WO2021129920A1 - Dispositif de capteur et procédé pour mesurer l'épaisseur d'un fluide gazeux - Google Patents

Dispositif de capteur et procédé pour mesurer l'épaisseur d'un fluide gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129920A1
WO2021129920A1 PCT/EP2019/086900 EP2019086900W WO2021129920A1 WO 2021129920 A1 WO2021129920 A1 WO 2021129920A1 EP 2019086900 W EP2019086900 W EP 2019086900W WO 2021129920 A1 WO2021129920 A1 WO 2021129920A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
sensor
branch
gaseous fluid
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/086900
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Isabelle Raible
Chi Trung NGO
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to PCT/EP2019/086900 priority Critical patent/WO2021129920A1/fr
Priority to DE112019007990.5T priority patent/DE112019007990T5/de
Publication of WO2021129920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129920A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G01N33/0019—Sample conditioning by preconcentration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a gaseous fluid sensor device and a method for monitoring the properties of a gaseous fluid.
  • smoke detectors are used for fire detection, since they detect smoke which is an indicator of fire.
  • Known smoke detectors are bulky, expensive and often employ the use of radioactive sources.
  • ionization smoke detectors use radioisotope americium-241 to ionize air, and a current difference due to the presence of smoke indicates the presence of a fire.
  • a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor is incorporated within the smoke detector, but not often, due to the cost of the CO sensor and its relatively large size.
  • the present disclosure relates to a gaseous fluid sensor device and a method for monitoring the properties of a gaseous fluid.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device is a fire detector.
  • a gaseous fluid sensor device for measuring a property of a gaseous fluid comprising a plurality of components.
  • a property of the gaseous fluid may include a particle size and a concentration of particulate matter, a type of a gas and/or a concentration of a gas.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device may include a fluid channel configured to allow a gaseous fluid flow.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device may also include a channel branch in fluid connection with the fluid channel, and configured to allow a branch flow from the fluid channel at the branch connection.
  • the fluid channel may further include a first sensor configured to measure the property of one component of the plurality of components of the gaseous fluid.
  • the channel branch may further include a filter to modify the concentration of the one component of the plurality of components, thereby providing a modified concentration gaseous fluid to the first sensor.
  • Various embodiments concern a method for monitoring a property of a gaseous fluid, the gaseous fluid comprising a plurality of components.
  • a property of the gaseous fluid may include the particle size and the concentration of particulate matter, a type of a gas and/or the concentration of a gas.
  • the method may include obtaining a first measurement of the property of one component of the plurality of components with the first sensor and determining if the first measurement is saturated.
  • the method may further include, when it is determined that the first measurement is saturated, modifying the branch flow to modify the concentration of the one component thereby providing a modified concentration gaseous fluid to the first sensor and/or the second sensor.
  • the modification of the branch flow may include reducing the concentration of one component of the plurality of components.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a comparative example of a particulate matter sensor
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a gaseous fluid sensor device 10, in accordance with various embodiments
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 including a first sensor 18 and a channel branch 16 to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to the first sensor 18, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 4A and 4B shows schematic illustrations of a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 including a first sensor 18 and a second sensor 19, and a channel branch 16 to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to the second sensor 19, in accordance with various embodiments;
  • FIG. 5 shows a plot comparison of the signals generated by a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 and a comparative reference sensor during a fire, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph illustrating the desorption kinetics of different gases on a gaseous fluid sensor device 10, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to the various aspects of the disclosure such as a sensor device and a method of operating the sensor device. Embodiments and explanations thereof disclosed in connection with one embodiment may be applicable to other embodiments. For example, embodiments and explanations to the system may be applicable to the method.
  • the property of the gaseous fluid may include a type of gas, a particle size, a distribution of particle size, or a concentration of particle sizes.
  • the gaseous fluid may include particulate matter with a particle size concentration, and wherein the concentration of one or more particle sizes may be chosen as a property of the gaseous fluid.
  • the gaseous fluid may include a gas, or a composition of gases.
  • the gaseous fluid may include air.
  • the properties of the gaseous fluid may include the concentration of a gas component, for example the concentration of carbon monoxide.
  • concentration used in connection with particles, may mean particle counts per second for a pre-determined flow rate.
  • the property of the gaseous fluid may also include a type of the gas.
  • gas components within the gaseous fluid may include carbon monoxide.
