WO2021122961A1 - Rotating electric machine comprising a temperature sensor - Google Patents

Rotating electric machine comprising a temperature sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021122961A1
WO2021122961A1 PCT/EP2020/086725 EP2020086725W WO2021122961A1 WO 2021122961 A1 WO2021122961 A1 WO 2021122961A1 EP 2020086725 W EP2020086725 W EP 2020086725W WO 2021122961 A1 WO2021122961 A1 WO 2021122961A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature sensor
sensor
position sensor
rotor
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/086725
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Benoit WALME
Guillaume OLERON
Sebastien Beaucote
Luc Kobylanski
Alice ACHACHE
Clément BERNARD
Ricardo GONCALVES-DA-COSTA
Julien Lefevre
Matthieu Treguer
Charlie Zanella
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority to CN202080086647.4A priority Critical patent/CN114788148A/en
Priority to EP20824275.0A priority patent/EP4078788A1/en
Priority to KR1020227020787A priority patent/KR20220111284A/en
Priority to JP2022537543A priority patent/JP2023508001A/en
Publication of WO2021122961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021122961A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/25—Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H02K11/05—Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • rotating electrical machine comprising a temperature sensor
  • the technical field of the invention relates to a rotating electrical machine, in particular for a motor vehicle, in which a temperature sensor is positioned so as to give a reliable temperature measurement.
  • the invention finds applications in the field of rotating electrical machines such as alternators or reversible machines that can operate as an electric generator or an electric motor.
  • rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft.
  • the rotor may be integral with a driving and / or driven shaft and may belong to a rotating electric machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor or a reversible machine of the alternator-starter type capable of operating in two modes.
  • the stator is mounted in a housing configured to rotate the shaft on bearings via bearings.
  • the rotor is for example of the “claw rotor” type and comprises two pole wheels each having claws nested in one another to form the poles and a core around which a rotor coil is wound.
  • the rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of metal sheets held in the form of a package by means of a suitable fixing system.
  • the rotor has poles formed for example by permanent magnets housed in cavities formed in the magnetic mass of the rotor.
  • the poles are formed by coils wound around the rotor arm.
  • the temperature sensor is clipped onto the stator winding.
  • Such a mounting of the temperature sensor is difficult to implement and expensive. Indeed, the shape of the buns formed by the stator winding does not allow to have an area to easily integrate a temperature sensor.
  • the solutions implemented most of the time require the installation of resin on the stator chignon, which increases the risks at the level of the manufacturing process and in particular the risk of rotor or stator pollution.
  • the temperature measurement obtained with such positioning of the temperature sensor is not very representative of the machine temperature.
  • the present invention aims to make it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the integration of a temperature sensor in a sensor already used to determine the position of the rotor of the machine.
  • the X-axis rotary electrical machine comprises a shaft carrying a rotor surrounded by a stator carried internally by a front bearing and a rear bearing connected to each other, an electronic assembly mounted axially on the rear bearing comprising power electronics and control electronics, a rotor position sensor associated with a target, the target being fixed to a target carrier fixed in rotation on the rotor and being located axially between the rotor and the rear bearing, the sensor position comprising a detection portion adapted to detect the passage of the magnetic target and an electrical connection portion of the position sensor to the electronics, the detection portion of the position sensor being carried by the electronic assembly, a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor comprising a measurement probe suitable for measuring the temperature locally and an electrical connection portion of the temperature sensor to electronics, characterized in that the temperature sensor is carried by the position sensor.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to have a more reliable temperature measurement given the positioning of the temperature sensor near the position sensor in the axial air flow of the machine, as will be detailed below.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to have a temperature measurement that is much simpler to integrate and therefore to significantly limit costs.
  • the connection of the temperature sensor to the electronics is thus facilitated, and the costs are limited.
  • the detection portion of the position sensor and the measurement probe of the temperature sensor are positioned in an angular sector around the axis of the machine less than 180 ° and advantageously less than 90 ° .
  • the temperature sensor measurement probe is disposed axially between the rear bearing and the electronic assembly.
  • the temperature sensor measurement probe is carried by the detection portion of the position sensor.
  • the machine comprises a sensor holder, the detection portion of the position sensor and the measurement probe of the temperature sensor being encapsulated in said sensor holder.
  • the sensor holder comprises at least a first and a second distinct portion, circumferentially adjacent around the axis of the machine, and interconnected by a third portion, the first portion overmolding the detection portion of the position sensor and the second portion overmolding the measurement probe of the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor measurement probe is carried by the connection portion of the position sensor.
  • connection portions of the temperature sensor and of the position sensor have a common ground electrically connected to the ground of the control electronics.
  • FIG. 1 shows, schematically and partially, a sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to an exemplary implementation of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the electronic assembly of the machine incorporating the position sensor.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the position sensor.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the electrical assembly of the position sensor with the control electronics, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the air flow in the machine.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the mounting on a temperature sensor on the position sensor according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents a compact and polyphase alternator 10, in particular for a motor vehicle.
  • This alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and can be reversible.
  • a reversible alternator is called an alternator-starter and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, in particular to start the thermal engine of the vehicle.
  • the alternator 10 comprises a housing 11 and, inside thereof, a rotor 12 with claws, integral in rotation directly or indirectly with a shaft 13, and a stator 15, which surrounds the rotor 12 with presence of an air gap.
  • An axis XX of the shaft 3 forms the axis of rotation of the rotor 12. In the remainder of the description, the radial, transverse and axial orientations are to be considered with respect to this axis XX.
  • the stator 15 comprises a body in the form of a packet of sheets 27 provided with notches, for example of the semi-closed type, equipped with notches insulation for mounting the phases of the stator, each phase comprising at least a winding passing through the notches of the body of the stator and forming, with all the phases, a front chignon 29 and a rear chignon 30 on either side of the body of the stator.
  • the windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of a bar, such as pins connected together for example by welding.
  • windings 28 are for example three-phase windings connected in star or delta, the outputs of which are electrically connected to an electronic assembly 36 described below.
  • the rotor 12 comprises two pole wheels 31.
  • Each wheel 31 has a plate 32 of transverse orientation provided at its outer periphery with claws 33, for example of trapezoidal shape and axial orientation.
  • the claws 33 of a pole wheel 31 are directed axially towards the plate 32 of the other wheel, the claw 33 penetrating into the space existing between two claws 33 adjacent to the other pole wheel, so that the claws 33 are nested.
  • the outer periphery of the claws 33 is axially oriented and defines with the inner periphery of the stator body an air gap between the stator 15 and the rotor 12.
  • the plates of the wheels 32 are of annular shape.
  • a cylindrical core 34 is interposed axially between the plates of the wheels.
  • the rotor 12 comprises, between the core and the claws 33, a coil 35 comprising a hub and an electrical coil on this hub.
  • the hub is made of an electrically insulating material such as plastic, while the pole wheels 31 and the core are metallic, being here made of ferromagnetic material, such as mild steel.
  • the shaft 13 is also metallic by being made of a ferromagnetic material, such as steel, harder than the pole wheels and the core of the claw rotor.
  • the housing 11 comprises a front bearing 16 and a rear bearing 17 which are assembled together.
  • the rear bearing 17 carries a brush holder 24, the voltage regulator and at least one rectifier bridge.
  • the bearings 16 and 17 are of hollow shape and each centrally carry a ball bearing 18 and 19 respectively for the rotational mounting of the shaft 13 of the rotor 12.
  • a pulley 20 is fixed to a so-called front end of the shaft 13, for example using a nut resting on the bottom of the cavity of this pulley.
  • the front end of the shaft 13 carries the pulley belonging to a device for transmitting movements to at least one belt between the alternator and the heat engine of the motor vehicle, while the rear end 6 of reduced diameter of the shaft 3 carries slip rings connected by wire connections to the winding. Brushes belonging to a brush holder are arranged so as to rub on the slip rings.
