WO2021134072A1 - Procédés et appareil de codage vidéo dans un format de chrominance 4:4:4 - Google Patents

Procédés et appareil de codage vidéo dans un format de chrominance 4:4:4 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134072A1
WO2021134072A1 PCT/US2020/067200 US2020067200W WO2021134072A1 WO 2021134072 A1 WO2021134072 A1 WO 2021134072A1 US 2020067200 W US2020067200 W US 2020067200W WO 2021134072 A1 WO2021134072 A1 WO 2021134072A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chroma
luma
video
block
coding
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PCT/US2020/067200
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English (en)
Inventor
Xianglin Wang
Xiaoyu XIU
Yi-Wen Chen
Tsung-Chuan MA
Hong-Jheng Jhu
Bing Yu
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Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. filed Critical Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN202080088571.9A priority Critical patent/CN114868388A/zh
Publication of WO2021134072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134072A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/11—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/186—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards

Definitions

  • the present application generally relates to video data coding and compression, and in particular, to methods and apparatus on improving and simplifying a luma-to-chroma quantization parameter (QP) mapping table.
  • QP quantization parameter
  • Digital video is supported by a variety of electronic devices, such as digital televisions, laptop or desktop computers, tablet computers, digital cameras, digital recording devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, smart phones, video teleconferencing devices, video streaming devices, etc.
  • the electronic devices transmit, receive, encode, decode, and/or store digital video data by implementing video compression/decompression standards as defined by MPEG-4, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4, Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (AVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), and Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard.
  • Video compression typically includes performing spatial (intra frame) prediction and/or temporal (inter frame) prediction to reduce or remove redundancy inherent in the video data.
  • a video frame is partitioned into one or more slices, each slice having multiple video blocks, which may also be referred to as coding tree units (CTUs).
  • CTU coding tree units
  • Each CTU may contain one coding unit (CU) or recursively split into smaller CUs until the predefined minimum CU size is reached.
  • CU also named leaf CU
  • TUs transform units
  • PUs prediction units
  • Each CU can be coded in either intra, inter or Intra block copy (IBC) modes.
  • Video blocks in an intra coded (I) slice of a video frame are encoded using spatial prediction with respect to reference samples in neighboring blocks within the same video frame.
  • Video blocks in an inter coded (P (the forward Predicted pictures) or B (bidirectionally predicted pictures)) slice of a video frame may use spatial prediction with respect to reference samples in neighboring blocks within the same video frame or temporal prediction with respect to reference samples in other previous and/or future reference video frames.
  • the process of finding the reference block may be accomplished by block matching algorithm.
  • Residual data representing pixel differences between the current block to be coded and the predictive block is referred to as a residual block or prediction errors.
  • An inter-coded block is encoded according to a motion vector that points to a reference block in a reference frame forming the predictive block, and the residual block. The process of determining the motion vector is typically referred to as motion estimation.
  • An intra coded block is encoded according to an intra prediction mode and the residual block.
  • the residual block is transformed from the pixel domain to a transform domain, e.g., frequency domain, resulting in residual transform coefficients, which may then be quantized.
  • the quantized transform coefficients initially arranged in a two-dimensional array, may be scanned to produce a one-dimensional vector of transform coefficients, and then entropy encoded into a video bitstream to achieve even more compression.
  • the encoded video bitstream is then saved in a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., flash memory) to be accessed by another electronic device with digital video capability or directly transmitted to the electronic device wired or wirelessly.
  • the electronic device then performs video decompression (which is an opposite process to the video compression described above) by, e.g., parsing the encoded video bitstream to obtain syntax elements from the bitstream and reconstructing the digital video data to its original format from the encoded video bitstream based at least in part on the syntax elements obtained from the bitstream, and renders the reconstructed digital video data on a display of the electronic device.
  • video decompression which is an opposite process to the video compression described above
  • Certain video content e.g., screen content videos
  • 4:4:4 chroma format in which all three components (the luma component and both chroma components) have the same resolution.
  • 4:4:4 chroma format includes more redundancies compared to that in 4:2:0 chroma format and 4:2:2 chroma format (which is unfriendly to achieving a good compression efficiency)
  • 4:4:4 chroma format is still the preferred encoding format for many applications where high fidelity is required to preserve color information, such as sharp edges, in the decoded video.
  • the present application describes implementations related to video data encoding and decoding and, more particularly, to system and method of constructing a luma- to-chroma quantization parameter (QP) mapping table.
  • QP quantization parameter
  • Cb/B and Cr/R components of 4:4:4 YCbCr and RGB videos represent more abundant color information and possess more high-frequency information (e.g., edges and textures) than the chroma components in 4:2:0 videos.
  • a method of decoding video data includes: obtaining, from the data bitstream, a set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements; generating a luma-to-chroma quantization parameter (QP) mapping table based on the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements, wherein the luma-to-chroma QP mapping table sets a quantization parameter (QP c ) of a chroma component equal to a quantization parameter (QP L ) of a corresponding luma component; obtaining, from the data bitstream, QP L of a luma component of a coding unit; determining QP c of a chroma component of the coding unit as the same as the QP L of the luma component of the coding unit according to the luma-to-chroma QP mapping table; and decoding the luma component and the chroma component of the
  • an electronic apparatus includes one or more processing units, memory and a plurality of programs stored in the memory.
  • the programs when executed by the one or more processing units, cause the electronic apparatus to perform the methods of decoding video data as described above.
  • a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores a plurality of programs for execution by an electronic apparatus having one or more processing units.
  • the programs when executed by the one or more processing units, cause the electronic apparatus to perform the methods of decoding video data as described above.
  • FIG. l is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video encoding and decoding system in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video encoder in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoder in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 4A through 4E are block diagrams illustrating how a frame is recursively partitioned into multiple video blocks of different sizes and shapes in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are block diagrams illustrating examples of applying the technique of adaptive color-space transform (ACT) to transform residuals between RGB color space and YCgCo color space in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT adaptive color-space transform
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of applying the technique of luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) in an exemplary video data decoding process in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoding process by which a video decoder implements the technique of inverse adaptive color-space transform (ACT) in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT inverse adaptive color-space transform
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are block diagrams illustrating exemplary video decoding processes by which a video decoder implements the technique of inverse adaptive color-space transform (ACT) and luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT inverse adaptive color-space transform
  • LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary decoding logics between performing adaptive color-space transform (ACT) and block differential pulse coded modulation (BDPCM) in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT adaptive color-space transform
  • BDPCM block differential pulse coded modulation
  • FIG. 10 is a decoding flowchart of applying different quantization parameter
  • QP QP offsets for different components when the luma and chroma internal bit-depths are different in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart 1100 illustrating an exemplary process by which a video coder encodes /decodes the video data by using a luma-to-chroma quantization parameter (QP) mapping table based on a set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • QP luma-to-chroma quantization parameter
  • the methods are provided to improve the coding efficiency of the VVC standard for 4:4:4 videos.
  • the main features of the technologies in this disclosure are summarized as follow.
  • the methods are implemented to improve the existing
  • ACT design that enables adaptive color space conversion in the residual domain. Particularly, special considerations are made to handle the interaction of the ACT with some existing coding tools in the VVC.
  • the methods are implemented to improve the efficiency of some existing inter and intra coding tools in the VVC standard for 4:4:4 videos, including: 1) enabling 8-tap interpolation filters for the chroma components; 2) enabling the PDPC for the intra prediction of the chroma components; 3) enabling the MRL for the intra prediction of the chroma components; 4) enabling the ISP partitioning for the chroma components.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system 10 for encoding and decoding video blocks in parallel in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • system 10 includes a source device 12 that generates and encodes video data to be decoded at a later time by a destination device 14.
  • Source device 12 and destination device 14 may comprise any of a wide variety of electronic devices, including desktop or laptop computers, tablet computers, smart phones, set-top boxes, digital televisions, cameras, display devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, video streaming device, or the like.
  • source device 12 and destination device 14 are equipped with wireless communication capabilities.
  • destination device 14 may receive the encoded video data to be decoded via a link 16.
  • Link 16 may comprise any type of communication medium or device capable of moving the encoded video data from source device 12 to destination device 14.
  • link 16 may comprise a communication medium to enable source device 12 to transmit the encoded video data directly to destination device 14 in real-time.
  • the encoded video data may be modulated according to a communication standard, such as a wireless communication protocol, and transmitted to destination device 14.
  • the communication medium may comprise any wireless or wired communication medium, such as a radio frequency (RF) spectrum or one or more physical transmission lines.
  • the communication medium may form part of a packet-based network, such as a local area network, a wide-area network, or a global network such as the Internet.
  • the communication medium may include routers, switches, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communication from source device 12 to destination device 14.
  • the encoded video data may be transmitted from output interface 22 to a storage device 32. Subsequently, the encoded video data in storage device 32 may be accessed by destination device 14 via input interface 28.
  • Storage device 32 may include any of a variety of distributed or locally accessed data storage media such as a hard drive, Blu-ray discs, DVDs, CD-ROMs, flash memory, volatile or non-volatile memory, or any other suitable digital storage media for storing encoded video data.
  • storage device 32 may correspond to a file server or another intermediate storage device that may hold the encoded video data generated by source device 12. Destination device 14 may access the stored video data from storage device 32 via streaming or downloading.
  • the file server may be any type of computer capable of storing encoded video data and transmitting the encoded video data to destination device 14.
  • Exemplary file servers include a web server (e.g., for a website), an FTP server, network attached storage (NAS) devices, or a local disk drive.
