WO2021120873A1 - 可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法 - Google Patents

可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021120873A1
WO2021120873A1 PCT/CN2020/124595 CN2020124595W WO2021120873A1 WO 2021120873 A1 WO2021120873 A1 WO 2021120873A1 CN 2020124595 W CN2020124595 W CN 2020124595W WO 2021120873 A1 WO2021120873 A1 WO 2021120873A1
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Prior art keywords
wear
hook claw
hook
ring
manufacturing
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PCT/CN2020/124595
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李文娟
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李文娟
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Publication of WO2021120873A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021120873A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
    • G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
    • G21C7/08—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of solid control elements, e.g. control rods
    • G21C7/10—Construction of control elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of parts and components of a nuclear reactor control rod drive mechanism, in particular to a material and a method for manufacturing hooks that can improve processing efficiency and product quality.
  • the pressurized water reactor control rod drive mechanism is one of the key equipment of nuclear power plants. Its principle is to drive the claw components to produce corresponding actions by controlling the electromagnetic field, thereby driving the drive rod components and then driving the control rod components up and down in the reactor core Movement to achieve a series of important functions such as reactor start-up and shutdown, regulation or maintenance of core power, and rapid shutdown under accident conditions.
  • CRDMs for PWR nuclear power plants currently in service each contain 6 independent hooks.
  • the hook is the most critical part of CRDM.
  • There are single or double tooth-shaped parts on the hook which need to have wear resistance, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc., which is important for the life and operation reliability of CRDM. Both are very important, so the manufacturing requirements and inspection standards for the tooth-shaped part of the hook are very strict.
  • the present invention provides a Materials and manufacturing methods for hook claw manufacturing that improve processing efficiency and product quality.
  • the use of the material and manufacturing method for hook claw manufacturing provided by this solution can not only effectively control the tendency of intergranular corrosion on the surfacing fusion line, achieve the purpose of eliminating hidden quality hazards and improving the quality of hook claw manufacturing. At the same time, this solution can also improve the hook Features of claw manufacturing efficiency.
  • the present invention provides a material and manufacturing method for hook claw manufacturing that can improve processing efficiency and product quality to solve the problem through the following technical points: a material for hook claw manufacturing that can improve processing efficiency and product quality and
  • the material includes a base part as the base of the hook and claw, and also includes a wear-resistant ring made of wear-resistant material and in a cylindrical shape.
  • the base part is a cylindrical structure with a central hole in the center.
  • the ring may be inserted into the center hole by the end of the base body. After the wear ring is inserted into the base body, it is used to connect to the base body by welding; and after the welding is completed, the wear ring Used as the base material for the tooth profile of the subsequent processing hooks.
  • the base material is generally austenitic stainless steel.
  • the prior art generally obtains the wear-resistant alloy layer by surfacing on the base of the hook. Then, the required tooth profile is processed on the wear-resistant alloy layer. Take the surfacing layer material of Stellite alloy as an example.
  • the hook claw is due to the continuous heat input and the longer heat input time (the surfacing time of a single tooth profile is about 1.5 hours, if this solution is used to provide
  • the base part method requires surfacing welding of a cylindrical wear-resistant layer on the center hole of the base part, and the required time is several times of 1.5 hours), so that the temperature of the base body is higher (between 400-1100°C), This makes the matrix itself inevitably appear carbides to precipitate in the austenite grain boundaries, resulting in obvious intergranular corrosion tendency in the carburized layer at the welding fusion line. Therefore, the current domestic and foreign surfacing hook and claw products have surfacing welding. The tendency of intergranular corrosion to occur at the interface between the layer and the base material.
  • the metallographic diagram of a specific embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the tooth-shaped part of the hook needs to withstand more than 6 million strong impacts and wear during the 60-year life. Therefore, the tendency of intergranular corrosion near the welding fusion line will be substantial. Affect the quality and life of the hook.
  • the base and wear ring used are welded to the base by the wear ring.
  • the wear ring is used as the base material for processing the tooth shape of the hook, and the welded part is the hook body as a whole.
  • the base body is used as the hook claw base body
  • the wear ring is used as a base material for tooth forming.
  • the wear-resistant ring is connected to the base body by welding, that is, the base material for tooth formation on the hook claw embryo body only needs to be welded on the base body.
  • the heat introduction duration determined by the surfacing method no longer appears, which completely eliminates or can effectively reduce the tendency of intergranular corrosion on the welding fusion line. So as to achieve the purpose of improving the overall quality of the hooks, eliminating hidden quality hazards, and effectively guaranteeing the reliability and life of the CRDM.
  • the obtained hook claw embryo body can be clamped on a lathe or a grinder, and the hook claw embryo body can be driven to rotate around its own axis, and the corresponding turning tool can be driven along the axis.
  • the feed motion of the hook claw body in the radial direction and the axial direction process the inner wall of the wear ring into a stepped hole with annular protrusions.
  • the larger diameter hole section is for removing the wear ring
  • the surplus material that affects the tooth formation, the annular protrusion is used as the smaller diameter hole section in the stepped hole, and the annular protrusion itself is used as the material for the subsequent processing of the tooth shape.
  • annular protrusion For example, for a tooth-shaped hook, an annular protrusion is obtained That is, for the two tooth-shaped claws, two annular protrusions can be obtained.
  • a number of arc-shaped block-shaped hook claw blanks are obtained, each hook claw The blank is used as the base material for processing one hook. If considering the size and application of the existing hook, it is preferably set to divide the hook blank into four blanks.
  • the material of the base part is austenitic stainless steel
  • the wear-resistant ring is a block of Stellite alloy.
  • the hole section for matching with the wear ring has a larger diameter than the wear ring.
  • the outer diameter of the grinding ring In this way, during specific welding, the gap can be filled with molten metal by means of hot fusion welding, filler welding, etc., to obtain ideal welding quality.
  • the center hole is in the shape of a stepped hole, and the depth of the wear ring embedded in the center hole is limited by the wear ring One end of the deep center hole is in contact with the shaft shoulder on the center hole.
  • the wear-resistant ring adopts an oxygen acetylene surfacing process
  • the material obtained by surfacing on the mandrel is a cylindrical structure of nickel-based alloy.
  • the solution also discloses a hook claw manufacturing method that can improve processing efficiency and product quality.
  • the method includes a hook claw embryo body forming step, and the hook claw embryo body molding step is to obtain the use on the base body as the hook claw base.