  • the term “size” as used in conjunction with particle or particular matter may include the meaning of particle size distribution.
  • the measurement of a particle size may be the measurement of a size distribution, for example PM 2 5
  • the plurality of components may include at least, a first component and a second component within the gaseous fluid.
  • the first component may include particulate matter.
  • the second component may include a gas.
  • the plurality of components may further include an aerosol, and wherein the aerosol may be a mixture of the first component and the second component amongst other components.
  • the aerosol may include a suspension of particulate matter in air or a gas.
  • the first component may be particulate matter of a first particle size and the second component may be particulate matter of a second size different from the first size.
  • the first component may include particulate matter, wherein the particulate matter may be atmospheric or organic particulate matter.
  • the particulate matter may further include different size distributions.
  • the size distributions of the particulate matter may be one or more size distributions selected from: greater than or equal to 0.5 pm (> PM0.5), greater than or equal to 1 pm (> PM1.0), greater than or equal to 2.5 pm (> PM2.5), greater than or equal to 5 pm (> PM5.0).
  • the second component may include a gas.
  • the second component may include an ambient gas.
  • the ambient gas may include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • the second component may include a gas released during a fire.
  • gases released during a fire may include hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, or carbon monoxide.
  • the second component may be a gas used for fire identification, for example carbon monoxide.
  • the second component may also include volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • the volatile organic compounds may include one or more of benzenes emitted from exhaled cigarette smoke, formaldehyde from paints, or gasoline emitted as products or byproducts from the use of fossil fuels.
  • the sensor device may include a fluid channel and a channel branch.
  • the fluid channel may include a first sensor.
  • the first sensor may be configured to detect the property of one component of the plurality of components, for example, the first sensor may be configured to detect the properties of the first component and/or the second component.
  • the first sensor may further include a particulate matter sensor.
  • the channel branch may include a filter.
  • the filter may be configured to modify one or more components of the plurality of components, for example, the filter may include a particle filter and/or a chemical filter.
  • the fluid channel may include a channel to allow a flow of a gaseous fluid.
  • the fluid channel may include a pipe, a tube or a trench in a substrate (e.g. by silicon etching during a MEMS process).
  • the pipe, tube or trench may include a hollow cylinder of circular cross-section, or may include a hollow square or rectangular tubing.
  • the fluid channel may include an input to the fluid channel.
  • the input to the fluid channel may include an inlet, wherein the inlet may be a pipe, or hole, or section thereof, to allow the gaseous fluid to enter the fluid channel.
  • the fluid channel may include an outlet, wherein the outlet may be a pipe, or hole, or section thereof, through which the gaseous fluid may escape.
  • the outlet of the fluid channel may include an exhaust to allow the gaseous fluid to be expelled or released into the external environment.
  • the channel branch may be a sub-division extending from the fluid channel, which may be in fluid connection with the fluid channel.
  • the channel branch may be a bifurcation of the fluid channel.
  • the channel branch may include a branch connection, wherein the branch connection connects the fluid channel to the channel branch.
  • the branch connection may include a junction in the shape of a ‘T’, and wherein the fluid channel joins the channel branch at right angles without crossing it.
  • the channel branch may further be configured to allow a branch flow.
  • the branch flow may be the flow of gaseous fluid from the fluid channel to the channel branch.
  • the channel branch may be further configured to allow the branch flow via the branch connection.
  • the branch flow may be the flow of gaseous fluid from the fluid channel to the channel branch at the branch connection.
  • the sensor device may include an airflow producer configured to produce gaseous fluid flow, for example a fan.
  • the airflow producer may be configured to produce the flow of the gaseous fluid.
  • the airflow producer may be configured to produce a gaseous fluid flow.
  • the airflow producer may be disposed in the fluid channel, or optionally at the input of the fluid channel.
  • the airflow producer may be located between the input of the fluid channel and the exhaust, or at the input of the fluid channel.
  • the airflow producer may be located externally to the fluid channel.
  • the sensor device may be disposed in a flow system which provides airflow to the sensor device.
  • the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the airflow producer may include a device used to produce the gaseous fluid flow.
  • the airflow producer may include a fan, wherein the fan produces a current of air to direct the flow of the gaseous fluid through the channel.
  • the airflow producer may include a fan used to direct the gaseous fluid flow from an input of the fluid channel to the exhaust and/or to the channel branch.