  • Destination device 14 may access the encoded video data through any standard data connection, including a wireless channel (e.g., a Wi-Fi connection), a wired connection (e.g., DSL, cable modem, etc.), or a combination of both that is suitable for accessing encoded video data stored on a file server.
  • the transmission of encoded video data from storage device 32 may be a streaming transmission, a download transmission, or a combination of both.
  • source device 12 includes a video source 18, a video encoder 20 and an output interface 22.
  • Video source 18 may include a source such as a video capture device, e.g., a video camera, a video archive containing previously captured video, a video feed interface to receive video from a video content provider, and/or a computer graphics system for generating computer graphics data as the source video, or a combination of such sources.
  • a video capture device e.g., a video camera, a video archive containing previously captured video, a video feed interface to receive video from a video content provider, and/or a computer graphics system for generating computer graphics data as the source video, or a combination of such sources.
  • source device 12 and destination device 14 may form camera phones or video phones.
  • the implementations described in the present application may be applicable to video coding in general, and may be applied to wireless and/or wired applications.
  • the captured, pre-captured, or computer-generated video may be encoded by video encoder 20.
  • the encoded video data may be transmitted directly to destination device 14 via output interface 22 of source device 12.
  • the encoded video data may also (or alternatively) be stored onto storage device 32 for later access by destination device 14 or other devices, for decoding and/or playback.
  • Output interface 22 may further include a modem and/or a transmitter.
  • Destination device 14 includes an input interface 28, a video decoder 30, and a display device 34.
  • Input interface 28 may include a receiver and/or a modem and receive the encoded video data over link 16.
  • the encoded video data communicated over link 16, or provided on storage device 32 may include a variety of syntax elements generated by video encoder 20 for use by video decoder 30 in decoding the video data. Such syntax elements may be included within the encoded video data transmitted on a communication medium, stored on a storage medium, or stored a file server.
  • destination device 14 may include a display device
  • Display device 34 which can be an integrated display device and an external display device that is configured to communicate with destination device 14.
  • Display device 34 displays the decoded video data to a user, and may comprise any of a variety of display devices such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or another type of display device.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • Video encoder 20 and video decoder 30 may operate according to proprietary or industry standards, such as VVC, HEVC, MPEG-4, Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (AVC), or extensions of such standards. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to a specific video coding/decoding standard and may be applicable to other video coding/decoding standards. It is generally contemplated that video encoder 20 of source device 12 may be configured to encode video data according to any of these current or future standards. Similarly, it is also generally contemplated that video decoder 30 of destination device 14 may be configured to decode video data according to any of these current or future standards.
  • Video encoder 20 and video decoder 30 each may be implemented as any of a variety of suitable encoder circuitry, such as one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware or any combinations thereof.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • an electronic device may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable medium and execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the video coding/decoding operations disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video encoder 20 in accordance with some implementations described in the present application.
  • Video encoder 20 may perform intra and inter predictive coding of video blocks within video frames. Intra predictive coding relies on spatial prediction to reduce or remove spatial redundancy in video data within a given video frame or picture. Inter predictive coding relies on temporal prediction to reduce or remove temporal redundancy in video data within adjacent video frames or pictures of a video sequence.
  • video encoder 20 includes video data memory 40, prediction processing unit 41, decoded picture buffer (DPB) 64, summer 50, transform processing unit 52, quantization unit 54, and entropy encoding unit 56.
  • Prediction processing unit 41 further includes motion estimation unit 42, motion compensation unit 44, partition unit 45, intra prediction processing unit 46, and intra block copy (BC) unit 48.
  • video encoder 20 also includes inverse quantization unit 58, inverse transform processing unit 60, and summer 62 for video block reconstruction.
  • a deblocking filter (not shown) may be positioned between summer 62 and DPB 64 to filter block boundaries to remove blockiness artifacts from reconstructed video.
  • Video encoder 20 may take the form of a fixed or programmable hardware unit or may be divided among one or more of the illustrated fixed or programmable hardware units.
  • Video data memory 40 may store video data to be encoded by the components of video encoder 20.
  • the video data in video data memory 40 may be obtained, for example, from video source 18.
  • DPB 64 is a buffer that stores reference video data for use in encoding video data by video encoder 20 (e.g., in intra or inter predictive coding modes).
  • Video data memory 40 and DPB 64 may be formed by any of a variety of memory devices.
  • video data memory 40 may be on-chip with other components of video encoder 20, or off-chip relative to those components.
  • partition unit 45 within prediction processing unit 41 partitions the video data into video blocks.
  • This partitioning may also include partitioning a video frame into slices, tiles, or other larger coding units (CUs) according to a predefined splitting structures such as quad-tree structure associated with the video data.
  • the video frame may be divided into multiple video blocks (or sets of video blocks referred to as tiles).
  • Prediction processing unit 41 may select one of a plurality of possible predictive coding modes, such as one of a plurality of intra predictive coding modes or one of a plurality of inter predictive coding modes, for the current video block based on error results (e.g., coding rate and the level of distortion).
  • Prediction processing unit 41 may provide the resulting intra or inter prediction coded block to summer 50 to generate a residual block and to summer 62 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as part of a reference frame subsequently. Prediction processing unit 41 also provides syntax elements, such as motion vectors, intra-mode indicators, partition information, and other such syntax information, to entropy encoding unit 56.
  • intra prediction processing unit 46 within prediction processing unit 41 may perform intra predictive coding of the current video block relative to one or more neighboring blocks in the same frame as the current block to be coded to provide spatial prediction.
  • Motion estimation unit 42 and motion compensation unit 44 within prediction processing unit 41 perform inter predictive coding of the current video block relative to one or more predictive blocks in one or more reference frames to provide temporal prediction.
  • Video encoder 20 may perform multiple coding passes, e.g., to select an appropriate coding mode for each block of video data.
  • motion estimation unit 42 determines the inter prediction mode for a current video frame by generating a motion vector, which indicates the displacement of a prediction unit (PU) of a video block within the current video frame relative to a predictive block within a reference video frame, according to a predetermined pattern within a sequence of video frames.
  • Motion estimation performed by motion estimation unit 42, is the process of generating motion vectors, which estimate motion for video blocks.
  • a motion vector may indicate the displacement of a PU of a video block within a current video frame or picture relative to a predictive block within a reference frame (or other coded unit) relative to the current block being coded within the current frame (or other coded unit).
  • Intra BC unit 48 may determine vectors, e.g., block vectors, for intra BC coding in a manner similar to the determination of motion vectors by motion estimation unit 42 for inter prediction, or may utilize motion estimation unit 42 to determine the block vector.
  • a predictive block is a block of a reference frame that is deemed as closely matching the PU of the video block to be coded in terms of pixel difference, which may be determined by sum of absolute difference (SAD), sum of square difference (SSD), or other difference metrics.
  • video encoder 20 may calculate values for subinteger pixel positions of reference frames stored in DPB 64. For example, video encoder 20 may interpolate values of one-quarter pixel positions, one-eighth pixel positions, or other fractional pixel positions of the reference frame. Therefore, motion estimation unit 42 may perform a motion search relative to the full pixel positions and fractional pixel positions and output a motion vector with fractional pixel precision.
  • Motion estimation unit 42 calculates a motion vector for a PU of a video block in an inter prediction coded frame by comparing the position of the PU to the position of a predictive block of a reference frame selected from a first reference frame list (List 0) or a second reference frame list (List 1), each of which identifies one or more reference frames stored in DPB 64. Motion estimation unit 42 sends the calculated motion vector to motion compensation unit 44 and then to entropy encoding unit 56.
  • Motion compensation performed by motion compensation unit 44, may involve fetching or generating the predictive block based on the motion vector determined by motion estimation unit 42.
  • motion compensation unit 44 may locate a predictive block to which the motion vector points in one of the reference frame lists, retrieve the predictive block from DPB 64, and forward the predictive block to summer 50.
  • Summer 50 then forms a residual video block of pixel difference values by subtracting pixel values of the predictive block provided by motion compensation unit 44 from the pixel values of the current video block being coded.
  • the pixel difference values forming the residual vide block may include luma or chroma difference components or both.
  • Motion compensation unit 44 may also generate syntax elements associated with the video blocks of a video frame for use by video decoder 30 in decoding the video blocks of the video frame.
  • the syntax elements may include, for example, syntax elements defining the motion vector used to describe the predictive block, any flags indicating the prediction mode, or any other syntax information described herein. Note that motion estimation unit 42 and motion compensation unit 44 may be highly integrated, but are illustrated separately for conceptual purposes.
  • intra BC unit 48 may generate vectors and fetch predictive blocks in a manner similar to that described above in connection with motion estimation unit 42 and motion compensation unit 44, but with the predictive blocks being in the same frame as the current block being coded and with the vectors being referred to as block vectors as opposed to motion vectors.
  • intra BC unit 48 may determine an intra-prediction mode to use to encode a current block.
  • intra BC unit 48 may encode a current block using various intra-prediction modes, e.g., during separate encoding passes, and test their performance through rate-distortion analysis. Next, intra BC unit 48 may select, among the various tested intra-prediction modes, an appropriate intra- prediction mode to use and generate an intra-mode indicator accordingly.
  • intra BC unit 48 may calculate rate-distortion values using a rate-distortion analysis for the various tested intra-prediction modes, and select the intra-prediction mode having the best rate- distortion characteristics among the tested modes as the appropriate intra-prediction mode to use.