  • the raw material of the base material is a wear-resistant ring made of wear-resistant material and in a cylindrical shape
  • the base part is a cylindrical structure with a central hole in the center, and the wear-resistant ring can be made of
  • the end of the base part is embedded in the central hole, the wear ring is fixedly connected to the base part by welding after being inserted into the base part to obtain the hook claw embryo body; and the wear ring is used as a subsequent processing hook
  • the base material of the tooth shape on the claw is a wear-resistant ring made of wear-resistant material and in a cylindrical shape
  • the base part is a cylindrical structure with a central hole in the center
  • the wear-resistant ring can be made of The end of the base part is embedded in the central hole
  • the wear-resistant ring is connected to the base by welding, that is, the base material for tooth formation on the hook is only welded on the base.
  • a good wear-resistant ring is sufficient. Since the welding is different from the connection of the cladding layer obtained by the surfacing welding, the heat introduction duration determined by the surfacing method no longer appears, which completely eliminates or can effectively reduce the welding fusion line There is a tendency of intergranular corrosion, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the overall quality of the hooks, eliminating hidden quality hazards, and effectively ensuring the reliability and life of CRDM.
  • a ring-shaped hook claw embryo body is obtained.
  • the obtained hook claw embryo body can be clamped on a lathe or a grinder, for example, by driving the hook claw embryo body around its own axis.
  • Rotate by driving the corresponding turning tool to do a feed movement along the radial and axial directions of the hook and claw body, the inner wall of the wear ring is processed into a stepped hole with annular protrusions.
  • the diameter The larger hole segment is to remove the excess material on the wear ring that affects the tooth formation.
  • the annular protrusion is used as the smaller diameter hole segment in the stepped hole.
  • the annular protrusion itself is used as the material for the subsequent processing of the tooth shape, such as for a tooth
  • one annular protrusion is enough
  • two annular protrusions are enough.
  • the tooth profile is processed, By performing circular cutting and grinding processing on the inner wall of the wear ring hole, the inner side of the wear ring is machined with a grooved wall structure before cutting, so that it can be quickly obtained directly after cutting.
  • the tooth-shaped annular protrusion, or the cutting of the annular protrusion has less material removal processing amount when reprocessing the annular protrusion. Therefore, the adoption of this solution can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency of the hook.
  • the welding connection adopts a high-energy density beam welding method
  • the molten metal fluid can come from hot fusion welding or filling welding.
  • the raw body of the hooks forming the plurality of hooks can be processed simultaneously by removing materials, and the simultaneous processing method with high material removal efficiency is used to improve the processing efficiency of the hooks.
  • the hook claw blank forming step includes a machining process and a cutting process;
  • the machining process is: turning and/or grinding the inner side of the wear ring by machining, so as to process the inner side wall surface of the wear ring into a stepped hole shape with annular protrusions.
  • a material for obtaining the tooth shape As a material for obtaining the tooth shape;
  • the cutting process is after the machining process, and the cutting process is: cutting the hook claw embryo body, dividing the hook claw embryo body into a plurality of arc-shaped blocks, and each arc-shaped block serves as a hook claw. Blanks, each hook claw blank is used for processing into a hook claw. As described above, it is preferable to divide the hook claw embryo body into four hook claw blanks by using an even method to divide the hook claw embryo body.
  • the material of the base part is austenitic stainless steel
  • the wear-resistant ring is a block of Stellite alloy.
  • the wear ring In order to make the wear ring have ideal wear resistance and impact resistance, it is set to: also include a preparation step for obtaining the wear ring.
  • the preparation step is to adopt an oxygen acetylene surfacing process on the mandrel.
  • the material obtained by the surfacing welding is a surfacing layer of nickel-based alloy, and then the wear-resistant ring is peeled off from the surfacing layer by mechanical processing.
  • the material and manufacturing method for the hook claw manufacturing provided by this solution is that the wear-resistant ring is connected to the base body part by welding during the specific hook claw manufacturing, that is, the base material for tooth formation is obtained on the hook claw embryo body. It is only necessary to weld the wear-resistant ring on the base body. Since the welding is different from the connection of the cladding layer obtained by surfacing welding, the heat introduction duration determined by the surfacing method no longer appears, which is completely eliminated or can be effective Reduce the tendency of intergranular corrosion on the welding fusion line, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the overall quality of the hook claw, eliminating quality hazards, and effectively ensuring the reliability and life of CRDM.
  • a ring-shaped hook claw embryo body is obtained.
  • the obtained hook claw embryo body can be clamped on a lathe or a grinder, for example, by driving the hook claw embryo body around its own axis.
  • Rotate by driving the corresponding turning tool to do a feed movement along the radial and axial directions of the hook and claw body, the inner wall of the wear ring is processed into a stepped hole with annular protrusions.
  • the diameter The larger hole segment is to remove the excess material on the wear ring that affects the tooth formation.
  • the annular protrusion is used as the smaller diameter hole segment in the stepped hole.
  • the annular protrusion itself is used as the material for the subsequent processing of the tooth shape, such as for a tooth
  • one annular protrusion is enough
  • two annular protrusions are enough.
  • Figure 1 is a specific embodiment of using surfacing technology to obtain a base material for tooth profile processing in the prior art, and a metallographic diagram of the obtained surfacing weldment.
  • the upper left part corresponds to the base material
  • the lower right part corresponds to the welding seam, which can be clearly seen from the metallographic diagram: an obvious decarburization layer appears in the lower right corner;
  • Fig. 2 is a metallographic diagram of the hook claw blank body obtained after the base body and the wear-resistant ring are welded by electron beam welding in a specific embodiment using the material and manufacturing method for hook claw manufacturing provided by the present invention.
  • the left part corresponds to the base metal
  • the right part corresponds to the weld;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the material for manufacturing hooks that can improve processing efficiency and product quality provided by the present invention, which is embodied in the surfacing structure of the wear-resistant layer on the mandrel to obtain the surfacing structure of the wear-resistant ring;
  • FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram showing the mating relationship between the wear ring and the base part in a specific embodiment of the material for hook claw manufacturing that can improve processing efficiency and product quality provided by the present invention.
  • the schematic diagram is a cross-sectional view, and in the schematic diagram, the teeth The position of the shape mark and the different section lines on the wear ring are only used to indicate the position of the tooth shape;
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of the structure shown in Fig. 4.
  • the marks in the figure are: 1, mandrel, 2, wear ring, 3, tooth profile, 4, base body.
  • a material for manufacturing hook claws that can improve processing efficiency and product quality.
  • the material includes a base part 4 as the base of the hook claw, and also includes a wear-resistant material made of a wear-resistant material and in a cylindrical shape.