  • the brush holder is connected to a voltage regulator.
  • the slip rings belong to a collector 22.
  • the collector 22 further comprises the slip rings 21, electrical connection lugs which can be deformed to ensure the electrical connection to the coil. These tabs are electrically connected to the slip rings.
  • the rotor 12 When the excitation winding is supplied electrically from the brushes, the rotor 12 is magnetized and becomes an induction rotor with formation of North-South magnetic poles at the level of the claws and therefore of the claws of the pole wheels.
  • This inductor rotor creates an induced alternating current in the induced stator when the shaft 13 rotates, the rectifier bridge (s) of the electronic assembly 36 then described, making it possible to transform the induced alternating current into a direct current, in particular to supply power the loads and consumers of the on-board network of the motor vehicle, as well as for recharging the battery of said vehicle.
  • This rotor 12 may include permanent magnets interposed between two adjacent claws at the outer periphery of the rotor. As a variant, the rotor 12 may be devoid of such magnets.
  • the front bearing 16 and the rear bearing 17 have substantially lateral openings for the passage of air in order to allow the cooling of the alternator by air circulation generated by the rotation of a fan 26 called rear on the rear dorsal face of the rotor, that is to say at the level of the rear bearing 17.
  • Each fan 25, 26 is fixed to the corresponding pole wheel for example by means of screws or by riveting or even by welding by points.
  • the machine therefore also comprises an electronic assembly 36 which is here mounted on the housing 11, comprising at least one electronic power module 37 making it possible to control at least one phase of the winding 28.
  • the electronic power module 37 forms a bridge voltage rectifier to transform the generated alternating voltage into a direct voltage and vice versa.
  • the electronic power module advantageously comprises capacitors and power modules composed of Mosfets.
  • the electronic assembly 36 also includes an electronic control module 38 comprising a control card.
  • the assembly of the electronic power module 37 and the electronic control module 38 is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the position of the rotor 12 can be measured using a rotor position sensor 50, also illustrated in FIG. 2, carried by the electronic assembly.
  • This position sensor 50 cooperates with a magnetic target 51 in order to deliver information relating to the angular position of the rotor.
  • the magnetic target 51 is for example a magnet.
  • This magnetic element 51 is fixed in rotation on the rotor 12. This setting can be carried out physically by relatively positioning the encoder and the pole wheels, or simply thanks to the software following the assembly of the machine.
  • the target is for example fixed on a target holder integral in rotation with the rotor 12.
  • the target is located axially between the rotor and the rear bearing.
  • the position sensor axially passes through an opening in the rear bearing to be positioned facing the target.
  • This position sensor comprises a detection portion 52 carried by the rear bearing.
  • the detection portion comprises for example three position probes 520, for example Hall effect probes. These probes are carried by a sensor holder 54 and are each electrically connected to the control board of the control electronics.
  • the sensor holder 54 is a housing, for example made of plastic, in which the hall effect probes are housed, for example molded or welded.
  • Each hall-effect probe comprises three electrodes 521 a, 521 b, 521 c, including two measuring electrodes 521a and 521b and a ground electrode 521c.
  • the three electrodes extend substantially axially and are adjacent to each other around the machine axis X, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the probes are orthoradially distributed over an angular sector less than 180 ° and advantageously less than 90 °, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the sensor holder 54 is for example a plastic part in which are housed the three hall effect probes.
  • the sensor holder 54 advantageously has the shape of a ring around the X axis, each of which has three electrodes 521a, 521b, 521c facing the electronics.
  • each hall effect probe extend connectors 530 for connecting each hall effect probe to the control electronics
  • the connection between the probes and the control card is made at the track aid, allowing the control board to receive the electrical signals emitted by the probes when the machine is rotating.
  • the connection between the probes and the tracks, as well as the connection between the control card and the tracks, are for example made by soldering.
  • An electrical connection portion 53 of the position sensor to the control electronics, illustrated in FIG. 4, comprises all of the tracks connecting each of the three hall effect probes to the control electronics.
  • the detection portion 52, the sensor holder 54 and the connection portion of the position sensor 53 are advantageously molded in a housing 55, for example made of plastic.
  • the box 55 comprises tracks electrically connecting each probe to the control card. These tracks are, for example, overmolded in the plastic casing 55 to ensure that these tracks are maintained during use of the machine.
  • Figure 5 shows the air flow created by the fans positioned on the rotor as well as by the path advantageously created by the assembly of the various components.
  • the air which enters through the upper openings of the bearing and cools the winding before exiting through the side openings.
  • the machine also includes a temperature sensor 40 suitable for measuring the machine temperature.
  • the temperature sensor comprises a measurement probe 401, suitable for measuring the temperature locally, from which extend two connectors, said connectors making it possible to electrically connect the probe to the control electronics 38.
  • the temperature sensor thus comprises a ground connector 402c and a connector making it possible to apply a potential difference to the terminals of the probe 402a.
  • the temperature sensor is, for example, advantageously a sensor with a negative temperature coefficient.
  • the temperature sensor is for example a temperature sensor with a negative temperature coefficient or a temperature sensor with a positive temperature coefficient.
  • the temperature sensor is carried by the position sensor.
  • temperature sensor carried by the position sensor will be understood to mean the fact that the temperature sensor is contained in the housing of the position sensor or mounted on the surface of the housing of the position sensor, the connection portion of the temperature sensor being shared with the connection portion of the position sensor.
  • the temperature probe and the Hall effect probes are carried by the same sensor holder or by two different sensor doors.
  • the box may have two disjoint adjacent portions orthoradially around the axis of the machine, these two disjoint portions being connected by a common portion housing at least the connection portions of the two sensors, as described and illustrated below.
  • the temperature sensor is thus positioned near the position sensor so that it bathes in the same air flow, the temperature of which is representative of the machine temperature.
  • close is meant that the distance between the sensors is small, relative to the dimensions of the machine, axially and orthoradially around the X axis.
  • the detection portion of the position sensor 52 and the measurement probe 401 of the temperature sensor are positioned orthoradially in an angular sector around the axis of the machine less than 180 °.
  • the angular sector is advantageously less than 90 ° as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is then substantially the same as the temperature of the machine air near the position sensor.
  • the measurement probe of the temperature sensor 401 is carried by the detection portion of the position sensor 52.
  • the temperature probe is advantageously carried by the sensor holder 54.
  • the three hall effect probes 520 and the temperature probe 401 advantageously extend parallel and parallel to the axis of the machine X.
  • the hall effect probes and the temperature probe are housed in the same sensor holder.
  • the sensor holder has, for example, the shape of a crown extending orthoradially around the axis of the machine.
  • the probes are advantageously overmolded in the sensor holder.
  • the temperature probe 401 and the connectors 402a, 402c are also housed in the housing 55.
  • the temperature probe thus housed in the plastic makes it possible to have a reliable measurement of the temperature of the air in which it bathes, the plastic not preventing thermalization of the temperature probe with the ambient air.
  • a corrective thermal model could possibly be used to correct the temperature measurement made at the temperature probe.
  • the housing 55 has an axial notch, separating the hall effect probes and the temperature probe.
  • the housing 55 therefore comprises two adjacent portions 55a and 55b orthoradially around the X axis each having substantially the shape of a crown, the two adjacent portions being connected by a connecting portion 55c.
  • the temperature measurement probe 401 is carried by the housing 55 at the level of the part of the housing encapsulating the connection portion of the position sensor 53.
  • an opening is advantageously made in the housing 55 at the part of the housing covering the connection portion 53.
  • Such an opening allows the passage of the wires for the electrical connection of the sensor probe.