  • Rate-distortion analysis generally determines an amount of distortion (or error) between an encoded block and an original, unencoded block that was encoded to produce the encoded block, as well as a bitrate (i.e., a number of bits) used to produce the encoded block.
  • Intra BC unit 48 may calculate ratios from the distortions and rates for the various encoded blocks to determine which intra-prediction mode exhibits the best rate-distortion value for the block.
  • intra BC unit 48 may use motion estimation unit 42 and motion compensation unit 44, in whole or in part, to perform such functions for Intra BC prediction according to the implementations described herein.
  • a predictive block may be a block that is deemed as closely matching the block to be coded, in terms of pixel difference, which may be determined by sum of absolute difference (SAD), sum of squared difference (SSD), or other difference metrics, and identification of the predictive block may include calculation of values for sub-integer pixel positions.
  • video encoder 20 may form a residual video block by subtracting pixel values of the predictive block from the pixel values of the current video block being coded, forming pixel difference values.
  • the pixel difference values forming the residual video block may include both luma and chroma component differences.
  • Intra prediction processing unit 46 may intra-predict a current video block, as an alternative to the inter-prediction performed by motion estimation unit 42 and motion compensation unit 44, or the intra block copy prediction performed by intra BC unit 48, as described above.
  • intra prediction processing unit 46 may determine an intra prediction mode to use to encode a current block. To do so, intra prediction processing unit 46 may encode a current block using various intra prediction modes, e.g., during separate encoding passes, and intra prediction processing unit 46 (or a mode select unit, in some examples) may select an appropriate intra prediction mode to use from the tested intra prediction modes.
  • Intra prediction processing unit 46 may provide information indicative of the selected intra-prediction mode for the block to entropy encoding unit 56. Entropy encoding unit 56 may encode the information indicating the selected intra-prediction mode in the bitstream.
  • summer 50 forms a residual video block by subtracting the predictive block from the current video block.
  • the residual video data in the residual block may be included in one or more transform units (TUs) and is provided to transform processing unit 52.
  • Transform processing unit 52 transforms the residual video data into residual transform coefficients using a transform, such as a discrete cosine transform (DCT) or a conceptually similar transform.
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • Transform processing unit 52 may send the resulting transform coefficients to quantization unit 54.
  • Quantization unit 54 quantizes the transform coefficients to further reduce bit rate. The quantization process may also reduce the bit depth associated with some or all of the coefficients. The degree of quantization may be modified by adjusting a quantization parameter.
  • quantization unit 54 may then perform a scan of a matrix including the quantized transform coefficients.
  • entropy encoding unit 56 may perform the scan.
  • entropy encoding unit 56 entropy encodes the quantized transform coefficients into a video bitstream using, e.g., context adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), context adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CAB AC), syntax -based context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (SBAC), probability interval partitioning entropy (PIPE) coding or another entropy encoding methodology or technique.
  • CAVLC context adaptive variable length coding
  • CAB AC context adaptive binary arithmetic coding
  • SBAC syntax -based context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding
  • PIPE probability interval partitioning entropy
  • the encoded bitstream may then be transmitted to video decoder 30, or archived in storage device 32 for later transmission to or retrieval by video decoder 30.
  • Entropy encoding unit 56 may also entropy encode the motion vectors and the other syntax elements for the current video frame being coded.
  • Inverse quantization unit 58 and inverse transform processing unit 60 apply inverse quantization and inverse transformation, respectively, to reconstruct the residual video block in the pixel domain for generating a reference block for prediction of other video blocks.
  • motion compensation unit 44 may generate a motion compensated predictive block from one or more reference blocks of the frames stored in DPB 64. Motion compensation unit 44 may also apply one or more interpolation filters to the predictive block to calculate sub-integer pixel values for use in motion estimation.
  • Summer 62 adds the reconstructed residual block to the motion compensated predictive block produced by motion compensation unit 44 to produce a reference block for storage in DPB 64. The reference block may then be used by intra BC unit 48, motion estimation unit 42 and motion compensation unit 44 as a predictive block to inter predict another video block in a subsequent video frame.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoder 30 in accordance with some implementations of the present application.
  • Video decoder 30 includes video data memory 79, entropy decoding unit 80, prediction processing unit 81, inverse quantization unit 86, inverse transform processing unit 88, summer 90, and DPB 92.
  • Prediction processing unit 81 further includes motion compensation unit 82, intra prediction processing unit 84, and intra BC unit 85.
  • Video decoder 30 may perform a decoding process generally reciprocal to the encoding process described above with respect to video encoder 20 in connection with FIG. 2.
  • motion compensation unit 82 may generate prediction data based on motion vectors received from entropy decoding unit 80
  • intraprediction unit 84 may generate prediction data based on intra-prediction mode indicators received from entropy decoding unit 80.
  • a unit of video decoder 30 may be tasked to perform the implementations of the present application. Also, in some examples, the implementations of the present disclosure may be divided among one or more of the units of video decoder 30.
  • intra BC unit 85 may perform the implementations of the present application, alone, or in combination with other units of video decoder 30, such as motion compensation unit 82, intra prediction processing unit 84, and entropy decoding unit 80.
  • video decoder 30 may not include intra BC unit 85 and the functionality of intra BC unit 85 may be performed by other components of prediction processing unit 81, such as motion compensation unit 82.
  • Video data memory 79 may store video data, such as an encoded video bitstream, to be decoded by the other components of video decoder 30.
  • the video data stored in video data memory 79 may be obtained, for example, from storage device 32, from a local video source, such as a camera, via wired or wireless network communication of video data, or by accessing physical data storage media (e.g., a flash drive or hard disk).
  • Video data memory 79 may include a coded picture buffer (CPB) that stores encoded video data from an encoded video bitstream.
  • Decoded picture buffer (DPB) 92 of video decoder 30 stores reference video data for use in decoding video data by video decoder 30 (e.g., in intra or inter predictive coding modes).
  • Video data memory 79 and DPB 92 may be formed by any of a variety of memory devices, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), including synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), or other types of memory devices.
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • MRAM magneto-resistive RAM
  • RRAM resistive RAM
  • video data memory 79 and DPB 92 are depicted as two distinct components of video decoder 30 in FIG. 3. But it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that video data memory 79 and DPB 92 may be provided by the same memory device or separate memory devices.
  • video data memory 79 may be on-chip with other components of video decoder 30, or off-chip relative to those components.
  • video decoder 30 receives an encoded video bitstream that represents video blocks of an encoded video frame and associated syntax elements.
  • Video decoder 30 may receive the syntax elements at the video frame level and/or the video block level.
  • Entropy decoding unit 80 of video decoder 30 entropy decodes the bitstream to generate quantized coefficients, motion vectors or intra-prediction mode indicators, and other syntax elements. Entropy decoding unit 80 then forwards the motion vectors and other syntax elements to prediction processing unit 81.
  • intra prediction processing unit 84 of prediction processing unit 81 may generate prediction data for a video block of the current video frame based on a signaled intra prediction mode and reference data from previously decoded blocks of the current frame.
  • motion compensation unit 82 of prediction processing unit 81 produces one or more predictive blocks for a video block of the current video frame based on the motion vectors and other syntax elements received from entropy decoding unit 80.
  • Each of the predictive blocks may be produced from a reference frame within one of the reference frame lists.
  • Video decoder 30 may construct the reference frame lists, List 0 and List 1, using default construction techniques based on reference frames stored in DPB 92.
  • intra BC unit 85 of prediction processing unit 81 produces predictive blocks for the current video block based on block vectors and other syntax elements received from entropy decoding unit 80.
  • the predictive blocks may be within a reconstructed region of the same picture as the current video block defined by video encoder 20.
  • Motion compensation unit 82 and/or intra BC unit 85 determines prediction information for a video block of the current video frame by parsing the motion vectors and other syntax elements, and then uses the prediction information to produce the predictive blocks for the current video block being decoded. For example, motion compensation unit 82 uses some of the received syntax elements to determine a prediction mode (e.g., intra or inter prediction) used to code video blocks of the video frame, an inter prediction frame type (e.g., B or P), construction information for one or more of the reference frame lists for the frame, motion vectors for each inter predictive encoded video block of the frame, inter prediction status for each inter predictive coded video block of the frame, and other information to decode the video blocks in the current video frame.
  • a prediction mode e.g., intra or inter prediction
  • an inter prediction frame type e.g., B or P
  • intra BC unit 85 may use some of the received syntax elements, e.g., a flag, to determine that the current video block was predicted using the intra BC mode, construction information of which video blocks of the frame are within the reconstructed region and should be stored in DPB 92, block vectors for each intra BC predicted video block of the frame, intra BC prediction status for each intra BC predicted video block of the frame, and other information to decode the video blocks in the current video frame.
  • Motion compensation unit 82 may also perform interpolation using the interpolation filters as used by video encoder 20 during encoding of the video blocks to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of reference blocks. In this case, motion compensation unit 82 may determine the interpolation filters used by video encoder 20 from the received syntax elements and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.
  • Inverse quantization unit 86 inverse quantizes the quantized transform coefficients provided in the bitstream and entropy decoded by entropy decoding unit 80 using the same quantization parameter calculated by video encoder 20 for each video block in the video frame to determine a degree of quantization.
  • Inverse transform processing unit 88 applies an inverse transform, e.g., an inverse DCT, an inverse integer transform, or a conceptually similar inverse transform process, to the transform coefficients in order to reconstruct the residual blocks in the pixel domain.