  • Ring 2 the base part 4 is a cylindrical structure with a central hole in the center, the wear-resistant ring 2 can be inserted into the central hole by the end of the base part 4, and the wear-resistant ring 2 is embedded in the base part 4 Afterwards, it is used to connect to the base portion 4 by welding; and after the welding is completed, the wear ring 2 serves as the base material for the subsequent processing of the tooth shape 3 of the hook.
  • the base material is generally austenitic stainless steel.
  • the prior art generally obtains the wear-resistant alloy layer by surfacing on the hook base. , And then process the required tooth shape 3 on the wear-resistant alloy layer. Take the surfacing layer material of Stellite alloy as an example.
  • the continuous heat input and the long heat input time of the hook claw (the surfacing time of a single tooth profile 3 is about 1.5 hours, if this solution is adopted)
  • the provided method of the base part 4 requires that a cylindrical wear-resistant layer is welded on the center hole of the base part 4, and the required time is several times of 1.5 hours), which makes the temperature of the base body higher (at 400-1100°C)
  • the matrix itself inevitably appears carbide precipitation in the austenite grain boundary, resulting in obvious intergranular corrosion tendency in the carburized layer at the welding fusion line. Therefore, the current domestic and foreign surfacing hook and claw products are all There is a tendency for intergranular corrosion to occur at the interface between the surfacing layer and the base metal.
  • the metallographic diagram of a specific embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the tooth shape 3 part on the hook needs to withstand more than 6 million times of strong impact and wear during the 60-year life. Therefore, the tendency of intergranular corrosion near the welding fusion line will substantially Sex affects the quality and life of the hook.
  • the base 4 and the wear ring 2 used are welded to the base 4 by the wear ring 2.
  • the wear ring 2 is used as the base material for processing the tooth profile 3 on the hook, and the welded parts are as a whole
  • the hook claw embryo body by subsequently dividing the hook claw embryo body, a plurality of hook claw blanks manufactured as a single hook claw can be obtained: the base body part 4 serves as the hook claw base body, and the wear ring 2 serves as the tooth shape 3 Base material for molding.
  • the wear ring 2 is connected to the base part 4 by welding, that is, the base material for forming the tooth shape 3 on the hook claw embryo body only needs to be welded to the base part 4 with good resistance. Grinding ring 2 is enough.
  • the heat introduction duration determined by the surfacing method no longer appears, which completely eliminates or can effectively reduce the occurrence of the welding fusion line The tendency of intergranular corrosion, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the overall quality of the hooks, eliminating hidden quality hazards, and effectively ensuring the reliability and life of CRDM.
  • the obtained hook claw embryo body can be clamped on a lathe or a grinder, and the hook claw embryo body can be driven to rotate around its own axis, and the corresponding turning tool can be driven along the axis.
  • the feed movement of the hook body in the radial direction and the axial direction process the inner wall of the wear ring 2 into a stepped hole with annular protrusions.
  • the hole section with a larger diameter is used to remove wear resistance.
  • the annular protrusion is used as the smaller diameter hole section in the stepped hole, and the material of the annular protrusion itself is used as the material for the subsequent processing of the tooth shape 3, such as a hook for a tooth shape 3. It is sufficient to obtain one annular protrusion, and for the two tooth-shaped claws 3, it is sufficient to obtain two annular protrusions.
  • the existing claw it is preferably set to divide the claw blank into four claw blanks. In this way, the tooth shape 3 is processed. At this time, by removing material from the inner wall of the wear ring 2, the annular protrusion that can be directly used as the tooth shape 3 after cutting can be quickly obtained, or when the annular protrusion after being cut is reprocessed , There is less material removal processing amount, so the use of this scheme can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency of the hook.
  • the base part 4 is made of austenitic stainless steel
  • the wear ring 2 is a block of Stellite alloy.
  • the gap In order to ensure that after the base part 4 and the wear ring 2 are fitted, there is a gap between the two to facilitate the quality of the welding connection between the two, which is set as: on the central hole, the hole section used for the wear ring 2 The hole diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the wear ring 2. In this way, during specific welding, the gap can be filled with molten metal by means of hot fusion welding, filler welding, etc., to obtain ideal welding quality.
  • the central hole is in the shape of a stepped hole, and the depth of the wear ring 2 embedded in the central hole is limited by One end of the wear ring 2 that penetrates into the center hole is in contact with the shaft shoulder on the center hole.
  • wear-resistant ring 2 As a form of wear-resistant ring 2 with superior performance, it is set as follows:
  • the wear-resistant ring 2 adopts an oxygen acetylene surfacing process, and the material obtained by surfacing on the mandrel 1 is a cylindrical structure of nickel-based alloy.
  • This embodiment discloses a hook claw manufacturing method that can improve processing efficiency and product quality.
  • the method includes a hook claw embryo forming step, and the hook claw embryo molding step is obtained on the base part 4 as the hook base.
  • the base material used to make the tooth shape 3, the raw material of the base material is the wear-resistant ring 2 made of wear-resistant material and in a cylindrical shape, and the base part 4 is a cylindrical structure with a central hole in the center.
  • the wear ring 2 can be inserted into the central hole by the end of the base part 4. After the wear ring 2 is inserted into the base part 4, it is fixedly connected with the base part 4 by welding to obtain the hook claw embryo body; and
  • the wear-resistant ring 2 is used as the base material of the tooth shape 3 of the subsequent processing hook.
  • the wear-resistant ring 2 is connected to the base part 4 by welding during the specific hook claw manufacturing, that is, the base material for forming the tooth shape 3 on the hook claw embryo body only needs to be in the base body.
  • the wear-resistant ring 2 needs to be welded on the part 4. Since the welding is different from the cladding layer obtained by the surfacing welding, the heat introduction duration determined by the surfacing welding method no longer appears, which completely eliminates or can effectively reduce There is a tendency of intergranular corrosion on the welding fusion line, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the overall quality of the hook claw, eliminating quality hazards, and effectively ensuring the reliability and life of CRDM.
  • a ring-shaped hook claw embryo body is obtained.
  • the obtained hook claw embryo body can be clamped on a lathe or a grinder, for example, by driving the hook claw embryo body around its own axis. Rotate, by driving the corresponding turning tool to make a feed movement along the radial direction and the axial direction of the claw body, the inner wall of the wear ring 2 is processed into a stepped hole with annular protrusions.
  • the larger diameter hole segment is to remove the excess material on the wear ring 2 that affects the tooth profile 3 forming
  • the annular protrusion is used as the smaller diameter hole segment in the step hole
  • the material of the annular protrusion itself is used as the material for the subsequent processing of the tooth profile 3.