  • temperature 401 carried externally by the housing 55, with the connectors 402a and 402c to the control electronics 38, extending internally to the housing.
  • the temperature sensor connectors 402a and 402c are therefore housed in the housing 55.
  • the ground potentials of the position sensor and of the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the ground of the control electronics 38.
  • the ground potentials 521c and 402c are in fact pooled at level of the connection portion 53.

Abstract

The present invention proposes a rotating electric machine of axis X, comprising: a shaft (13) carrying a rotor (12) that is surrounded by a stator (15) that is carried internally by an interconnected front bearing (16) and rear bearing (17); an electronics assembly (36) mounted axially on the rear bearing (17) that comprises power electronics (37) and control electronics (38); a position sensor (50) for sensing the position of the rotor that is associated with a target (51), the target (51) being fastened on a target carrier (510) locked in rotation on the rotor (12) and being installed axially between the rotor (12) and the rear bearing (17), the position sensor (50) comprising a detection portion (52) that is designed to detect the passage of the magnetic target (51), and an electrical connection portion (53) for connecting the position sensor to the electronics, the detection portion (52) for detecting the position sensor being carried by the electronics assembly (36); a temperature sensor (40), the temperature sensor comprising a measuring probe (401) designed to locally measure the temperature; and an electrical connection portion (402) for connecting the temperature sensor to the electronics, characterized in that the temperature sensor (40) is carried by the position sensor (50).

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : machine électrique tournante comprenant un capteur de température Title of the invention: rotating electrical machine comprising a temperature sensor
[0001] [Le domaine technique de l’invention concerne une machine électrique tournante, notamment pour véhicule automobile, dans laquelle un capteur de température est positionné de sorte à donner une mesure de température fiable. [0001] [The technical field of the invention relates to a rotating electrical machine, in particular for a motor vehicle, in which a temperature sensor is positioned so as to give a reliable temperature measurement.
[0002] L’invention trouve des applications dans le domaine des machines électriques tournantes telles que les alternateurs ou les machines réversibles pouvant fonctionner en générateur électrique ou en moteur électrique. The invention finds applications in the field of rotating electrical machines such as alternators or reversible machines that can operate as an electric generator or an electric motor.
[0003] De façon connue en soi, les machines électriques tournantes comportent un stator et un rotor solidaire d’un arbre. Le rotor peut être solidaire d’un arbre menant et/ou mené et peut appartenir à une machine électrique tournante sous la forme d’un alternateur, d’un moteur électrique ou d’une machine réversible de type alterno-démarreur pouvant fonctionner dans les deux modes. [0003] In a manner known per se, rotating electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft. The rotor may be integral with a driving and / or driven shaft and may belong to a rotating electric machine in the form of an alternator, an electric motor or a reversible machine of the alternator-starter type capable of operating in two modes.
[0004] Le stator est monté dans un carter configuré pour porter à rotation l’arbre sur des paliers par l’intermédiaire de roulements. Le rotor est par exemple de type « rotor à griffes » et comporte deux roues polaires présentant chacune des griffes imbriquées les unes dans les autres pour former les pôles et un noyau autour duquel est enroulé une bobine rotorique. Selon un autre exemple, le rotor comporte un corps formé par un empilage de feuilles de tôles maintenues sous forme de paquet au moyen d’un système de fixation adapté. Le rotor comporte des pôles formés par exemple par des aimants permanents logés dans des cavités ménagées dans la masse magnétique du rotor. Alternativement, dans une architecture dite à pôles « saillants », les pôles sont formés par des bobines enroulées autour de bras du rotor. [0004] The stator is mounted in a housing configured to rotate the shaft on bearings via bearings. The rotor is for example of the “claw rotor” type and comprises two pole wheels each having claws nested in one another to form the poles and a core around which a rotor coil is wound. According to another example, the rotor comprises a body formed by a stack of metal sheets held in the form of a package by means of a suitable fixing system. The rotor has poles formed for example by permanent magnets housed in cavities formed in the magnetic mass of the rotor. Alternatively, in a so-called “salient” pole architecture, the poles are formed by coils wound around the rotor arm.
[0005] Lorsque la machine et l’ensemble électronique sont refroidis par l’air ambiant, des capteurs de température astucieusement positionnés permettent de mesurer ou d’estimer la température des différents composants et ainsi de protéger la machine d’une surchauffe. Ces capteurs sont habituellement positionnés au sein de l’ensemble électronique. Dans le cas où l’ensemble électronique est refroidi par un liquide, par exemple le circuit de refroidissement du véhicule dans lequel est installée la machine, et que la machine est refroidie par l’air ambiant, les capteurs de température positionnés au sein de l'ensemble électronique peuvent ne plus donner une information suffisamment fiable de l’air extérieur. Dans ce cas, l’estimation de la température de la machine, notamment du rotor et du stator, peut ne plus être réalisée avec la précision souhaitée. Une précision importante étant nécessaire pour ne pas brider inutilement les performances de la machine, une autre solution doit être identifiée pour estimer ou mesurer la température de la machine. When the machine and the electronic assembly are cooled by the ambient air, cleverly positioned temperature sensors make it possible to measure or estimate the temperature of the various components and thus protect the machine from overheating. These sensors are usually positioned within the electronic assembly. In the case where the electronic assembly is cooled by a liquid, for example the cooling circuit of the vehicle in which the machine is installed, and the machine is cooled by the ambient air, the temperature sensors positioned within the electronic assembly may no longer give sufficiently reliable information on the outside air. In this case, the estimation of the temperature of the machine, in particular of the rotor and of the stator, may no longer be carried out with the desired precision. Since high precision is necessary so as not to limit the performance of the machine unnecessarily, another solution must be identified to estimate or measure the temperature of the machine.
[0006] Dans la machine de l’art antérieur décrite dans le document brevet[0006] In the machine of the prior art described in the patent document
FR3046507 le capteur de température est clipsé sur le bobinage statorique. Un tel montage du capteur de température est difficile à mettre en œuvre et cher. En effet, la forme des chignons formés par le bobinage statorique ne permet pas d’avoir une zone pour facilement intégrer un capteur de température. Les solutions mises en œuvre la plupart du temps nécessitent la mise en place de résine sur le chignon stator, ce qui augmente les risques au niveau du procédé de fabrication et notamment le risque de pollution rotor ou stator. De plus, la mesure de température obtenue avec un tel positionnement du capteur de température est peu représentative de la température machine. FR3046507 the temperature sensor is clipped onto the stator winding. Such a mounting of the temperature sensor is difficult to implement and expensive. Indeed, the shape of the buns formed by the stator winding does not allow to have an area to easily integrate a temperature sensor. The solutions implemented most of the time require the installation of resin on the stator chignon, which increases the risks at the level of the manufacturing process and in particular the risk of rotor or stator pollution. In addition, the temperature measurement obtained with such positioning of the temperature sensor is not very representative of the machine temperature.
[0007] La présente invention vise à permettre d’éviter les inconvénients de l’art antérieur. [0007] The present invention aims to make it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the prior art.
[0008] A cet effet, la présente invention a donc pour objet l’intégration d’un capteur de température dans un capteur déjà utilisé pour déterminer la position du rotor de la machine. [0008] To this end, the present invention therefore relates to the integration of a temperature sensor in a sensor already used to determine the position of the rotor of the machine.
