria descriptiva se señala que es posible el establecimiento de vegetación en suelos tratados con esta composición a bajas concentraciones, controlando la erosión. Additionally, patent application US 2005/0003080 describes a method for covering a surface with a matrix-forming polymer, where said method includes a step of applying a vinyl acrylic latex polymer to the floor, so that the polymer bonds soil particles to form a substantially continuous latex phase. Furthermore, the method comprises preparing a layer of soil; spraying a vinyl acrylic latex polymer onto the soil layer so that the polymer bonds the soil particles into a substantially continuous latex phase; and compacting the sprayed soil. In the specification it is pointed out that it is possible to establish vegetation in soils treated with this composition at low concentrations, controlling erosion.
El documento WO 2012/140623, se refiere a un método para la recuperación de sustratos con desechos industriales, particularmente mineros el cual comprende: a. seleccionar especies vegetales que sean capaces de crecer en sustratos con presencia de desechos industriales, tales como metales pesados; b. realizar un ensayo de tolerancia con dichas especies vegetales, finalizar con una nueva selección de aquellas especies más tolerantes al sustrato; c. reproducir vegetativamente las especies vegetales seleccionadas en la etapa b; y d. aclimatar las especies reproducidas vegetativamente en la etapa c; e e. instalar en terreno las especies vegetales aclimatadas en la etapa d. El objetivo de este documento radica en recuperar suelos tipo relave minero, con alto contenido de metales pesados, mediante el uso de especies vegetales capaces de crecer en dichos sustratos. Dichas especies son de preferencia endémicas, seleccionadas por su tolerancia a metales. El método comprende crecer las plantas seleccionadas en condiciones de aclimatación para luego ser transplantadas en el suelo a tratar. Finalmente, el método incluye una etapa de recuperación de metales desde las plantas, las cuales han acumulado metales en sus partes aéreas.
Sin embargo, ninguno de los documentos existentes en el estado de la técnica, describen procedimientos para el control permanente de la erosión eólica de material particulado en depósitos de tranques de relave, en base a la aplicación de una composición supresora de polvo de origen inorgánico u orgánico, sistemas biológicos conformados por especies vegetales, los cuales pueden ser sembrados desde semillas, plántulas o plantas adultas, permitiendo disminuir la emisión de material particulado significativamente, tal y como se describe en la presente invención. Document WO 2012/140623, refers to a method for the recovery of substrates with industrial waste, particularly mining, which comprises: a. select plant species that are capable of growing on substrates with the presence of industrial waste, such as heavy metals; b. carry out a tolerance test with said plant species, ending with a new selection of those species more tolerant to the substrate; c. vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage b; and d. acclimatize vegetatively propagated species in stage c; e e. install on the ground the plant species acclimatized in stage d. The objective of this document is to recover mining tailings type soils, with a high content of heavy metals, through the use of plant species capable of growing on said substrates. These species are preferably endemic, selected for their tolerance to metals. The method comprises growing the selected plants under acclimatization conditions to later be transplanted into the soil to be treated. Finally, the method includes a metal recovery stage from the plants, which have accumulated metals in their aerial parts. However, none of the existing documents in the state of the art describe procedures for the permanent control of wind erosion of particulate material in tailings dams deposits, based on the application of a suppressive composition of dust of inorganic origin or organic, biological systems made up of plant species, which can be sown from seeds, seedlings or adult plants, making it possible to significantly reduce the emission of particulate material, as described in the present invention.
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención describe un procedimiento para estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado desde fuentes fijas, tales como depósitos de relave, en donde dicho procedimiento comprende las siguientes etapas: a. Seleccionar el terreno a tratar y realizar toma de muestras del terreno a tratar para caracterizar química y geotécnicamente dicho terreno; b. Aplicar sobre el terreno a tratar una composición orgánica o inorgánica; c. Seleccionar especies vegetales y sembrar semillas, plántulas y plantas adultas de dichas especies vegetales sobre el terreno a tratar; d. Reproducir vegetativamente las especies vegetales seleccionadas en la etapa c; y e. Estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes a procedure to stabilize the suspended dust from particulate material from fixed sources, such as tailings deposits, wherein said procedure comprises the following steps: a. Select the land to be treated and take samples of the land to be treated to chemically and geotechnically characterize said land; b. Apply an organic or inorganic composition to the ground to be treated; c. Select plant species and sow seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated; d. Vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage c; and e. Stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura N° 1 muestra mediciones de erosión eólica en porcentaje de material colectado mediante ensayos in situ con trampas de Leatherman, en el cual se ensayaron 4 parcelas tratadas con el procedimiento descrito en la presente invención, en comparación con las zonas sin tratamiento. Figure N ° 1 shows measurements of wind erosion in percentage of material collected by in situ tests with Leatherman traps, in which 4 plots treated with the procedure described in the present invention were tested, in comparison with the areas without treatment.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención describe un procedimiento para estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado desde fuentes fijas, tales como depósitos de relave, en donde dicho procedimiento comprende las siguientes etapas: a. Seleccionar el terreno a tratar y realizar toma de muestras del terreno a tratar para caracterizar química y geotécnicamente dicho terreno; b. Aplicar sobre el terreno a tratar una composición orgánica o inorgánica; c. Seleccionar especies vegetales y sembrar semillas, plántulas y plantas adultas de dichas especies vegetales sobre el terreno a tratar; d. Reproducir vegetativamente las especies vegetales seleccionadas en la etapa c; y e. Estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado. The present invention describes a process to stabilize the suspended dust from particulate matter from fixed sources, such as tailings deposits, wherein said process comprises the following steps: a. Select the land to be treated and take samples of the land to be treated to chemically and geotechnically characterize said land; b. Apply an organic or inorganic composition to the ground to be treated; c. Select plant species and sow seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated; d. Vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage c; and e. Stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter.