  • an inverse transform e.g., an inverse DCT, an inverse integer transform, or a conceptually similar inverse transform process
  • summer 90 reconstructs decoded video block for the current video block by summing the residual block from inverse transform processing unit 88 and a corresponding predictive block generated by motion compensation unit 82 and intra BC unit 85.
  • An in-loop filter (not pictured) may be positioned between summer 90 and DPB 92 to further process the decoded video block.
  • the decoded video blocks in a given frame are then stored in DPB 92, which stores reference frames used for subsequent motion compensation of next video blocks.
  • DPB 92 or a memory device separate from DPB 92, may also store decoded video for later presentation on a display device, such as display device 34 of FIG. 1.
  • a video sequence typically includes an ordered set of frames or pictures.
  • Each frame may include three sample arrays, denoted SL, SCb, and SCr.
  • SL is a two-dimensional array of luma samples.
  • SCb is a two-dimensional array of Cb chroma samples.
  • SCr is a two-dimensional array of Cr chroma samples.
  • a frame may be monochrome and therefore includes only one two-dimensional array of luma samples.
  • video encoder 20 (or more specifically partition unit 45) generates an encoded representation of a frame by first partitioning the frame into a set of coding tree units (CTUs).
  • CTUs coding tree units
  • a video frame may include an integer number of CTUs ordered consecutively in a raster scan order from left to right and from top to bottom.
  • Each CTU is a largest logical coding unit and the width and height of the CTU are signaled by the video encoder 20 in a sequence parameter set, such that all the CTUs in a video sequence have the same size being one of 128x128, 64x64, 32x32, and 16x16. But it should be noted that the present application is not necessarily limited to a particular size.
  • each CTU may comprise one coding tree block (CTB) of luma samples, two corresponding coding tree blocks of chroma samples, and syntax elements used to code the samples of the coding tree blocks.
  • CTB coding tree block
  • a CTU may comprise a single coding tree block and syntax elements used to code the samples of the coding tree block.
  • a coding tree block may be an NxN block of samples.
  • video encoder 20 may recursively perform tree partitioning such as binary-tree partitioning, ternary-tree partitioning, quad-tree partitioning or a combination of both on the coding tree blocks of the CTU and divide the CTU into smaller coding units (CUs).
  • tree partitioning such as binary-tree partitioning, ternary-tree partitioning, quad-tree partitioning or a combination of both on the coding tree blocks of the CTU and divide the CTU into smaller coding units (CUs).
  • the 64x64 CTU 400 is first divided into four smaller CU, each having a block size of 32x32.
  • CU 410 and CU 420 are each divided into four CUs of 16x16 by block size.
  • the two 16x16 CUs 430 and 440 are each further divided into four CUs of 8x8 by block size.
  • each leaf node of the quad-tree corresponding to one CU of a respective size ranging from 32x32 to 8x8.
  • each CU may comprise a coding block (CB) of luma samples and two corresponding coding blocks of chroma samples of a frame of the same size, and syntax elements used to code the samples of the coding blocks.
  • CB coding block
  • a CU may comprise a single coding block and syntax structures used to code the samples of the coding block.
  • quad-tree partitioning depicted in FIGS. 4C and 4D is only for illustrative purposes and one CTU can be split into CUs to adapt to varying local characteristics based on quad/ternary/binary-tree partitions.
  • one CTU is partitioned by a quad-tree structure and each quad-tree leaf CU can be further partitioned by a binary and ternary tree structure.
  • FIG. 4E there are five partitioning types, i.e., quaternary partitioning, horizontal binary partitioning, vertical binary partitioning, horizontal ternary partitioning, and vertical ternary partitioning.
  • video encoder 20 may further partition a coding block of a CU into one or more MxN prediction blocks (PB).
  • a prediction block is a rectangular (square or non-square) block of samples on which the same prediction, inter or intra, is applied.
  • a prediction unit (PU) of a CU may comprise a prediction block of luma samples, two corresponding prediction blocks of chroma samples, and syntax elements used to predict the prediction blocks.
  • a PU may comprise a single prediction block and syntax structures used to predict the prediction block.
  • Video encoder 20 may generate predictive luma, Cb, and Cr blocks for luma, Cb, and Cr prediction blocks of each PU of the CU.
  • Video encoder 20 may use intra prediction or inter prediction to generate the predictive blocks for a PU. If video encoder 20 uses intra prediction to generate the predictive blocks of a PU, video encoder 20 may generate the predictive blocks of the PU based on decoded samples of the frame associated with the PU. If video encoder 20 uses inter prediction to generate the predictive blocks of a PU, video encoder 20 may generate the predictive blocks of the PU based on decoded samples of one or more frames other than the frame associated with the PU.
  • video encoder 20 may generate a luma residual block for the CU by subtracting the CU’s predictive luma blocks from its original luma coding block such that each sample in the CU’s luma residual block indicates a difference between a luma sample in one of the CU's predictive luma blocks and a corresponding sample in the CU's original luma coding block.
  • video encoder 20 may generate a Cb residual block and a Cr residual block for the CU, respectively, such that each sample in the CU's Cb residual block indicates a difference between a Cb sample in one of the CU's predictive Cb blocks and a corresponding sample in the CU's original Cb coding block and each sample in the CU's Cr residual block may indicate a difference between a Cr sample in one of the CU's predictive Cr blocks and a corresponding sample in the CU's original Cr coding block.
  • video encoder 20 may use quad-tree partitioning to decompose the luma, Cb, and Cr residual blocks of a CU into one or more luma, Cb, and Cr transform blocks.
  • a transform block is a rectangular (square or non-square) block of samples on which the same transform is applied.
  • a transform unit (TU) of a CU may comprise a transform block of luma samples, two corresponding transform blocks of chroma samples, and syntax elements used to transform the transform block samples.
  • each TU of a CU may be associated with a luma transform block, a Cb transform block, and a Cr transform block.
  • the luma transform block associated with the TU may be a sub-block of the CU's luma residual block.
  • the Cb transform block may be a sub-block of the CU's Cb residual block.
  • the Cr transform block may be a sub-block of the CU's Cr residual block.
  • a TU may comprise a single transform block and syntax structures used to transform the samples of the transform block.
  • Video encoder 20 may apply one or more transforms to a luma transform block of a TU to generate a luma coefficient block for the TU.
  • a coefficient block may be a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients.
  • a transform coefficient may be a scalar quantity.
  • Video encoder 20 may apply one or more transforms to a Cb transform block of a TU to generate a Cb coefficient block for the TU.
  • Video encoder 20 may apply one or more transforms to a Cr transform block of a TU to generate a Cr coefficient block for the TU.
  • After generating a coefficient block (e.g., a luma coefficient block, a Cb coefficient block or a Cr coefficient block), video encoder 20 may quantize the coefficient block.
  • Quantization generally refers to a process in which transform coefficients are quantized to possibly reduce the amount of data used to represent the transform coefficients, providing further compression.
  • video encoder 20 may entropy encode syntax elements indicating the quantized transform coefficients.
  • video encoder 20 may perform Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CAB AC) on the syntax elements indicating the quantized transform coefficients.
  • CAB AC Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
  • video encoder 20 may output a bitstream that includes a sequence of bits that forms a representation of coded frames and associated data, which is either saved in storage device 32 or transmitted to destination device 14.
  • video decoder 30 may parse the bitstream to obtain syntax elements from the bitstream. Video decoder 30 may reconstruct the frames of the video data based at least in part on the syntax elements obtained from the bitstream. The process of reconstructing the video data is generally reciprocal to the encoding process performed by video encoder 20. For example, video decoder 30 may perform inverse transforms on the coefficient blocks associated with TUs of a current CU to reconstruct residual blocks associated with the TUs of the current CU. Video decoder 30 also reconstructs the coding blocks of the current CU by adding the samples of the predictive blocks for PUs of the current CU to corresponding samples of the transform blocks of the TUs of the current CU. After reconstructing the coding blocks for each CU of a frame, video decoder 30 may reconstruct the frame.
  • palette-based coding is another coding scheme that has been adopted by many video coding standards.
  • a video coder e.g., video encoder 20 or video decoder 30
  • the palette table includes the most dominant (e.g., frequently used) pixel values in the given block. Pixel values that are not frequently represented in the video data of the given block are either not included in the palette table or included in the palette table as escape colors.
  • Each entry in the palette table includes an index for a corresponding pixel value that in the palette table.
  • the palette indices for samples in the block may be coded to indicate which entry from the palette table is to be used to predict or reconstruct which sample.
  • This palette mode starts with the process of generating a palette predictor for a first block of a picture, slice, tile, or other such grouping of video blocks.
  • the palette predictor for subsequent video blocks is typically generated by updating a previously used palette predictor.
  • the palette predictor is defined at a picture level. In other words, a picture may include multiple coding blocks, each having its own palette table, but there is one palette predictor for the entire picture.
  • a video decoder may utilize a palette predictor for determining new palette entries in the palette table used for reconstructing a video block.
  • the palette predictor may include palette entries from a previously used palette table or even be initialized with a most recently used palette table by including all entries of the most recently used palette table.
  • the palette predictor may include fewer than all the entries from the most recently used palette table and then incorporate some entries from other previously used palette tables.
  • the palette predictor may have the same size as the palette tables used for coding different blocks or may be larger or smaller than the palette tables used for coding different blocks.
  • the palette predictor is implemented as a first-in-first-out (FIFO) table including 64 palette entries.