  • the cutting surface is parallel to the axis of the hook claw body
  • a number of arc-shaped block-shaped hook claw blanks are obtained, and each hook is
  • the claw blank is used as the base material for processing one claw. Considering the size and application of the existing claw, it is preferably set to divide the claw blank into four claw blanks. In this way, the tooth shape 3 is processed.
  • This embodiment is further limited on the basis of embodiment 3.
  • the welding connection adopts a high-energy density beam welding method
  • the molten metal fluid can come from hot fusion welding or filling welding.
  • the raw body of the hooks forming the plurality of hooks can be processed simultaneously by removing materials, and the simultaneous processing method with high material removal efficiency is used to improve the processing efficiency of the hooks.
  • the hook claw blank forming step includes a machining process and a cutting process;
  • the machining process is: turning and/or grinding the inner side of the wear ring 2 by machining to process the inner side wall surface of the wear ring 2 into a stepped hole with annular protrusions. Protrusions are used as the material for obtaining the tooth shape 3;
  • the cutting process is after the machining process, and the cutting process is: cutting the hook claw embryo body, dividing the hook claw embryo body into a plurality of arc-shaped blocks, and each arc-shaped block serves as a hook claw. Blanks, each hook claw blank is used for processing into a hook claw. As described above, it is preferable to divide the hook claw embryo body into four hook claw blanks by using an even method to divide the hook claw embryo body.
  • the material of the base part 4 is austenitic stainless steel
  • the wear ring 2 is a block of Stellite alloy.
  • the wear ring 2 In order to make the wear ring 2 have ideal wear resistance and impact resistance, it is set to further include a preparation step for obtaining the wear ring 2.
  • the preparation step is to adopt an oxygen acetylene surfacing process, in the core
  • the material obtained by surfacing on the rod 1 is a surfacing layer of nickel-based alloy, and then the wear ring 2 is peeled off from the surfacing layer by mechanical processing.
  • a small circular wear-resistant alloy ring with a size matching the design size of the hook is used as the wear ring 2, and the wear ring 2 is placed at one end of the inner hole of the large circular base material as the base 4 (such as Figure 4 shows), but there are some gaps between them instead of being in complete contact.
  • the wear-resistant alloy ring described here uses Stellite alloy, and other hard wear-resistant alloy materials can also be used; the base material is austenitic stainless steel.
  • the small circular wear-resistant alloy ring described in S1 above can also be realized in the following way:
  • a ring-shaped wear-resistant alloy surfacing layer of sufficient thickness is surfacing welded on the core rod as the core rod 1.
  • the core rod is made of austenitic stainless steel round bars, the surfacing method is oxyacetylene welding, and the wear-resistant alloy surfacing material is Stellite alloy, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the above-mentioned surfacing layer is processed into a wear-resistant alloy ring after external machining, and can be subjected to hardness testing and flaw detection to eliminate defective products.