En una de las modalidades de la presente invención la aplicación de la composición orgánica o inorgánica del paso b), se realiza por cada 500 a 1.000 m2 de superficie a tratar, con una tasa riego entre 1 - 2 L/m2. Adicionalmente, la aplicación de la
composición orgánica o inorgánica puede ser realizada mediante riego por aspersión, manguera y pitón, y/o mediante camión de riego con barra de aspersión. In one of the modalities of the present invention, the application of the organic or inorganic composition of step b) is carried out for every 500 to 1,000 m 2 of surface to be treated, with an irrigation rate between 1 - 2 L / m 2 . Additionally, the application of the Organic or inorganic composition can be carried out by means of sprinkler irrigation, hose and nozzle, and / or by means of an irrigation truck with a spray bar.
En una de las modalidades de la presente invención, la composición orgánica o inorgánica puede ser seleccionada entre sales inorgánicas, lignosulfonatos, enzimas, emulsiones, polímeros, y/o combinaciones de los mismos. Las sales inorgánicas de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, las cuales pueden ser seleccionadas entre bischofita (MgCl2*6H20), cloruro de calcio, cloruro de magnesio, cloruro de sodio, silicato de sodio, cloruro de amonio, entre otros; los lignosulfonatos de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, los cuales pueden ser seleccionados entre lignosulfonato de sodio, lignosulfonatos de calcio, lignosulfonatos de amonio, aceites sulfonatados, entre otros; las emulsiones de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, las cuales pueden ser seleccionados entre emulsiones asfálticas, asfaltos cortados, malazas, aceites vegetales, polímeros, entre otros; y los polímeros de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, los cuales pueden ser seleccionados entre supresor EZ, supresor AD, polímero R, Polímero TS y polímero DS, o combinaciones de los mismos. In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the organic or inorganic composition can be selected from inorganic salts, lignosulfonates, enzymes, emulsions, polymers, and / or combinations thereof. The inorganic salts of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1 - 2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from bischophyte (MgCl2 * 6H20), calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium silicate. , ammonium chloride, among others; The lignosulfonates of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1-2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonates, ammonium lignosulfonates, sulfonated oils, among others; The emulsions of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1 - 2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from asphalt emulsions, cut asphalt, weeds, vegetable oils, polymers, among others; and the polymers of the composition are applied in a volume per surface of 1-2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from EZ suppressor, AD suppressor, R polymer, TS Polymer and DS polymer, or combinations thereof.
En una de las modalidades de la presente invención, el paso c) de seleccionar y de sembrar semillas, plántulas y plantas adultas de las especies vegetales sobre el terreno a tratar, se realiza en cantidades de entre 50 - 100 gramos de semillas mezcladas por cada 125 m2 de cuadrante de terreno; y por grupos de entre 3 - 5 plántulas y/o plantas por cada 1 m2 de cuadrante de terreno. Dichas especies vegetales pueden ser seleccionadas de plantas monocotiledóneas, dicotiledóneas o
combinaciones de las mismas. Más particularmente y sin limitar el contenido de la presente invención, las especies vegetales pueden ser seleccionadas entre la Familia Asteraceae, Poaceae, o combinaciones de las mismas. Más particularmente las especies vegetales pueden ser seleccionadas entre los géneros Lactuca, Polypogon, Vulpia, o combinaciones de los mismos. Más particularmente las especies vegetales pueden ser seleccionadas de las especies Lactuca sativa, Polypogon australis, Vulpia sp., o combinaciones de las mismas. In one of the embodiments of the present invention, step c) of selecting and sowing seeds, seedlings and adult plants of the plant species on the ground to be treated, is carried out in quantities of between 50-100 grams of mixed seeds for each 125 m 2 of quadrant of land; and by groups of between 3 - 5 seedlings and / or plants for each 1 m 2 of quadrant of land. Said plant species can be selected from monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous or combinations thereof. More particularly and without limiting the content of the present invention, the plant species can be selected from the Family Asteraceae, Poaceae, or combinations thereof. More particularly the plant species can be selected from the genera Lactuca, Polypogon, Vulpia, or combinations thereof. More particularly the plant species can be selected from the species Lactuca sativa, Polypogon australis, Vulpia sp., Or combinations thereof.
EJEMPLOS Ejemplo N° 1 : Análisis de fitotoxicidad de los estabilizadores químicos utilizados.EXAMPLES Example N ° 1: Phytotoxicity analysis of the chemical stabilizers used.
Se realizaron análisis de fitotoxicidad de una batería de estabilizadores químicos (bischofita, cloruro de calcio, lignosulfonato, supresor EZ, supresor AD, polímero R, emulsión asfáltica VC PROCT Polímero TS y polímero DS) lo que permitió seleccionar estabilizadores para las pruebas de campo. Para ello, se realizó la determinación de la dosis del compuesto que provoca inhibición de la germinación y del crecimiento foliar de dos especies de plantas modelo: Lactuca sativa (lechuga, dicotiledónea) y Polypogon australis (monocotiledónea). Phytotoxicity analyzes were performed on a battery of chemical stabilizers (bischophyte, calcium chloride, lignosulfonate, EZ suppressor, AD suppressor, polymer R, asphalt emulsion VC PROCT Polymer TS and polymer DS) which allowed selecting stabilizers for field tests. To do this, the dose of the compound that causes inhibition of germination and foliar growth of two model plant species was determined: Lactuca sativa (lettuce, dicotyledonous) and Polypogon australis (monocotyledonous).