[0009] Selon la présente invention, la machine électrique tournante d’axe X comporte un arbre portant un rotor entouré par un stator porté intérieurement par un palier avant et un palier arrière reliés entre eux, un ensemble électronique monté axialement sur le palier arrière comprenant une électronique de puissance et une électronique de commande, un capteur de position du rotor associé à une cible, la cible étant fixée sur un porte-cible calé en rotation sur le rotor et étant implantée axialement entre le rotor et le palier arrière, le capteur de position comprenant une portion de détection adaptée pour détecter le passage de la cible magnétique et une portion de connexion électrique du capteur de position à l’électronique, la portion de détection du capteur de position étant portée par l’ensemble électronique, un capteur de température, le capteur de température comprenant une sonde de mesure adaptée pour mesurer la température localement et une portion de connexion électrique du capteur de température à l’électronique, caractérisé en ce que le capteur de température est porté par le capteur de position. According to the present invention, the X-axis rotary electrical machine comprises a shaft carrying a rotor surrounded by a stator carried internally by a front bearing and a rear bearing connected to each other, an electronic assembly mounted axially on the rear bearing comprising power electronics and control electronics, a rotor position sensor associated with a target, the target being fixed to a target carrier fixed in rotation on the rotor and being located axially between the rotor and the rear bearing, the sensor position comprising a detection portion adapted to detect the passage of the magnetic target and an electrical connection portion of the position sensor to the electronics, the detection portion of the position sensor being carried by the electronic assembly, a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor comprising a measurement probe suitable for measuring the temperature locally and an electrical connection portion of the temperature sensor to electronics, characterized in that the temperature sensor is carried by the position sensor.
[0010] La présente invention permet donc d’avoir une mesure de température plus fiable compte tenu du positionnement du capteur de température à proximité du capteur de position dans le flux d’air axial de la machine, comme cela sera détaillé ci-dessous. La présente invention permet donc d’avoir une mesure de température beaucoup plus simple à intégrer et donc de limiter les coûts de manière importante. De plus le raccord du capteur de température à l’électronique est ainsi facilité, et les coûts en sont limités. [0010] The present invention therefore makes it possible to have a more reliable temperature measurement given the positioning of the temperature sensor near the position sensor in the axial air flow of the machine, as will be detailed below. The present invention therefore makes it possible to have a temperature measurement that is much simpler to integrate and therefore to significantly limit costs. In addition, the connection of the temperature sensor to the electronics is thus facilitated, and the costs are limited.
[0011] Dans un mode de réalisation, la portion de détection du capteur de position et la sonde de mesure du capteur de température sont positionnées dans un secteur angulaire autour de l’axe de la machine inférieur à 180° et avantageusement inférieur à 90°. In one embodiment, the detection portion of the position sensor and the measurement probe of the temperature sensor are positioned in an angular sector around the axis of the machine less than 180 ° and advantageously less than 90 ° .
[0012] Dans un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la sonde de mesure du capteur de température est disposée axialement entre le palier arrière et l’ensemble électronique. [0012] In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensor measurement probe is disposed axially between the rear bearing and the electronic assembly.
[0013] Dans un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la sonde de mesure du capteur de température est portée par la portion de détection du capteur de position. [0013] In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensor measurement probe is carried by the detection portion of the position sensor.
[0014] Dans un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la machine comprend un porte- capteur, la portion de détection du capteur de position et la sonde de mesure du capteur de température étant encapsulées dans ledit porte-capteur. [0014] In one embodiment of the invention, the machine comprises a sensor holder, the detection portion of the position sensor and the measurement probe of the temperature sensor being encapsulated in said sensor holder.
[0015] Dans un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le porte-capteur comprend aux moins une première et une deuxième portion distinctes, circonférentiellement adjacentes autour de l’axe de la machine, et reliées entre elles par une troisième portion, la première portion surmoulant la portion de détection du capteur de position et la deuxième portion surmoulant la sonde de mesure du capteur de température. [0016] Dans un mode de réalisation, la sonde de mesure du capteur de température est portée par la portion de connexion du capteur de position. In one embodiment of the invention, the sensor holder comprises at least a first and a second distinct portion, circumferentially adjacent around the axis of the machine, and interconnected by a third portion, the first portion overmolding the detection portion of the position sensor and the second portion overmolding the measurement probe of the temperature sensor. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor measurement probe is carried by the connection portion of the position sensor.
[0017] Dans un mode de réalisation, les portions de connexion du capteur de température et du capteur de position ont une masse commune reliée électriquement à la masse de l’électronique de commande. [0017] In one embodiment, the connection portions of the temperature sensor and of the position sensor have a common ground electrically connected to the ground of the control electronics.
[0018] [Fig. 1] représente, schématiquement et partiellement, une vue en coupe d’une machine électrique tournante selon un exemple de mise en œuvre de l’invention. [0018] [Fig. 1] shows, schematically and partially, a sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to an exemplary implementation of the invention.
[0019] [Fig. 2] est une vue en perspective de l’ensemble électronique de la machine intégrant le capteur de position. [0019] [Fig. 2] is a perspective view of the electronic assembly of the machine incorporating the position sensor.
[0020] [Fig. 3] est une vue en coupe du capteur de position. [0020] [Fig. 3] is a sectional view of the position sensor.
[0021] [Fig. 4] illustre l’assemblage électrique du capteur de position avec l’électronique de commande, selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention. [0021] [Fig. 4] illustrates the electrical assembly of the position sensor with the control electronics, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
[0022] [Fig. 5] illustre schématiquement le flux d’air dans la machine. [0022] [Fig. 5] schematically illustrates the air flow in the machine.
[0023] [Fig. 6] est un schéma du montage sur capteur de température sur le capteur de position selon un second mode de réalisation de l’invention. [0023] [Fig. 6] is a diagram of the mounting on a temperature sensor on the position sensor according to a second embodiment of the invention.
[0024] Dans la suite de la description on entendra par axialement, qui s’étend le long de l’axe de la machine et par orthoradialement qui s’étend selon un secteur angulaire autour de l’axe de la machine, dans un plan transverse à l’axe de la machine. In the remainder of the description by axially, which extends along the axis of the machine and by orthoradially which extends in an angular sector around the axis of the machine, in a plane transverse to the axis of the machine.
[0025] La figure 1 représente un alternateur 10 compact et polyphasé, notamment pour véhicule automobile. Cet alternateur transforme de l’énergie mécanique en énergie électrique et peut être réversible. Un alternateur réversible est appelé alterno-démarreur et permet de transformer de l’énergie électrique en énergie mécanique notamment pour démarrer le moteur thermique du véhicule. FIG. 1 represents a compact and polyphase alternator 10, in particular for a motor vehicle. This alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and can be reversible. A reversible alternator is called an alternator-starter and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, in particular to start the thermal engine of the vehicle.
[0026] L’alternateur 10 comporte un carter 11 et, à l'intérieur de celui-ci, un rotor 12 à griffes, solidaire en rotation de manière directe ou indirecte d'un arbre 13, et un stator 15, qui entoure le rotor 12 avec présence d’un entrefer. Un axe X-X de l’arbre 3 forme l’axe de rotation du rotor 12. [0027] Dans la suite de la description les orientations radiale, transversale et axiale sont à considérer par rapport à cet axe X-X. The alternator 10 comprises a housing 11 and, inside thereof, a rotor 12 with claws, integral in rotation directly or indirectly with a shaft 13, and a stator 15, which surrounds the rotor 12 with presence of an air gap. An axis XX of the shaft 3 forms the axis of rotation of the rotor 12. In the remainder of the description, the radial, transverse and axial orientations are to be considered with respect to this axis XX.
[0028] Le stator 15 comporte un corps en forme d'un paquet de tôles 27 doté d'encoches, par exemple du type semi fermé, équipées d’isolant d’encoches pour le montage des phases du stator, chaque phase comportant au moins un enroulement traversant les encoches du corps du stator et formant, avec toutes les phases, un chignon avant 29 et un chignon arrière 30 de part et d'autre du corps du stator. The stator 15 comprises a body in the form of a packet of sheets 27 provided with notches, for example of the semi-closed type, equipped with notches insulation for mounting the phases of the stator, each phase comprising at least a winding passing through the notches of the body of the stator and forming, with all the phases, a front chignon 29 and a rear chignon 30 on either side of the body of the stator.