  • the flaw detection method can use one or a combination of UT, PT, and RT.
  • a high-energy density beam welding method is used to replace the oxyacetylene surfacing method in the prior art to achieve a reliable connection between the hook base and the tooth-shaped 3-part wear-resistant alloy, which completely eliminates the existing surfacing welding method.
  • the inevitable tendency of intergranular corrosion on the fusion line ensures the welding quality between the substrate and the wear-resistant layer, improves the overall quality of the hook, eliminates quality hazards, and effectively guarantees the reliability of CRDM .
  • the method has high qualification rate, high processing efficiency (4 can be made at a time), and low overall cost.

Abstract

一种钩爪制造用材料，包括基体部（4）和筒状的耐磨环（2），耐磨环（2）材质为耐磨材料，基体部（4）为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，耐磨环（2）可从基体部（4）的端部嵌入中心孔中，并通过焊接的方式连接于基体部（4）上；在完成焊接后，耐磨环（2）作为后续加工钩爪上齿形的母材。采用该钩爪制造用材料，可有效控制堆焊熔合线上的晶间腐蚀倾向，提高钩爪制造质量，还可提高钩爪的制造效率。还提供了一种钩爪制造方法。

Description

可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及核反应堆控制棒驱动机构零部件技术领域，特别是涉及一种可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法。
背景技术
压水堆控制棒驱动机构(CRDM)是核电站关键设备之一，其原理是通过控制电磁场来驱使钩爪部件产生相应的动作，从而带动驱动杆部件并进而驱动控制棒组件在反应堆堆芯内上下运动，实现反应堆启停、调节或维持堆芯功率以及事故工况下快速停堆等一系列重要功能。
现役的压水堆核电站用CRDM，每套均含有6个独立的钩爪。钩爪是CRDM中的最为关键的零件，钩爪上有单个或是双个齿形的部分，需要具备耐磨、耐冲击、耐腐蚀、耐高温等性能，这对CRDM的寿命和运行可靠性都至关重要，所以对钩爪齿形部分的制造要求和检验标准都非常严苛。
目前现役的压水堆核电站中，CRDM钩爪的齿形部分绝大多数是采用在奥氏体不锈钢的基体材料上直接堆焊Stellite6合金的方式，这类技术操作简便、工艺成熟，使用广泛。当前中国90％的核电用钩爪都是采用这类工艺，即通过手工氧乙炔焊方式将Stellite6耐磨合金焊材熔覆在钩爪的预制部分，形成钩爪齿形部分的胚体，而后通过后续的成型加工，得到钩爪上所需的齿形。
进一步优化核反应堆控制棒驱动机构钩爪的制备工艺，以保证钩爪的制造质量和使用寿命，是本领域技术人员优化钩爪制造技术的重要方向。
发明内容
针对上述进一步优化核反应堆控制棒驱动机构钩爪的制备工艺，以保证钩爪的制造质量和使用寿命，是本领域技术人员优化钩爪制造技术的重要方向的 技术问题，本发明提供了一种可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法。采用本方案提供的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法，不仅可有效控制堆焊熔合线上的晶间腐蚀倾向，达到消除质量隐患、提高钩爪制造质量的目的，同时本方案还具有可提高钩爪制造效率的特点。
针对上述问题，本发明提供的一种可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法通过以下技术要点来解决问题：一种可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法，所述材料包括作为钩爪基体的基体部，还包括材质为耐磨材料且呈筒状的耐磨环，所述基体部为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，所述耐磨环可由基体部的端部嵌入所述中心孔中，所述耐磨环在嵌入基体部后，用于通过焊接的方式连接于基体部上；且在完成所述焊接后，所述耐磨环作为后续加工钩爪上齿形的母材。
现有控制棒驱动机构制造过程中，基体材料一般为奥氏体不锈钢，关于获取到钩爪上的齿形，现有技术一般通过在钩爪基体上通过堆焊的方式获得耐磨合金层，而后再在耐磨合金层上加工出所需要的齿形。以堆焊层材质为Stellite合金为例，钩爪在堆焊Stellite合金的过程中，由于持续的热输入和热输入时间较长(单个齿形的堆焊时间约1.5小时，如采用本方案提供的基体部方式，需要在基体部的中心孔上堆焊出呈筒状的耐磨层，所需时间为1.5小时的数倍)，使得基体温度较高(在400-1100℃之间)，使得基体本身不可避免地出现碳化物在奥氏体晶界析出，致使在焊接熔合线位置的渗碳层存在明显的晶间腐蚀倾向，故目前国内外堆焊类的钩爪产品均存在堆焊层与母材交界处发生晶间腐蚀的倾向，具体一个实施例的金相图如图1所示。
而在控制棒驱动机构服役期间，钩爪上的齿形部分在60年寿期内至少需要承受600万次以上的强力冲击与磨损，所以焊接熔合线附近存在的晶间腐蚀 倾向，将实质性影响钩爪的质量与寿命。
本方案中，所采用的基体部和耐磨环，通过耐磨环焊接在基体部上后，耐磨环作为加工钩爪上齿形的母材，而焊接件整体为钩爪胚体，后续通过对所述钩爪胚体进行分割，可获得多个作为单个钩爪制造的钩爪毛坯：所述基体部作为钩爪基体、所述耐磨环作为齿形成型用母材。在具体钩爪制造时，所述耐磨环通过焊接的方式连接在基体部上，即：在钩爪胚体上获得齿形成型用母材仅需要在基体部上焊接好耐磨环即可，由于所述焊接起区别于堆焊得到熔覆层的连接作用，通过不再出现堆焊方式决定的热引入持续时间，彻底消除了或可有效减少在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，从而达到可提高钩爪的整体质量、消除质量隐患、使得CRDM的可靠性和寿命得到有效保证的目的。
同时，采用本方案，在完成所述焊接后，可将得到的钩爪胚体如夹持于车床上或磨床上，通过驱动钩爪胚体绕自身轴线旋转，通过驱动相应车刀做沿着钩爪胚体径向方向和轴向方向的进给运动，将耐磨环的内壁加工为具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述台阶孔中，直径较大的孔段为去除耐磨环上影响齿形成型的多余材料，环形凸起作为台阶孔中直径较小的孔段，环形凸起本身材料作为后续加工齿形的材料，如针对一个齿形的钩爪，获得一个环形凸起即可，针对两个齿形的钩爪，获得两个环形凸起即可。完成所述耐磨环孔壁加工后，如通过对钩爪胚体进行平均切割，且切割面与钩爪胚体的轴线平行，获得若干个弧形块状的钩爪毛坯，每一个钩爪毛坯作为加工出一个钩爪的母材，如考虑到现有钩爪的尺寸和运用，优选设置为将钩爪胚体均分成四个钩爪毛坯，这样，在进行所述齿形加工时，通过对耐磨环的孔内壁进行去材料加工，可快速的获得在切割后即能够直接作为齿形的环形凸起，或者使得在对被切割后的环形凸起进行再加工时，具有更少的去材料加工量，故采用本方案，可有效提高钩爪的 制造效率。