  • a video decoder may receive, from the encoded video bitstream, a one-bit flag for each entry of the palette predictor.
  • the one-bit flag may have a first value (e.g., a binary one) indicating that the associated entry of the palette predictor is to be included in the palette table or a second value (e.g., a binary zero) indicating that the associated entry of the palette predictor is not to be included in the palette table. If the size of palette predictor is larger than the palette table used for a block of video data, then the video decoder may stop receiving more flags once a maximum size for the palette table is reached.
  • some entries in a palette table may be directly signaled in the encoded video bitstream instead of being determined using the palette predictor.
  • the video decoder may receive, from the encoded video bitstream, three separate m-bit values indicating the pixel values for the luma and two chroma components associated with the entry, where m represents the bit depth of the video data.
  • those palette entries derived from the palette predictor only require a one-bit flag. Therefore, signaling some or all palette entries using the palette predictor can significantly reduce the number of bits needed to signal the entries of a new palette table, thereby improving the overall coding efficiency of palette mode coding.
  • the palette predictor for one block is determined based on the palette table used to code one or more previously coded blocks. But when coding the first coding tree unit in a picture, a slice or a tile, the palette table of a previously coded block may not be available. Therefore a palette predictor cannot be generated using entries of the previously used palette tables. In such case, a sequence of palette predictor initializers may be signaled in a sequence parameter set (SPS) and/or a picture parameter set (PPS), which are values used to generate a palette predictor when a previously used palette table is not available.
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • An SPS generally refers to a syntax structure of syntax elements that apply to a series of consecutive coded video pictures called a coded video sequence (CVS) as determined by the content of a syntax element found in the PPS referred to by a syntax element found in each slice segment header.
  • a PPS generally refers to a syntax structure of syntax elements that apply to one or more individual pictures within a CVS as determined by a syntax element found in each slice segment header.
  • an SPS is generally considered to be a higher level syntax structure than a PPS, meaning the syntax elements included in the SPS generally change less frequently and apply to a larger portion of video data compared to the syntax elements included in the PPS.
  • FIGS. 5A through 5B are block diagrams illustrating examples of applying the technique of adaptive color-space transform (ACT) to transform residuals between RGB color space and YCgCo color space in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT adaptive color-space transform
  • ACT is applied to adaptively transform residuals from one color space (e.g., RGB) into another color space (e.g., YCgCo) such that the correlation (e.g., redundancy) between three color components (e.g., R, G, and B) are significantly reduced in the YCgCo color space.
  • the adaptation of different color spaces is carried out at transform unit (TU) level by signaling one flag tu act enabled Jlag for each TU.
  • the flag tu act enabled Jlag When the flag tu act enabled Jlag is equal to one, it indicates that the residuals of the current TU is coded in the YCgCo space; otherwise (i.e., the flag is equal to 0), it indicates that the residuals of the current TU is coded in the original color space (i.e., without color space conversion). Additionally, depending on whether the current TU is coded in lossless mode or in lossy mode, different color space transform formulas are applied. Specifically, the forward and the inverse color space transform formulas between the RGB color space and the YCgCo color space for lossy modes are defined in FIG. 5 A.
  • RGB-YCgCo transform also known as YCgCo-LS
  • YCgCo-LS reversible version of RGB-YCgCo transform
  • the forward and inverse color transform matrices used in lossy mode are not normalized. Therefore, the magnitude of the YCgCo signal is smaller than that of the original signal after the color transform is applied.
  • an adjusted quantization parameter is applied to the residuals in the YCgCo domain. Specifically, when the color space transform is applied, the QP values QP Y , QP cg and QP co , which are used to quantize the YCgCo domain residuals, are set to be QP - 5, QP - 5 and QP - 3 respectively, where QP is the quantization parameter used in the original color space.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of applying the technique of luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) in an exemplary video data decoding process in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
  • LMCS is used as a new coding tool applied before the in-loop filters (e.g., the de-blocking filter, the SAO and the ALF).
  • LMCS has two main modules: 1) in-loop mapping of the luma component based on adaptive piecewise linear models; 2) luma-dependent chroma residual scaling.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified decoding process with LMCS being applied.
  • decoding modules that are conducted in the mapped domain include the entropy decoding module, the inverse quantization module, the inverse transform module, the luma intra prediction module, and the luma sample reconstruction module (i.e., the addition of the luma prediction samples and the luma residual samples).
  • the decoding modules that are conducted in the original (i.e., non-mapped) domain include the motion compensated prediction module, the chroma intra prediction module, the chroma sample reconstruction module (i.e., the addition of the chroma prediction samples and the chroma residual samples), and all the in-loop filter modules such as the deblocking module, the SAO module, and the ALF module.
  • the new operational modules introduced by LMCS include the forward mapping module 610 of luma samples, the inverse mapping module 620 of luma samples, and the chroma residual scaling module 630.
  • the in-loop mapping of LMCS can adjust the dynamic range of the input signal to improve the coding efficiency.
  • the in-loop mapping of the luma samples in the existing LMCS design is built upon two mapping functions: one forward mapping function FwdMap and one corresponding inverse mapping function InvMap.
  • the forward mapping function is signaled from encoder to decoder using one piecewise linear model with sixteen equal-size pieces.
  • the inverse mapping function can be directly derived from the forward mapping function and therefore does not need to be signaled.
  • the parameters of luma mapping model are signaled at slice level. A presence flag is firstly signaled to indicate if luma mapping model is to be signaled for a current slice. If luma mapping model is present in the current slice, the corresponding piecewise linear model parameters are further signaled. Additionally, at slice level, another LMCS control flag is signaled to enable/disable LMCS for the slice.
  • Chroma residual scaling module 630 is designed to compensate for the interaction of quantization precision between the luma signal and its corresponding chroma signals when the in-loop mapping is applied to the luma signal. It is also signaled in the slice header whether chroma residual scaling is enabled or disabled for the current slice. If luma mapping is enabled, an additional flag is signaled to indicate if luma-dependent chroma residual scaling is applied or not. When luma mapping is not used, luma-dependent chroma residual scaling is always disabled and no additional flag is required. Additionally, the chroma residual scaling is always disabled for the CUs that contain less than or equal to four chroma samples.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary video decoding process by which a video decoder implements the technique of inverse adaptive color-space transform (ACT) in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT inverse adaptive color-space transform
  • FIG. 7 depicts the decoding flowchart in which how the inverse ACT is applied in the VVC framework through the addition of the inverse ACT module 710.
  • the entropy decoding, the inverse quantization and the inverse DCT/DST-based transform first apply to the CU. After that, as depicted in FIG.
  • the inverse ACT is invoked to convert the decoded residuals from YCgCo color space to the original color space (e.g., RGB and YCbCr). Additionally, because ACT in lossy mode are not normalized, the QP adjustments of (-5, -5, -3) are applied to Y, Cg and Co components to compensate the changed magnitude of transformed residuals.
  • ACT method reuses the same ACT core transforms of the HEVC to do the color conversion between different color spaces.
  • two different versions of color transforms are applied depending on whether a current CU is coded in lossy or lossless manner.
  • the forward and inverse color transforms for lossy case use the irreversible YCgCo transform matrix as depicted in FIG. 5 A.
  • the reversible color transform YCgCo-LS as shown in FIG. 5B is applied.
  • the following changes are introduced to the ACT scheme to handle its interaction with the other coding tools in the VVC standard.
  • ACT control flag is separately signaled for each TU to indicate whether the color space conversion needs to be applied or not.
  • one quadtree nested with binary and ternary partition structure is applied in the VVC to replace the multiple partition type concept, thus removing the separate CU, PU and TU partitions in the HEVC.
  • the ACT at CU level is enabled and disabled adaptively.
  • one flag cu_act_enabled_flag is signaled for each CU to select between the original color space and the YCgCo color space for coding the residuals of the CU. If the flag is equal to 1, it indicates that the residuals of all the TUs within the CU are coded in the YCgCo color space. Otherwise, if the flag cu_act_enabled_flag is equal to 0, all the residuals of the CU are coded in the original color space.
  • the ACT When the ACT is enabled for one CU, it needs to access the residuals of all three components to do the color space conversion.
  • the VVC design cannot guarantee that each CU always contain the information of three components.
  • the ACT in those cases where a CU does not contain the information of all three components, the ACT should be forcibly disabled.
  • the luma and chroma samples inside one CTU are partitioned into CUs based on separate partition structures.
  • the CUs in the luma partition tree only contain the coding information of luma component and the CUs in the chroma partition tree only contain the coding information of two chroma components.
  • the switch between single-tree and separate-tree partition structures is carried out at slice-level.
  • the ACT when it is found that the separate- tree is applied to one slice, the ACT will be always disabled for all the CUs inside the slice (both the luma CUs and chroma CUs) without signaling the ACT flag which is inferred to be zero instead.
  • the TU partition is only applied to the luma samples while the chroma samples are coded without further splitting into multiple TUs.
  • N number of ISP sub-partitions (i.e., TUs) for one intra CU
  • ACT is disabled under ISP mode. There are two ways to disable the ACT for the ISP mode. In the first method, the ACT enabling/disabling flag (i.e.
  • cu_act_enabled_flag is signaled before signaling the syntax of ISP mode.
  • the ISP mode signaling is used to bypass the signaling of the ACT flag. Specifically, in this method, the ISP mode is signaled prior to the flag cu_act_enabled_flag .
  • the flag cu_act_enabled_flag is not signaled and inferred to be zero.