Los resultados se expresaron como el porcentaje de germinación relativa de semillas (GR), la elongación radicular relativa (ER) e índice de germinación (IG). El GR representa el porcentaje de semillas germinadas en supresor de polvo con respecto a aquellas germinadas en agua destilada. Los resultados indicaron que las sales inorgánicas inhiben tanto la germinación como el crecimiento de las plantas (Tabla N°
1). La germinación es más sensible al efecto de los supresores ensayados que el crecimiento vegetativo. The results were expressed as the percentage of relative seed germination (GR), relative root elongation (ER) and germination index (GI). The GR represents the percentage of seeds germinated in dust suppressor with respect to those germinated in distilled water. The results indicated that inorganic salts inhibit both germination and plant growth (Table No. 1). Germination is more sensitive to the effect of the suppressants tested than vegetative growth.
Tabla N° 1 : Fitotoxicidad de los estabilizadores químicos utilizados.
Table N ° 1: Phytotoxicity of the chemical stabilizers used.
Ejemplo N° 2: Análisis de control de la emisión de material particulado derivado de arenas de relave. Example N ° 2: Control analysis of the emission of particulate material derived from tailings sands.
Se realizaron ensayos en túnel de viento con supresores (emulsión asfáltica VC PROCT y los polímeros TS, DS, y R), y las formulaciones (cobertura compuesta de supresores y plantas de las especies Polypogon sp. y Vulpia sp.). Para ello, se realizaron ensayos a probetas con relave tamizado en la malla 40, seco y dispuesto a densidad mínima, proveniente de tranque de relave. Las evaluaciones in situ de velocidad del viento realizadas en el tranque de relave, permitieron definir las tres
velocidades de viento que se usaron en el ensayo, 4 m/s, 8 m/s y 12 m/s, aplicadas cada una en rangos de dos horas continuas (Tabla N° 2). La duración del ensayo, considerando los tres escalones de velocidad, fue de 6 horas. La inclinación de la probeta se determinó en 10o, debido a que corresponde a cubeta, siendo el sector del depósito de relave más expuesto al viento. De acuerdo a la norma NCH3266-2012 y las condiciones que exigía la prueba al colocar plantas, se realizó una modificación en la profundidad de la probeta, quedando de dimensiones aproximadas 20x30x10 cm. Luego de definir estas condiciones que fueron fijas para cada probeta ensayada, se definió la configuración de la prueba que permitió validar la evaluación en túnel de viento. a. Probeta patrón o base: corresponde a la preparada con relave seco dispuesto a densidad mínima, que representa la situación más desfavorableWind tunnel tests were carried out with suppressors (VC PROCT asphalt emulsion and the polymers TS, DS, and R), and the formulations (cover composed of suppressors and plants of the species Polypogon sp. And Vulpia sp.). To do this, tests were carried out on specimens with sieved tailings in the 40 mesh, dry and arranged at minimum density, coming from the tailings dam. The in situ evaluations of wind speed carried out at the tailings dam allowed the definition of the three Wind speeds that were used in the test, 4 m / s, 8 m / s and 12 m / s, each applied in ranges of two continuous hours (Table N ° 2). The duration of the test, considering the three speed steps, was 6 hours. The inclination of the specimen was determined at 10 o , because it corresponds to a bucket, being the sector of the tailings deposit most exposed to the wind. In accordance with the NCH3266-2012 standard and the conditions required by the test when placing plants, a modification was made in the depth of the specimen, leaving approximate dimensions of 20x30x10 cm. After defining these conditions that were fixed for each tested specimen, the configuration of the test was defined that allowed to validate the evaluation in the wind tunnel. to. Standard or base specimen: corresponds to the one prepared with dry tailings disposed of at minimum density, which represents the most unfavorable situation
(relave suelto y seco). b. Probeta base con supresor de polvo: se preparó una probeta patrón a la cual se le aplica superficialmente un supresor de polvo de los cuatro seleccionados, quedando la siguiente configuración de probetas: probeta base con supresor VC PROCT; probeta base con supresor polimérico R; probeta base con supresor polimérico TS; probeta base con supresor polimérico DS. c. Probeta base con cada una de las soluciones de cobertura compuesta diseñada: probeta base con Polypogon sp. + supresor VC PROCT; probeta base con Vulpia sp. + supresor polimérico R; probeta base con mezcla de semillas de Polypogon sp. + Vulpia sp. + supresor polimérico TS; probeta base
con mezcla de semillas de Polypogon sp. + Vulpia sp. + supresor polimérico DS. (loose and dry tailings). b. Base specimen with dust suppressor: a standard specimen was prepared to which one of the four selected dust suppressors is superficially applied, leaving the following specimen configuration: base specimen with VC PROCT suppressor; base specimen with polymeric suppressor R; base specimen with polymeric suppressor TS; base specimen with polymeric suppressor DS. c. Base specimen with each of the designed composite coverage solutions: base specimen with Polypogon sp. + suppressor VC PROCT; base specimen with Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor R; base test tube with mixture of seeds of Polypogon sp. + Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor TS; base specimen with a mixture of seeds of Polypogon sp. + Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor DS.
Cada uno de los ensayos realizados fue registrado mediante video y fotografía a 0 minutos, 5 minutos, 10 minutos, media hora, 1 hora, 1 ,5 horas y 2 horas, para cada uno de los tres escalones de velocidad. Each of the tests carried out was recorded by video and photography at 0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, half an hour, 1 hour, 1, 5 hours and 2 hours, for each of the three speed steps.