  • the first sensor may be configured to measure the property of one component of the plurality of components.
  • the first sensor may be disposed within the fluid channel, for example, after the input of the fluid channel.
  • the first sensor may be disposed after the input of the fluid channel and prior to the exhaust.
  • the first sensor may be disposed between the input of the fluid channel and the channel branch.
  • the first sensor may be disposed between the input of the fluid channel and the airflow producer.
  • the first sensor may be used to measure the property of the first component, wherein the first sensor may be a particulate matter sensor used to measure the concentration of particulate matter of various size distributions.
  • the first sensor may include a particle counter, wherein the particle counter may be based on at least one of light scattering, light obscuration or direct imaging.
  • the particle counter may be an aerosol particle counter for counting and sizing the number of particles in the gaseous fluid.
  • the first sensor may provide a first measurement.
  • the first measurement may include the concentration of the particulate matter within the gaseous fluid.
  • ‘after’ may mean after a certain position in the flow direction. For example, as in after the input of the fluid channel.
  • the filter may be configured to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the filter may be disposed in the channel branch, and may be disposed after the branch connection.
  • the filter may be used to modify the concentration of one component within the gaseous fluid to provide the modified concentration gaseous fluid flow.
  • the filter may be a device for the removal of impurities from the gaseous fluid.
  • the filter may include a particle filter.
  • a particulate filter may be used to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid by removing particulate matter of various size distributions from the gaseous fluid.
  • the particulate filter may remove particles which have a size greater than a certain range to produce a modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the particulate filter may remove particles greater than or equal to 2.5 pm (> PM2.5), such that only particles smaller than 2.5 pm may be provided within the modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the filter may include a chemical filter, which may be in alternative or in addition to a particle filter or particle filter function.
  • the chemical filter may be used to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid by removing chemicals from the gaseous fluid.
  • the filter may include sorbent materials to control the type of gases in the modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the filter may include charcoal or silica gel to remove other components of the gaseous fluid except carbon monoxide.
  • the filter may include a material to remove VOCs.
  • the filter may include a broad range of polymers like poly(/ 2, 6-diphenyl phenyl enoxid), poly(ethylene)glycol or silicon- based sorbents which may be used to filter VOCs such that the modified concentration gaseous fluid contains a reduced concentration of VOCs.
  • the filter may be further configured to remove particulate matter and/or gases within the gaseous fluid, thereby protecting the sensor.
  • the filter may function as both a particle filter and a chemical filter.
  • the filter may be used to remove some or all the particulate matter and/or gases from cigarette smoke, thereby protecting the sensor from being damaged.
  • the filter may include a HEPA filter.
  • the filter may be further used to convey information on the quantity of chemicals in the ambient air, or during a fire.
  • the filter may convey information on the kinetics of desorption of a fire marker (e.g. carbon monoxide or particulate matter).
  • a fire marker e.g. carbon monoxide or particulate matter
  • the rate of desorption of the fire marker e.g. particulate matter or carbon monoxide
  • the second sensor may be configured to measure the property of one component within the modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the second sensor may be disposed in the channel branch, and downstream to the filter.
  • the second sensor may be used to measure the property of the second component, wherein the second sensor may be a gas sensor used to measure the concentration of a gas.
  • the second sensor may include an electrochemical cell for carbon monoxide monitoring.
  • the second sensor may provide a second measurement.
  • the second measurement may include the concentration of a gas within the modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the second measurement may include the concentration of carbon monoxide within the modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the fluid channel valve may include a device to control the passage of the gaseous fluid flow through the fluid channel.
  • the fluid channel valve may be disposed in the fluid channel between the channel branch and the exhaust.
  • the fluid channel valve may be disposed between the airflow producer and the exhaust.
  • the gaseous fluid flow may be from the input of the fluid channel to the exhaust, such that the gaseous fluid may be released to the external environment.
  • the fluid channel valve is closed, the gaseous fluid flow may be from the input of the fluid channel towards the branch connection, such that the gaseous fluid may flow into the channel branch to pass through the filter (included in the channel branch), thereby providing the modified concentration gaseous fluid.
  • the branch channel valve may include a device to control the passage of the branch flow through the channel branch.
  • the branch channel valve may be disposed in the channel branch between the branch connection and the filter.
