WO2021128597A1 - 一种多组分铝合金焊丝及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多组分铝合金焊丝及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021128597A1
WO2021128597A1 PCT/CN2020/079185 CN2020079185W WO2021128597A1 WO 2021128597 A1 WO2021128597 A1 WO 2021128597A1 CN 2020079185 W CN2020079185 W CN 2020079185W WO 2021128597 A1 WO2021128597 A1 WO 2021128597A1
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aluminum alloy
wire
welding wire
component
bundle
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PCT/CN2020/079185
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French (fr)
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郑锐
徐松华
刘礼华
朱维军
陆毅
侯文达
谢学锋
张春雷
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法尔胜泓昇集团有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals

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  • the invention relates to an aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aluminum alloy is widely used in aerospace, automotive, military and other fields due to its light weight, excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance, especially the representative multi-element alloy system, such as 2xxx, 7xxx series (Al-Cu-Mg, Al- Zn-Cu-Mg) and so on.
  • the welding of aluminum alloys with multiple alloy systems is prone to segregation cracks, etc., which has been plagued by its application.
  • aluminum alloy welding wires are mostly binary alloy system welding wires such as Al-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Cu, and there are fewer ternary and above alloy system welding wires; and the cost of developing multi-system welding wires is also higher.
  • two or more welding wires with different aluminum alloy systems are often used to achieve the welding of aluminum alloys with multiple alloy systems through the control technology of the differential feed. Multiple welding wires are fed at the same time, which requires high control systems, and requires electrical transformation of the equipment, which increases the cost of the enterprise.
  • Announcement No. CN109955003A discloses a high-strength, corrosion-resistant Al-Mg-Zr aluminum alloy welding wire and its preparation method, which optimizes the control of the proportion of alloying elements in the Al-Mg-Zr alloy, and at the same time Powder preparation, hot isostatic pressing, extrusion, continuous extrusion and drawing processes are used to prepare welding wire with fine grains, uniform structure and excellent comprehensive properties. It can be used for welding corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium and high-strength aluminum-zinc-magnesium aluminum alloys.
  • Announcement number CN109604860A discloses an aluminum alloy welding wire containing Ga and Pr and its production method and application, which belong to the technical field of material processing engineering. It solves the problem of poor welding effect of the existing aluminum alloy welding wire when welding aluminum alloy profiles. Its preparation steps: S1. Add the corresponding proportions of aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, metal Ga, gallium trioxide, metal Pr, and praseodymium trioxide to the resistance furnace for smelting, and adding covering agent and degassing agent for smelting and continuous Casting to obtain rod (wire) material; S2, annealing; S3, peeling and drawing to obtain wire material.
  • the announcement number CN110551928A discloses a method for producing aluminum alloy welding wire billets, including the steps: (1) raw material selection and weighing; (2) refining: adding aluminum ingots to a melting and holding furnace for melting; (3) Degassing and slagging: Degassing and slagging through online refining and filtering equipment; (4) Casting and casting: After casting the ingot, it enters the 12-stand two-roll continuous rolling mill for casting and rolling, and then cools.
  • the aluminum alloy welding wire currently produced is either melted by aluminum alloy melt or formed by powder.
  • the production process and production cost are both high, which cannot adapt to a small number of multi-variety production methods, and lacks production flexibility.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire and a manufacturing method thereof for the above-mentioned prior art, which can realize the flexibility of manufacturing aluminum alloy multi-system alloy welding materials.
  • a multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire which is formed by extrusion and drawing of two or more aluminum alloy wires with different alloy compositions, and multiple aluminum alloy wires are formed according to The alloy ratio calculation equipment of aluminum alloy welding wire.
  • the aluminum alloy wire is a binary or ternary alloy.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for preparing the multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, comprising the following steps
  • step (3) The aluminum alloy wire prepared in step (3) is drawn to a specified size through multiple passes to obtain a multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire.
  • the plurality of aluminum alloy wires are arranged in a bundle in parallel.
  • the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy wire bundle in the step (3) is 200-650°C, preferably 300-500°C, so that the aluminum alloy wire is semi-melted and extruded and fused.
  • the surface reduction rate in a single drawing pass in step (4) is 2%-20%. It is preferably 5% to 15%.
  • the drawing of the aluminum alloy wire bundle at the exit of the die in step (3) may be linear drawing or twisting drawing.
  • the multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire of the present invention is formed by multiple binary or ternary aluminum alloy wires according to the chemical composition ratio, and the multiple aluminum alloy wires are mutually
  • the parallel bundles are heated and extruded by a die to form a single piece, and then drawn into a multi-element alloy by multiple passes.