El relave fue caracterizado geotécnicamente como indica la NCH3266-2012, posteriormente se preparó la cantidad necesaria para cada probeta con un volumen promedio de 6.000 cm3, se secó en horno por al menos 24 h, posteriormente se tamizó por la malla #40, se volvió a colocar al horno por 24 horas, para posteriormente dejarlo enfriar. Luego se realizó el llenado de las probetas con relave seco a densidad aparente suelta utilizando un embudo que permite la caída libre y constante del relave hasta completar su capacidad, luego se enrasó y se sacó una muestra para determinar la humedad del relave, procedimiento que se repite terminado el ensayo. Esta probeta así preparada, corresponde a la probeta patrón. Para el caso de las probetas con supresores de polvo, estos se aplicaron mediante un aspersor en la superficie de acuerdo con la dosificación. Para las probetas preparadas con plantas, se procedió a ahuecar los lugares donde se ubicaron las plantas, tanto Polypogon sp. como Vulpia sp., distribuyendo ocho plantas por probeta. Luego se aplicaron los supresores de polvo correspondientes. En el caso de las probetas con semillas, se utilizó una mezcla de estas, aplicando sobre la probeta preparada la cantidad de aproximadamente 4 g por probeta, distribuidos en toda la superficie, para posteriormente aplicar los supresores seleccionados mediante un aspersor. Cada probeta se preparó el día anterior con al menos 12 h de anticipación a la realización del ensayo. Para mantener
las probetas con plantas en la cámara de crecimiento, se les aplicó un riego de 2 mL con agua destilada con jeringa directamente en la planta. En el caso de las probetas con semillas, se aplicó un riego de 280 mL con agua destilada mediante aspersor.The tailings were geotechnically characterized as indicated in NCH3266-2012, subsequently the necessary quantity was prepared for each specimen with an average volume of 6,000 cm 3 , it was dried in an oven for at least 24 h, then it was sieved through the # 40 mesh, it was returned to the oven for 24 hours, to later let it cool. Then the test tubes were filled with dry tailings at loose apparent density using a funnel that allows the free and constant fall of the tailings until its capacity is complete, then it was leveled and a sample was taken to determine the humidity of the tailings, a procedure that was repeat the test finished. This specimen thus prepared corresponds to the standard specimen. In the case of the test tubes with dust suppressors, these were applied by means of a sprinkler on the surface according to the dosage. For the specimens prepared with plants, the places where the plants were located were hollowed out, both Polypogon sp. as Vulpia sp., distributing eight plants per test tube. The corresponding dust suppressants were then applied. In the case of the test tubes with seeds, a mixture of these was used, applying an amount of approximately 4 g per test tube to the prepared test tube, distributed over the entire surface, to later apply the selected suppressors by means of a sprinkler. Each specimen was prepared the day before at least 12 h before the test was carried out. To maintain The test tubes with plants in the growth chamber were irrigated with 2 mL with distilled water with a syringe directly on the plant. In the case of the seed test tubes, a 280 mL irrigation was applied with distilled water using a sprinkler.
Los resultados obtenidos se muestran en la Tabla N° 2, los cuales se expresaron como porcentaje de material removido luego de realizar el ensayo, tanto por escalón como luego de terminado el ensayo. La probeta patrón, luego de terminar el ensayo perdió el 77% del peso inicial, en comparación a las otras probetas donde se pudo determinar que el desempeño del relave tratado tanto con los supresores como con las coberturas compuestas mejoró, determinándose pérdidas inferiores al 1% en las probetas preparadas con los cuatro supresores de polvo, las semillas y supresor de polvo y Vulpia sp. + supresor polimérico R. Respecto a la probeta con Polypogon sp. + supresor de emulsión asfáltica VCPROCT, se observó una pérdida en peso del orden de 1 ,2%. Luego del ensayo correspondiente, se guardó en cámara de crecimiento una probeta con plantas de Polypogon sp., otra con plantas de Vulpia sp. y dos probetas con la mezcla de semillas (una por cada supresor) las que se ensayaron luego de 11 días. En este periodo una parte de las semillas que resistieron el primer ensayo ya habían germinado. Se observaron pérdidas en peso similares a las obtenidas en el primer ensayo, salvo en la probeta con plantas de Polypogon sp. productos de la pérdida acumulada desde el primer ensayo, con un valor final de 12,4 g.
Tabla N° 2: Ensayos en túnel de viento.
The results obtained are shown in Table N ° 2, which were expressed as a percentage of material removed after carrying out the test, both by step and after the end of the test. After completing the test, the standard specimen lost 77% of the initial weight, compared to the other specimens where it was determined that the performance of the tailings treated with both suppressors and composite covers improved, determining losses of less than 1%. in the test tubes prepared with the four dust suppressors, the seeds and dust suppressor and Vulpia sp. + polymeric suppressor R. With respect to the test tube with Polypogon sp. + VCPROCT asphalt emulsion suppressor, a weight loss of the order of 1.2% was observed. After the corresponding test, a test tube with plants of Polypogon sp., Another with plants of Vulpia sp. and two test tubes with the seed mixture (one for each suppressor) which were tested after 11 days. In this period, a part of the seeds that resisted the first test had already germinated. Weight losses similar to those obtained in the first test were observed, except in the test tube with Polypogon sp plants. products of accumulated loss since the first test, with a final value of 12.4 g. Table N ° 2: Wind tunnel tests.
Ejemplo N° 3: Ensayos in situ. Example N ° 3: On-site tests.