[0029] Les enroulements sont obtenus par exemple à partir d’un fil continu recouvert d’émail ou à partir d’éléments conducteurs en forme de barre, tels que des épingles reliées entre elles par exemple par soudage. The windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of a bar, such as pins connected together for example by welding.
[0030] Ces enroulements 28 sont par exemple des enroulements triphasés connectés en étoile ou en triangle, dont les sorties sont reliées électriquement à un ensemble électronique 36 décrit plus loin. These windings 28 are for example three-phase windings connected in star or delta, the outputs of which are electrically connected to an electronic assembly 36 described below.
[0031] Le rotor 12 comporte deux roues polaires 31. Chaque roue 31 présente un plateau 32 d’orientation transversale pourvu à sa périphérie externe de griffes 33 par exemple de forme trapézoïdale et d’orientation axiale. Les griffes 33 d’une roue polaire 31 sont dirigées axialement vers le plateau 32 de l'autre roue, la griffe 33 pénétrant dans l'espace existant entre deux griffes 33 voisines de l'autre roue polaire, de sorte que les griffes 33 soient imbriquées. The rotor 12 comprises two pole wheels 31. Each wheel 31 has a plate 32 of transverse orientation provided at its outer periphery with claws 33, for example of trapezoidal shape and axial orientation. The claws 33 of a pole wheel 31 are directed axially towards the plate 32 of the other wheel, the claw 33 penetrating into the space existing between two claws 33 adjacent to the other pole wheel, so that the claws 33 are nested.
[0032] La périphérie externe des griffes 33 est d’orientation axiale et définit avec la périphérie interne du corps du stator un entrefer entre le stator 15 et le rotor 12. The outer periphery of the claws 33 is axially oriented and defines with the inner periphery of the stator body an air gap between the stator 15 and the rotor 12.
[0033] Les plateaux des roues 32 sont de forme annulaire. The plates of the wheels 32 are of annular shape.
[0034] Un noyau cylindrique 34 est intercalé axialement entre les plateaux des roues. A cylindrical core 34 is interposed axially between the plates of the wheels.
[0035] Le rotor 12 comporte, entre le noyau et les griffes 33, une bobine 35 comportant un moyeu et un bobinage électrique sur ce moyeu. The rotor 12 comprises, between the core and the claws 33, a coil 35 comprising a hub and an electrical coil on this hub.
[0036] Dans l’exemple décrit, le moyeu est en matière électriquement isolante telle que de la matière plastique, tandis que les roues polaires 31 et le noyau sont métalliques en étant ici en matière ferromagnétique, telle que de l’acier doux. L’arbre 13 est également métallique en étant en matériau ferromagnétique, tel que de l’acier, plus dur que les roues polaires et le noyau du rotor à griffes. In the example described, the hub is made of an electrically insulating material such as plastic, while the pole wheels 31 and the core are metallic, being here made of ferromagnetic material, such as mild steel. The shaft 13 is also metallic by being made of a ferromagnetic material, such as steel, harder than the pole wheels and the core of the claw rotor.
[0037] Le carter 11 comporte un palier avant 16 et un palier arrière 17 qui sont assemblés ensemble. Le palier arrière 17 porte un porte-balais 24, le régulateur de tension et au moins un pont redresseur. The housing 11 comprises a front bearing 16 and a rear bearing 17 which are assembled together. The rear bearing 17 carries a brush holder 24, the voltage regulator and at least one rectifier bridge.
[0038] Les paliers 16 et 17 sont de forme creuse et portent chacun centralement un roulement à billes respectivement 18 et 19 pour le montage à rotation de l'arbre 13 du rotor 12. The bearings 16 and 17 are of hollow shape and each centrally carry a ball bearing 18 and 19 respectively for the rotational mounting of the shaft 13 of the rotor 12.
[0039] Une poulie 20 est fixée sur une extrémité dite avant de l’arbre 13, par exemple à l’aide d’un écrou en appui sur le fond de la cavité de cette poulie. A pulley 20 is fixed to a so-called front end of the shaft 13, for example using a nut resting on the bottom of the cavity of this pulley.
[0040] L'extrémité avant de l’arbre 13 porte la poulie appartenant à un dispositif de transmission de mouvements à au moins une courroie entre l'alternateur et le moteur thermique du véhicule automobile, tandis que l’extrémité arrière 6 de diamètre réduit de l’arbre 3 porte des bagues collectrices reliées par des liaisons filaires au bobinage. Des balais appartenant à un porte-balais sont disposés de façon à frotter sur les bagues collectrices. Le porte-balais est relié à un régulateur de tension. The front end of the shaft 13 carries the pulley belonging to a device for transmitting movements to at least one belt between the alternator and the heat engine of the motor vehicle, while the rear end 6 of reduced diameter of the shaft 3 carries slip rings connected by wire connections to the winding. Brushes belonging to a brush holder are arranged so as to rub on the slip rings. The brush holder is connected to a voltage regulator.
[0041] Les bagues collectrices appartiennent à un collecteur 22. Le collecteur 22 comporte en outre les bagues collectrices 21 , des pattes de raccord électriques pouvant être déformées pour assurer la connexion électrique au bobinage. Ces pattes sont reliées électriquement aux bagues collectrices. The slip rings belong to a collector 22. The collector 22 further comprises the slip rings 21, electrical connection lugs which can be deformed to ensure the electrical connection to the coil. These tabs are electrically connected to the slip rings.
[0042] Lorsque le bobinage d'excitation est alimenté électriquement à partir des balais, le rotor 12 est magnétisé et devient un rotor inducteur avec formation de pôles magnétiques Nord-Sud au niveau des griffes et donc des griffes des roues polaires. When the excitation winding is supplied electrically from the brushes, the rotor 12 is magnetized and becomes an induction rotor with formation of North-South magnetic poles at the level of the claws and therefore of the claws of the pole wheels.
[0043] Ce rotor inducteur crée un courant induit alternatif dans le stator induit lorsque l’arbre 13 tourne, le ou les ponts redresseurs de l’ensemble électronique 36 décrit ensuite permettant de transformer le courant alternatif induit en un courant continu, notamment pour alimenter les charges et les consommateurs du réseau de bord du véhicule automobile, ainsi que pour recharger la batterie dudit véhicule. [0044] Ce rotor 12 peut comporter des aimants permanents interposés entre deux griffes voisines à la périphérie externe du rotor. En variante, le rotor 12 peut être dépourvu de tels aimants. This inductor rotor creates an induced alternating current in the induced stator when the shaft 13 rotates, the rectifier bridge (s) of the electronic assembly 36 then described, making it possible to transform the induced alternating current into a direct current, in particular to supply power the loads and consumers of the on-board network of the motor vehicle, as well as for recharging the battery of said vehicle. This rotor 12 may include permanent magnets interposed between two adjacent claws at the outer periphery of the rotor. As a variant, the rotor 12 may be devoid of such magnets.
[0045] Le palier avant 16 et le palier arrière 17 comportent des ouvertures sensiblement latérales pour le passage de l’air en vue de permettre le refroidissement de l'alternateur par circulation d'air engendrée par la rotation d’un ventilateur 26 dit arrière sur la face dorsale arrière du rotor, c’est-à-dire au niveau du palier arrière 17. Chaque ventilateur 25, 26 est fixé sur la roue polaire correspondante par exemple à l’aide de vis ou par rivetage ou encore par soudage par points. The front bearing 16 and the rear bearing 17 have substantially lateral openings for the passage of air in order to allow the cooling of the alternator by air circulation generated by the rotation of a fan 26 called rear on the rear dorsal face of the rotor, that is to say at the level of the rear bearing 17. Each fan 25, 26 is fixed to the corresponding pole wheel for example by means of screws or by riveting or even by welding by points.