  • the production process is simple, the molding cycle is short, the production cost is low, and it can adapt to the production methods of multiple varieties and small batches.
  • Binary aluminum alloy wire and ternary aluminum alloy wire are basic welding materials, which are easily available in the market. According to the design idea of this application, in the production of aluminum alloy welding wire facing a specific alloy composition, it is only necessary to select the raw materials of the aluminum alloy wire and their mutual ratio according to the composition of the aluminum alloy welding wire, and then gather them in parallel into a bundle, and then heat-extrude it through a mold. It is pressed into aluminum alloy wire, and finally the aluminum alloy wire is drawn by multiple passes.
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of multi-component aluminum alloy wire of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of extrusion forming of a two-component aluminum alloy wire in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Example 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the two-component aluminum alloy wire in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • a method for preparing a multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 According to the configuration requirements of the wire composition, select the aluminum alloy wire of different composition and different diameter, clean the surface and dry it.
  • one ER2319 aluminum welding wire with a diameter of 3.0mm and one ER5356 aluminum welding wire with a diameter of 2.0mm are selected, and they are cleaned with absolute ethanol and air-dried.
  • Step 2 Put through the mold, put the above two aluminum alloy welding wires of different diameter specifications in parallel into a bundle, pass through the forming hole from the exit end of the mold, and connect with the aluminum alloy welding wire bundle, prepare to pass the aluminum alloy welding wire through the mold .
  • the selected mold is a tungsten steel round hole mold for wire drawing
  • the diameter of the forming section is 4.6mm
  • the front end of the mold is a tapered hole
  • an induction heating ring is set at the entrance of the mold.
  • Step three heating and squeezing, turning on the induction heating ring, heating the above two aluminum alloy welding wires with different diameters to 400°C to 500°C, the specific heating temperature in this embodiment is 420°C.
  • the aluminum alloy welding wire bundle is drawn from the exit end of the die, and the two aluminum alloy welding wires are extruded into a single wire with a diameter of 4.6mm.
  • Step 4 drawing and forming, the wire obtained in step 3 is drawn to a specified size through a die for 10 passes, and the area reduction rate per pass is 6% to 12%.
  • the aluminum alloy wire is drawn to a multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm.
  • Step 1 Prepare one ER2319 aluminum welding wire with a diameter of 5.0mm and two ER5356 aluminum welding wires with a diameter of 2.0mm, and use absolute ethanol to clean and air dry.
  • Step 2 pierce the mold, place the three aluminum alloy welding wires in parallel into a bundle, take the traction cable, pass through the forming hole from the exit end of the mold, and weld with the aluminum alloy welding wire bundle, and prepare to pass the aluminum alloy welding wire through the mold.
  • the selected mold is a tungsten steel round hole mold
  • the molding aperture is 6.4 mm
  • the entrance end of the molding hole is a tapered hole.
  • Step three heating and extruding, heating three aluminum alloy welding wires with different diameters to 400°C to 500°C, the heating temperature in this embodiment is 450°C. Heating and drawing, the aluminum alloy welding wire bundle is extruded and deformed during the process of passing through the mold forming hole, and the three aluminum alloy welding wires are welded and formed into a single wire.
  • Step 4 aluminum alloy drawing and forming, the single wire obtained in step 3 is then drawn through a die for 11 passes, with an area reduction rate of 6% to 12% per pass, and drawn to a welding wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm.
  • aluminum alloy wires of different components are placed in parallel into a bundle, and then drawn into a multi-component aluminum alloy welding wire after heating and extruding.