  • the flag cu_act_enabled_flag will be still signaled to adaptively select the color space for the residual coding of the CU.
  • the LMCS in addition to forcibly disable the ACT for the CUs where luma and chroma partition structure are misaligned, the LMCS is disabled for the CUs where the ACT is applied.
  • both the luma mapping and chroma residual scaling are disabled when one CU select YCgCo color space to code its residuals (i.e., the ACT is one).
  • both the luma mapping and chroma residual scaling are enabled for the CUs which applies the ACT for coding its residuals.
  • the chroma residual scaling is applied before the inverse ACT at decoding. By this method, it means that when the ACT is applied the chroma residual scaling is applied to the chroma residuals in the YCgCo domain (i.e., Cg and Co residuals).
  • the chroma residual scaling is applied after the inverse ACT.
  • the chroma scaling is applied to the residuals in the original color spaces. Assuming input video is captured in RGB format, it means that the chroma residual scaling is applied to the residuals of B and R components.
  • a syntax element e.g., sps act enabled flag
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • ACT ACT is enabled or not at the sequence level.
  • the color-space conversion is applied to video content whose luma and chroma components have the same resolution (e.g., 4:4:4 chroma format 4:4:4)
  • one bitstream conformance requirement needs to be added such that ACT can be enabled only for 4:4:4 chroma format.
  • Table 1 illustrates the modified SPS syntax table with the above syntax added.
  • sps act enabled Jlag 1 indicates ACT is enabled and sps act enabled Jlag equal to 0 indicates that ACT is disabled such that the flag cu_act_enabled_flag is not signaled for the CUs that refers to the SPS but inferred to be 0.
  • ChromaArrayType is not equal to 3
  • the signaling of the flag is conditioned on the chroma type of the input signal. Specifically, given that ACT can only be applied when luma and chroma components are in the same resolution, the flag sps act enabled Jlag is only signaled when the input video is captured in the 4:4:4 chroma format. With such change, the modified SPS syntax table is:
  • the syntax design specification for decoding video data using ACT is illustrated in the following table.
  • the flag cu_act_enabled_flag 1 indicates that the residuals of the coding unit are coded in the YCgCo color space and the flag cu_act_enabled_flag equal to 0 indicates that the residuals of the coding unit are coded in the original color space (e.g., RGB or YCbCr).
  • the flag cu_act_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to be equal to 0.
  • a transform skip mode can be applied to both the luma and chroma components. Based on such design, in some embodiments, three methods are used in the following to handle the interaction between the ACT and the transform skip.
  • the transform skip mode when the transform skip mode is enabled for one ACT CU, the transform skip mode is only applied to the luma component but not applied to the chroma components.
  • the syntax design specification for such method is illustrated in the following table.
  • the transform skip mode is applied to both the luma and chroma components.
  • the syntax design specification for such method is illustrated in the following table.
  • the transform skip mode is always disabled when the ACT is enabled to one CU.
  • the syntax design specification for such method is illustrated in the following table.
  • FIGS. 8 A and 8B are block diagrams illustrating exemplary video decoding processes by which a video decoder implements the technique of inverse adaptive color-space transform (ACT) and luma mapping with chroma scaling in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • the video bitstream is coded using both ACT (e.g., inverse ACT 710 in FIG. 7) and chroma residual scaling (e.g., chroma residual scaling 630 in FIG. 6).
  • the video bitstream is coded using chroma residual scaling but not both ACT, thereby not requiring the inverse ACT 710.
  • FIG. 8 A depicts an embodiment in which the video coder performs chroma residual scaling 630 before inverse ACT 710.
  • the video coder performs luma mapping with chroma residual scaling 630 in the color-space transformed domain. For example, assuming that the input video is captured in RGB format and is transformed into YCgCo color space, the video coder performs chroma residual scaling 630 on the chroma residuals Cg and Co according to the luma residuals Y in the YCgCo color space.
  • FIG. 8B depicts an alternative embodiment in which the video coder performs chroma residual scaling 630 after the inverse ACT 710.
  • the video coder performs luma mapping with chroma residual scaling 630 in the original color-space domain. For example, assuming the input video is captured in RGB format, the video coder applies chroma residual scaling on the B and R components.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary decoding logics between performing adaptive color-space transform (ACT) and block differential pulse coded modulation (BDPCM) in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • ACT adaptive color-space transform
  • BDPCM block differential pulse coded modulation
  • BDPCM is a coding tool for screen content coding.
  • a BDPCM enable flag is signaled in the SPS at the sequence level.
  • the BDPCM enable flag is signaled only if the transform skip mode is enabled in the SPS.
  • a flag is transmitted at the CU level if the CU size is smaller than or equal to MaxTsSize x MaxTsSize in terms of luma samples and if the CU is intra coded, where MaxTsSize is the maximum block size for which the transform skip mode is allowed. This flag indicates whether regular intra coding or BDPCM is used. If BDPCM is used, another BDPCM prediction direction flag is further transmitted to indicate whether the prediction is horizontal or vertical. Then, the block is predicted using the regular horizontal or vertical intra prediction process with unfiltered reference samples. The residual is quantized and the difference between each quantized residual and its predictor, i.e.
  • the predicted quantized residual values are sent to the decoder using the same residual coding process as that in transform skip mode residual coding. In terms of the
  • MPM mode for future intra mode coding horizontal or vertical prediction mode is stored for a BDPCM-coded CU if BDPCM prediction direction is horizontal or vertical, respectively.
  • BDPCM can be applied to both luma and chroma components by signaling two separate flags, i.e., intra_bdpcm_luma_flag and intra_bdpcm_chroma_flag , for luma and chroma channel at CU-level.
  • the video coder performs different logics to better handle the interaction between ACT and BDPCM. For example, when ACT is applied to one intra CU, BDPCM is enabled for luma component but disabled for chroma components (910).
  • the corresponding modified syntax table of coding unit is illustrated as follows:
  • BDPCM is enabled for both luma and chroma components when ACT is applied to one intra CU (920).
  • the corresponding modified syntax table of coding unit is illustrated as follows:
  • BDPCM is disabled for both luma and chroma components when ACT is applied to one intra CU (930). In such case, there is no need for signaling the BDPCM related syntax element.
  • the corresponding modified syntax table of coding unit is illustrated as follows:
  • the ACT is handled with lossless coding.
  • lossless mode of one CU is indicated by signaling one CU-level flag cu_transquant_bypass_flag to be one.
  • one different lossless enabling method is applied. Specifically, when one CU is coded in lossless mode, it only needs to skip transform and use the quantization step-size to one. This can be achieved by signaling the CU-level QP value to one and signaling the TU- level transform skip flag to one. Therefore, in one embodiment of the disclosure, the lossy ACT transform and lossless ACT transform are switched for one CU/TU according to the values of transform skip flag and the QP values. When the flag transform skip flag is equal to one and the QP value is equal to 4, the lossless ACT transform is applied; otherwise, the lossy version of the ACT transform is applied, as indicated below.
  • ACT transform matrices are used for lossy and lossless coding.
  • the lossless ACT transform matrix is used for both lossy and lossless coding.
  • additional 1-bit right shift is applied to Cg and Co components after forward ACT transform while 1-bit left shift is applied to Cg and Co components before inverse ACT transform.
  • transform skip flag is equal to 0 or QP is not equal to 4
  • QP offsets (-5, -5, -3) are applied to Y, Cg and Co components. Therefore, for small input QP values (e.g., ⁇ 5), negative QPs will be used for quantization/dequantization of ACT transform coefficients, which are not defined.
  • the lossless coding in the VVC is done in one pure non- normative way, i.e., skipping the transform of prediction residuals (enabling transform skip mode for luma and chroma components), selecting an appropriate QP value (i.e., 4) and explicitly disabling the coding tools that prevent lossless coding such as in-loop filters.
  • one unified ACT design is implemented as follows. Firstly, the lossless ACT forward and inverse transforms are applied for the CUs that are coded in both lossy mode and lossless mode. Secondly, rather than using the fixed QP offsets, the QP offsets (i.e., three QP offsets that applied to Y, Cg and Co components) are explicitly signaled that are applied to ACT CUs in bitstream. Thirdly, to prevent the possible overflow issue of the QPs that are applied to ACT CUs, clipping operations are applied to the resulting QPs of each ACT CU to valid QP range.
  • the QP offsets i.e., three QP offsets that applied to Y, Cg and Co components
  • the selection between lossy coding and lossless coding can be realized by purely encoder-only modifications (i.e., using different encoder settings).
  • the decoding operation is the same for both lossy and lossless coding of an ACT CU.
  • the encoder only needs to signal the values of three QP offsets as zeros.
  • the encoder may signal non-zero QP offsets.
  • the QP offsets (-5, 1, 3) may be signaled for Y, Cg and Co components when the ACT is applied.
  • the ACT QP offsets can be signaled at different coding levels, for instance, sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), picture header, coding block group level and so forth, which can provide different QP adaptation at different granularities.
  • SPS sequence parameter set
  • PPS picture parameter set
  • picture header picture header
  • coding block group level coding block group level
  • one high-level control flag is added at SPS or PPS (e.g ., picture_header_act_qp_offset _present_flag).
  • the flag When the flag is equal to zero, it means the QP offsets that are signaled in SPS or PPS will be applied to all the CUs that are coded in the ACT mode. Otherwise, when the flag is equal to one, additional QP offset syntax (e.g., picture_header_y_qp_offset_plus5, picture header cg qp offset minusl and picture_header_co_qp_offset_minus3) may be further signaled in picture header to separately control the applied QP values to the ACT CUs in one specific picture.