[0046] La machine comprend donc également un ensemble électronique 36 qui est ici monté sur le carter 11 , comportant au moins un module électronique de puissance 37 permettant de piloter au moins une phase du bobinage 28. Le module électronique de puissance 37 forme un pont redresseur de tension pour transformer la tension alternative générée en une tension continue et inversement. Le module électronique de puissance comprend avantageusement des capacités et des modules de puissance composés de Mosfet. The machine therefore also comprises an electronic assembly 36 which is here mounted on the housing 11, comprising at least one electronic power module 37 making it possible to control at least one phase of the winding 28. The electronic power module 37 forms a bridge voltage rectifier to transform the generated alternating voltage into a direct voltage and vice versa. The electronic power module advantageously comprises capacitors and power modules composed of Mosfets.
[0047] L’ensemble électronique 36 comprend également un module électronique de commande 38 comprenant une carte de contrôle. L’ensemble du module électronique de puissance 37 et du module électronique de commande 38 est illustré à la figure 2. The electronic assembly 36 also includes an electronic control module 38 comprising a control card. The assembly of the electronic power module 37 and the electronic control module 38 is illustrated in Figure 2.
[0048] La position du rotor 12 peut être mesurée à l’aide d’un capteur de position du rotor 50, également illustré sur la figure 2, porté par l’ensemble électronique. Ce capteur de position 50 coopère avec une cible magnétique 51 afin de délivrer une information relative à la position angulaire du rotor. [0048] The position of the rotor 12 can be measured using a rotor position sensor 50, also illustrated in FIG. 2, carried by the electronic assembly. This position sensor 50 cooperates with a magnetic target 51 in order to deliver information relating to the angular position of the rotor.
[0049] La cible magnétique 51 , plus communément appelée encodeur magnétique, est par exemple un aimant. Cet élément magnétique 51 est calé en rotation sur le rotor 12. Ce calage peut être réalisé physiquement en positionnant de manière relative l’encodeur et les roues-polaires, ou simplement grâce au logiciel suite à l’assemblage de la machine. La cible est par exemple fixée sur un porte-cible solidaire en rotation du rotor 12. La cible est implantée axialement entre le rotor et le palier arrière. [0050] Le capteur de position traverse axialement une ouverture du palier arrière pour être positionné en regard de la cible. The magnetic target 51, more commonly called a magnetic encoder, is for example a magnet. This magnetic element 51 is fixed in rotation on the rotor 12. This setting can be carried out physically by relatively positioning the encoder and the pole wheels, or simply thanks to the software following the assembly of the machine. The target is for example fixed on a target holder integral in rotation with the rotor 12. The target is located axially between the rotor and the rear bearing. The position sensor axially passes through an opening in the rear bearing to be positioned facing the target.
[0051] Ce capteur de position comprend une portion de détection 52 portée par le palier arrière. La portion de détection comprend par exemple trois sondes de position 520, par exemple des sondes à effet Hall. Ces sondes sont portées par un porte-capteur 54 et sont chacune électriquement connectées à la carte de contrôle de l’électronique de commande. Le porte capteur 54 est un logement, par exemple en plastique, dans lequel sont logées, par exemple moulées ou soudées, les sondes à effet hall. This position sensor comprises a detection portion 52 carried by the rear bearing. The detection portion comprises for example three position probes 520, for example Hall effect probes. These probes are carried by a sensor holder 54 and are each electrically connected to the control board of the control electronics. The sensor holder 54 is a housing, for example made of plastic, in which the hall effect probes are housed, for example molded or welded.
[0052] Ces sondes sont adjacentes les unes aux autres disposées orthoradialement en regard de la cible, formant la portion de détection 52 du capteur. Chaque sonde à effet hall comprend trois électrodes 521 a, 521 b, 521 c, dont deux électrodes de mesure 521a et 521b et une électrode de masse 521c. Les trois électrodes s’étendent sensiblement axialement et sont adjacentes les unes aux autres autour de l’axe de la machine X, comme représenté à la figure 3. These probes are adjacent to each other arranged orthoradially facing the target, forming the detection portion 52 of the sensor. Each hall-effect probe comprises three electrodes 521 a, 521 b, 521 c, including two measuring electrodes 521a and 521b and a ground electrode 521c. The three electrodes extend substantially axially and are adjacent to each other around the machine axis X, as shown in Figure 3.
[0053] Les sondes sont orthoradialement réparties sur un secteur angulaire inférieur à 180° et avantageusement inférieur à 90°, comme illustré à la figure 4. The probes are orthoradially distributed over an angular sector less than 180 ° and advantageously less than 90 °, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
[0054] Le porte capteur 54 est par exemple une pièce plastique dans laquelle sont logées les trois sondes à effet hall. Le porte-capteur 54 a avantageusement une forme de couronne autour de l’axe X disposant chacune des trois électrodes 521a, 521b, 521c en regard de l’électronique. The sensor holder 54 is for example a plastic part in which are housed the three hall effect probes. The sensor holder 54 advantageously has the shape of a ring around the X axis, each of which has three electrodes 521a, 521b, 521c facing the electronics.
[0055] Comme illustré à la figure 3, de chaque sonde à effet hall s’étendent des connecteurs 530 permettant de connecter chaque sonde à effet hall à l’électronique de commandeLa connexion entre les sondes et la carte de contrôle est réalisée à l’aide de pistes, permettant à la carte de contrôle de recevoir les signaux électriques émis par les sondes lors de la rotation de la machine. La connexion entre les sondes et les pistes, ainsi que la connexion entre la carte de contrôle et les pistes, sont par exemple réalisées par soudure. As illustrated in Figure 3, from each hall effect probe extend connectors 530 for connecting each hall effect probe to the control electronics The connection between the probes and the control card is made at the track aid, allowing the control board to receive the electrical signals emitted by the probes when the machine is rotating. The connection between the probes and the tracks, as well as the connection between the control card and the tracks, are for example made by soldering.
[0056] Une portion de connexion électrique 53 du capteur de position à l’électronique de commande, illustrée à la figure 4, comprend l’ensemble des pistes reliant chacune des trois sondes à effet hall à l’électronique de commande. [0057] La portion de détection 52, le porte capteur 54 et la portion de connexion du capteur de position 53 sont avantageusement surmoulés dans un boîtier 55, par exemple en plastique. An electrical connection portion 53 of the position sensor to the control electronics, illustrated in FIG. 4, comprises all of the tracks connecting each of the three hall effect probes to the control electronics. The detection portion 52, the sensor holder 54 and the connection portion of the position sensor 53 are advantageously molded in a housing 55, for example made of plastic.
[0058] Le boîtier 55 comprend des pistes connectant électriquement chaque sonde à la carte de contrôle. Ces pistes sont, par exemple, surmoulées dans le boîtier plastique 55 permettant de garantir le maintien de ces pistes lors de l’utilisation de la machine. The box 55 comprises tracks electrically connecting each probe to the control card. These tracks are, for example, overmolded in the plastic casing 55 to ensure that these tracks are maintained during use of the machine.
[0059] La figure 5 présente le flux d’air créé grâce aux ventilateurs positionnés sur le rotor ainsi que grâce au cheminement avantageusement créé par l’assemblage des différents composants. L’air qui entre par les ouvertures supérieures du palier et permet de refroidir le bobinage avant de ressortir par les ouvertures latérales. [0059] Figure 5 shows the air flow created by the fans positioned on the rotor as well as by the path advantageously created by the assembly of the various components. The air which enters through the upper openings of the bearing and cools the winding before exiting through the side openings.
[0060] La machine comprend également un capteur de température 40 adapté pour mesurer la température machine. The machine also includes a temperature sensor 40 suitable for measuring the machine temperature.