  • the branch channel valve when the branch channel valve is open, the gaseous fluid flow may be from the branch connection towards the filter, such that when the branch flow bypasses the filter, the modified concentration gaseous fluid is produced.
  • the branch channel valve when the branch channel valve is closed, the gaseous fluid may not enter the channel branch and may therefore flow towards the exhaust and be released into the external environment.
  • the branch channel may further include a lower branch channel valve, wherein the lower branch channel valve may include a device to control the passage of the branch flow from the filter to the second sensor.
  • the lower branch channel valve may be disposed in the channel branch on the filter side further from the branch connection.
  • the lower branch channel valve may be disposed between the filter and the second sensor.
  • the lower branch channel valve may be used to control the modified concentration gaseous fluid to the second sensor. For example, when the lower branch channel valve is open, the modified concentration gaseous fluid may flow towards the second sensor. Alternatively, when the lower branch channel valve is closed, the branch flow may not flow towards the second sensor. Both the branch channel valve and the lower branch channel valve, when provided, must be open to allow the branch flow.
  • the sensor device may further include other types of sensors, such as standard environmental sensor, e.g. temperature, pressure, humidity, sound, which may be relevant to fire detection.
  • standard environmental sensor e.g. temperature, pressure, humidity, sound
  • the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the sensor device may be implemented as a fire detector. According to various embodiments, the sensor device may be implemented as a fire detection and monitoring system.
  • Various embodiments also concern a method for monitoring the property of a gaseous fluid comprising a plurality of components.
  • the method may include obtaining the first measurement of the property of one component of the plurality of components with the first sensor.
  • the first measurement may be the concentration of particulate matter within the gaseous fluid.
  • the method may further include, determining if the first measurement is saturated.
  • the first measurement may be saturated when the first measurement may be above a pre-determined threshold value.
  • the method may further include, modifying the branch flow to modify the concentration of one component within the gaseous fluid, thereby providing a modified concentration gaseous fluid to either of the first sensor or the second sensor, as described herein in accordance with various embodiments.
  • modifying the branch flow may include reducing the concentration of the one component of the plurality of component, thereby increasing the concentration of the other component s) of the plurality of components.
  • the filter may be used to filter particulate matter and/or the gas from the gaseous fluid such that the modified concentration gaseous fluid, which may be provided to the first sensor or the second sensor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a comparative matter sensor for monitoring a property of a gaseous fluid 30.
  • Gaseous fluid 30 is shown including the first component 32 and the second component 34.
  • the comparative particulate matter sensor includes a fluid channel 12 with an input of the channel for entry of the gaseous fluid 30.
  • the comparative particulate matter sensor further includes the first sensor 18, which is a particulate matter sensor, and an airflow producer 11, which is a fan.
  • the airflow producer 11 directs the flow of the gaseous fluid 30 from the input of the channel to the outlet or exhaust 13 of the channel, therefore passing through the first sensor 18.
  • the first sensor 18 is used to provide the concentration of particulate matter within the gaseous fluid 30.
  • the gaseous fluid 30 is then released into the external environment through the exhaust 13 of the fluid channel 12.
  • the particulate matter sensor of comparative example of FIG. 1 is an optical particulate matter sensor which measures low concentrations of particulate matter and therefore operates only in the linear sensitivity range.
  • particulate matter of various concentrations and sizes and gases are released into the environment.
  • the relative concentrations of the different particulate matter sizes and their variations with time are indicative of the stage of the fire or the fire class.
  • PM of smaller sizes e.g. less than 1 pm
  • larger PM sizes e.g. greater than 1 pm
  • particulate matter sensors operate by detecting only the concentrations of the smaller particulate matter emitted at the early stages of the fire.
  • Particulate matter sensors according to the comparative example of FIG. 1 may be used for the early detection of the fire, when the sensors still operate in the linear range. At the later of stages of the fire, however, higher concentrations of particulate matter and larger sized particulate matter are released into the environment, and accordingly, a particulate matter sensor according to FIG. 1 reaches a saturation level and operates out of range. In other words, for the monitoring of a fire, particulate matter sensors according to FIG. 1 cannot be used since they operate out of specifications and display a saturated signal. Such particulate matter sensors therefore do not allow for the measurement of the various sizes and concentration levels of particulate matter to convey meaningful information on the stage of the fire, and/or the fire class.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a gaseous fluid sensor device 10, for monitoring a property of a gaseous fluid 30, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the gaseous fluid 30 may include the first component 32, wherein the first component 32 may include particle size, the distribution of particle sizes, or the concentration of particle sizes.