  • additional QP offset syntax e.g., picture_header_y_qp_offset_plus5, picture header cg qp offset minusl and picture_header_co_qp_offset_minus3
  • the signaled QP offsets should be also applied to clip the final ACT QP values to the valid dynamic range.
  • different clipping range may be applied to CUs that are coded with transform and without transform. For instance, when transforms are not applied, the final QP should be no smaller than 4.
  • the ACT QP offsets are signaled in SPS level, the corresponding QP value derivation process for the ACT CUs can be described as below:
  • QpY ( ( qPY_PRED + CuQpDeltaVal + 64 + 2 * QpBdOffset + sps_act_y_qp_offset ) % ( 64 + QpBdOffset ) ) - QpBdOffset
  • Qp' Cb Clip3( -QpBdOffset, 63, qP Cb + pps_cb_qp_offset + slice cb qp offset + CuQpOff set Cb + sps_act_cg_offset) + QpBdOffset
  • Qp' Cr Clip3( -QpBdOffset, 63, qP Cr + pps_cr_qp_offset + slice cr qp offset + CuQpOffset Cr + sps_act_co_offset) + QpBdOffset
  • Qp'c bCr Clip3( -QpBdOffset, 63, qP CbCr + pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset + slice_joint_cbcr_qp_offset +CuQpOffset CbCr + sps_act_cg_offset) + QpBdOffset
  • the ACT enabling/disabling flag is signaled at the SPS level while signaling the ACT QP offsets in the PPS level to allow more flexibilities for the encoder to adjust the QP offsets that are applied to the ACT CUs in order to improve the coding efficiency.
  • the SPS and PPS syntax tables with the described changes are present in the following table.
  • pps act qp offset present flag 1 specifies that p p s act y q p off set p 1 u s 5 , pps act cg qp offset minusl and pps_act_co_qp_offset_minus3 are present in the bitstream.
  • p p s act q p off s et_p re s en t_fl ag is equal to 0
  • pps act cg qp offset minusl and pps_act_co_qp_offset_minus3 are not present in the bitstream. It is bitstream conformance that the value of p p s act q p off set p re s en t_fl ag should be 0 when sps act enabled flag is equal to 0.
  • pps_act_y_qp_offset_plus5 pps act cg qp offset minusl and pps_act_co_qp_offset_minus3 are used to determine the offsets that are applied to the values of quantization parameter used for luma and chroma components of coding block whose cu act enabled flag is equal to 1.
  • pps act cg qp offset minusl and pps_act_cr_qp_offset_minus3 are inferred to be equal to 0.
  • the same QP offset values are applied to the ACT CUs when the joint coding of chroma residuals (JCCR) mode is either applied or not.
  • JCCR chroma residuals
  • Such design may not be optimal given that only the residuals of one signal chroma components are coded in the JCCR mode. Therefore, to achieve one better coding gain, one different QP offset may be applied to code the residuals of chroma components when the JCCR mode is applied to one ACT CU. Based on such consideration, one separate QP offset signaling is added in the PPS for the JCCR mode, as specified as below.
  • pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset is used to determine the offset that are applied to the values of quantization parameter used for chroma residuals of coding block where joint chroma residual coding is applied.
  • the value of pps joint cbcr qp offset is inferred to be equal to 0.
  • FIG. 10 shows a method of handling the ACT when the internal luma and chroma bit-depths are different.
  • FIG. 10 is a decoding flowchart of applying different QP offsets for different components when the luma and chroma internal bit-depths are different in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • the quantization step size increase about 2 1/6 times with each increment of QP and exactly doubles for every 6 increments.
  • the second method to compensate the internal bit-depth between luma and chroma, it is implemented to increase the QP value that is used to the component with smaller internal bit- depth by 6D where D is the difference between luma and chroma internal bit-depth. Then, the residuals of the component are then shifted back to the original dynamic range by applying right shifts of D bits.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the corresponding decoding process when the above method is applied.
  • encoder speed-up logics are implemented. To select the color space for the residual coding of one CU, the most straightforward approach is to let encoder check each coding mode (e.g., intra coding mode, inter coding mode and IBC mode) twice, one with the ACT being enabled and the other with the ACT being disabled. This could approximately double the encoding complexity. To further reduce the encoding complexity of the ACT, the following encoder speed-up logics are implemented in this disclosure:
  • the YCgCo space is a more compact than the RGB space
  • the input video is in the RGB format
  • it is implemented to firstly check the rate-distortion (R-D) cost of enabling the ACT tool and then check the R-D cost of disabling the ACT tool.
  • the calculation of R-D cost of disabling the color space transform is only conducted if there is at least one non-zero coefficient when the ACT is enabled.
  • the input video is in the YCbCr format, it is implemented to check the R-D cost of disabling the ACT followed the R-D check of enabling the ACT.
  • the second R-D check i.e., enabling the ACT
  • enabling the ACT is only performed when there is at least one non-zero coefficient when the ACT is disabled.
  • RGB color space will be skipped if its parent CU selects YCgCo color space and the RD cost of YCgCo is much smaller than that of RGB, and vice versa.
  • 4:4:4 video coding efficiency is improved by enabling luma-only coding tools for chroma components. Because the main focus of the VVC design is for videos captured in 4:2:0 chroma format, most of the existing inter/intra coding tools are only enabled for luma component but disabled for chroma components. But as discussed earlier, video signals in 4:4:4 chroma format show quite different characteristics when compared to 4:2:0 video signals. For instance, similar to luma component, Cb/B and Cr/R components of 4:4:4 YCbCr/RGB videos often contains useful high-frequency textures and edge information.
  • the luma interpolation filters are enabled for the chroma components.
  • the VVC standard utilizes motion compensated prediction technique to exploit the redundancy between temporal neighboring pictures, which supports motion vectors as accurate as one sixteen pixel for Y component and one thirty-two pixel for Cb and Cr components.
  • the fractional samples are interpolated using a set of separable 8-tap filters.
  • the fractional interpolation of Cb and Cr components is essentially the same as that of Y component, except that separable 4-tap filters are used for the case of 4:2:0 video format.
  • the existing 4-tap chroma interpolation filters may not be efficient for interpolating fractional samples for the motion compensated prediction of chroma components in 4:4:4 videos. Therefore, in one embodiment of the disclosure, it is implemented to use the same set of 8-tap interpolation filters (that are used for luma component in 4:2:0 videos) for the fractional sample interpolations of both luma and chroma components in 4:4:4 videos. In another embodiment, for a better tradeoff between coding efficiency and complexity, it is implemented to enable adaptive interpolation filter selection for chroma samples in 4:4:4 videos.
  • one interpolation filter selection flag may be signaled in SPS, PPS and/or slice level to indicate whether the 8-tap interpolation filters (or other interpolation filters) or the default 4-tap interpolation filters are used for the chroma components at various coding levels.
  • the PDPC and MRL are enabled for the chroma components.
  • the position-dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) tool in the VVC extends the above idea by employing weighted combination of intra prediction samples with unfiltered reference samples.
  • the PDPC is enabled for the following intra modes without signaling: planar, DC, horizontal (i.e., mode 18), vertical (i.e., mode 50), angular directions close to the bottom-left diagonal directions (i.e., mode 2, 3, 4,
  • pred(x,y) ( wL x R-l,y + wT x Rx,-1 - wTL x R-1,-1 + (64 - wL - wT + wTL) x pred(x,y) + 32 ) » 6
  • Rx,-1, R-l,y represent the reference samples located at the top and left of current sample (x, y), respectively
  • R-1,-1 represents the reference sample located at the top-left comer of the current block.
  • the weights wL, wT and wTL in the above equation are adaptively selected depending on prediction mode and sample position, as described as follows where the current coding block is assumed to be in the size of W c H:
  • MRL multi-reference line
  • the PDPC tool is only employed by the luma component to reduce/remove the discontinuity between the intra prediction samples and its reference samples derived from reconstructed neighboring samples.
  • a tool like PDPC that uses the weighted average of unfiltered reference samples and intra prediction samples to improve the prediction quality should be also beneficial for improving the chroma coding efficiency of 4:4:4 videos. Based on such consideration, in one embodiment of the disclosure it is implemented to enable the PDPC process for the intra prediction of chroma components in 4:4:4 videos.
  • the MRL cannot be applied to the chroma components.
  • it is implemented to enable the MRL for the chroma components for 4:4:4 videos by signaling one MRL index for the chroma components of one intra CU.
  • Different methods may be used based on this embodiment.
  • one additional MRL index may be signaled and shared by both Cb/B and Cr/R components.
  • it is implemented to signal two MRL indices, one for each chroma component.
  • it is implemented to reuse the luma MRL index for the intra prediction of chroma components such that no additional MRL signaling is needed to enable the MRL for the chroma components.
  • the ISP is enabled for the chroma components.
  • one coding tool called sub-partition prediction (ISP) is introduced into VVC to further improve intra coding efficiency.
  • ISP sub-partition prediction
  • Conventional intra mode only utilizes the reconstructed samples neighboring to one CU to generate the intra prediction samples of the block. Based on such design, the spatial correlation between the predicted samples and the reference samples is roughly proportional to the distance between them. Therefore, the samples at the inner part (especially the samples located at the bottom-right corner of the block) usually have a worse prediction quality than the samples that are close to the block boundaries.