[0061] Le capteur de température comprend une sonde de mesure 401 , adaptée pour mesurer la température localement, d’où s’étendent deux connecteurs, lesdits connecteurs permettant de raccorder électriquement la sonde à l’électronique de commande 38. Le capteur de température comprend ainsi un connecteur de masse 402c et un connecteur permettant d’appliquer une différence de potentiel aux bornes de la sonde 402a. The temperature sensor comprises a measurement probe 401, suitable for measuring the temperature locally, from which extend two connectors, said connectors making it possible to electrically connect the probe to the control electronics 38. The temperature sensor thus comprises a ground connector 402c and a connector making it possible to apply a potential difference to the terminals of the probe 402a.
[0062] Le capteur de température est par exemple avantageusement un capteur à coefficient de température négatif. Le capteur de température est par exemple un capteur de température à coefficient de température négatif ou un capteur de température à coefficient de température positif. The temperature sensor is, for example, advantageously a sensor with a negative temperature coefficient. The temperature sensor is for example a temperature sensor with a negative temperature coefficient or a temperature sensor with a positive temperature coefficient.
[0063] Le capteur de température est porté par le capteur de position. The temperature sensor is carried by the position sensor.
[0064] On entendra par « capteur de température porté par le capteur de position », le fait que la sonde de température est contenue dans le boîtier du capteur de position ou montée sur la surface du boîtier du capteur de position, la portion de connexion du capteur de température étant mutualisée avec la portion de connexion du capteur de position. En particulier, dans le cas où la sonde de température est contenue dans le boîtier du capteur de position, on pourra envisager que la sonde de température et les sondes à effet Hall sont portées par un même porte capteur ou par deux portes capteurs différents. Dans le cas où les sondes de température et la sonde à effet Hall sont portées par deux portes capteurs différents, orthoradialement adjacents, le boîtier pourra présenter deux portions disjointes adjacentes orthoradialement autour de l’axe de la machine, ces deux portions disjointes étant reliées par une portion commune logeant au moins les portions de connexion des deux capteurs, comme décrit et illustré dans la suite. The term "temperature sensor carried by the position sensor" will be understood to mean the fact that the temperature sensor is contained in the housing of the position sensor or mounted on the surface of the housing of the position sensor, the connection portion of the temperature sensor being shared with the connection portion of the position sensor. In particular, in the case where the temperature probe is contained in the housing of the position sensor, it is possible to envisage that the temperature probe and the Hall effect probes are carried by the same sensor holder or by two different sensor doors. In the case where the temperature probes and the Hall effect probe are carried by two different sensor holders, orthoradially adjacent, the box may have two disjoint adjacent portions orthoradially around the axis of the machine, these two disjoint portions being connected by a common portion housing at least the connection portions of the two sensors, as described and illustrated below.
[0065] Le capteur de température est ainsi positionné à proximité du capteur de position de sorte qu’il baigne dans le même flux d’air dont la température est représentative de la température machine. On entend par « à proximité » que la distance entre les capteurs est petite, relativement aux dimensions de la machine, axialement et orthoradialement autour de l’axe X. The temperature sensor is thus positioned near the position sensor so that it bathes in the same air flow, the temperature of which is representative of the machine temperature. By "close" is meant that the distance between the sensors is small, relative to the dimensions of the machine, axially and orthoradially around the X axis.
[0066] Dans les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessous, la portion de détection du capteur de position 52 et la sonde de mesure 401 du capteur de température sont positionnées orthoradialement dans un secteur angulaire autour de l’axe de la machine inférieur à 180°. Le secteur angulaire est avantageusement inférieur à 90° comme illustré à la figure 3. La température mesurée par le capteur de température est alors sensiblement la même que la température de l’air machine à proximité du capteur de position. In the embodiments described below, the detection portion of the position sensor 52 and the measurement probe 401 of the temperature sensor are positioned orthoradially in an angular sector around the axis of the machine less than 180 °. The angular sector is advantageously less than 90 ° as illustrated in Figure 3. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor is then substantially the same as the temperature of the machine air near the position sensor.
[0067] Dans un premier mode de réalisation, la sonde de mesure du capteur de température 401 est portée par la portion de détection du capteur de position 52. In a first embodiment, the measurement probe of the temperature sensor 401 is carried by the detection portion of the position sensor 52.
[0068] La sonde de température est avantageusement portée par le porte-capteur 54. The temperature probe is advantageously carried by the sensor holder 54.
[0069] Les trois sondes à effet hall 520 et la sonde de température 401 s’étendent avantageusement parallèlement et parallèles à l’axe de la machine X. The three hall effect probes 520 and the temperature probe 401 advantageously extend parallel and parallel to the axis of the machine X.
[0070] Les sondes à effet hall et la sonde de température sont logées dans un même porte-capteur. Le porte capteur a par exemple une forme de couronne s’étendant orthoradialement autour de l’axe de la machine. Les sondes sont avantageusement surmoulées dans le porte capteur. The hall effect probes and the temperature probe are housed in the same sensor holder. The sensor holder has, for example, the shape of a crown extending orthoradially around the axis of the machine. The probes are advantageously overmolded in the sensor holder.
[0071] Dans ce mode de réalisation, la sonde de température 401 et les connecteurs 402a, 402c sont également logés dans le boîtier 55. [0072] La sonde de température ainsi logée dans du plastique permet d’avoir une mesure fiable de la température de l’air dans lequel elle baigne, le plastique n’empêchant pas une thermalisation de la sonde de température avec l’air ambiant. Un model thermique correctif pourra éventuellement être utilisé pour corriger la mesure de température faite au niveau de la sonde de température. In this embodiment, the temperature probe 401 and the connectors 402a, 402c are also housed in the housing 55. The temperature probe thus housed in the plastic makes it possible to have a reliable measurement of the temperature of the air in which it bathes, the plastic not preventing thermalization of the temperature probe with the ambient air. A corrective thermal model could possibly be used to correct the temperature measurement made at the temperature probe.
[0073] Dans une variante de réalisation de ce mode, comme décrit ci-dessus, comme illustré à la figure 4, le boîtier 55 présente une encoche axiale, séparant les sondes à effet hall et la sonde de température. In an alternative embodiment of this embodiment, as described above, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the housing 55 has an axial notch, separating the hall effect probes and the temperature probe.
[0074] Le boîtier 55 comprend donc deux portions 55a et 55b adjacentes orthoradialement autour de l’axe X ayant chacune sensiblement une forme de couronne, les deux portions adjacentes étant reliées par une portion de raccordement 55c. The housing 55 therefore comprises two adjacent portions 55a and 55b orthoradially around the X axis each having substantially the shape of a crown, the two adjacent portions being connected by a connecting portion 55c.
[0075] Dans un second mode de réalisation, schématisé à la figure 6 la sonde de mesure de la température 401 est portée par le boîtier 55 au niveau de la partie du boîtier encapsulant la portion de connexion du capteur de position 53. In a second embodiment, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6, the temperature measurement probe 401 is carried by the housing 55 at the level of the part of the housing encapsulating the connection portion of the position sensor 53.
[0076] Dans ce second mode de réalisation, une ouverture est avantageusement effectuée dans le boîtier 55 au niveau de la partie du boîtier couvrant la portion de connexion 53. Une telle ouverture permet le passage des fils pour le raccord électrique de la sonde du capteur de température 401 portée extérieurement par le boîtier 55, avec les connecteurs 402a et 402c à l’électronique de commande 38, s’étendant intérieurement au boîtier. In this second embodiment, an opening is advantageously made in the housing 55 at the part of the housing covering the connection portion 53. Such an opening allows the passage of the wires for the electrical connection of the sensor probe. temperature 401 carried externally by the housing 55, with the connectors 402a and 402c to the control electronics 38, extending internally to the housing.