本方案在具体运用时，如采用现有技术中的电子束焊实现以上焊接连接，不仅经济性好，同时可完全避免出现在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向。采用激光焊亦能达到可完全避免出现在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向的目的。
更进一步的技术方案为：
作为一种制造钩爪理想的材料实现形式，所述基体部的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，所述耐磨环为Stellite合金块。
为使得在基体部与耐磨环配合后，两者之间具有间隙以利于两者焊接连接的质量，设置为：所述中心孔上，用于与耐磨环配合的孔段的孔径大于耐磨环的外径。这样，在具体焊接时，通过热熔焊、填充焊等方式，利用熔融金属填满所述间隙，即可获得理想的焊接质量。
为在实现基体部与耐磨环焊接时，降低两者的定位难度和提高定位精度，设置为：所述中心孔呈台阶孔状，所述耐磨环嵌入中心孔的深度限定通过耐磨环深入中心孔的一端与中心孔上的轴肩接触实现。
作为一种性能优于的耐磨环形式，设置为：所述耐磨环为采用氧气乙炔堆焊工艺，在芯棒上进行堆焊得到的材质为镍基合金的筒状结构。
本方案还公开了一种可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，该方法包括钩爪胚体成型步骤，所述钩爪胚体成型步骤为在作为钩爪基体的基体部上获得用于制作齿形的母材，所述母材的原料为材质为耐磨材料且呈筒状的耐磨环，所述基体部为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，所述耐磨环可由基体部的端部嵌入所述中心孔中，所述耐磨环在嵌入基体部后，通过焊接的方式与基体部固定连接得到所述钩爪胚体；且所述耐磨环作为后续加工钩爪上齿形的母材。
本方案提供的制造方法在具体钩爪制造时，所述耐磨环通过焊接的方式连 接在基体部上，即：在钩爪胚体上获得齿形成型用母材仅需要在基体部上焊接好耐磨环即可，由于所述焊接起区别于堆焊得到熔覆层的连接作用，通过不再出现堆焊方式决定的热引入持续时间，彻底消除了或可有效减少在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，从而达到可提高钩爪的整体质量、消除质量隐患、使得CRDM的可靠性和寿命得到有效保证的目的。
同时，采用本方案，在完成所述焊接后，得到呈环状的钩爪胚体，可将得到的钩爪胚体如夹持于车床上或磨床上，通过驱动钩爪胚体绕自身轴线旋转，通过驱动相应车刀做沿着钩爪胚体径向方向和轴向方向的进给运动，将耐磨环的内壁加工为具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述台阶孔中，直径较大的孔段为去除耐磨环上影响齿形成型的多余材料，环形凸起作为台阶孔中直径较小的孔段，环形凸起本身材料作为后续加工齿形的材料，如针对一个齿形的钩爪，获得一个环形凸起即可，针对两个齿形的钩爪，获得两个环形凸起即可。完成所述耐磨环孔壁加工后，如通过对钩爪胚体进行平均切割，且切割面与钩爪胚体的轴线平行，获得若干个弧形块状的钩爪毛坯，每一个钩爪毛坯作为加工出一个钩爪的母材，如考虑到现有钩爪的尺寸和运用，优选设置为将钩爪胚体均分成四个钩爪毛坯，这样，在进行所述齿形加工时，通过对耐磨环的孔内壁进行如去材料环形切削、磨削加工，通过在切割之前耐磨环内侧被加工出具有环槽的壁面结构，这样，可快速的获得在切割后即能够直接作为齿形的环形凸起，或者使得在对被切割后的环形凸起进行再加工时，具有更少的去材料加工量，故采用本方案，可有效提高钩爪的制造效率。
为完全避免在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，同时方便焊透，设置为：所述焊接连接采用高能密度束流焊接方式；
所述耐磨环在嵌入基体部后，耐磨环侧面各点与中心孔的孔壁之间均具有 间隙，通过焊接过程中熔融的金属流体填满所述间隙完成焊接。所述熔融的金属流体可来自热熔焊、填充焊。
如上所述，为实现多个钩爪在最终成型之前，通过对形成多个钩爪的钩爪胚体实现去材料同步加工、且利用去材料效率高的同步加工方式提高钩爪加工效率，设置为：还包括位于钩爪胚体成型步骤之后的钩爪毛坯成型步骤，所述钩爪毛坯成型步骤包括机加工工序和切割加工工序；
所述机加工工序为：通过机加工对耐磨环的内侧进行车削加工和/或磨削加工，以将耐磨环的内侧壁面加工成具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述环形凸起作为获得所述齿形的材料；
所述切割加工工序位于机加工工序之后，所述切割加工工序为：对所述钩爪胚体进行切割，将钩爪胚体分割为多个弧形块，各弧形块均作为一个钩爪毛坯，各钩爪毛坯均用于加工成一个钩爪。如上所述，优选采用对钩爪胚体分割采用均分方式，将钩爪胚体分割为四个钩爪毛坯。
作为一种性能优异的选材方案，设置为：所述基体部的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，所述耐磨环为Stellite合金块。
为使得耐磨环具有理想的耐磨性能和抗冲击性能，设置为：还包括用于获得耐磨环的制取步骤，所述制取步骤为，采用氧气乙炔堆焊工艺，在芯棒上进行堆焊得到的材质为镍基合金的堆焊层，而后通过机械加工由所述堆焊层上剥离出耐磨环。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本方案提供的钩爪制造用材料和制造方法在具体钩爪制造时，所述耐磨环通过焊接的方式连接在基体部上，即：在钩爪胚体上获得齿形成型用母材仅需要在基体部上焊接好耐磨环即可，由于所述焊接起区别于堆焊得到熔覆层的连 接作用，通过不再出现堆焊方式决定的热引入持续时间，彻底消除了或可有效减少在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，从而达到可提高钩爪的整体质量、消除质量隐患、使得CRDM的可靠性和寿命得到有效保证的目的。
同时，采用本方案，在完成所述焊接后，得到呈环状的钩爪胚体，可将得到的钩爪胚体如夹持于车床上或磨床上，通过驱动钩爪胚体绕自身轴线旋转，通过驱动相应车刀做沿着钩爪胚体径向方向和轴向方向的进给运动，将耐磨环的内壁加工为具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述台阶孔中，直径较大的孔段为去除耐磨环上影响齿形成型的多余材料，环形凸起作为台阶孔中直径较小的孔段，环形凸起本身材料作为后续加工齿形的材料，如针对一个齿形的钩爪，获得一个环形凸起即可，针对两个齿形的钩爪，获得两个环形凸起即可。完成所述耐磨环孔壁加工后，如通过对钩爪胚体进行平均切割，且切割面与钩爪胚体的轴线平行，获得若干个弧形块状的钩爪毛坯，每一个钩爪毛坯作为加工出一个钩爪的母材，如考虑到现有钩爪的尺寸和运用，优选设置为将钩爪胚体均分成四个钩爪毛坯，这样，在进行所述齿形加工时，通过对耐磨环的孔内壁进行去材料加工，可快速的获得在切割后即能够直接作为齿形的环形凸起，或者使得在对被切割后的环形凸起进行再加工时，具有更少的去材料加工量，故采用本方案，可有效提高钩爪的制造效率。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中，利用堆焊技术在基体上获得作为齿形加工的母材的一个具体实施例中，所得堆焊件的金相图，该金相图中，左上部分对应母材，右下部分对应焊缝，从金相图中可明显看出：右下角出现了明显的脱碳层；
图2为采用本发明提供的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法一个具体实施例中，通过采用电子束焊的方式完成基体部与耐磨环焊接后，所得的钩爪胚体的金相图， 该金相图中，左侧部分对应母材，右侧部分对应焊缝；