  • the ISP divides the current CU into 2 or 4 subblocks in either horizontal or vertical direction and each sub-block contains at least 16 samples.
  • the reconstructed samples in one subblock can be used as references to predict the samples in the next subblock.
  • the above process is repeated until all the subblocks within the current CU are coded.
  • all the subblocks inside one ISP CU shares the same intra mode.
  • the subblock partition is only applicable to the luma component. Specifically, only the luma samples of one ISP CU can be further split into multiple subblocks (or TUs) and each luma subblocks are separately coded.
  • the chroma samples of the ISP CU are not divided. In other words, for chroma components, the CU is used as the processing unit for intra prediction, transform, quantization and entropy coding without further partitioning.
  • the TU partition is only applied to luma samples while the chroma samples are coded without further splitting into multiple TUs.
  • it is implemented to also enable the ISP mode for chroma coding in 4:4:4 videos.
  • Different methods may be used based on this embodiment. In one method, one additional ISP index is signaled and shared by two chroma components. In another method, it is implemented to separately signal two additional ISP indices, one for Cb/B and the other for Cr/R. In the third method, it is implemented to reuse the ISP index that is used for luma components for the ISP prediction of the two chroma components.
  • Matrix based intra prediction is enabled for the chroma components as a new intra prediction technique.
  • MIP For predicting the samples of a rectangular block of width W and height H, MIP takes one line of H reconstructed neighboring boundary samples left of the block and one line of W reconstructed neighbouring boundary samples above the block as input. If the reconstructed samples are unavailable, they are generated as it is done in the conventional intra prediction.
  • the MIP mode is only enabled for the luma components. Due to the same reasons of enabling ISP mode for chroma components, in one embodiment, it is implemented to enable the MIP for chroma components for 444 videos. Two signaling methods may be applied. In the first method, it is implemented to separately signal two MIP modes, one used for luma component and the other used for two chroma components. In the second method, it is implemented to only signal one single MIP mode shared by luma and chroma components.
  • MTS Multiple Transform Selection
  • a MTS scheme is used for residual coding both inter and intra coded blocks. It uses multiple selected transforms from the DCT8/DST7.
  • the newly introduced transform matrices are DST-VII and DCT-VIII.
  • the MTS tool is only enabled for the luma components.
  • it is implemented to enable the MIP for the chroma components for 444 videos.
  • Two signaling methods may be applied. In the first method, it is implemented to separately signal two transform indices when the MTS is enabled for one CU, one used for luma component and the other used for two chroma components. In the second method, it is implemented to signal one transform index when the MTS is enabled which is shared by luma and chroma components.
  • a luma-to-chroma mapping table is transmitted from the encoder to the decoder in VVC standard, which is defined by several pivot points of a piecewise linear function. Specifically, the syntax elements and reconstruction process of a luma-to-chroma mapping table are described as below:
  • Table 13 The syntax elements and reconstruction process of a luma-to-chroma mapping table
  • same_qp_table_for_chroma 1 specifies that only one chroma QP mapping table is signaled and this table applies to Cb and Cr residuals and additionally to joint Cb-Cr residuals when spsjoint cbcr enabled flag is equal to 1.
  • same qp table for chroma 0 specifies that chroma QP mapping tables, two for Cb and Cr, and one additional for joint Cb-Cr when sps joint cbcr enabled flag is equal to 1, are signaled in the SPS.
  • same qp table for chroma is not present in the bitstream, the value of same qp table for chroma is inferred to be equal to 1.
  • qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] plus 26 specifies the starting luma and chroma QP used to describe the i-th chroma QP mapping table.
  • the value of qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] shall be in the range of -26 - QpBdOffset to 36 inclusive.
  • the value of qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] is inferred to be equal to 0.
  • num_points_in_qp_table_minusl[ i ] plus 1 specifies the number of points used to describe the i-th chroma QP mapping table.
  • the value of num points in qp table minusl [ i ] shall be in the range of 0 to 63 + QpBdOffset, inclusively.
  • the value of num points in qp table minusl [ 0 ] is inferred to be equal to 0.
  • delta_qp_in_val_minusl[ i ][ j ] specifies a delta value used to derive the input coordinate of the j-th pivot point of the i-th chroma QP mapping table.
  • delta_qp_in_val_minusl[ 0 ][ j ] is not present in the bitstream, the value of delta_qp_in_val_minusl[ 0 ][ j ] is inferred to be equal to 0.
  • delta_qp_diff_val[ i ][ j ] specifies a delta value used to derive the output coordinate of the j-th pivot point of the i-th chroma QP mapping table.
  • ChromaQpTablef i ][ k ] Clip3( -QpBdOffset, 63,
  • ChromaQpTablef i ][ k ] ChromaQpTablef i ][ qpInVal[ i ][ j ] ] +
  • ChromaQpTablef i ][ k ] Clip3( -QpBdOffset, 63,
  • an improved luma-to-chroma mapping function for
  • RGB videos is disclosed herein.
  • Table 14 illustrates the luma- to-chroma QP mapping function that is applied in VTM-7.1 for RGB coding.
  • Table 14 The luma-to-chroma QP mapping table used for RGB coding in
  • unequal QP values are used for coding the luma and the chroma components.
  • the unequal QP values have impacts on not only the quantization/de-quantization process but also the decisions that are made during a rate-distortion (R-D) optimization, given that the weighted chroma distortion is used when calculating the R-D cost for mode decision, as specified by the following equation.
  • SSE luma and SSE chroma are the distortion of luma and chroma components, respectively;
  • R m0 de is the number of bits;
  • ⁇ mode is Lagrange multiplier;
  • W chroma is weighting parameter for chroma distortion which is calculated as
  • Table 15 The luma-to-chroma QP mapping table used for RGB coding
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart 1100 illustrating an exemplary process by which a video decoder (e.g., video decoder 30) decodes the video data by using a luma-to-chroma quantization parameter (QP) mapping table based on a set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
  • a video decoder e.g., video decoder 30
  • QP luma-to-chroma quantization parameter
  • the video decoder 30 obtains, from the data bitstream, a set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements (1110).
  • the video decoder 30 generates a luma-to-chroma quantization parameter (QP) mapping table based on the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements, wherein the luma-to-chroma QP mapping table sets a quantization parameter (QP c ) of a chroma component equal to a quantization parameter (QP L ) of a corresponding luma component (1120).
  • QP quantization parameter
  • the video decoder 30 obtains, from the data bitstream, QP L of a luma component of a coding unit (1130).
  • the video decoder 30 determines QP c of a chroma component of the coding unit as the same as the QP L of the luma component of the coding unit according to the luma-to-chroma QP mapping table (1140).
  • the video decoder 30 codes the luma component and the chroma component of the coding unit from the data bitstream using the QP L and the QP c (1150).
  • the video data is captured in RGB format before coding.
  • the internal coding bit-depth is 10-bit and the luma-to- chroma QP mapping table is shown below:
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements is carried out at a sequence level in a sequence parameter set.
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements comprises same qp table for chroma equal to 1 that specifies that only one luma-to -chroma QP mapping table is signaled which applies to Cb and Cr residuals.
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements comprises spsjoint cbcr enabled flag equal to 1 that specifies the only one luma-to -chroma QP mapping table is signaled which applies additionally to residuals of joint Cb-Cr mode.
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements comprises qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] plus 26 that specifies starting luma QP used to describe i-th luma-to -chroma QP mapping table.
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements comprises num points in qp table minus l [ i ] plus 1 that specifies number of points used to describe i-th luma-to -chroma QP mapping table.
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements comprises delta_qp_in_val_minusl[ i ][ j ] that specifies a delta value used to derive an input coordinate of j-th pivot point of i-th luma-to -chroma QP mapping table.
  • the set of luma-to-chroma quantization parameter syntax elements comprises delta_qp_diff_val[ i ][ j ] that specifies a delta value used to derive an output coordinate of j-th pivot point of i-th luma-to -chroma QP mapping table.
  • Computer- readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another, e.g., according to a communication protocol.
  • computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangible computer-readable storage media that is non-transitory or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave.
  • Data storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementation of the implementations described in the present application.
  • a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.
  • first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
  • a first electrode could be termed a second electrode, and, similarly, a second electrode could be termed a first electrode, without departing from the scope of the implementations.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are both electrodes, but they are not the same electrode.

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Abstract

Un appareil électronique réalise un procédé de décodage de données vidéo qui consiste : à obtenir, à partir d'un train de bits, un ensemble d'éléments de syntaxe de paramètre de quantification de luminance à chrominance; à générer une table de mappage de paramètre de quantification (QP) de luminance à chrominance sur la base de l'ensemble d'éléments de syntaxe de paramètre de quantification de luminance à chrominance, la table de mappage de QP de luminance à chrominance définissant un paramètre de quantification (QPc) d'une composante de chrominance égale à un paramètre de quantification (QPL) d'une composante de luminance correspondante; à obtenir, à partir du train de bits de données, un QPL d'une composante de luminance d'une unité de codage; à déterminer que le QPc d'une composante de chrominance de l'unité de codage comme est identique au QPL de la composante de luminance de l'unité de codage selon la table de mappage QP de luminance à chrominance; et à décoder la composante de luminance et la composante de chrominance de l'unité de codage à partir du train de bits de données à l'aide du QPL et du QPc.
PCT/US2020/067200 2019-12-27 2020-12-28 Procédés et appareil de codage vidéo dans un format de chrominance 4:4:4 WO2021134072A1 (fr)

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