[0077] Les connecteurs du capteur de température 402a et 402c sont donc logés dans le boîtier 55. The temperature sensor connectors 402a and 402c are therefore housed in the housing 55.
[0078] Dans les modes de réalisation décrits précédemment, les potentiels de masse du capteur de position et du capteur de température sont électriquement connectés à la masse de l’électronique de commande 38. Les potentiels de masse 521c et 402c sont en effet mutualisés au niveau de la portion de connexion 53. In the embodiments described above, the ground potentials of the position sensor and of the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the ground of the control electronics 38. The ground potentials 521c and 402c are in fact pooled at level of the connection portion 53.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[1- Machine électrique tournante d’axe X comportant : [1- X axis rotating electric machine comprising:
- un arbre (13) portant un rotor (12) entouré par un stator (15) porté intérieurement par un palier avant (16) et un palier arrière (17) reliés entre eux, - a shaft (13) carrying a rotor (12) surrounded by a stator (15) carried internally by a front bearing (16) and a rear bearing (17) linked together,
- un ensemble électronique (36) monté axialement sur le palier arrière (17) comprenant une électronique de puissance (37) et une électronique de commande (38), - an electronic assembly (36) mounted axially on the rear bearing (17) comprising power electronics (37) and control electronics (38),
- un capteur de position (50) du rotor associé à une cible (51), la cible (51) étant fixée sur un porte-cible (510) calé en rotation sur le rotor (12) et étant implantée axialement entre le rotor (12) et le palier arrière (17), le capteur de position (50) comprenant une portion de détection (52) adaptée pour détecter le passage de la cible magnétique (51) et une portion de connexion électrique du capteur de position à l’électronique (53), la portion de détection du capteur de position (52) étant portée par l’ensemble électronique (36), - a rotor position sensor (50) associated with a target (51), the target (51) being fixed on a target carrier (510) fixed in rotation on the rotor (12) and being located axially between the rotor ( 12) and the rear bearing (17), the position sensor (50) comprising a detection portion (52) adapted to detect the passage of the magnetic target (51) and an electrical connection portion of the position sensor to the electronic (53), the detection portion of the position sensor (52) being carried by the electronic assembly (36),
- un capteur de température (40), le capteur de température comprenant une sonde de mesure (401) adaptée pour mesurer la température localement et une portion de connexion électrique du capteur de température à l’électronique (402), caractérisé en ce que le capteur de température (40) est porté par le capteur de position (50). - a temperature sensor (40), the temperature sensor comprising a measurement probe (401) adapted to measure the temperature locally and an electrical connection portion of the temperature sensor to the electronics (402), characterized in that the temperature sensor (40) is carried by the position sensor (50).
2- Machine selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle la portion de détection du capteur de position (52) et la sonde de mesure du capteur de température (401 ) sont positionnées dans un secteur angulaire autour de l’axe de la machine inférieur à 180° et avantageusement inférieur à 90°. 2- Machine according to claim 1 wherein the detection portion of the position sensor (52) and the measurement probe of the temperature sensor (401) are positioned in an angular sector around the axis of the machine less than 180 ° and advantageously less than 90 °.
3- Machine selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2 dans laquelle la sonde de mesure du capteur de température (401) est disposée axialement entre le palier arrière (17) et l’ensemble électronique (36). 3- Machine according to any one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the temperature sensor measurement probe (401) is disposed axially between the rear bearing (17) and the electronic assembly (36).
4- Machine selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 dans laquelle la sonde de mesure du capteur de température (401) est portée par la portion de détection du capteur de position (52). 5- Machine selon la revendication 4 comprenant un porte-capteur (54), la portion de détection du capteur de position (52) et la sonde de mesure du capteur de température (401) étant encapsulées dans ledit porte-capteur (54). 4- Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the temperature sensor measurement probe (401) is carried by the detection portion of the position sensor (52). 5. Machine according to claim 4 comprising a sensor holder (54), the detection portion of the position sensor (52) and the measurement probe of the temperature sensor (401) being encapsulated in said sensor holder (54).
6- Machine selon la revendication 5 dans lequel le porte-capteur (54) comprend aux moins une première (54a) et une deuxième portion (54b) distinctes, circonférentiellement adjacentes autour de l’axe de la machine, et reliées entre elles par une troisième portion (54c), la première portion (54a) surmoulant la portion de détection du capteur de position (52) et la deuxième portion (54b) surmoulant la sonde de mesure du capteur de température (401). 6- Machine according to claim 5 wherein the sensor holder (54) comprises at least a first (54a) and a second portion (54b) distinct, circumferentially adjacent around the axis of the machine, and interconnected by a third portion (54c), the first portion (54a) overmolding the detection portion of the position sensor (52) and the second portion (54b) overmolding the measurement probe of the temperature sensor (401).
7- Machine selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 dans laquelle la sonde de mesure du capteur de température (401) est portée par la portion de connexion du capteur de position (53). 7- Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the temperature sensor measurement probe (401) is carried by the connection portion of the position sensor (53).
8- Machine selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans laquelle les portions de connexion du capteur de température (402) et du capteur de position (53) ont une masse commune reliée électriquement à la masse de l’électronique de commande (38). ] 8- Machine according to any preceding claim wherein the connection portions of the temperature sensor (402) and of the position sensor (53) have a common ground electrically connected to the ground of the control electronics (38) . ]
PCT/EP2020/086725 2019-12-20 2020-12-17 Rotating electric machine comprising a temperature sensor WO2021122961A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202080086647.4A CN114788148A (en) 2019-12-20 2020-12-17 Rotating electric machine including temperature sensor
EP20824275.0A EP4078788A1 (en) 2019-12-20 2020-12-17 Rotating electric machine comprising a temperature sensor
KR1020227020787A KR20220111284A (en) 2019-12-20 2020-12-17 Rotating electric machine with temperature sensor
JP2022537543A JP2023508001A (en) 2019-12-20 2020-12-17 Rotating electrical machines containing temperature sensors

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FRFR1915091 2019-12-20
FR1915091A FR3105639B1 (en) 2019-12-20 2019-12-20 rotating electric machine comprising a temperature sensor

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WO2021122961A1 true WO2021122961A1 (en) 2021-06-24

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JP (1) JP2023508001A (en)
KR (1) KR20220111284A (en)
CN (1) CN114788148A (en)
FR (1) FR3105639B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021122961A1 (en)

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WO2009081033A2 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-02 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Rotary electric machine including means for determining the angular position of the rotor
DE102010046520A1 (en) * 2010-09-21 2012-03-22 Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Electric motor for driving industrial truck with rotor, has fastening device that fastens sensor module in predetermined position in or on housing of electric motor
FR3046507A1 (en) 2016-01-05 2017-07-07 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur STATOR FOR A ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE
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US6169345B1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2001-01-02 Danfoss A/S Compact drive
EP1071194A1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2001-01-24 Sony Corporation Actuator
US20050212475A1 (en) * 2004-03-29 2005-09-29 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Actuator, motor unit and controller unit
DE102005021726A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Schaeffler Kg Module for a brushless electric motor and method of making the same
WO2009081033A2 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-02 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Rotary electric machine including means for determining the angular position of the rotor
DE102010046520A1 (en) * 2010-09-21 2012-03-22 Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Electric motor for driving industrial truck with rotor, has fastening device that fastens sensor module in predetermined position in or on housing of electric motor
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CN114788148A (en) 2022-07-22
FR3105639A1 (en) 2021-06-25
FR3105639B1 (en) 2021-12-17
KR20220111284A (en) 2022-08-09
JP2023508001A (en) 2023-02-28
EP4078788A1 (en) 2022-10-26

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