图3为本发明提供的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料一个具体实施例中，体现在芯棒上堆焊耐磨层以得到耐磨环的堆焊结构的结构示意图；
图4为本发明提供的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料一个具体实施例中，体现耐磨环与基体部配合关系的结构示意图，该示意图为剖视图，且该示意图中，齿形标记位置以及耐磨环上不同的剖面线仅用于齿形位置示意；
图5为图4所示结构的侧视图。
图中标记分别为：1、芯棒，2、耐磨环，3、齿形，4、基体部。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但是本发明不仅限于以下实施例：
实施例1：
如图1至图5所示，可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料，所述材料包括作为钩爪基体的基体部4，还包括材质为耐磨材料且呈筒状的耐磨环2，所述基体部4为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，所述耐磨环2可由基体部4的端部嵌入所述中心孔中，所述耐磨环2在嵌入基体部4后，用于通过焊接的方式连接于基体部4上；且在完成所述焊接后，所述耐磨环2作为后续加工钩爪上齿形3的母材。
现有控制棒驱动机构制造过程中，基体材料一般为奥氏体不锈钢，关于获取到钩爪上的齿形3，现有技术一般通过在钩爪基体上通过堆焊的方式获得耐磨合金层，而后再在耐磨合金层上加工出所需要的齿形3。以堆焊层材质为Stellite合金为例，钩爪在堆焊Stellite合金的过程中，由于持续的热输入和热输入时间较长(单个齿形3的堆焊时间约1.5小时，如采用本方案提供的 基体部4方式，需要在基体部4的中心孔上堆焊出呈筒状的耐磨层，所需时间为1.5小时的数倍)，使得基体温度较高(在400-1100℃之间)，使得基体本身不可避免地出现碳化物在奥氏体晶界析出，致使在焊接熔合线位置的渗碳层存在明显的晶间腐蚀倾向，故目前国内外堆焊类的钩爪产品均存在堆焊层与母材交界处发生晶间腐蚀的倾向，具体一个实施例的金相图如图1所示。
而在控制棒驱动机构服役期间，钩爪上的齿形3部分在60年寿期内至少需要承受600万次以上的强力冲击与磨损，所以焊接熔合线附近存在的晶间腐蚀倾向，将实质性影响钩爪的质量与寿命。
本方案中，所采用的基体部4和耐磨环2，通过耐磨环2焊接在基体部4上后，耐磨环2作为加工钩爪上齿形3的母材，而焊接件整体为钩爪胚体，后续通过对所述钩爪胚体进行分割，可获得多个作为单个钩爪制造的钩爪毛坯：所述基体部4作为钩爪基体、所述耐磨环2作为齿形3成型用母材。在具体钩爪制造时，所述耐磨环2通过焊接的方式连接在基体部4上，即：在钩爪胚体上获得齿形3成型用母材仅需要在基体部4上焊接好耐磨环2即可，由于所述焊接起区别于堆焊得到熔覆层的连接作用，通过不再出现堆焊方式决定的热引入持续时间，彻底消除了或可有效减少在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，从而达到可提高钩爪的整体质量、消除质量隐患、使得CRDM的可靠性和寿命得到有效保证的目的。
同时，采用本方案，在完成所述焊接后，可将得到的钩爪胚体如夹持于车床上或磨床上，通过驱动钩爪胚体绕自身轴线旋转，通过驱动相应车刀做沿着钩爪胚体径向方向和轴向方向的进给运动，将耐磨环2的内壁加工为具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述台阶孔中，直径较大的孔段为去除耐磨环2上影响齿形3成型的多余材料，环形凸起作为台阶孔中直径较小的孔段，环形凸起本身材 料作为后续加工齿形3的材料，如针对一个齿形3的钩爪，获得一个环形凸起即可，针对两个齿形3的钩爪，获得两个环形凸起即可。完成所述耐磨环2孔壁加工后，如通过对钩爪胚体进行平均切割，且切割面与钩爪胚体的轴线平行，获得若干个弧形块状的钩爪毛坯，每一个钩爪毛坯作为加工出一个钩爪的母材，如考虑到现有钩爪的尺寸和运用，优选设置为将钩爪胚体均分成四个钩爪毛坯，这样，在进行所述齿形3加工时，通过对耐磨环2的孔内壁进行去材料加工，可快速的获得在切割后即能够直接作为齿形3的环形凸起，或者使得在对被切割后的环形凸起进行再加工时，具有更少的去材料加工量，故采用本方案，可有效提高钩爪的制造效率。
本方案在具体运用时，如采用现有技术中的电子束焊实现以上焊接连接，不仅经济性好，同时可完全避免出现在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向。采用激光焊亦能达到可完全避免出现在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向的目的。
实施例2：
本实施例在实施例1的基础上作进一步限定，更进一步的技术方案为：
作为一种制造钩爪理想的材料实现形式，所述基体部4的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，所述耐磨环2为Stellite合金块。
为使得在基体部4与耐磨环2配合后，两者之间具有间隙以利于两者焊接连接的质量，设置为：所述中心孔上，用于与耐磨环2配合的孔段的孔径大于耐磨环2的外径。这样，在具体焊接时，通过热熔焊、填充焊等方式，利用熔融金属填满所述间隙，即可获得理想的焊接质量。
为在实现基体部4与耐磨环2焊接时，降低两者的定位难度和提高定位精度，设置为：所述中心孔呈台阶孔状，所述耐磨环2嵌入中心孔的深度限定通过耐磨环2深入中心孔的一端与中心孔上的轴肩接触实现。
作为一种性能优于的耐磨环2形式，设置为：所述耐磨环2为采用氧气乙炔堆焊工艺，在芯棒1上进行堆焊得到的材质为镍基合金的筒状结构。
实施例3：
本实施例公开了一种可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，该方法包括钩爪胚体成型步骤，所述钩爪胚体成型步骤为在作为钩爪基体的基体部4上获得用于制作齿形3的母材，所述母材的原料为材质为耐磨材料且呈筒状的耐磨环2，所述基体部4为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，所述耐磨环2可由基体部4的端部嵌入所述中心孔中，所述耐磨环2在嵌入基体部4后，通过焊接的方式与基体部4固定连接得到所述钩爪胚体；且所述耐磨环2作为后续加工钩爪上齿形3的母材。
本方案提供的制造方法在具体钩爪制造时，所述耐磨环2通过焊接的方式连接在基体部4上，即：在钩爪胚体上获得齿形3成型用母材仅需要在基体部4上焊接好耐磨环2即可，由于所述焊接起区别于堆焊得到熔覆层的连接作用，通过不再出现堆焊方式决定的热引入持续时间，彻底消除了或可有效减少在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，从而达到可提高钩爪的整体质量、消除质量隐患、使得CRDM的可靠性和寿命得到有效保证的目的。
同时，采用本方案，在完成所述焊接后，得到呈环状的钩爪胚体，可将得到的钩爪胚体如夹持于车床上或磨床上，通过驱动钩爪胚体绕自身轴线旋转，通过驱动相应车刀做沿着钩爪胚体径向方向和轴向方向的进给运动，将耐磨环2的内壁加工为具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述台阶孔中，直径较大的孔段为去除耐磨环2上影响齿形3成型的多余材料，环形凸起作为台阶孔中直径较小的孔段，环形凸起本身材料作为后续加工齿形3的材料，如针对一个齿形3的钩爪，获得一个环形凸起即可，针对两个齿形3的钩爪，获得两个环形凸起即 可。完成所述耐磨环2孔壁加工后，如通过对钩爪胚体进行平均切割，且切割面与钩爪胚体的轴线平行，获得若干个弧形块状的钩爪毛坯，每一个钩爪毛坯作为加工出一个钩爪的母材，如考虑到现有钩爪的尺寸和运用，优选设置为将钩爪胚体均分成四个钩爪毛坯，这样，在进行所述齿形3加工时，通过对耐磨环2的孔内壁进行去材料加工，可快速的获得在切割后即能够直接作为齿形3的环形凸起，或者使得在对被切割后的环形凸起进行再加工时，具有更少的去材料加工量，故采用本方案，可有效提高钩爪的制造效率。