  • the gaseous fluid 30 may further include a second component 34, wherein the second component 34 is the gas or the composition of gases.
  • the gaseous fluid 30 may include the mixture of the first component 32 with the second component 34.
  • the gaseous fluid 30 may include an aerosol.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may include the fluid channel 12.
  • the fluid channel 12 may include a channel for the flow of the gaseous fluid 30 from the input of the channel to the exhaust 13 of the channel.
  • the fluid channel 12 may further include the airflow producer 11, which may be used to produce the gaseous fluid flow 36 through the fluid channel 12.
  • the airflow producer 11 may be disposed between the input of the fluid channel 12 and the exhaust 13.
  • the airflow producer 11 may be located at the input of the fluid channel 12, or may be located external to the fluid channel 12.
  • the fluid channel may also include the first sensor 18 configured to measure the property of one component of the gaseous fluid 30.
  • the first sensor 18 may include a particle counter or a particulate matter sensor configured to detect the first component 32 within the gaseous fluid 30, and therefore may provide the first measurement.
  • the first measurement may include the concentration of particulate matter within the gaseous fluid 30.
  • the fluid channel 12 of gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may include the channel branch 16 in fluid connection with the fluid channel 12.
  • the channel branch 16 may be connected to the fluid channel 12 at the branch connection 14, and may be configured to allow the branch flow 28 from the fluid channel 12.
  • the gaseous fluid 30 flowing through the fluid channel 12 may either be released into the external environment through the exhaust 13, or may be channeled towards the channel branch 16 at the branch connection 14.
  • the channel branch 16 may further include the filter 20, wherein the filter 20 may be configured to modify the concentration of one component to provide the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the filter 20 may be the particle filter used to remove particulate matter of a size greater than or equal to 2.5 pm (> PM2.5), and accordingly, the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 may therefore include particulate matter of a size less than 2.5 pm amongst the other component(s) of the gaseous fluid 30.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 for monitoring a property of a gaseous fluid 30, including a first sensor 18 and a channel branch 16 to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to the first sensor 18, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may include the gaseous fluid 30 including the first component 32 and the second component 34, the fluid channel 12, the airflow producer 11, the exhaust 13, the first sensor 18, the channel branch 16 and the filter 20.
  • the fluid channel 12 may be connected to the channel branch 16 at the branch connection 14.
  • the airflow producer 11 may be located within the fluid channel 12, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Alternatively, the airflow producer 11 may be located at the input of the fluid channel 12 or may be external to the fluid channel 12.
  • the airflow producer 11 may be configured to produce the gaseous fluid flow 36 within the fluid channel 12, such that the gaseous fluid 30 may either be channeled to the exhaust 13 or to the channel branch 16 to produce the branch flow 28.
  • the filter 20 may be configured to modify the concentration of one component within the gaseous fluid 30 to produce the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may be modified to direct the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to the first sensor 18.
  • the channel branch 16 may include an extension to provide a closed loop to the fluid channel 12, such that the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 may be channeled towards the first sensor 18.
  • the channel branch 16 may further include a branch channel valve 22 to control the branch flow 28 in the channel branch 16.
  • the branch channel valve 22 may be closed and the gaseous fluid 30 may not flow towards the filter 20.
  • the property of one component of the gaseous fluid 30 may be measured by the first sensor 18 and thereafter released into the external environment through the exhaust 13.
  • the first sensor 18 may be configured to operate in the linear sensitivity range and may measure low particulate matter concentration levels or smaller particulate matter sizes.
  • the first sensor 18 may be saturated and operate out of range.
  • the branch channel valve 22 may be open, and gaseous fluid 30 within the fluid channel 12 may flow towards the channel branch 16 at the branch connection 14 to produce the branch flow 28.
  • the branch flow 28 may pass through the filter 20, which may be configured to modify the concentration of one component to provide the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the filter 20 may include the particle filter which may be configured to remove all or part of the particulate matter, such that the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 may include the gaseous fluid with a lower concentration of particulate matter.
  • the filter 20 may dilute the gaseous fluid 30, thereby producing a diluted concentration of gaseous fluid which may be channeled towards the first sensor 18 for further analysis.