Las pruebas experimentales para la aplicación de las formulaciones en base a supresores de polvo, semillas y plántulas se realizó sobre una superficie de 5000 m2
en un depósito de relaves. Previo a la definición del sitio, se definieron puntos para muestreo y determinación de densidad in situ, los cuales fueron georeferenciados. Se realizó toma de muestras mediante calicatas, para caracterizar geotécnicamente el relave a través de ensayos en laboratorio. Se realizó ensayo de densidad in situ con cono de arena- según el procedimiento establecido en la NCH 1516 en los puntos que se definieron. Se realizó una caracterización del pH de las muestras, encontrándose valores entre 3,15 a 6,02. El contenido de materia orgánica determinado en las muestras, fue entre 2,1% y 5,2% y un contenido de agua de 0,1% a 1 ,0 %. Durante las visitas a terreno, se determinaron velocidades y dirección de viento, para asegurar un efecto de viento similar para todas las parcelas de prueba. Se determinó predominancia de dirección sur-este y velocidades hasta 9 m/s. Cada ensayo se realizó en una superficie de 1000 m2 (20x50 m) separadas por un pasillo de muestreo de 5 metros entre cada sub-parcela. Los ensayos a realizar en terreno fueron: The experimental tests for the application of the formulations based on dust suppressants, seeds and seedlings were carried out on a surface of 5000 m 2 in a tailings deposit. Prior to defining the site, points were defined for sampling and density determination in situ, which were georeferenced. Sampling was carried out using pits to characterize the tailings geotechnically through laboratory tests. An in situ density test was carried out with a sand cone - according to the procedure established in NCH 1516 in the points that were defined. A characterization of the pH of the samples was carried out, finding values between 3.15 and 6.02. The organic matter content determined in the samples was between 2.1% and 5.2% and a water content of 0.1% to 1.0%. During field visits, wind speeds and direction were determined to ensure a similar wind effect for all test plots. A predominance of south-east direction and speeds up to 9 m / s was determined. Each test was carried out on an area of 1000 m 2 (20x50 m) separated by a 5-meter sampling corridor between each sub-plot. The tests to be carried out in the field were:
• Cubierta compuesta con mezcla de semillas de Vulpia sp. + Polypogon sp. + supresor de polvo DS. • Cover composed with a mixture of seeds of Vulpia sp. + Polypogon sp. + DS dust suppressor.
• Cubierta compuesta con plantas de Vulpia sp. + Polypogon sp. + supresor de polvo VCPROCT • Cover composed with plants of Vulpia sp. + Polypogon sp. + VCPROCT dust suppressor
• Cubierta con supresor de polvo polímero DS. • Cover with DS polymer dust suppressor.
• Cubierta con supresor de polvo VCPROCT. · Parcela control sin tratamiento • VCPROCT dust suppressor cover. Control plot without treatment
La aplicación de las cubiertas compuestas se realizó en los lugares definidos y previamente estacados, donde se realizó volteo para homogeneizar la superficie. Se
usó una densidad de plantación de 1 grupo de entre 3-5 plantas/m2, con un total de 650 grupos de plantas mezcladas y 72 g de semillas mezcladas por cuadrante de 125 m2. El seguimiento a la cobertura vegetal y desempeño de las formulaciones se realizó durante los meses post aplicación mediante uso de dron para captura de imágenes a baja altitud y de alta resolución. The application of the composite covers was carried out in the defined and previously staked places, where turning was carried out to homogenize the surface. I know used a planting density of 1 group between 3-5 plants / m 2 , with a total of 650 groups of mixed plants and 72 g of mixed seeds per quadrant of 125 m 2 . The monitoring of the vegetation cover and performance of the formulations was carried out during the months after application by using a drone to capture images at low altitude and high resolution.
Previo a la aplicación de VCProct se realizó preparación y carguío de la solución. Para ello el camión aljibe se llenó con el agua necesaria, luego se agregó la emulsión asfáltica para completar la solución. Cuando no se cuenta con estanque para la solución asfáltica, el camión aljibe se carga directo desde un bin por medio de succión con manguera colocada al interior de este utilizando motobombas. Eventualmente, dependiendo de la solución asfáltica, puede utilizarse un estanque para la pre mezcla entre agua y solución asfáltica antes de llenar el camión. La solución cargada es cuantificada a través de un flujómetro o en su defecto utilizando los estanques cubicados. La aplicación puede ser realizada con camión aljibe o manual. · Aplicación con camión aljibe. El equipo está provisto de un estanque con capacidad que varía de 10 a 30 m3. En la parte trasera posee instalada una barra de riego fija de 2,5 m de ancho y 2 barras abatibles en los costados de 1 a 1 ,5 m cada una con sistema de aspersores que entrega una dosis controlada del producto. El operador del camión aljibe debe ser autónomo en la aplicación utilizando la barra rodadora que se encuentra en la parte posterior del camión, la cual va arrojando solución a medida que el operador accione el riego, manteniendo en lo posible una velocidad constante y segura para la aplicación.
• Aplicación manual. Se realizó de manera manual a través del uso de manguera y pitón, la primera es conectada a la motobomba que se encuentra a su vez acoplada al estanque del camión. La solución asfáltica debe ser aplicada en un tiempo no superior a 4 h después de haber sido preparada la solución, y la dosificación recomendada es entre 1 a 2 L/m2. Before applying VCProct, the solution was prepared and loaded. For this, the cistern truck was filled with the necessary water, then the asphalt emulsion was added to complete the solution. When there is no tank for the asphalt solution, the tank truck is loaded directly from a bin by means of suction with a hose placed inside it using motor pumps. Eventually, depending on the asphalt solution, a pond can be used for the premix between water and asphalt solution before filling the truck. The loaded solution is quantified through a flow meter or, failing that, using cubed ponds. The application can be carried out with a cistern truck or manual. · Application with cistern truck. The equipment is provided with a pond with a capacity that varies from 10 to 30 m 3 . At the rear it has a fixed irrigation bar of 2.5 m wide and 2 folding bars on the sides of 1 to 1.5 m each with a sprinkler system that delivers a controlled dose of the product. The operator of the cistern truck must be autonomous in the application using the rolling bar located at the back of the truck, which is throwing solution as the operator activates the irrigation, maintaining as much as possible a constant and safe speed for the app. • Manual application. It was done manually through the use of a hose and nozzle, the first is connected to the motor pump which is in turn coupled to the tank of the truck. The asphalt solution must be applied no longer than 4 hours after the solution has been prepared, and the recommended dosage is between 1 to 2 L / m 2 .