  • the method can adjust the composition of the multi-component aluminum alloy wire as required, and the method is simple and reliable. It is convenient for the production of multiple varieties and small batches, and can produce aluminum alloy welding wires of different compositions at a lower cost, and is popularized and applied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种多组分铝合金焊丝，该铝合金焊丝由两根及以上铝合金丝材挤压拉拔而成，铝合金丝材配比按照最终成形铝合金焊丝的需求比例计算配备。铝合金丝材优选二元或三元的合金。还涉及一种多组分铝合金焊丝制备方法，将不同组分的铝合金丝材平行放置成束，加热挤压后再拉拔成形至指定直径。该焊丝及其制备方法可根据需要调整多组分铝合金丝材成分，方法简单、可靠，便于多品种小批量的生产模式，能够以较低的成本生产不同组分的铝合金焊丝，使得生产更加灵活。

Description

一种多组分铝合金焊丝及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝合金焊丝及其制备方法。
背景技术
铝合金由于其质量轻、力学和耐腐蚀性能优异而广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、军事等领域，尤其是具有代表性的多元合金体系，如2xxx、7xxx系列(Al-Cu-Mg、Al-Zn-Cu-Mg)等。然而，多元合金体系的铝合金焊接易出现偏析裂纹等，一直困扰着其应用。
对于多元合金体系的铝合金焊接首要问题是选择焊丝。目前，铝合金焊丝多为二元合金体系的焊丝如Al-Si、Al-Mg、Al-Cu，较少三元及以上合金体系的焊丝；且开发多元体系焊丝成本也较高。同时，对于2000系列和7000系列的铝合金的焊接，常采用两种以上具有不同铝合金体系的焊丝通过控制技术差速进给，实现多元合金体系的铝合金的焊接。多根焊丝同时进给，对控制系统要求较高，需要对设备进行电气改造，增加了企业的成本。
开发多元合金体系的铝合金焊丝成为趋势，公告号CN109955003A公开了一种高强、耐蚀Al-Mg-Zr铝合金焊丝及其制备方法，优化控制Al-Mg-Zr合金中合金元素的比例，同时采用粉体制备、热等静压、挤压、连续挤压以及拉拔工艺制备晶粒细小、组织均匀和综合性能优良的焊丝。可以用于焊接耐蚀铝镁系和高强铝锌镁系铝合金。公告号CN109604860A公开了一种含Ga、Pr的铝合金焊丝及其制作方法和应用，属于材料加工工程技术领域。它解决了现有的铝合金焊丝焊接铝合金型材时焊接效果差的问题。其制备步骤：S1、向电阻炉中添加相应比例的铝锭、镁锭、金属Ga、三氧化二镓、金属Pr、三氧化二镨进行冶炼，冶炼时加入覆盖剂、除气剂冶炼、连铸，得到棒(线)材；S2、退火；S3、剥皮拉拔，得到丝材。
此外，公告号CN110551928A公开了一种铝合金焊丝线坯的生产方法，包括步骤：(1)原料选取和称量；(2)精炼：将铝锭加入熔化保温炉熔化后进行精炼；(3)除气除渣：经过在线精炼和过滤设备进行除气除渣；(4)浇铸和铸轧：浇铸出锭后进入12机架两辊 连轧机组进行铸轧，然后冷却。
目前所生产的铝合金焊丝线材要么采用铝合金熔液熔炼、要么采用粉末成型，生产流程和生产成本均较高，无法适应少量多品种的生产方式，缺乏生产灵活性。
因此，开发新型多组分铝合金焊丝及其制备方法来提高生产灵活性，值得本领域技术人员思考。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种多组分铝合金焊丝及其制造方法，可实现铝合金多元体系合金焊材的制造的灵活性。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为：一种多组分铝合金焊丝，由两根以上具有不同合金成分的铝合金丝材，经挤压拉拔而成，多根铝合金丝材按照铝合金焊丝的合金比例计算配备。
优选地，所述铝合金丝材为二元或三元合金。
本发明还涉及一种制备权利要求1所述多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，包括如下步骤
(1)按照最终成形的铝合金焊丝元素成分准备铝合金丝材，清洗、干燥铝合金丝材，多根铝合金丝材并拢成束，横截面上合金元素的比例应与最终铝合金焊丝的元素比例一致；
(2)准备模具，将干燥的多根铝合金丝材混合均匀并束，从模具出口端拉拔铝合金丝材束，使铝合金丝材束做好穿过模具的准备；
(3)加热模具入口处铝合金丝材束，同时在模具出口处拉拔铝合金丝材束，铝合金丝材束半熔融且彼此熔接，经模具挤压成为一根铝合金丝；
(4)将步骤(3)制备的铝合金丝经多道次拉拔至指定尺寸，即获得多组分铝合金焊丝。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中所述多根铝合金丝材平行并拢成束。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中对铝合金丝材束的加热温度为200～650℃，优选300～500℃，使铝合金丝材处于半熔融，挤压融合。
优选地，步骤(4)中拉拔单道次减面率为2％～20％。优选5％～15％。