  • the first sensor 18 may not be saturated since the first sensor 18 may only measure low particulate matter concentration levels or smaller particulate matter sizes, and may therefore operate in the linear range.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may enable the detection and measurement of the concentration levels and sizes of particulate matter for early detection the fire, and may provide for the continued monitoring during the progression of the fire.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show a schematic illustration of a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 including a first sensor 18 and a second sensor 19, and a channel branch 16 to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to the second sensor 19, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 including a first sensor 18 and a second sensor 19, and a channel branch 16 to provide a modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to the second sensor 19, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the following embodiments will be described, focusing mainly on the differences from the embodiments described above with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may be modified to include the first sensor 18 and the second sensor 19, wherein the second sensor 19 may be configured to measure the concentration of one component within the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the second sensor 19 may be configured to measure the concentration of one component within the ambient air (as illustrated in FIG. 4A).
  • the second sensor 19 may be disposed in the channel branch 16 downstream to filter 20, and may be a gas sensor used to detect ambient gases, and VOCs, which may be flammable or toxic, during a fire.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may further include a fluid channel valve 24 disposed in the fluid channel 12 between the input of the fluid channel 12 and the exhaust 13.
  • the fluid channel 24 may be disposed between the branch connection 14 and the exhaust 13, and may be configured to control the gaseous fluid flow 36 from the input of the fluid channel 12 to the exhaust 13.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may also include a lower branch valve 26 disposed in the channel branch 16 on the filter 20 side further from the branch connection 14, and may be configured to control the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 from the filter 20 to the second sensor 19.
  • the first sensor 18 and the second sensor 19 may be used to monitor and measure the concentration of particulate matter and gases in the ambient air.
  • the branch channel valve 22 and the lower branch valve 26 may be closed and gaseous fluid 30 may not flow through the channel branch 16 to the filter 20.
  • the fluid channel valve 24 may be opened to allow gaseous fluid 30 to flow through the fluid channel 12 and may be released into the external environment via the exhaust 13.
  • particulate matter and gases may move towards the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 via the natural forces of convection and diffusion, such that the particulate matter and the gases may be measured by the first sensor 18 and the second sensor 19, respectively.
  • the precise determination of the fire marker e.g. carbon monoxide, may be required.
  • the first sensor 18 may be configured to provide the first measurement.
  • the fluid channel valve 24 may be closed such that the gaseous fluid flow 36 within the fluid channel 12 may be directed towards the branch connection 14 and into the channel branch 16.
  • the branch channel valve 22 may be open to allow the branch flow 28 towards the filter 20.
  • the filter 20 may be a chemical filter, wherein the chemical filter may include a charcoal or silica gel filter and may be configured to provide the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the filter 20 may remove all gases except carbon monoxide.
  • the lower branch valve 26 may be open to allow the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38 to be directed towards the second sensor 19. Accordingly, the concentration of carbon monoxide may be accurately quantified by the second sensor 19 due to the absence of interfering components within the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the filter 20 may be configured to remove VOCs and the second sensor 19 may then measure the concentration of the remaining gases within the modified concentration gaseous fluid 38.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may enable both the measurement of the concentration levels and sizes of particulate matter and gases for early detection the fire, and for continued monitoring during the progression of the fire. Further, the saturation or clotting of the filter 20 may not be an issue since the filter 20 may only be employed for short durations of time, for example, for the monitoring of the progression of a fire.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plot comparison of the signals generated by a gaseous fluid sensor device 10 and a comparative reference sensor during a test fire, for example, the burning of wood, in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the horizontal axes (x-axis) represents time
  • the vertical axes (y-axis) represents the concentration of particle size, or in other words, the distribution of particle size during a test fire.
  • the sensors may be configured to measure four different distributions of particle sizes selected from: greater than or equal to 0.5 pm (> PM0.5), greater than or equal to 1 pm (> PM1.0), greater than or equal to 2.5 pm (> PM2.5), greater than or equal to 5 pm (> PM5.0). Referring to FIG.
  • the comparative particulate matter sensors may measure the concentration of the smaller particles (i.e. particles of > PM0.5 and > PM1.0) at the early stages of the fire.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may be configured to provide measurements of the smaller particulate matter and/or lower concentrations of particulate matter during the early or beginning stages of the fire, and continue to provide measurements of the larger particulate matter and/or higher concentrations of particulate matter at the later stages of the fire.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may further include the second sensor 19, which may include the gas sensor, to measure the profile of gases in ambient air, and the profile of gases released during the fire.