La aplicación del Polímero DS se puede realizar con carro de hidrosiembra (cuando se aplica conjuntamente polímero más semillas) y aplicación manual. Previo a la aplicación del Polímero DS se debe realizar preparación y carguío de la solución. Para ello, tanto el camión aljibe (aplicación manual) como el carro (técnica de hidrosiembra) se llenó el depósito con el agua necesaria y posteriormente se cargó el polímero directo desde un bin por medio de gravedad o succión con manguera colocada al interior de este utilizando motobombas. La solución cargada fue cuantificada a través de un flujómetro o en su defecto utilizando los estanques cubicados. Polymer DS can be applied with a hydroseeding cart (when polymer plus seeds are applied together) and manual application. Prior to the application of Polymer DS, preparation and loading of the solution must be carried out. For this, both the tank truck (manual application) and the car (hydroseeding technique) the tank was filled with the necessary water and later the polymer was loaded directly from a bin by means of gravity or suction with a hose placed inside it. using motor pumps. The loaded solution was quantified through a flow meter or, failing that, using cubed ponds.
• Uso de carro de hidrosiembra. El carro de hidrosiembra permite el riego de la mezcla de semilla y polímero a través del uso de una manguera o utilizando una barra de riego instalada en la parte posterior. • Use of hydroseeding cart. The hydroseeding cart allows the irrigation of the seed and polymer mixture through the use of a hose or by using a watering bar installed on the back.
• Aplicación manual. Se realiza de manera manual a través del uso de manguera y pitón, la primera es conectada a la motobomba que se encuentra a su vez acoplada al estanque del camión. La dosificación recomendada es entre 1 a 2 L/m2. • Manual application. It is done manually through the use of a hose and nozzle, the first is connected to the motor pump which is in turn coupled to the truck's pond. The recommended dosage is between 1 to 2 L / m 2 .
Posteriormente, se procedió a analizar el desempeño de los supresores por sí solos, respecto al patrón sin aplicaciones. Para ello, en cada una de las canchas experimentales de 1000 m2 se realizó un registro del desempeño de las formulaciones
aplicadas en terreno durante los primeros 6 meses post aplicaciones, mediante análisis geotécnicos, fisicoquímicos, de erosión eólica (NCh3266-2012) y de sobrevivencia de las plantas. Para todas las determinaciones fisicoquímicas se observó una alta heterogeneidad entre las diferentes muestras tomadas en cada uno de los sitios experimentales. La mineralogía en el sustrato indicó que los metales mayormente representados en todas las muestras fueron Cobre (máx. muestra individual 37,6 ppm), Hierro (máx. muestra individual 1318 ppm), manganeso (máx. muestra individual 6 ppm) y se observó saturación con Sodio en el 50 % de las muestras (sobre 180 ppm). El pH de las muestras determinado 5 meses después de la instalación de las plantas, varió entre 3,7 y 7,1 , observándose en algunas muestras, un aumento en el pH respecto a los valores de las muestras iniciales. El % de materia orgánica determinado 5 meses posterior a la instalación de las plantas, varió entre 0,8 % a 2,6 %, mostrando una baja respecto a las muestras iniciales. La conductividad eléctrica de las muestras varió entre 1,1 y 4,4 mS/m, indicando moderada salinidad del sustrato. Las determinaciones de velocidad y dirección del viento indicaron que dirección predominante es este-sureste durante el periodo de medición, presentando algunas variaciones de dirección entre sur y este principalmente. Respecto a la dirección del viento, las velocidades del viento máximas (8,63 m/s) se observaron entre octubre y noviembre de 2018. Los resultados de las mediciones de erosión eólica mediante ensayos in situ con trampas de Leatherman, mostraron que el rango de material en saltación y rodadura para los puntos de medición emplazados en las parcelas experimentales fue menor que para los puntos ubicados fuera de la zona de tratamiento (patrón sin tratamiento). El 83,3 % del material colectado en 104 días de medición, estaba en los puntos patrón
fuera de las parcelas experimentales y sin tratamiento. El restante 16,7 % fue colectado en los puntos emplazados en cada una de las cuatro parcelas experimentales. Las parcelas con mejores resultados corresponden a las tratadas con polímero DS + semillas, respecto a las parcelas tratadas con los supresores VC- PROCT y DS. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, la emisión de material en rodadura y sobre todo en saltación fue significativamente menor en las cuatro parcelas tratadas respecto a la situación sin tratamiento (Tabla N° 3, Figura N°1). Subsequently, we proceeded to analyze the performance of the suppressors by themselves, with respect to the pattern without applications. For this, in each of the experimental fields of 1000 m 2 a record of the performance of the formulations was made. applied in the field during the first 6 months after applications, through geotechnical, physicochemical, wind erosion analysis (NCh3266-2012) and plant survival. For all the physicochemical determinations, a high heterogeneity was observed between the different samples taken in each of the experimental sites. The mineralogy in the substrate indicated that the metals most represented in all the samples were Copper (max. Individual sample 37.6 ppm), Iron (max. Individual sample 1318 ppm), Manganese (max. Individual sample 6 ppm) and it was observed saturation with Sodium in 50% of the samples (over 180 ppm). The pH of the samples determined 5 months after the installation of the plants, varied between 3.7 and 7.1, observing in some samples, an increase in pH with respect to the values of the initial samples. The% of organic matter determined 5 months after the installation of the plants, varied between 0.8% and 2.6%, showing a decrease with respect to the initial samples. The electrical conductivity of the samples varied between 1.1 and 4.4 mS / m, indicating moderate salinity of the substrate. The wind speed and direction determinations indicated that the predominant direction is east-southeast during the measurement period, presenting some direction variations mainly between south and east. Regarding the wind direction, the maximum wind speeds (8.63 m / s) were observed between October and November 2018. The results of the wind erosion measurements through in situ tests with Leatherman traps, showed that the range of material in saltation and rolling for the measurement points located in the experimental plots was lower than for the points located outside the treatment zone (pattern without treatment). 83.3% of the material collected in 104 days of measurement, was in the standard points outside the experimental plots and without treatment. The remaining 16.7% was collected at the points located in each of the four experimental plots. The plots with the best results correspond to those treated with polymer DS + seeds, with respect to the plots treated with the suppressors VC-PROCT and DS. According to the results obtained, the emission of material in rolling and especially in saltation was significantly lower in the four treated plots compared to the situation without treatment (Table N ° 3, Figure N ° 1).