优选地，步骤(3)中在模具出口处对铝合金丝材束的拉拔可以是直线拉拔，也可以是扭转拉拔。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本发明的多组分铝合金焊丝是将多根二元或 三元铝合金丝材按照化学成分配比而成，多根铝合金丝材相互平行并拢成束经加热、模具挤压成型为一根，然后多道次拉拔成多元合金。生产工序简洁，成型周期短，生产成本低，能够适应多品种小批量的生产方式。
二元铝合金丝材、三元铝合金丝材属于基础焊材，市场上易于够得。依据本申请的设计思路，在面对特定合金成分的铝合金焊丝生产，只需要根据铝合金焊丝的成分，选择铝合金丝材原料以及它们的相互比例，然后平行并拢成束，经模具热挤压成铝合金丝，最终铝合金丝再经多道次拉拔而成。
附图说明
图1为本发明多组分铝合金丝制备方法工艺流程图；
图2为本发明实施例中双组分铝合金丝挤压成形示意图；
图3为本发明实施例1中双组分铝合金丝的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例一：
一种多组分铝合金焊丝的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、根据丝材成分配置需求，选择不同成分、不同直径的铝合金丝，清洗其表面并干燥。本实施例选择直径为3.0mm的ER2319铝焊丝和直径为2.0mm的ER5356铝焊丝各一根，使用无水乙醇清洗、风干。
步骤二、穿模，将上述两种不同直径规格的铝合金焊丝平行放置成束，从模具出口端穿过成型孔，并与铝合金焊丝束连接，做好将铝合金焊丝穿过模具的准备。如图所示，选用模具为钢丝拉拔用钨钢圆孔模，成型段孔径4.6mm，模具前端为锥形孔，并在模具入口端设置感应加热环。
步骤三、加热、挤压，开启感应加热环，将上述两根不同直径的铝合金焊丝加热至400℃～500℃，本实施例具体加热温度为420℃。从模具出口端拉拔铝合金焊丝束，将两根铝合金焊丝挤压成直径为4.6mm的单根丝材。
步骤四、拉拔成形，将步骤三获得的丝材，经10道次模具拉拔至指定尺寸，每道次减面率为6％～12％。将铝合金丝拉拔至直径为1.6mm的多组分铝合金焊丝。
实施例二：
本实施例涉及的多组分铝合金焊丝的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、准备一根直径为5.0mm的ER2319铝焊丝和两根直径为2.0mm的ER5356铝焊丝，并使用无水乙醇清洗、风干。
步骤二、穿模，将三根铝合金焊丝平行放置成束，取牵引索，从模具出口端穿过成型孔，并与铝合金焊丝束焊接，做好将铝合金焊丝穿过模具的准备。本实施例中选用模具为钨钢圆孔模，成型孔径为6.4mm，成型孔入口端为锥形孔。
步骤三、加热、挤压，将三根不同直径的铝合金焊丝加热至400℃～500℃，本实施例中加热温度为450℃。加热并拉拔，铝合金焊丝束穿过模具成型孔的过程中发生挤压变形，三根铝合金焊丝熔接，成型为单根丝材。
步骤四、铝合金拉拔成形，将步骤三获得的单根丝材，再经11道次模具拉拔，每道次减面率为6％～12％，拉拔至直径2.0mm的焊丝。
本发明将不同组分的铝合金丝平行放置成束，加热挤压后再拉拔成型为多组分铝合金焊丝，该方法可根据需要调整多组分铝合金丝成分，方法简单、可靠，便于多品种小批量的生产，能够以较低的成本生产不同组分的铝合金焊丝，推广应用。
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例，但是应该清楚地理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种多组分铝合金焊丝，其特征在于：由两根以上具有不同合金元素的铝合金丝材，经挤压拉拔而成，多根铝合金丝材按照铝合金焊丝的合金比例计算配备。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多组分铝合金丝，其特征在于：所述铝合金丝材为二元或三元铝合金。
  3. 一种制备权利要求1所述多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤
    (1)按照最终成形的铝合金焊丝元素成分准备铝合金丝材，清洗、干燥铝合金丝材，多根铝合金丝材并拢成束，横截面上合金元素的比例应与最终铝基线材的元素比例一致；
    (2)准备模具，将干燥的多根铝合金丝材混合均匀并束，从模具出口端牵引拉拔铝合金丝材束，使铝合金丝材束做好穿过模具的准备；
    (3)在模具入口对铝合金丝材束进行加热，同时在模具出口处拉拔铝合金丝材束，铝合金丝材束熔融且彼此熔接，经模具挤压成形为一根铝合金丝；
    (4)将步骤(3)制备的铝合金丝经多道次拉拔成形至指定尺寸，即获得多组分铝合金焊丝。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述多根铝合金丝材平行并拢成束。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中对铝合金丝材束的加热温度为200～650℃。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中对铝合金丝材束的加热温度为300～500℃。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中拉拔单道次减面率为2％～20％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中拉拔单道次减面率为5％～15％。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的多组分铝合金焊丝的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中在模具出口处对铝合金丝材束的拉拔可以是直线拉拔，也可以是扭转拉拔。
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