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph illustrating the different desorption kinetics for different gases on the gaseous fluid sensor device 10.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may include a metal oxide sensor used to convey information on the kinetics of desorption of the fire marker within the gaseous fluid 30 (e.g. particulate matter or carbon monoxide).
  • the kinetics of desorption of specific gases may be seen by measuring a change in the resistance of the sensor when the gas is applied.
  • three gases namely, water (H20), acetone (CH3-CO-CH3) and ethanol (CH3-CH20H) may be applied to the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 for duration of 60 s.
  • the rate of desorption of the gases may be seen in the sharp decrease and subsequent return of the resistance signal to a baseline level.
  • the resistance signal may return to the baseline level at a faster rate for water and acetone.
  • the resistance signal of ethanol may require a longer duration. Accordingly, the gaseous fluid sensor device 10 may be used in the quantification of gases during a fire.
  • the gaseous fluid sensor device for fire detection and fire monitoring. Firstly, it enables early fire detection, especially in case of smoldering fires where gas is released before smoke evolves. Secondly, it may allow the identification of the fire class and/or the stage of the fire based on the different concentration profiles of particulate matter and gases. Such information may be useful as it may have an impact on the type of suppression or extinguishing materials which may be used by the firefighters. Thirdly, the cost of fire detectors may be reduced considerably due to large availability of such particulate matter sensors and gas sensors for consumer electronics. Fourthly, it may be possible to use the gaseous fluid sensor device for environmental purposes like measuring VOCs and particles for indoor air quality monitoring. Finally, it may also be possible to use the gaseous fluid sensor device for air quality monitoring in industrial or polluted environments which may have higher concentrations of VOCs and particles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

Un aspect concerne un dispositif de capteur pour mesurer une propriété d'un fluide gazeux comprenant une pluralité de composants, notamment la taille et la concentration de matière particulaire et/ou de gaz. Le dispositif de capteur peut comprendre un canal de fluide conçu pour permettre un écoulement de fluide gazeux, lequel canal de fluide peut comprendre un premier capteur pour mesurer la propriété d'un composant de la pluralité de composants. Le dispositif de capteur peut comprendre une ramification de canal en communication fluidique avec le canal de fluide et conçue pour permettre un écoulement de ramification, ladite ramification de canal pouvant comprendre un filtre pour modifier la concentration du composant, ce qui permet d'obtenir un fluide gazeux à concentration modifiée. Un autre aspect concerne un procédé de surveillance des propriétés du fluide gazeux comprenant la détermination de la saturation d'une première mesure, et la modification du flux de ramification pour modifier la concentration du composant pour fournir un écoulement de fluide gazeux modifié.
PCT/EP2019/086900 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Dispositif de capteur et procédé pour mesurer l'épaisseur d'un fluide gazeux WO2021129920A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2019/086900 WO2021129920A1 (fr) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Dispositif de capteur et procédé pour mesurer l'épaisseur d'un fluide gazeux
DE112019007990.5T DE112019007990T5 (de) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Sensoreinrichtung und Verfahren zum Messen eines gasförmigen Fluids

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4868546A (en) * 1984-10-03 1989-09-19 Dumbeck Robert F Radon detector
US20040005856A1 (en) * 2000-12-11 2004-01-08 Sharp Gordon P. Methods and apparatus for recirculating air in a controlled ventilated environment
US20140063499A1 (en) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-06 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Smoke detector
US20150096349A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2015-04-09 Pen Inc. Optimize analyte dynamic range in gas chromatography
US20180275105A1 (en) * 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Molecular detection apparatus and molecular detection method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4868546A (en) * 1984-10-03 1989-09-19 Dumbeck Robert F Radon detector
US20040005856A1 (en) * 2000-12-11 2004-01-08 Sharp Gordon P. Methods and apparatus for recirculating air in a controlled ventilated environment
US20150096349A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2015-04-09 Pen Inc. Optimize analyte dynamic range in gas chromatography
US20140063499A1 (en) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-06 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Smoke detector
US20180275105A1 (en) * 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Molecular detection apparatus and molecular detection method

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