实施例4：
本实施例在实施例3的基础上作进一步限定，为完全避免在焊接熔合线上出现晶间腐蚀倾向，同时方便焊透，设置为：所述焊接连接采用高能密度束流焊接方式；
所述耐磨环2在嵌入基体部4后，耐磨环2侧面各点与中心孔的孔壁之间均具有间隙，通过焊接过程中熔融的金属流体填满所述间隙完成焊接。所述熔融的金属流体可来自热熔焊、填充焊。
如上所述，为实现多个钩爪在最终成型之前，通过对形成多个钩爪的钩爪胚体实现去材料同步加工、且利用去材料效率高的同步加工方式提高钩爪加工效率，设置为：还包括位于钩爪胚体成型步骤之后的钩爪毛坯成型步骤，所述钩爪毛坯成型步骤包括机加工工序和切割加工工序；
所述机加工工序为：通过机加工对耐磨环2的内侧进行车削加工和/或磨削加工，以将耐磨环2的内侧壁面加工成具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述环形凸起作为获得所述齿形3的材料；
所述切割加工工序位于机加工工序之后，所述切割加工工序为：对所述钩爪胚体进行切割，将钩爪胚体分割为多个弧形块，各弧形块均作为一个钩爪毛 坯，各钩爪毛坯均用于加工成一个钩爪。如上所述，优选采用对钩爪胚体分割采用均分方式，将钩爪胚体分割为四个钩爪毛坯。
作为一种性能优异的选材方案，设置为：所述基体部4的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，所述耐磨环2为Stellite合金块。
为使得耐磨环2具有理想的耐磨性能和抗冲击性能，设置为：还包括用于获得耐磨环2的制取步骤，所述制取步骤为，采用氧气乙炔堆焊工艺，在芯棒1上进行堆焊得到的材质为镍基合金的堆焊层，而后通过机械加工由所述堆焊层上剥离出耐磨环2。
实施例5：
本实施例提供一种基于本方案所提供的钩爪制造用材料及制造方法的具体实现方式：
所述制造方法中：
S1、将一个尺寸大小与钩爪设计尺寸匹配的小圆环形耐磨合金环作为耐磨环2，并将耐磨环2放置在作为基体部4的大圆环形基体材料的内孔一端(如图4所示)，但两者之间并非完全接触而是保留有一些间隙。此处所述的耐磨合金环采用Stellite合金，也可采用其他硬质耐磨合金材料；基体材料采用奥氏体不锈钢。
S2、采用高能密度束流焊接方式，如电子束焊、激光焊等方式来完全填充满耐磨合金环与基体材料之间的间隙并形成焊缝，成为如图4、图5所示的完整钩爪胚体(图5是图4的左视图，可见一个圆环形基体材料能够加工出4个钩爪)。此次的焊缝为高能密度束流焊接形成的焊接熔合层，高能密度束流焊接时通常均为自熔，即不加填充材料，当然也可以加填充焊料。
S3、采用机械切削方式，把图5所示圆环体分切出4个单独的钩爪胚作为 钩爪毛坯，再进一步加工成钩爪成品。
为保证产品合格率、优化制备成本，还可以对以上S1中所述的小圆环形耐磨合金环按照如下方法实现：
1、在作为芯棒1的芯杆上堆焊出足够厚度的环形的耐磨合金堆焊层。芯杆采用奥氏体不锈钢圆棒，堆焊方式采用氧乙炔焊，耐磨合金堆焊材料为Stellite合金，如图3。
2、将上述堆焊层经过外圆机械加工后成为耐磨合金环，并可对其进行硬度检测和探伤检测以剔除不良品。探伤方式可采用UT、PT、RT中的一种或多种的组合。
本实施例提供的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
本实施例采用高能密度束流焊接方式替代现有技术中的氧乙炔堆焊方式来实现钩爪基体与齿形3部分耐磨合金之间的可靠联接，彻底消除了现有技术存在的堆焊熔合线上不可避免的晶间腐蚀倾向，从而很好地保证了基体与耐磨层之间的焊接质量，提高了钩爪的整体质量，消除了质量隐患，也使得CRDM的可靠性得到有效保证。同时本方法合格率高、加工效率高(一次可做4个)，综合成本低。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的技术方案下得出的其他实施方式，均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料，包括作为钩爪基体的基体部(4)，其特征在于，还包括材质为耐磨材料且呈筒状的耐磨环(2)，所述基体部(4)为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，所述耐磨环(2)可由基体部(4)的端部嵌入所述中心孔中，所述耐磨环(2)在嵌入基体部(4)后，用于通过焊接的方式连接于基体部(4)上；且在完成所述焊接后，所述耐磨环(2)作为后续加工钩爪上齿形(3)的母材。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料，其特征在于，所述基体部(4)的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，所述耐磨环(2)为Stellite合金块。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料，其特征在于，所述中心孔上，用于与耐磨环(2)配合的孔段的孔径大于耐磨环(2)的外径。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料，其特征在于，所述中心孔呈台阶孔状，所述耐磨环(2)嵌入中心孔的深度限定通过耐磨环(2)深入中心孔的一端与中心孔上的轴肩接触实现。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造用材料，其特征在于，所述耐磨环(2)为采用氧气乙炔堆焊工艺，在芯棒(1)上进行堆焊得到的材质为镍基合金的筒状结构。
  6. 可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，该方法包括钩爪胚体成型步骤，所述钩爪胚体成型步骤为在作为钩爪基体的基体部(4)上获得用于制作齿形(3)的母材，其特征在于，所述母材的原料为材质为耐磨材料且呈筒状的耐磨环(2)，所述基体部(4)为中央设置有中心孔的筒状结构，所述耐磨环(2)可由基体部(4)的端部嵌入所述中心孔中，所述耐磨环(2)在 嵌入基体部(4)后，通过焊接的方式与基体部(4)固定连接得到所述钩爪胚体；且所述耐磨环(2)作为后续加工钩爪上齿形(3)的母材。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，其特征在于，所述焊接连接采用高能密度束流焊接方式；
    所述耐磨环(2)在嵌入基体部(4)后，耐磨环(2)侧面各点与中心孔的孔壁之间均具有间隙，通过焊接过程中熔融的金属流体填满所述间隙完成焊接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，其特征在于，还包括位于钩爪胚体成型步骤之后的钩爪毛坯成型步骤，所述钩爪毛坯成型步骤包括机加工工序和切割加工工序；
    所述机加工工序为：通过机加工对耐磨环(2)的内侧进行车削加工和/或磨削加工，以将耐磨环(2)的内侧壁面加工成具有环形凸起的台阶孔状，所述环形凸起作为获得所述齿形(3)的材料；
    所述切割加工工序位于机加工工序之后，所述切割加工工序为：对所述钩爪胚体进行切割，将钩爪胚体分割为多个弧形块，各弧形块均作为一个钩爪毛坯，各钩爪毛坯均用于加工成一个钩爪。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，其特征在于，所述基体部(4)的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，所述耐磨环(2)为Stellite合金块。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的可提高加工效率和产品质量的钩爪制造方法，其特征在于，还包括用于获得耐磨环(2)的制取步骤，所述制取步骤为，采用氧气乙炔堆焊工艺，在芯棒(1)上进行堆焊得到的材质为镍基合金的堆焊层，而后通过机械加工由所述堆焊层上剥离出耐磨环(2)。
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