Tabla N°3: Resultados de ensayos in situ.
Table N ° 3: Results of in situ tests.
Mientras esta invención ha sido descrita bajo las modalidades señaladas anteriormente, podría parecer evidente que otras alternativas, modificaciones o variaciones entregarían los mismos resultados. Consecuentemente, las modalidades de la invención pretenden ser ilustrativas, no limitantes. Varios cambios pueden ser realizados sin alejarse del espíritu y alcance de la invención como se define en las siguientes reivindicaciones. While this invention has been described under the modalities outlined above, it might seem obvious that other alternatives, modifications or variations would deliver the same results. Consequently, the embodiments of the invention are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Todas las patentes, solicitudes de patentes, artículos científicos y otros documentos públicos que en conocimiento del solicitante constituyen el estado del arte, han sido adecuadamente citados en la presente solicitud.
All patents, patent applications, scientific articles and other public documents that, to the applicant's knowledge, constitute the state of the art, have been adequately cited in this application.
Claims
1. Un procedimiento biológico para estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado desde fuentes fijas, tal como depósitos de relave, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende: a. Seleccionar el terreno a tratar y realizar toma de muestras del terreno a tratar para caracterizar química y geotécnicamente dicho terreno; b. Aplicar sobre el terreno a tratar una composición orgánica o inorgánica; c. Seleccionar especies vegetales y sembrar semillas, plántulas y plantas adultas de dichas especies vegetales sobre el terreno a tratar; d. Reproducir vegetativamente las especies vegetales seleccionadas en la etapa c; y e. Estabilizar el polvo en suspensión proveniente de material particulado. 1. A biological procedure to stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter from fixed sources, such as tailings deposits, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises: a. Select the land to be treated and take samples of the land to be treated to chemically and geotechnically characterize said land; b. Apply an organic or inorganic composition to the ground to be treated; c. Select plant species and sow seeds, seedlings and adult plants of said plant species on the land to be treated; d. Vegetatively reproduce the plant species selected in stage c; and e. Stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter.
2. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la aplicación de la composición orgánica o inorgánica se realiza por cada 500 a 1.000 m2 de superficie a tratar, con una tasa riego entre 1 - 2 L/m2 2. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the application of the organic or inorganic composition is carried out for every 500 to 1,000 m 2 of surface to be treated, with an irrigation rate between 1 - 2 L / m 2
3. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la aplicación de la composición orgánica o inorgánica se realiza mediante riego por aspersión, manguera y pitón, y/o mediante camión de riego con barra de aspersión. 3. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the application of the organic or inorganic composition is carried out by means of sprinkler, hose and nozzle irrigation, and / or by means of an irrigation truck with a spray bar.
4. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque la composición orgánica o inorgánica es seleccionada entre sales inorgánicas, lignosulfonatos, enzimas, emulsiones, polímeros, y/o combinaciones de los mismos.
4. The process of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the organic or inorganic composition is selected from inorganic salts, lignosulfonates, enzymes, emulsions, polymers, and / or combinations thereof.
5. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las sales inorgánicas de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, las cuales pueden ser seleccionadas entre bischofita (MgCl2*6H20), cloruro de calcio, cloruro de magnesio, cloruro de sodio, silicato de sodio, cloruro de amonio, o combinaciones de las mismas. 5. The process of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the inorganic salts of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1 - 2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from bischophyte (MgCl2 * 6H20), calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium silicate, ammonium chloride, or combinations thereof.
6. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque los lignosulfonatos de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, los cuales pueden ser seleccionados entre lignosulfonato de sodio, lignosulfonatos de calcio, lignosulfonatos de amonio, aceites sulfonatados, o combinaciones de los mismos. 6. The process of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the lignosulfonates of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1-2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonates, ammonium lignosulfonates, sulfonated oils, or combinations thereof.
7. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las emulsiones de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, las cuales pueden ser seleccionados entre emulsiones asfálticas, asfaltos cortados, malazas, aceites vegetales, polímeros, o combinaciones de las mismas. 7. The process of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the emulsions of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1-2 L / m 2 , which can be selected from asphalt emulsions, cut asphalt, mulches, vegetable oils, polymers , or combinations thereof.
8. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque los polímeros de la composición se aplican en un volumen por superficie de 1 - 2 L/m2, los cuales se seleccionan entre supresor EZ, supresor AD, polímero R, Polímero TS y polímero DS, o combinaciones de los mismos. 8. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the polymers of the composition are applied in a volume per surface area of 1-2 L / m 2 , which are selected from EZ suppressor, AD suppressor, polymer R, Polymer TS and polymer DS, or combinations thereof.
9. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el paso de sembrar semillas, plántulas y plantas adultas de las especies vegetales sobre el terreno a tratar, se realiza en cantidades de entre 50 - 100 gramos de semillas mezcladas por cada 125 m2 de cuadrante de terreno; y por grupos de entre 3 - 5 plántulas y/o plantas por cada 1 m2 de cuadrante de terreno.
9. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the step of sowing seeds, seedlings and adult plants of the plant species on the ground to be treated, is carried out in quantities of between 50 - 100 grams of seeds mixed per 125 m 2 of quadrant of terrain; and by groups of between 3 - 5 seedlings and / or plants for each 1 m 2 of quadrant of land.
10. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las especies vegetales son seleccionadas de plantas monocotiledóneas, dicotiledóneas o combinaciones de las mismas. 10. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the plant species are selected from monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous plants or combinations thereof.
11. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las especies vegetales son seleccionadas entre la Familia Asteraceae, Poaceae, o combinaciones de las mismas. 11. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the plant species are selected from the Family Asteraceae, Poaceae, or combinations thereof.
12. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las especies vegetales son seleccionadas entre los géneros Lactuca, Polypogon, Vulpia, o combinaciones de los mismos. 12. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the plant species are selected from the genera Lactuca, Polypogon, Vulpia, or combinations thereof.
13. El procedimiento de la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las especies vegetales son seleccionadas de las especies Lactuca sativa, Polypogon australis, Vulpia sp., o combinaciones de las mismas.
13. The method of claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the plant species are selected from the species Lactuca sativa, Polypogon australis, Vulpia sp., Or combinations thereof.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE2022001384A PE20221590A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-12-30 | PROCEDURE TO STABILIZE SUSPENDED DUST FROM PARTICULATE MATERIAL FROM TAILINGS TANKS |
| BR112022013224A BR112022013224A2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-12-30 | BIOLOGICAL PROCEDURE TO STABILIZE DUST IN SUSPENSION OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL FROM FIXED SOURCES |
| CA3163614A CA3163614A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-12-30 | Procedure to stabilize suspended dust from particulate material from tailing deposits |
| CONC2022/0010376A CO2022010376A2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-07-25 | Procedure to stabilize suspended dust from particulate material from tailings deposits |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CL2019003923A CL2019003923A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Procedure to stabilize suspended dust from particulate matter from tailings deposits. |
| CL3923-2019 | 2019-12-31 |
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| WO2021134137A1 true WO2021134137A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
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| PCT/CL2020/050199 WO2021134137A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-12-30 | Method for stabilising suspended dust from particulate material from tailing deposits |
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| BR (1) | BR112022013224A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3163614A1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2019003923A1 (en) |
| CO (1) | CO2022010376A2 (en) |
| PE (1) | PE20221590A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021134137A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL2011000791A1 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-02-03 | Pontificia Univ Catolica De Valpariso | Process that allows the control of erosion in tailings dams and its closure that includes determining the geotechnics of the dam and its wind and erosive conditions, demarcate the area and apply magnesium chloride hexahydrate in solution. |
| CL2011000826A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2014-07-04 | Univ Santiago Chile | Method for the recovery of mining substrates with industrial wastes, which includes selecting plant species, carrying out a tolerance test with said plant species, vegetatively reproducing the species, acclimatizing and installing said plant species in the field. |
-
2019
- 2019-12-31 CL CL2019003923A patent/CL2019003923A1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 CA CA3163614A patent/CA3163614A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-30 BR BR112022013224A patent/BR112022013224A2/en unknown
- 2020-12-30 WO PCT/CL2020/050199 patent/WO2021134137A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-12-30 PE PE2022001384A patent/PE20221590A1/en unknown
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2022
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL2011000791A1 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-02-03 | Pontificia Univ Catolica De Valpariso | Process that allows the control of erosion in tailings dams and its closure that includes determining the geotechnics of the dam and its wind and erosive conditions, demarcate the area and apply magnesium chloride hexahydrate in solution. |
| CL2011000826A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2014-07-04 | Univ Santiago Chile | Method for the recovery of mining substrates with industrial wastes, which includes selecting plant species, carrying out a tolerance test with said plant species, vegetatively reproducing the species, acclimatizing and installing said plant species in the field. |
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| "Guia N° 3: Flora y Vegetación Asociadas a Relaves Mineros Abandonados", January 2011, ISBN: 978-956-7226-12-2, article LEON-LOBOS, P. ET AL.: "Fitoestabilización de Depósitos de Relaves En Chile", pages: 1 - 65 * |
| GIL-LOAIZA JULIANA, FIELD JASON P., WHITE SCOTT A., CSAVINA JANAE, FELIX OMAR, BETTERTON ERIC A., SÁEZ A. EDUARDO, MAIER RAINA M.: "Phytoremediation Reduces Dust Emissions from Metal(loid)-Contaminated Mine Tailings", ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, vol. 52, no. 10, 2018, pages 5851 - 5858, XP055838980, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05730 * |
| JARA-HERMOSILLA, D. ET AL.: "Enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide on Polypogon australis plants grown in a copper mining liquid waste", SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, vol. 109, 2017, pages 42 - 49, XP029974369, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb. 2016.12.01 7 * |
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| PE20221590A1 (en) | 2022-10-10 |
| BR112022013224A2 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
| CO2022010376A2 (en) | 2022-10-21 |
| CA3163614A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
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